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A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers

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A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers SG24-4805-00 A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers October 1996 IBML International Technical Support Organization SG24-4805-00 A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers October 1996 Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix B, “Special Notices” on page 305. First Edition (October 1996) This edition applies to Version 4.1 of IBM Internet Connection Server. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. HZ8 Building 678 P.O. Box 12195 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2195 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1996. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Preface . vii How This Redbook Is Organized ........................... vii The Team That Wrote This Redbook ........................ viii Comments Welcome . viii Chapter 1. The Internet Connection Family ..................... 1 Chapter 2. Internet Concepts . 5 2.1 TCP/IP . 5 2.1.1 TCP/IP Layers . 6 2.1.2 Request for Comments (RFC) ........................ 6 2.1.3 TCP/IP Operation . 6 2.1.4 Applications . 7 2.1.5 Transport Layer . 10 2.1.6 Internet Layer . 10 2.1.7 Network Layer . 11 2.2 HTTP . 12 2.3 HTML . 14 2.3.1 HTML Characteristics . 14 2.3.2 Creating an HTML Document ........................ 14 2.3.3 HTML Tags . 15 2.3.4 Sample Document . 29 2.3.5 Netscape-Specific Extensions . 30 2.3.6 Microsoft Internet-Specific Extensions .................. 31 2.3.7 Creating Effective Online Information ................... 31 2.3.8 HTML Editing Tools .............................. 34 2.3.9 Icons and Cliparts ............................... 35 2.3.10 Best of the Web ............................... 35 2.4 Security . 36 2.4.1 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) ......................... 37 2.4.2 Secure HyperText Transport Protocol (S-HTTP) ............. 37 2.5 Firewalls ....................................... 38 2.5.1 Proxy Servers . 40 2.5.2 SOCKS Servers . 40 2.6 Gateways . 41 2.6.1 DB2 WWW Connection ............................ 42 2.6.2 CICS Internet Gateway ............................ 42 2.6.3 MQSeries Internet Gateway ......................... 43 2.6.4 IMS Internet Gateway ............................. 43 2.7 Java . 43 2.8 Application Programming Interfaces ...................... 44 2.8.1 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) ..................... 45 2.8.2 Server-Side Include (SSI) .......................... 45 2.8.3 Proprietary Application Programming Interface (API) .......... 45 2.8.4 How to Choose a Programming Interface ................. 46 Chapter 3. Web Browsers . 47 3.1 The Principles of Browsing ............................ 47 3.1.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol ......................... 47 3.1.2 The Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) ........... 52 3.1.3 HTML . 53 Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 iii 3.2 The Features of a Good Web Browser ..................... 53 3.2.1 Protocols . 53 3.2.2 HTML . 54 3.2.3 Java ....................................... 54 3.2.4 JavaScript . 54 3.2.5 ActiveX . 55 3.2.6 Security . 55 3.2.7 Network Security . 55 3.3 Available Browsers . 56 3.3.1 IBM WebExplorer . 56 3.3.2 Netscape Navigator . 56 3.3.3 Other Browsers and Ways to Surf the Net ................ 56 Chapter 4. Internet Connection Servers - Installation and Configuration ... 59 4.1 Standard Functions . 59 4.2 New Functions . 60 4.3 Export Version Restrictions ............................ 61 4.4 Do I Need a Secure Server? ........................... 61 4.4.1 Security Needs ................................. 61 4.4.2 What Mechanisms Provide Security? ................... 62 4.4.3 No Confidential Data on Your Web Server ................ 63 4.5 Installing an Internet Connection Server .................... 63 4.5.1 AIX . 65 4.5.2 MVS/ESA . 71 4.5.3 AS/400 . 76 4.5.4 OS/2 Warp . 80 4.5.5 Windows NT . 90 4.6 Configuration . 96 4.6.1 Editing the HTTPD Configuration File ................... 96 4.6.2 Using the Configuration and Administration Forms .......... 100 4.6.3 How We Configured Our Server ..................... 103 4.6.4 Key and Certificate Management ..................... 133 4.6.5 Proxy Functions . 139 4.6.6 Tuning the Server .............................. 144 4.6.7 Backup Procedures . 147 4.6.8 Logging Procedures . 148 4.6.9 AS/400 HTTP Server Configuration and Operation .......... 165 Chapter 5. Establishing a Presence on the Internet ............... 183 5.1 What May Be Presented on the Web? .................... 183 5.2 Why Should I Establish a Presence on the Web? .............. 183 5.3 Can I Save Costs by Having a Web Presence? ............... 184 5.4 Designing Your Web Page ........................... 184 5.4.1 Text and Graphics Web Pages ...................... 184 5.4.2 Form Web Pages .............................. 189 5.5 Searching the Internet .............................. 190 5.5.1 Search Engines . 190 5.5.2 Worms, Spiders and Robots ........................ 191 5.6 Using URLs . 192 5.7 Example of Building a Presence on the Internet .............. 192 5.7.1 The ABC Corporation Pages ....................... 192 5.8 Changing Your Document Root Directory .................. 195 5.9 Enhancing Your Web Server .......................... 196 5.9.1 Clickable Image Maps - Shapes ..................... 196 5.9.2 Clickable Image Maps - World Map ................... 200 iv A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers 5.9.3 Animated Pages - Love All, Serve All .................. 205 5.9.4 Server-Side Includes - Gods of Greek Mythology ........... 209 Chapter 6. Establishing an Active Presence on the Internet .......... 217 6.1 CGI Scripts ..................................... 217 6.1.1 Selecting Your Programming Language ................. 218 6.1.2 Programming Languages . 219 6.1.3 Using Environment Variables - Welcome ................ 220 6.1.4 Using Environment Variables - Switch .................. 225 6.1.5 Linking to a CGI Script - Calendar .................... 228 6.1.6 Building On-The-Fly Pages - The Simpsons .............. 234 6.1.7 Processing Forms - Calendar ....................... 239 6.1.8 Configuration and Administration Forms ................ 248 6.1.9 OS/400 CGI - ITSO Company ....................... 253 6.2 API Applications . 274 6.2.1 API Development Rules and Principles ................. 274 6.2.2 ICAPI Samples . 275 6.2.3 Using APIs versus Using CGIs ...................... 288 Chapter 7. Enhancing Your Web Site with Java Applications ......... 291 7.1 Java - Choosing a Presidential Candidate .................. 291 7.1.1 Configuration . 292 7.1.2 Considerations . 292 7.1.3 Using the Application ............................ 293 Appendix A. Two Simple Browsers and One Simple Server .......... 299 A.1 A Basic REXX Browser ............................. 299 A.1.1 The Basic Agent .............................. 299 A.1.2 The Basic Browser ............................. 300 A.2 A Basic Java Browser .............................. 301 A.3 A Basic REXX Server .............................. 302 Appendix B. Special Notices . 305 Appendix C. Related Publications . 309 C.1 International Technical Support Organization Publications ........ 309 C.2 Redbooks on CD-ROMs ............................. 309 How To Get ITSO Redbooks ............................. 311 How IBM Employees Can Get ITSO Redbooks .................. 311 How Customers Can Get ITSO Redbooks ..................... 312 IBM Redbook Order Form .............................. 313 Index . 315 Contents v vi A Guide to the Internet Connection Servers Preface This redbook provides detailed coverage of the IBM Internet Connection Server family of products. In particular, it focuses on the product′s implementation on multiple platforms. This redbook was written for Web site administrators and Internet specialists who need to evaluate and implement the Internet Connection Server. Many practical examples are presented that demonstrate how the Internet Connection Server can be used to establish a presence and engage in electronic commerce on the Internet. Some knowledge of TCP/IP and the Internet is assumed. However, for the less knowledgeable reader, we have included a chapter that covers basic concepts. How This Redbook Is Organized The redbook is organized as follows: • Chapter 1, “The Internet Connection Family” This chapter provides an introduction to the Internet Connection family of products. • Chapter 2, “Internet Concepts” This chapter provides an overview of Internet concepts. • Chapter 3, “Web Browsers” This chapter covers the protocols and functions included in the most widely used Web browsers. • Chapter 4, “Internet Connection Servers - Installation and Configuration” This chapter covers installation and configuration of the Internet Connection server on a selection of the supported platforms. • Chapter 5, “Establishing a Presence on the Internet” This chapter covers the use of the Internet Connection server in establishing a presence on the Internet. • Chapter 6, “Establishing an Active Presence on the Internet” This chapter covers the use of the Internet Connection server in establishing an active presence on the Internet. • Chapter 7, “Enhancing Your Web Site with Java Applications” This chapter provides a practical example of
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