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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies Environmental Sciense Program id13364593 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENSE PROGRAM IMPACT OF RESETTLMENT ON WOODY PLANT SPECIES: THE CASE OF JAWIE, AWIE ZONE, AMHARA REGION BY: MELISACHEW FENTIE A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental science January 2009 Addis Ababa pdfMachine a Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROGRAM IMPACT OF RESETTLEMENT ON WOODY PLANT SPECIES: THE CASE OF JAWIE, AWIE ZONE, AMHARA REGION BY: MELISACHEW FENTIE Approved by the Examining Board: ___________________________________ _________ Chairman, Department’s Graduate Committee ______________________________________ ____________ Advisor ______________________________________ ____________ Advisor ______________________________________ ____________ Advisor ______________________________________ ___________ Examiner pdfMachine b Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Acknowledgements Many individuals and institutions have contributed for the successful completion of this study. First and foremost, I am very much grateful to my advisors Prof. Ensermu Kelbessa, and Dr Mekuria Argaw for their constant, stimulating, flexible advice and valuable suggestions they given me through out the study period. Prof. Ensermu Kelbessa is also acknowledged for helping me in species identification devoting his precious time. I would like to express my special thanks to the Horn of Africa Regional Environment Program for providing me with financial support. I extend my gratitude to Abebe Kebede for his valuable help in acquiring primary data. I adds extend my gratitude to Ato Birara Chekole, Ato Delnessa Anduale and Ato Worku Fentahun for their genuine cooperation and moral encouragement for the successful completion of this study. I would like to thank zonal and woreda level administrative and agriculture and rular development office of Awie Zone for their cooperation. I also thank officials and natural resource experts at various levels who cooperated with me in providing necessary information about the study area. Finally, I wish to express my sincere thanks to my wife Mrs. Meberat Alehegne and my family for their moral encouragement and financial support up to the time I finished this work. pdfMachine i Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! Table of contents Contents Pages Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………....i List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………...…. v List of Figures....................................................................................................................vi List of Appendices............................................................................................................vii Acronyms..........................................................................................................................viii Abstract ….….................................................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background...............................................................................................................1 1.2 Justification...............................................................................................................2 1.3 Objective...................................................................................................................3 1.3.1 General objective …………………………………………………………..… 3 1.3.2 Specific objective ……………………………………………………………..3 2 Literature review............................................................................................................4 2.1 Definition and concepts............................................................................................4 2.2. Scholars view and experiences on resettlement …………………………......…....6 2.2.1 Ethiopian experience…………………………………………………………. 8 2.3 Population, Environmental degradation, and Resettlement…………...………….. 9 2.4 Resettlement and its impacts…………………………………………..……….…12 2.4.1 Resettlement and Host Environment ……………………….……………….13 2.4.2 Resettlement and Host People………………………….……………………15 2.5 Migration and resettlement in Ethiopia..................................................................15 2.5.1 Resettlement Programs during Derg period.....................................................16 2.5.2 Resettlement during EPRDF Regime .............................................................18 3 Materials and methods ................................................................................................22 3.1 Description of the study area ................................................................................22 3.1.1 Location ..........................................................................................................22 3.1.2 Topography, Geology, and Soil.......................................................................23 3.1.3 Climate…….....................................................................................................24 pdfMachine ii Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! 3.1.4 Vegetation .......................................................................................................24 3.1.5 Population .......................................................................................................25 3.1.6 Farming /cultivation ........................................................................................25 3.2 Vegetation Sampling..............................................................................................26 3.2.1 Reconnaissance Survey………………………………………….…………...26 3.2.2 Sampling design…………………………………………….………………..26 3.3 Vegetation data collection…………………………………..……………………27 3.4 Vegetation data analysis………………………………………..………………. 28 3.4.1 Woody tree and shrub species composition analysis ………………………..28 3.4.1.1 Woody tree and shrub species diversity……………………….………....28 3.4.1.2 Woody tree and shrub species frequency and number…………...…..…. 29 3.4.2 Woody tree and shrub species structure analysis…………..………….……. 31 3.4.2.1 Woody tree and shrub species regeneration status………………...….…31 3.4.2.2 Woody tree and shrub species height and DBH distribution…….....…….. 32 4 Results ...........................................................................................................................32 4.1 Floristic composition of the study area..................................................................32 4.1.1 Diversity of woody species……......................................................................34 4.1.2 Woody species individuals’ number ……………………………………….. 34 4.1.3 Woody tree and shrub species Frequency…………………………………....38 4.2 Woody vegetations structure……………………………………………………..40 4.2.1 Regeneration status………………………………………………………..…40 4.2.2 Height and DBH distribution ……………………………………………..…44 4.2.2.1 Height distribution……………………………………….………………44 4.2.2.2 DBH distribution………………………………………………………...46 5 Discussions ................................................................................................................... 49 5.1 Woody tree and shrub species composition.......................................................... 49 5.2 Structure of the woodland vegetation…………………………………...……….52 5.2.1 Regeneration status……………………………………………………….….52 5.2.2 Height and DBH distribution……………………………………….………..55 pdfMachine iii Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now! 6 Conclusions and Recommendation............................................................................ 60 6.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................60 6.2 Recommendation ..................................................................................................62 7 References.....................................................................................................................63 Appendix...........................................................................................................................72
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