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WHAT IS THE AND WHY DID IT EXIST HERE? PAVING THE PATH TO FREEDOM: ORDINARY PEOPLE WHO DID EXTRAORDINARY THINGS

rom the earliest days of to grain, diminishing the need for numerous laborers. The within their jurisdiction. Citizens were required to inform rdinary people took great risks in doing extraordi­ incredibly hazardous—far more dangerous than operating Few women took the opportunity to flee their bondage. colonial settlement, when threat of sale far away from family and friends, which frac­ authorities about runaways and aid in their capture. The nary things to pave freedom's path on 's in the free states to the north. Ties to their children prevented many from running away. Africans were first forcibly tured families and separated parents from young children, fugitive slaves hiding in the North had become vulnerable to Underground Railroad. Their stories reveal amazing acts Some brought their children with them while others left brought to the colonies to labor motivated many to run. Harsh treatment and the intense capture, and many fled to Canada, where was illegal. of courage and inspiration, demonstrating how Mary­ Rev. Charles Torrey, a northern minister and abolitionist, them behind. Complete families did occasionally escape as slaves, many resisted and ran desire for freedom drove thousands more to escape. land's own freedom fighters struck a blow to slavery, operated with assistance from an African-American together. In 1857, 44 people in two groups successfully away from their masters. Slave Meanwhile, abolitionists and Underground Railroad bringing justice and liberty to all. While some participants accomplice, Thomas Smallwood. The two of them led fled from Dorchester County, bringing 20 children and abor became the foundation Freedom seekers faced enormous obstacles. Relentless activists doubled their efforts to liberate slaves. became famous, many heroes remain unknown, due to approximately 400 freedom seekers out of , infants with them. Hotly pursued by slave catchers, they of American society and slave catchers, armed with guns, knives, and whips, Vigilance committees in northern cities coordinated their clandestine operation. Washington, D.C., and Maryland. Taking increas­ struggled while running unprotected in the cold, heavy culture. In the years following the hunted their fugitives with vicious attack dogs. the elaborate communication and relief networks ingly bold risks, Torrey was arrested in 1844 rain. A young boy became separated from his parents. , sentiments of Newspaper ads and wanted posters, featuring the I that served fleeing slaves. Slave escapes escalated. Both free and enslaved African were LW for bringing a woman and her two children Lacking shoes, his chances of survival seemed dim, but he "equality and freedom for all" were image of a black person with a pole and satchel Frustrated over increasing losses, southern slave­ the foundation of the Underground Railroad away from . He died in prison in hid himself until rescued. Mass escapes like this were rare, strong, and slavery was gradually over his or her shoulder, promised varying rewards holders, especially in border states like Maryland movement. 1846. Smallwood stood to lose his freedom testifying to the bonds of family that weighed heavily in outlawed in the northern states. for their capture. Whites, free , and Virginia, tightened their grip on both free and if caught, and successfully fled with his the decision to flee or stay. But in southern states, where and other slaves were tempted to inform on enslaved African Americans. , a free black minister and the family to Canada. agricultural interests dominated runaways. Captured freedom seekers often received x rx father of a runaway slave, was tried for aiding became the the economy, slavery thrived horrific physical punishment. They were whipped, branded As the Civil War approached, slaveholders were fully aware fugitives from the Eastern Shore in 1857. When a Runaways found support and most famous freedom seeker HHltgt and expanded. with the letter "R" for runaway, and mutilated. To prevent = 2 of the Underground Railroad, but unsure of its actual opera­ jury failed to convict him, frustrated slaveholders refuge in Native -American and conductor who risked the potential financial loss of a slave escaping again, slave­ O. _ tions. They imagined white abolitionists infiltrating their concocted new charges. Green was imprisoned for communities, such as the her life to rescue loved ones. holders often sold captured runaways to slave traders Sri Enslaved people resisted their bondage. Many commit­ communities, enticing slaves to run away, never acknowledg­ owning a copy of 's Cabin. Nanticokes and the Shawnees. -*a= c3u Tubman noted that liberty in the Deep South. ted acts of defiance, from refusing to work, to sabo­ ing that slaves might want to be free all on their own. Many Maryland and Virginia slave 3 = brought her little comfort tage, poisonings, arson, and violence. Some came to suspect free blacks as the most dangerous threat to George Wilmer lived a precarious dual life as a owners filed numerous court *2 n QJ O without her family. "I was a attempted to flee their bondage by running the slave system. In Maryland, as elsewhere in the South, T3 cz Safety and security for runaway slaves living in conductor on the Underground Railroad and as an petitions and complaints against =r^ stranger in a strange land," away. It was illegal for slaves to flee from their local governments enacted laws to keep African Americans CD n> the North diminished greatly in 1850 when enslaved man. Wilmer, and his wife Margaret, provided these tribes for sheltering runaway -—' l/T she once said, "and my home, r— *< masters, and those who did became known Congress passed The Fugitive Slave Act. Un­ under the tightest control. Freedom seekers became deeply a safe house near Georgetown Crossroads on the Sassafras slaves in their villages. (~i O after all, was down in Mary­ as fugitives from the law. der this law, northern police were bound to cautious, and rightfully so. Countless escapes were foiled by River, a strategic path to upper . During one SB M CD land because my father, my capture and return any suspected runaway the betrayal of friends, family, and by vigilant whites in the four-month period in 1855, Wilmer forwarded 25 freedom Most freedom seekers were young men, like CTT r— mother, my brothers and sis­ By the late 1700s a system provided support community eager for the high monetary rewards. seekers to Quaker , who had fewer family ties sl ters, and friends were there. to runaways, also known as freedom seekers in Wilmington. and were physically able to endure hardships. But I was free and they should and self-liberators. Communities, individuals, , of Vigilance Committee As activities drew the nation closer to conflict, only the Civil Some men forged strong community relation­ o•3 be free." She liberated almost and small groups of like-minded people com­ — courtesy of Chester County Historical Society, War would bring about the end of slavery and the need for African-American agents like these ships throughout the Chesapeake region that CO 70 individuals—an amazing West Chester, PA CD mitted themselves to help end the institution the Underground Railroad. sometimes worked with sympathetic linked to Underground Railroad supporters in testament to the strength of of slavery. Though the name Underground whites and others who believed that the North. These men, like Douglass, became an underground network that Railroad first appeared in the early 1830s (with Above: Anti-Slavery Token — Ohio Historical Society slavery was morally wrong. Many Underground Railroad agents themselves never betrayed her. the arrival of rail transportation), the secret net­ participated in this move­ , J. W. C. works to freedom had long been in operation. ment, but not all Quakers, or all African Pennington, and Alexander Hemsley People who participated in these illegal and clandes­ Americans were willing participants. were all freedom seekers from tine operations were identified as agents, conductors, Working as an agent on the Maryland who spoke publicly engineers, and stationmasters, terms that mirrored Underground Railroad in a against slavery and actively support positions on actual railroads. They guided freedom seek­ slave state was ed freedom seekers. ers, hid them on their property, made arrangements for their next safe place to stay, purchased train or boat tick­ Above: Frederick Douglass — Chester County ets, hid them in cargo, and transported them in wagons Samuel Green — from William Still," The Historical Society, West Chester, PA or in the hulls of ships. Underground Railroad,"1872 edition, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD E450.585

Maryland's slaves were commonly sold to people in the Henry Highland Garnet, Deep South as Maryland's agriculture shifted from tobacco — National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Above: The Runaway —Wilbur H. Siebert's Collection, Ohio Historical Society

Slave narratives were written or dictated by successful fugitives who found freedom. The narratives described their experiences in bondage and their journeys to freedom. Charles Ball was born into slavery on a tobacco plantation in Calvert Slave Auction Family — courtesy of Illustrated London News County, Maryland. Ball was sold away from his wife to a slave trader from Georgia. Ball found his mistreatment unbearable and escaped from slavery, walking from Georgia to Maryland where he returned to his wife and children. He hired himself out for wages and saved enough to buy a farm near Baltimore. In 1830 he was captured and returned to slavery. He escaped again, hiding on a ship to Philadelphia and then returned to Baltimore. In his absence, his wife and children, who were legally freed slaves, had been sold into slavery. After Enslaved labor tended tobacco crops growing on plantations and farms in and the Eastern Shore. learning of his family's fate, Ball returned to to minimize the chance of The enslaved painstakingly picked insect pests off of each leaf by hand. When the gained independence Freedom seekers found refuge among Native- American Indian villages, such as being recaptured. from Fngland, many Maryland farms converted to food crops, which required fewer laborers. Shawnee Oldfield Village on the near Oldtown. Shawnee Native Slave Cabin — Sotterley Plantation Some slaveholders sold their surplus slaves to traders in the Deep South, while others freed them. American — painted by Joseph Warin, courtesy of Bibliotheque nationale de France Slavery In The United States — courtesy of the State Library of North Carolina 1720-1790 1776-1783 1777-1804 1793 1808 1820 1831 1838 1845 1849 1850 1852 1857 1859 1860 1861 1862 1864 1865

The first Africans Maryland's Dramatic in­ American Vermont be­ First federal Transatlantic Missouri Com­ Maryland Enslaved Mary- Frederick Harriet Tubman The Fugitive Harriet Beecher In the Dred John Brown Abraham Lincoln The Civil War Lincoln signs the Lincoln is The Civil War Africans forcibly brought to colonial crease in slave Revolution comes the first slave law slave trade out­ promise admits passes legisla­ lander Frederick Douglass liberates her­ Slave Act is Stowe publishes Scott decision, launches his is elected begins. The first Emancipation nominated in ends. Congress brought to Maryland are authorities imports from U.S. territory to passes, lawed, increas­ Missouri and tion supporting Douglass publishes his self. She spends passed. UncleTom's the Supreme armed raid on president. bloodshed is Proclamation, Baltimore for passes the 13th British colonies, enslaved, pass Africa to the abolish slavery, requiring the ing the demand Maine as slave colonization, escapes to autobiography the next 11 Thousands Cabin. It Court decides Harpers Ferry, during the which frees a second presi­ amendment, such as forced to numerous Americas. Many and several return of run­ for interstate and free states, a movement freedom in Narrative of years trying to of freedom became an that blacks are Virginia (now Baltimore Riot. millions of slaves dential term. abolishing Maryland, are labor without new laws new laws make other northern away slaves and intrastate respectively. which took the North. the Life of rescue family seekers instant best not U.S. citizens, West Virginia), in rebelling On Nov. 1, slavery in the indentured pay, without about it a crime to states follow found in free slave trading. former slaves Frederick and friends on already in the seller, and and slavehold­ from the states. The Maryland United States. servants. freedom, for slavery. give aid to suit. northern states. to . Mary­ Douglass, Maryland's North begin a polarizes the ers can maintain Kennedy Farm proclamation outlaws slavery their entire runaway slaves. land and it becomes Eastern Shore. second journey nation over their rights to in Maryland. becomes law on and liberates lives. forbids the a best seller. to a more the issue of their slaves, January 1,1863. hundreds of importation secure freedom slavery. even in free Maryland, a thousands of slaves from in Canada and territory. state loyal to the of enslaved other states. other locations. Union, is allowed people. to maintain slavery.

Maria Weems Escaping In Male Attire — from Escaping with Masters' Carriage William Still, "The Underground Railroad," 1872 and Horses — from William Still, HOW THE ENSLAVED SOUGHT AND GAINED FREEDOM edition, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD "The Underground Railroad," 1872 E450.585 edition, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD. E450.585 scaping bondage and running to freedom was horse, or wagon under the protection of darkness. Rockville. Frederick Douglass wore a a dangerous and potentially life-threatening Drivers concealed self-liberators in false compartments sailor's uniform. Some obtained forged knives, used them when decision, but Maryland's self-liberators had several advan­ built into their wagons or hid them under loads of produce. passes or certificates that attested to needed, often getting tages. First, they were close to a free state, Pennsylvania. Others used boats in the waterways. their free status, some passed as wounded in battles with Second, these self-liberators used the heavily traveled Sympathetic boat captains hid freedom seekers on their white because of their light skin authorities and slave north-south trade routes populated with free black fami­ ships, though some charged up to $100 to do so. Many of color, and others blended into catchers. In 1851, an lies. Maritime travel throughout the region depended on Maryland's freedom seekers were familiar with maritime the large free black population angry group of whites free and enslaved black labor, which meant blacks could navigation and used the North Star and constellations to in cities. and blacks led by communicate with each other from one port town to the guide their way. Some read the moss on the bark of trees, William Parker of Maryland killed Baltimore County slave next. Networks, well established throughout Maryland, while others followed the movement of tidewater rivers Along their journey, freedom seekers sometimes rested owner Edward Gorsuch, who was attempting to re-enslave linked isolated individuals and groups with underground and streams that flowed north. comfortably in the homes or churches of friendly support­ a self-liberator then living near Christiana, Pennsylvania. networks in Washington, D.C., Pennsyl­ ers, while others others hid in swamps, wooded thickets, vania, Delaware, , , Freedom seekers sometimes created root cellars, secret rooms, attics, barns, fodder houses, Because the Underground Railroad was a clandestine, the greater New region, and elaborate escape plans. Eighteen-year- and other outbuildings. Most freedom seekers probably illegal movement, the names of many of those who fled Canada. old Lear Green shipped herself in a chest found their way to freedom without any help, but many or dared to help, and the routes they took or the methods aboard a steamship sailing from Baltimore were given instructions enabling them to pass from one they used, may never be known. Potential self-liberators used several to Philadelphia. Runaways often used safe place to the next. means to obtain freedom. They sometimes disguises. Ann Maria Weems dressed traveled by train (after 1828), but more as a young man to slip away from Some runaways were determined to never be taken back often they traveled by land on foot, her owner, a slave trader from alive. Those who had access to weapons, like pistols and

Lear Green Escaping In A Chest — from William Still, "The Underground Railroad," 1872 edition, Maryland Historical Society, This map depicts the major travel routes of freedom seekers entering cisj^i Baltimore, MD E450.585. and leaving Maryland on the Underground Railroad. Not all routes headed directly north. Runaways who escaped via ship on the a5| Chesapeake Bay sailed south around the . The dotted line between Maryland, Delaware and Pennsylvania S 3 ° shows the Mason and Dixon line; the division of North and South .

|3l ST Qj O. I -—n CD 5; L?5 00 Outbuildings were common places for fugitives to hide. ET| T; — Drawing by John Sauers of Berkley, Maryland oLlD SrSK !«. £ S Dry Goods Merchant Searching The Cars — from William Still, "The Underground Railroad,"1872 edition, Maryland it- Historical Society, Baltimore, MD E450.585, Harriet Eglin O CO LD cr4 - "— CKO and Charlotte Giles disguised behind mourning veils as their or o unsuspecting master attempts to find them. They successfully QJ =J o£ escaped aboard the train from Baltimore to Philadelphia. o Anthony Thompson, List Of Slaves — part of The Richardson 3 Papers, January 1,1839, courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society CD

FLIGHT ON THE CHESAPEAKE LIFE BEYOND SLAVERY: altimore's waterfront, including Fells Point, shown below, was a hotbed of Underground Railroad activity. Frederick Douglass lived here as a slave, working in local shipyards before he took his freedom in 1838. Where Did People Go Once They Left Maryland? Harriet Tubman tapped into Baltimore's African-American maritime networks along the city's busy wharves and The Mayor and Police of Norfolk Searching The paths out of Maryland were numerous alleys, where friends and relatives, like Tom Tubman, provided safe and trustworthy aid and support. African- Captain Fountain's and varied. Many who fled before 1850 American women who worked in the markets along Baltimore's waterfront secured forged travel passes and Schooner-from stayed in nearby states, blending into William Still,'The Un­ distributed them to freedom seekers traveling to Philadelphia by boat and rail. communities throughout the North. Photo courtesy of Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, MD derground Railroad," 1872 edition, Maryland One common path to freedom included stops Historical Society, in Wilmington, Delaware, where Thomas How to Use This Guide s Baltimore, MD E450.585 Garrett mobilized sympathizers to ferry free­ Of dom seekers into Pennsylvania. Some sought This map/guide introduces a collection of sites, programs and 7T refuge in Philadelphia, home to a large free facilities that are tied to the story of the Underground Railroad in n>" black population.There, William Still secured r+ Maryland. With this information, you can explore places where the passage to various stations along the Underground Railroad route I north. He forwarded his charges directly to , Boston drama of the Underground Railroad unfolded. You'll become familiar 3 and New Bedford, Massachusetts. with the personal stories that resonate from this tumultuous era >•ID+' The Chesapeake Bay and its numerous tributaries represented both a barrier and a path to freedom. Whether using small rafts or canoes to in our nation's history—how slaves struggled for freedom and how ? He sent others to cities in central New York, like Rochester, where traverse rivers and streams, or larger bateaus and boats to sail into open Frederick Douglass operated a station. From there, fugitives fol­ others risked their lives to help them. You'll also learn how slaveholders, 3 water, runaways depended upon their own sailing skills. Some, however, cu lowed routes to Buffalo for safe passage across Lake , Lake slave catchers, and civil authorities attempted to thwart any effort 3 hid in the holds of larger passenger and cargo vessels, plying their trade I throughout the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic seaboard. Erie, or they crossed near Niagara Falls. Others went to Elmira, to escape. New York, where John W. Jones funneled hundreds to Canada to B7 settle in St. Catharines, Hamilton, Toronto and Owen Sound. Each of these places mentioned in this guide are included in the 2 The following agencies can provide additional information on the Underground Railroad and travel services. For more Some sympathetic boat captains, like Captains Lambdin and Fountain, ID personally secreted runaways aboard their ships. Subject to seizure, 's National Underground Railroad Network or travel information, stop by any Maryland Welcome Center or a local visitor center. Runaways fleeing traveled through southwest­ boat captains were forced to allow random searches of their boats. ern Pennsylvania into Ohio and Indiana toward Detroit or the to Freedom Program. The map provides a general location for each ? Captain Lambdin, whose boat deck was once chopped to pieces by a shores of Lake Erie, where they sailed to western Ontario. site. For specific directions, check the individual websites that are 3 Maryland Office of Tourism Caroline County Office of Tourism Conference and Visitors Bureau local sheriff looking for a fugitive, was eventually captured in 1856 and e? jailed for his role as an Underground Railroad conductor. These freedom seekers settled in places like Windsor, Chatham, listed. Phone numbers are also supplied here. And, visit the Network Development 10219 River Landing Road of Montgomery, MD TO World Trade Center Denton, MD 21629 111 Rockville Pike, Suite 800 and Buxton, where they built new lives in freedom. to Freedom online S" 401 E., 14th Floor 410-479-0655 Rockville, MD 20850 Escape on the Chesapeake frequently occurred during war time. Along While some freedom seekers returned to Maryland after the Civil the rivers up and down the banks of the Chesapeake Bay, former slaves http://home.nps.gov/ugrr/TEMPLATE/FrontEnd/index.cfm, where i Baltimore, MD 21202 www.tourcaroline.com 800-925-0880 War, many remained in the North. Thousands returned to the you can obtain information about each Network to Freedom site n Baltimore, MD 21202 www.visitmontgomery.com ran to safety aboard naval vessels. Thousands joined the British Colonial Charles County Office of Tourism Marines during the , or the Union forces during the Civil War. United States from their temporary homes in Canada, settling in across the nation. 877-663-UGRR (8477) 103 Centennial Street, Suite C National Park Service National northern communities with friends and relatives, to rebuild social, www.visitmaryland.org LaPlata, MD 20646 Underground Railroad Network religious, and cultural relationships shattered by slavery. Connect with a part of American history that has too often been In 1862, near Port Royal, South Carolina, the U.S.S. Vermont became a Allegany County Department 800-766-3386 to Freedom Program refuge for hundreds of fleeing slaves. These slaves were called "contra­ Thomas Garrett — Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, PA hidden. The heroic stories linked to the Underground Railroad in of Tourism www.VisitCharlesCounty.com 202-619-7136 bands" of war by Northern generals who refused to return them to their Maryland are plentiful and riveting. 13 , Room 306 Dorchester County 215-597-7050 Confederate owners. Cumberland, MD 21502 Tourism Department www.cr.nps.gov/ugrr AND UNCLE TOM'S CABIN For a companion guide to Maryland's African-American Heritage, 800-425-2067 The photo below, of the U.S.S. Vermont by Henry P. Moore, depicts a 2 Rose Hill Place Prince George's County, Maryland please call 1 -877-333-4455, or order online at www.mdmountainside.com scene that was also common on the Chesapeake. Aboard the ship are Cambridge, MD 21613 Conference 8i Visitors Bureau, Inc. Born enslaved, Josiah Henson lived and worked http://167.102.232.26/ordervacation/mossorder.asp former "contrabands" who enlisted directly into the U.S. Navy. Annapolis & Anne Arundel County 800-522-TOUR (8687) 9200 Basil Court, Suite 101 near Rockville for more than thirty years. He Conference & Visitors Bureau www.tourdorchester.org Largo, MD 20774-5342 According to a book about Henry Moore's Civil War photos, "Moore's was forced to move to Kentucky to labor for 26 West Street Tourism Council of Frederick 888-925-8300 photo made it clear to its viewers that it would take the might of the his owner's brother. He led several other Annapolis, MD 21401 151 S. East Street www.visitprincegeorges.com Federal government to topple the slaveholder's power over his slaves along the way through 888-302-2852 Frederick, MD 21701 Queen Anne's County fellow man." Ohio (free territory) to their www.visitannapolis.org 800-999-3613 Office of Tourism new work site. Henson trusted Baltimore County Tourism www.fredericktourism.org 425 Piney Narrows Road his slaveholder's promise that 8i Promotion Chester, MD 21619410-604-2100 he could buy his freedom. Hagerstown-Washington County 400 Washington Avenue wwwdiscoverqueenannes.com When his master recanted, Towson, MD21204 Convention and Visitors Bureau 16 Public Square St. Mary's County Henson fled with his young 800-570-2836 family to Canada in 1830. www.enjoybaltimorecounty.com Hagerstown, MD21740 Division of Tourism 888-257-2600 23115 Leonard Hall Drive /P0 Box 653 There he established the Calvert County Department of www.marylandmemories.com Leonardtown, MD 20650 Dawn Settlement, a Economic Development & Tourism 800-327-9023 community for fugitive Kent County Office of Tourism 205 Main Street, 2nd floor www.stmarysmd.com/tourism slaves near Dresden, Prince Frederick, MD 20678 400 High Street, 2nd Floor Ontario. He wrote an Chestertown, MD 21620 Talbot County Office of Tourism 800-331-9771 autobiography in 1849 410-810-2830 11 S. Harrison Street www.ecalvert.com describing his life as a slave. Scene along the road to Ben Ross' former home site from 1820 to 1847 in Peter's www.kentcounty.com Easton.MD 21601 Neck, Dorchester County. Harriet Tubman would have visited her father, Ben Ross, 410-770-8000 wrote an while working in the area. Image, courtesy of Kate Clifford Larson, Ph.D. www.tourtalbot.org anti-slavery novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, and modeled her lead character, Tom, after Henson. call toll-free Josiah Henson Drawing; Cover Image of Uncle Tom's Story of His 1-877-663-UGRR(8477) Life- Documenting the American South (http://docsouth.unc.edu), www.visitmaryland.org Group of Contrabands on the U.S.S. Vermont — Collection of The New York The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library, Rare Book Collection. Martin 0'Malley, Governor • Anthony G. Brown, Lt. Governor Historical Society, Call Number PR-002-347.20, aa02010, negative number 44751 Uncle Tom's Cabin — University of Virginia Library MARYLAND'S UNDERGROUND RAILROAD AND NETWORK TO FREEDOM SITES AND STORIES

NATIONAL UNDERGROUND RAILROAD NETWORK TO FREEDOM

The National Park Service, through the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Program, is coordinating preservation and education efforts nationwide, and is working to integrate local historical sites, museums, and interpretive programs associated with the Underground Railroad into a mosaic of Maryland's Network to Freedom includes safe houses of sympathetic community, regional, and national stories. African Americans and whites who risked their lives to help self- All sites listed in this guide have been approved by liberators reach freedom, and Civil War sites where some enslaved the National Park Service as authentic Underground Railroad sites. All programs and facilities have been people fled to join the ranks of the . It includes the approved by the National Park Service as providing shipyards, waterways, woods, fields, and natural environments where authentic Underground Railroad information. freedom seekers hid, walked, fought, and ran away. In contrast, Key to map it also includes places that epitomized opposition to freedom, such as plantations where freedom seekers fled their enslavement and sites Underground Railroad of captures, arrests, trials, and jails where freedom seekers and their Sites, Facilities & Programs accomplices lost their struggles for freedom. Welcome / Visitors Centers Baltimore / Washington International Thurgood

CHOPTANK RIVER This river was Marshall Airport an important pathway and barrier for Harriet Tubman freedom seekers making their way from the Eastern Shore of Maryland Underground Railroad Byway to free soil. It was the site of numer­ ous escape attempts over three cen­ MARYLAND STATE turies-some successful, others unsuccessful. Freedom seekers HOUSE This is the oldest used their own maritime skills, relied on the aid of other state capitol still in continuous mariners, or secreted themselves aboard vessels sailing along legislative use. Built between the river. Others simply sailed, rowed, swam, or waded across 1772-1779, it served as the the river to continue their land-based journey to freedom. The U.S. Capitol from November river has more than 15 public access points, including Martinak 1783 - August 1784 when the met State Park, Choptank Boat Launch, the Choptank River Heritage in the Old Senate Chamber. Many state laws about slavery, SITES Center and Joppa Steamboat Wharf in West Denton. Here black freedom and the illegal activities of the Underground visitors can rent canoes and kayaks or pick up the Choptank & Railroad were hotly debated and passed here. In November 1864, the Maryland Legislature abolished slavery in the state. ARREST SITE OF WILLIAM Tuckahoe River Guide to discover 15 self-guided heritage Open Mon.- Fri. 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Sat. - Sun. 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. CHAPLIN Chaplin, an abolitionist paddle trips. For more information, call 410-479-0655. ROEDOWN FARM William ID required. 91 State Circle, Annapolis, MD 21401. from Albany, New York, was involved www.tou caroline.com orwww.riveriieritage.org Parker, who was born enslaved in 410-974-3400. in the failed escape of 77 people from the early 1820s at Roedown, later www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/homepage/html/ Washington, D.C. aboard the schooner DORCHESTER COUNTY COURT­ made a daring escape at age 17. statehse.html Pearl in 1848. Eluding imprisonment HOUSE This courthouse was the site of Settling in Pennsylvania, Parker then, Chaplin was captured on August frequent slave auctions throughout the became famous as the leader of the Christiana Resistance of Built more 8,1850, during a desperate shootout with slave catchers on antebellum period. Sam Green, a free 1851, a violent confrontation between black and white aboli­ than 250 years ago by the Car­ Georgia Avenue in Silver Spring. Both freedom seekers he black Underground Railroad agent, was tionists and a Maryland slaveholder intent on recapturing a roll family, Mount Clare was was transporting were wounded. Northern abolitionists convicted here for owning a copy of local runaway. The slaveholder, Edward Gorsuch, was left once a bustling 800-acre agri­ raised his bond of $25,000. The site is located at a local Uncle Tom's Cabin. White Under­ dead. Today, Roedown Farm is privately owned and not open cultural and industrial complex urban park where an outdoor exhibit describes these ground Railroad agent Hugh Hazlett's trial also occurred here. to the public. 3856 Wayson Road, Davidsonville, MD 21035. that included iron works, grist­ events. Jesup Blair Park, Georgia Avenue and Blair Road, Imagine the dramatic escape of Harriet Tubman's niece, Kessiah For more information, contact the Kunta Kinte-Alex Haley mills, and a brickyard. Hundreds of enslaved people labored Silver Spring, MD 20910.301 -650-4373. www.mc-mncppc. Bowley, and Bowley's two children, from the auction block on Foundation. 410-841-6920. here. During the 1700s, at least four freedom seekers fled org/parks/park_of_the_day/jan/parkdayjan14.shtm the courthouse steps in 1850. An outdoor exhibit describes from the site. The museum house is located at the 30-acre these events. This is an active courthouse. Please respect court SHAWNEE OLDFIELD VILLAGE , which provides special events and programs. business. Open 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. 206 High Street, Cambridge, Shawnee Indians once lived in the hills ARTHUR LEVER- Open Tue. - Sat. 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. Guided tours every hour on MD 21613. Contact the Dorchester County Visitor Center. surrounding Oldtown, near the conflu­ TON'S FARM SITE the hour, last tour at 3 p.m. Admission. Groups of 10+ need 410-228-1000. www.tourdorchester.org ence of the North and South branches Arthur W. Leverton, an Un­ reservations. Carroll Park, 1500 Washington Boulevard, of the Potomac River. From about derground Railroad agent, Baltimore, MD 21230.410-837-3262. www.mountclare.org owned this property from FERRY HILL PLANTATION 1711-1727, Shawnees living at King 1848 until 1859. His role Situated along the Chesapeake and Opessa'sTown and neighboring sites OLD JAIL OF ST. MARY'S was revealed in early 1858 after fugitive slaves Margaret Ohio Canal and the Potomac River, offered refuge to freedom seekers who had fled from their COUNTY Built in 1858, the Old Jail Haskins, her husband and four children were captured, major thoroughfares for freedom Virginia and Maryland masters. The frustrated governors of and Museum of St. Mary's County jailed and interrogated. Leverton was connected to vengeful seekers heading north, Ferry Hill was both states sought to negotiate with the Shawnee over the represents the fear and despair fac­ slaveholders. Leverton fled, leaving behind his family, home, once a thriving plantation utilizing return of runaways. Virginia offered bounties of guns and ing freedom seekers whose unsuc­ farm and livelihood. He re-settled in Indiana where other enslaved and free black labor. Records reveal that captured blankets. Today, the village site is a forested area located cessful attempts at flight ended here. Quakers had migrated to be rid of the institution of slavery. runaways were taken to the Hagerstown jail. A $200 bounty within the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical The Jail's exhibits feature the stories of five runaway slaves The family never regained the financial prosperity provided was paid to one for capturing five of them. Part Park near Oldtown, MD. www.nps.gov/choh who were incarcerated there, highlighting some of the by his productive farm. The farm site is now the John S. Ay- of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park in choices confronting freedom seekers and the struggles they ton State Forest Tree Nursery at 3424 Gallagher Road, Pre­ Sharpsburg, Ferry Hill is open Sat. - Sun. noon - 4 p.m. from SOTTERLEY PLANTATION endured. Open Wed.-Fri. 10 a.m. - 2 p.m. or by appointment. ston, MD 21655. Visitation is by appointment. Memorial Day through Labor Day. Group tours may be Once a thriving tobacco planta­ Courthouse Drive, Leonardtown, MD 20650. For information 1-800-TREESMD. arranged in advance. Contact the Williamsport Visitor Center, tion and steamboat landing on on the Old Jail, contact the St. Mary's County Historical 205 Potomac Street, Williamsport, MD 21795.301-582-0813. the , Sotterley Society at 301 -475-2467. www.stmaryshistory.org. BELAIR MANSION www.nps.gov/choh/History/TowpathTowns/FerryHill.html Plantation prospered under For more than 100 years, the the labor of a large enslaved Located at Ogle and Tasker families living GORSUCH TAVERN In 1851, Gorsuch relatives community. Several enslaved people fled from Sotterley. the mouth of the Potomac River, this state park in­ at Belair Mansion struggled gathered in this tavern to set off for Christiana in © Documentation provided by a living descendant of an en­ © cludes four Underground Railroad sites. Several nurses and to keep their enslaved people Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, to recapture enslaved African slaved family provided insight about slavery and freedom doctors at the Union Civil War hospital, Hammond Hospital, from running away. A featured Americans from the Edward Gorsuch place, "Retreat Farm," at the plantation. Visit this 94-acre National Historic Land­ assisted with the flight of local Maryland freedom seekers. across the road from the tavern.The site commemorates a mark and see Sotterley's Mansion, a rare 1830s slave cabin, exhibit "African-American Slaves at Belair," tells the stories Thousands of freedom seekers from Virginia and other significant escape from slavery and the master's effort to recap­ and more than 20 other outbuildings amid rolling fields, of resistance and flight. Open Tue. - Sun. noon - 4 p.m. states found protection and shelter at a contraband camp ture his bondsmen by force. With the aid of the U. 5. deputy Colonial Revival gardens, nature trails and riverfront. Groups of 10 or more by appointment. Donation requested. at Point Lookout, located just outside of a prisoner-of-war marshal, the Gorsuch party tracked down the whereabouts Admission. Guided tours May- October, Tues. - Sat. 12207Tulip Grove Drive, Bowie, MD 20715.301 -809-3089. camp where United States Colored Troops were assigned FREDERICK DOUGLASS Freedom of the runaways in Christiana. There they encountered armed 10 a.m. - 4 p.m., and Sun. Noon - 4 p.m, with the last tour www.cityofbowie.org/comserv/museums.asp to guard Confederate prisoners. The fourth site is the view & Heritage Trail & Tour Walk resistance, led by Roedown's William Parker, to taking the free­ each day at 3 p.m. Self-guided tours of grounds year-round. from Point Lookout Creek, where on April 15,1848, the through historic Fells Point in Baltimore dom seekers back to Maryland. In the ensuing fracas in a farm­ 44300 Sotterley Lane, Rt. 245 N, Hollywood, MD 20636. BELLE VUE Phebe Myers, a free black spinner re­ schooner Pearl, under the command of Daniel Drayton, and see Underground Railroad stations, house hideaway, Edward Gorsuch was killed and his son was 301 -373-2280. www.sotterley.org siding on Maryland's Eastern Shore, helped seven en­ was captured with 77 freedom seekers onboard. Visit the locations associated with Baltimore O wounded. Not open to public. View site from the main road. slaved individuals seek freedom from the Belle Vue Farm lighthouse, earthworks, fortifications, and graveyards, and abolitionists and sites of resistance. 15910 York Road, Verona, MD 21152. near Wye Island in August 1855. The party included her chil­ explore reconstructed barracks and officer's quarters. ,THETHORNTON POOLE HOUSEThis is the Stop at the places where Frederick dren and grandchildren. Richard Bennett Carmichael, who Historic programs offered seasonally. Open 6 a.m. - sunset. ©' escape site of 12 members of the enslaved Aldridge Douglass lived, worked, worshiped, and learned how had freed "Phebe" in 1839, was their slaveholder.The fugi­ GRANTHAM & FORREST FARM Benjamin Admission. 11175 Point Lookout Road, Scotland, MD family, all of whom left at various times in the 1850s. William to read, and where he later returned to build five historic tives were apprehended and Myers was indicted for "har­ © Tillotson (AbramTilison) escaped from enslavement here 20687.301872-5688. Still, the famous abolitionist and Underground Railroad townhouses. Admission. BBH Tours, P.O. Box 3014, Balti­ boring and assisting slaves to run away." Less than six in 1857 during a camp revival meeting. Tillotson feared being www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/southern/pointlookout.html conductor, recorded their story as told by family members more, MD 21229.410-783-5469. www.bbhtours.com months after her sentencing, Queen Anne's County leaders, sold to slave traders from Georgia upon the death of his master and a friend who arrived in Philadelphia in 1857. The Aldridge including Judge Philomen B. Hopper and Carmichael, suc­ and plantation owner, Samuel Jarman. Tillotson narrowly family's story expresses the motivations for escaping from IN THEIR STEPS: A Guided Walking Tour PORT TOBACCO cessfully petitioned the Governor for her pardon. This case escaped slave catchers who relentlessly pursued him. Today, slavery, particularly the fear of being sold away from family Hear about the life of Josiah Henson (the model for COURTHOUSE This © illustrates the complicated nature of relations among slave Grantham and Forrest Farm is privately owned and not open to and loved ones to Southern slave traders. The site is a private the title character of Uncle Tom's Cabin) who risked all reconstructed courthouse is holders, their bondsmen and free African Americans. The site the public. View site from the road. 31245 Chesterville Bridge residence on Glissans Mill Road near Linganore and is not for freedom and whose autobiography inspired Harriet the trial site of two African is a private residence near Queenstown and is not open to Rd., Millington, MD 21651. For more information, contact Kent open to the public. Beecher Stowe. Find out about the young Ann Maria Americans who were arrested the public. For more information, contact Stories of the County Office of Tourism. 410-778-0416. www.kentcounty.com Weems, who escaped slavery in Rockville by dressing as for aiding in the flight of more Chesapeake Heritage Area. 410-778-1460. a coachman. Learn about two sisters from a prominent than 30 armed freedom seek­ www.storiesofthechesapeake.org HAMPTON PROGRAMS Rockville family who exemplify the differences between ers from Southern Maryland in 1845. Today, Port Tobacco is NATIONAL slave holders. Contact Peerless Rockville Historic a National Register Historic District with a courthouse mu­ BERRY FARM This farm HISTORIC SITE ADVENTURES OF HARRIET Preservation, Ltd., P.O. Box 4262, Rockville, MD 20849. seum and several surviving 18,h-century buildings. The site was once a 1,300-acre plan­ Hampton was the TUBMAN AND THE UNDER­ 301 -762-0096. www.peerlessrockville.org hosts ongoing archaeological investigations http://portto tation near the Potomac heart of a 25,000- GROUND RAILROAD AT bacco.blogspot.com Outdoor exhibits. Museum open by River. One escape involved acre commercial, in­ BLACKWATER Travel by boat REGINALD F. LEWIS MUSEUM appointment. 7215 Chapel Point Road (off Rte 6 West), Thomas Berry's enslaved dustrial, and agricul­ or bicycle along the banks and OF MARYLAND AFRICAN Port Tobacco, MD 20677.301 -934-4313. shoemaker, Jacob Shaw, tural estate supported by indentured and enslaved labor. Family rivers of Blackwater National AMERICAN HISTORY & CUL­ who fled during the fall of records reveal attempts by enslaved people to flee from Hamp­ Wildlife Refuge. Explore waterways that Harriet Tubman TURE Discover the stories of Josiah PRESIDENT STREET 1840. The fields are now part of Oxon Cove Park, a working ton. African-American life, labor, and resistance is interpreted used to lead escapes on the Underground Railroad. Four Henson, Maria Weems, Thomas STATION This station was farm that offers programs and exhibits on the history of the through the site's structures, including slave quarters, post Civil themed-tour itineraries available. Guided tours available Smallwood and others who escaped part of the Philadelphia, farm's enslaved labor and their escapes. Open 8 a.m. - 4:30 War tenant farmers' quarters, landscapes, and other cultural by appointment for a fee. Bucktown Village Store, 4303 slavery. Explore the museum's interactive display about the Wilmington & Baltimore Rail­ p.m. Oxon Cove Farm, 6411 Oxon Hill Road, Oxon Hill, MD resources. Open 9:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. daily Memorial Day through Bucktown Rd., Cambridge, MD 21613.410 901 -9255. choices, challenges and consequences faced by freedom road and became part of an 20745.301 -839-1176. www.nps.gov/oxhi October. Open 9:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. Wed. - Sun. November www.blackwaterpaddleandpedal.com seekers. Admission. Open Tues. - Saturday 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. through May. 535 Hampton Lane.Towson, MD 21286. ambitious Underground Rail­ Sunday Noon - 5:00 p.m. 830 E. Pratt St. Baltimore, MD road network with activists in BEST FARM 410-823-1309.www.nps.gov/hamp BANNEKER-DOUGLASS 21202.443-263-1800. www.africanamericanculture.org Baltimore, Wilmington, Philadelphia and beyond who se­ L'HERMITAGE MUSEUM Located inside the cured passage for freedom seekers. Like Frederick Douglass, The Best Farm, now part JACOB & HANNAH LEV­ historic Mt. Moriah A.M.E. Church , THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD many carried forged freedom passes, or like Harriet Eglin, of Monocacy National ERTON DWELLING in Annapolis, the exhibit, Deep EXPERIENCE TRAIL Formerly the Rural Legacy wore disguises. Visit the exhibits housed in the train depot, ©; Battlefield, was once part The Leverton House was a major , Rising Waters Trail, this trail commemorates the involvement of and learn about freedom seekers who rode the train. Open of a 748-acre plantation Underground Railroad stop in celebrates African-American life in Montgomery County residents in the Underground by appointment. Group tours with reservation. President known as L'Hermitage. Established by theVincendieres, the region. Jacob and Hannah Maryland. Exhibits also highlight the contributions of key Un­ Railroad and celebrates the Quaker heritage and tradi­ Street Station, 601 President St., Baltimore, MD 21202. a family of French planters from the Caribbean, 50- 90 Leverton provided a safe haven derground Railroad figures such as Harriet Tubman, Frederick tions of Sandy Spring. Learn the various ways that 410-461-9377 African- American slaves worked this plantation in the in their home to fleeing slaves. Douglass and others. Open Tues. - Sat. 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. Guid­ fleeing slaves used to elude capture. Pick up a self- 1 S^and 19* centuries. At least two of those slaves fled for After Jacob's death in 1847, his son, Arthur, provided protection ed tours available for a fee. 84 Franklin St., Annapolis, MD guided trail map at the trailhead atWoodlawn Manor RILEY FARM/UNCLE TOM'S freedom. The Best family began farming the property in the and aided runaways. Exposed as Underground Railroad agents 21401.410-216-6180. www.bdmuseum.com and follow the freedom seeker symbols. This 2-mile CABIN The Riley House is associ­ 1830s. One of their slaves escaped in 1850. Visit the farm, in 1858, Arthur and Daniel Hubbard, a free black neighbor, fled trail is natural surface and includes interpretive sign ated with Josiah Henson, whose purchase a brochure, or tour Monocacy National Battlefield. for their lives ahead of a local mob seeking revenge for an HARRIET TUBMAN UNDERGROUND RAIL­ markers keyed to a map. The map is also available on memoir inspired Harriet Beecher Open 8:30 a. m. - 5 p.m. daily, except New Year's, Thanksgiving escape attempt. This private residence is not open to the public. ROAD BYWAY -Finding a Way to Freedom the website. Woodlawn Manor Cultural Park, 16501 Stowe's landmark novel, Uncle ©! and Christmas. 4801 Urbana Pike, Frederick, MD 21704. View the site from the main road. 3531 Seaman Road, Driving Tour Explore the Eastern Shore of Maryland with Norwood Road, Sandy Spring, MD 20860.301 -650-4373. Tom's Cabin. Henson lived and 301 -662-3515. www.nps.gov/mono Preston, MD 21655. Harriet Tubman, one of the most famous Underground Rail­ http://mc-mncppc.org/trails/trails_maps.shtm worked as an enslaved African American from 1795 to 1830 road conductors. After taking her own liberty in on the Riley farm. The existing building is the late 18th -ear­ JEFFERSON 1849, Tubman returned to this area to bring CAMP STANTON This ly Riley home with its log kitchen wing. Hen­ & MUSEUM Situated on the Patux­ away about 70 family members and friends. former Union encampment son describes his experience of sleeping in a room similar to FACILITIES ent River and St. Leonard Creek, this state Drive along the 125-mile self-guided tour and was established in 1863 this one in his memoir. This may have been the same kitchen for the recruitment and museum of history and archaeology I experience exhibits, landscapes, homes and where Henson slept. Many of his experiences living en­ home sites, meeting houses and courthouses training of black soldiers, interprets the diverse cultures of the CATOCTIN CENTER FOR slaved on the Riley property are vividly depicted in his that illustrate the life and work of Harriet Tub­ some who had recently Chesapeake Bay region. The Battle of ^ Government autobiography. Henson eventually escaped to Canada, via man. Track her escape routes and the paths of © REGIONAL STUDIES The escaped their own St. Leonard Creek, a War of 1812 naval engagement, occurred "records, newspapers and special collections provide the Underground Railroad, where he established a fugitive other freedom seekers through fields, forests, waterways, and center researches the history of this ©: enslavement. Now empty fields, imagine the thousands of here and is retold in the of Charles Ball, who fled historical resources specific to slavery and freedom in slave settlement and became an abolitionist, speaker and roads that brought them to the safe homes and hiding places region, including African-American and THE DOVER EIGHT dedicated soldiers of the 7th, 9th, 19th, and 30th regiments north to freedom. Two enslaved people from this site enlisted in Maryland. The Archives hosts an interactive web site writer. The site is currently closed to the public while under­ of black and white Underground Railroad agents. Information Underground Railroad activities, and the life of the United States Colored Troops who organized here to the Union Army and became free. The Visitor Center offers exhibits, entitled Beneath the Underground: The Flight In March of 1857, a group going restoration. 11420 Old Georgetown Road, Rockville, and self-guided driving brochure available from the fight for the Union cause during the Civil War. An African- re-enactments, events and demonstrations. Open April 15 - of freedom seeker J.W.C. Pennington. Frederick to Freedom, which focuses on stories of many freedom of eight slaves fled from MD 20852.301-650-4373. Dorchester Visitor Center at Sailwinds Park East, open American heritage paddling trail along the Patuxent River November 1, Wed. - Sun. 10 a.m. - 5 p.m. 410-586-8501. Community College, open by appointment. 7932 Opos- seekers and their accomplices, www.mdslavery.net Dorchester County, only to 8:30 a.m. - 5 p.m. 2 Rose Hill Place, Cambridge, MD 21613. visits the site. The site may be viewed from the south side of www.jefpat.org sumtown Pike, Frederick, MD 21702.301-624-2773. Open Wed. - Fri. 8 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., Sat. 8:30 a.m. -12 p.m. ROCKLAND -James W. C. 410-228-1000, or 800-522-8687. www.tourdorchester.org be betrayed by a former black Route 231, Prince Frederick Road, Hughesville, MD 20637. http://catoctincenter.frederick.edu andl p.m.-4:30 p.m. Closed first Saturday every month Pennington One of the most www.tourchesapeakecountry.com Underground Railroad agent www.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/aapaxstanton.html MARIETTA HOUSE The lure and every Saturday preceded or followed by a holiday. prominent African-American named Thomas Otwell and of Washington, D.C, with its signifi­ JANE C. SWEEN LIBRARY, MONTGOMERY 350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis, MD 21401.800-235-4045 leaders of the 19th century es­ his white accomplice. The CATOCTIN IRON cant free black population and ample FREDERICK DOUGLASS DRIVING TOUR COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Government (MD only), or 410-260-6401. www.mdsa.net caped here in 1827. Pennington © FURNACE & MANOR hiding places tempted nearby enslaved OF TALBOT COUNTY Frederick Douglass was and family records reveal much about the patterns of slave- $3,000 reward for the capture described his life at Rockland © HOUSE RUINS people to run away. Between 1814 born into slavery in Talbot County. He later escaped and be­ holding in Montgomery County and establish social and cul­ SOUTHERN MARYLAND STUDIES of the Dover Eight, as and his dramatic escape in his 1849 autobiography, Established by the Johnson and 1859, three slaves fled Marietta came one of the leading Americans in the Abolition Move­ tural context for the Underground Railroad. The collection CENTER The College of Southern Maryland pro­ these freedom seekers The Fugitive Blacksmith. Against all odds, Pennington © family in 1776, this site House, the plantation home of Gabriel Duvall, an associate justice ment. His eloquent words inspired many whites to work on includes county antebellum tax lists, probate records, and vides resources with information on slavery, freedom, and became known, was too became a powerful Presbyterian minister, abolitionist, civil depicts the iron-making of the Supreme Court. Judge Duvall wrote the Supreme Court the Underground Railroad. This self-guided driving tour of census records, county newspapers with fugitive slave no­ the culture and development of Southern Maryland from rights activist, and Underground Railroad agent. Built in tempting for Otwell. process, highlighting the role of industrial slavery in building opinion that slaves could testify in court. Marietta House now Talbot County gives the visitor an overview of Frederick tices, sales of slaves and other related information. Books, the colonial period forward. The Center is located at the 1803, the main house at Rockland is a private residence Sometimes even Underground the nation. The Johnsons' employed some free black labor, operates as an historic house museum. Open Fri. - Sun. Douglass' early life at 14 sites. It was here that he learned manuscripts and oral histories enhance the collections. The college's La Plata Campus in the Library Building, Room not open to the public. View site from the main road. Railroad agents could not be and they were the largest slaveholders in Frederick County 12 noon - 4 p. m. Group tours by appointment. Admission. what it meant to be a slave and that it was possible to library created a teaching unit on the Underground Railroad LR211. Open Monday - Thursday 8 a.m. -10 p.m., Friday 9030 Sharpsburg Pike, Fairplay, MD 21733. trusted. during their ownership of the furnace. At least one 5626 Bell Station Road, Glenn Dale, MD 20769. 301 -464-5291. escape. Information and self-guided driving brochure for 5th and 6th graders in Montgomery County public and 8 a.m. - 4 p.m., Saturday 9 a.m. - 4 p.m., Sunday 12-4 p.m. www.pgparks.com/places/eleganthistoric/mariettaJntro.html available from the Historical Society of Talbot County, open private schools. Open Tues.- Sat. 10 a.m - 4 p.m. 142 W. Hours subject to change. Please call to confirm. enslaved man attempted escape in 1780. Visitors see the Ad for Thomas Elliot and Denard (Denwood) Hughes, who were among the Mon.-Sat. 10 a.m.-4 p.m. 25 S.Washington St., Easton, MD Middle Lane, Rockville, MD 20850.301 -340-2825 charcoal-fired stone furnace, a re-created casting shed 8730 Mitchell Road, P.O. Box 910, La Plata, MD 20646. 'Dover Eight'; Cambridge Democratic newspaper, March 18,1857, courtesy 21601.410 822-0773. www.hstc.org/toursandmuseum.htm and the ruins of the manor house. Information about a http://montgomeryhistory.org 301 -934-7626, ext. 7107. www.csmd.edu/library/smsc of Kate Clifford Larson, Ph.D. self-guided walking tour is available at Cunningham Falls State Park's Visitor Center. 14039 Catoctin Hollow Road, Thurmont, MD 21788.301 -271 -7574. The furnace is on Route 806 within the park. Open 8 a.m. to sunset, April through October, and 10 a.m. to sunset, November through March. http://.dnr.state.md.us/publiclands/western/ cunninghamfalls.html

PHOTO CREDITS: Landscape illustration-Jessie Johnson; No.1, William L.Chaplin-from "The Case of William L. No. 9, Choptank River - courtesy of Natalie Chabot; No.10, Dorchester County Courthouse - courtesy of Dorchester No.22, Port Tobacco Court House - courtesy of Charles County Office of Tourism; No.23, - Copy No.30, Adventures of Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad at Blackwater - courtesy of Dorchester County Chaplin" published in Boston by the Chaplin Committee, 1851; No. 2, Arthur Leverton's House-courtesy of Caroline County Tourism Dept; No.11, Ferry Hill Plantation-courtesy of the National Park Service; No. 14, Hampton National from original owned by the Maryland Historical Society, no reproduction without permission; No.24, Riley Farm/Uncle Tourism; No.31, Banneker-Douglass Museum - photo by Amelia Harris; No.32, Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad County Historical Society; No. 3, Belair Mansion-courtesy of the City of Bowie Museums; No. 5, Berry Farm - artwork Historic Site - courtesy of National Park Service; 15, Jacob & Hannah Leverton Dwelling-courtesy of Robert E.Jarrell; Tom's Cabin - courtesy of Montgomery Parks, M-NCPPC; No.25, Rockland - from an Illustrated Atlas of Washington Byway-Tubman photo courtesy of Cayuga Museum of History & Art; No.34, Frederick Douglass Freedom & Heritage Trai by Billy Rash, courtesy of National Park Service; No. 6, Best Farm L'Hermitage - courtesy of the National Park Service; No. 16, Jefferson Patterson Parks Museum-courtesy of Jefferson Patterson Parks Museum; No.17, Marietta House- County (Philadelphia, 1877), courtesy of Washington County Free Library; No.26, Roedown - courtesy of Kunta Kinte- & Tour - Frederick Douglass painting by Hughie Lee-Smith, courtesy of Banneker-Douglass Museum's Fine Art Collection No. 7, Camp Stanton - Company of the 4,h United States Colored Troops, courtesy of the Library of Congress LC-B8171 - M-NCPPC photo by Steve Abramowitz; No.18, Maryland State House-photo by Tim Tadder; No.19, Mount Clare- Alex Haley Foundation photo collection, Lenora Calvin, photographer; No.27, Shawnee Oldfield Village - TheTowneof No.36, the Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History & Culture - courtesy of the museum; 7890; No. 8, Catoctin Iron Furnace & Manor House Ruins - courtesy of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources; courtesy of Mount Clare Museum House; No.20, Old Jail House of St. Mary's County - courtesy of St. Mary's County Pomeioc, 1590 Village - from de Bry, courtesy of The John Carter Brown Library at Brown University; No.28, Sotterley No.38, Catoctin Center for Regional Studies - James W. C. Pennington portrait courtesy of Wesleyan University Press Tourism; Slave Cabin - courtesy of Sotterley Foundation;