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OBITUARY MEDICAL JOURNAL 567 and Down the Country, He Ensured the Success of This the First Strictly Controlled Clinical Investigation in Tuber- Obituary Culosis

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OBITUARY MEDICAL JOURNAL 567 and Down the Country, He Ensured the Success of This the First Strictly Controlled Clinical Investigation in Tuber- Obituary Culosis BRumS MARCH 7, 1953 OBITUARY MEDICAL JOURNAL 567 and down the country, he ensured the success of this the first strictly controlled clinical investigation in tuber- Obituary culosis. Further trials followed, and the Committee's reports, prepared for it by Daniels, rolled forth: on " Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis " MARC DANIELS, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.H. (1948), " Streptomycin Treatment of Tuberculous Dr. Marc Daniels, a member of the Medical Research Meningitis" (1948), "Treatment of Pulmonary Tuber- Council's scientific staff, in its Tuberculosis Research culosis with Streptomycin and P.A.S." (1950), " Preven- Unit, died in Westminster Hospital on March 3 after tion of Streptomycin Resistance by Combined Chemo- an illness borne with great courage. In the first therapy" (1952). Collating data from each of these, rank of research workers in human tuberculosis, his he published in 1952 a personal paper in collaboratiofn reputation was steadily increasing, both here and abroad. with Professor Bradford Hill (" Chemotherapy of Pul- He was 46 years of age. -monary Tuberculosis in Young Adults "). This series Educated at Manchester Grammar School and Uni- of tiials, many of them published in the British Medical versity, where he took a B.Sc., Daniels was intended Journal, attracted world-wide attention, and the results for a career in textiles; but after a short experience' ,A-ere generally accepted as providing a sound basis for of commerce he decided that his interests lay in medi- clinical chemotherapeutic management. More than cine. He qualified M.D. in Paris in 1936, worked in this, the methods developed constituted an advance in a French tuberculosis sanatorium, and in 1937, at the the evaluation of new drugs, not only in tuberculosis age of 30, took the Scottish Triple Conjoint. The next but also in other acute and chronic diseases. Daniels two years were occupied by a house post in Hereford, was invited to lecture and advise in France, Scandinavia, experience in the North-Western Fever Hospital, and the U.S.A., and elsewhere, and the methodology of the in working for the London University Diploma in trials was codified in his paper in the British Medical Public Health. He was then for two years assistant Bulletin (1951) and in his contribution to the Collo- medical officer of health and tuberculosis officer in quium on the Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis held by Lincolnshire (Kesteven), where his preference for group the M.R.C. of Ireland in 1951. He was a member of to individual medicine became established. This statis- the Streptomycin Subcommittee of the World Health tical approach, combined with a growing interest in Organization's Expert Committee on Tuberculosis. In research, led, by a chance trail, to his appointment in the last year of his life he was mainly occupied with 1942 as the third in a line of Scholars to the Prophit the M.R.C.'s trials of isoniazid, and to him goes the Tuberculosis Survey, Royal College of Physicians. He major credit for the speed and efficiency with which held this post until 1945, the work culminating in the they were initiated and sustained, under a new design important Prophit report on Tuberculosis in Young requiring monthly reports for each patient and a con- Adults, in the preparation of which Daniels himself tinual analysis of the data. As a result, a first report, played a major part. This report threw new light on " Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Isoniazid," the epidemiology of tuberculosis in young persons could be published no more than six months from the exposed to special contact risks, particularly nurses, and start; a second report appears in our opening pages led to practical improvements in tuberculosis control this week. With the more recent stages of this work he among hospital staff. In this connexion, too, Daniels maintained a close contact and intense interest in spite of gave valuable assistance in the official deliberations that his illness, giving helpful criticism to the junior colleague resulted in 1951 in the inclusion of tuberculosis in nurses upon whom, in his absence, its main brunt fell. as an industrial disease. Daniels was secretary of the M.R.C.'s Tuberculin In 1945 the appalling post-war incidence of tuber- Survey Committee and of its Tuberculosis Vaccines culosis in Europe led Daniels to join the staff of Clinical Trials Committee. Under the former, he Unrra, and he spent nearly two years as a tuber- analysed the results of a national survey of tuberculin culosis consultant in Italy, Poland, Czechoslovakia, sensitivity at various ages based on 95,000 children Austria, and Germany. Some of his observations were and young people in England and Wales, and prepared presented in his Milroy Lectures on "Tuberculosis in the report (1952); under the latter committee, he was Post-War Europe," given to the Royal College of Physi- from 1950 onwards taking the main responsibility for cians in 1949. He had become a Member of the College developing and co-ordinating the current large-scale in 1948. trials of B.C.G. and Vole bacillus vaccines among over In 1946 streptomycin was introduced into this 50,000 school-leavers in the Home Counties and the country as the first agent to show real promise in the Birmingham and Manchester areas. treatment of tuberculosis. With memories of past Daniels was frequently called upon by other bodies false hopes raised for gold and other remedies on the for his knowledge of epidemiology and tuberculosis basis of subjective impressions of small series of mixed control. In 1947, with Dr. D'Arcy Hart, he visited the cases, it was essential to assess precisely and rapidly the British Zone of Germany and Berlin at the request of real value of the antibiotic. The Medical Research the Foreign Office, to investigate the prevalence of tuber- Council promptly set up a special committee, under culosis, which was alleged to be rising rapidly. Their the chairmanship of Dr. (now Sir) Geoffrey Marshall, report (1948) concluded that these fears were unfounded, and Daniels was invited to take charge of the practical and were due largely to the sad state of German co-ordination of its controlled clinical trials. He joined morbidity statistics ; they gave an optimistic forecast the group that later became the Council's Tuberculosis of the tuberculosis trends, which has since proved Research Unit and threw himself into the work with correct. In 1951 and 1952 he investigated the tuber- characteristic zest. It suited him admirably; and with culosis situation in displaced persons' camps in Trieste, the collaboration of Professor Bradford Hill in the on behalf of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees statistical design of the trials, and the wholehearted and W.H.O., and recommended improvements. He co-operation of clinicians and laboratory workers up visited Poland and Yugoslavia for the British Council. OBITUARY BaMSn 568 MARCH 7, 1953 MEDICAL JOURN,L Into the short 15 years of his medical career, burgh, and at the University of Glasgow, where he Daniels thus crowded a host of valuable activities. He graduated M.B., Ch.B. in 1905. Entering the Royal worked with tremendous intensity, coupled with strict Navy as a surgeon lieutenant in the following year, he accuracy-" ruthless objectivity " a colleague once saw service in H.M.S. Hibernia and Cumberland, and described it. A somewhat spartan approach to life at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, and the Royal helped him in many situations, not least in his illness. Marines Depot, Deal. It was while at Osborne that His enthusiasm extended beyond his work; he was a he first met Prince Albert, later King George VI, and discriminating critic of painting and the theatre, and thus began a friendship which was ended only by the himself acted, photographed, and modelled with skill, death of His Majesty last year. After Prince Albert's and even took up the flute. He was not easy to get serious illness in 1917 Greig did much to restore him to know intimately, but those who did recognized his to health, and by example and encouragement he played charm and warmth and the variety of his interests. his part in moulding the Prince's character. Children were attracted to him and he loved their com- Greig was serving with the Royal Marines Brigade pany. Daniels had been a sincere socialist for many when he was taken prisoner by the Germans in October, years, and his abhorrence of the effects of war led him 1914, but, under the arrangement for the exchange of to join the Medical Association for the Prevention of naval prisoners of war, he was repatriated in September, War. He married, first, Anne Burgess in 1940, and 1915, in time to witness the Battle of Jutland from the there are two daughters, aged 8 and 1 1; in 1949 he crow's nest of Jellicoe's flagship. In April, 1918, he married Kay Graw, who had been a fellow-worker transferred to the Royal Air Force with the rank of in Unrra. major, later becomning. group captain. After the war Greig was to We are indebted to Professor A. BRADFORD HILL for the Comptroller the Duke of York, as Prince following appreciation: In a leading article, published in Albert had ngw become, from 1920 to 1923, and he the British Medical Journal nearly five years ago, comment- was Gentleman Usher in Ordinary to King George V ing upon the Medical Research Council's first controlled from 1924 to 1936 and Extra Gentleman Usher to King trial of streptomycin in pulmonary tuberculosis, it was sug- George VI from 1937 until His Majesty's death.
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