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'. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. VOL. L. NO. 7. MAY 1890. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE EOYAL ASTKONOMICAL SOCIETY. *** Fellows are informed that, in accordance with a Resolu- VOL. L. MAY 9, 1890. No. 7 tion of the Council, an advertisement will be inserted in the Times newspaper before each evening meeting of the Society, giving the titles of the papers which have been received up to that Lieut.-General J. F. TENNANT, C.I.E., R.E., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. date, and which the Secretaries consider suitable for publication. John "William Aldridge, 14 Hansford Street, Hackney Road, KB.; Thomas William Brownell, 26 Lincroft Street, Moss Side, In order to enable the Secretaries to prepare complete lists in Manchester ; time for the advertisement, authors are particularly requested to George Cunies, F.R G.S., Huntingdon House School, Ted- dington ; send in their papers not later than the Tuesday preceding the George Henderson, M.R.A.S., &c, Oveuden, Sevenoaks ; Frank Robbing, 154 Oakley Street, Chelsea, S.W., day of meeting. were balloted for and duly elected Fellows of the Society. The following candidates were proposed for election, the names of the proposers from personal knowledge being appended :— Robert Isaac Finnemore, J.P., F.R.Hist.Soc, Durban, Natal (proposed by P. Edward Dove) ; William Friese-Greene, Photographer, 92 Piccadilly, W. (proposed by James Glaisher) ; George Higgs, 467 West Derby Road, Liverpool (proposed by A. Cowper Ranyard) ; Neville Holden, Solicitor, High Street, Lancaster (proposed by Squire T. S. Lecky) ; Harold Jacoby, B.A., Columbia College Observatory, New York City, U.S.A. (proposed by David Gill). r 6£ • 378 Mean Areas and Heliographic May 1890. Latitudes of Sun-spots. 379 Mean Areas and Heliographic Latitudes of Sun-spots in the Year TABLE II. 1889, deduced from Photographs taken at Greenwich, at Dehra No. of Days on Mean of Daily Areas. Year. which Photographs Projected. Corrected for Foreshortening. Bun (India), and in Mauritius. were taken. TJmbrœ. Whole Spots. Faculse. TJmbrœ. Whole Spots. Faculœ. (Communicated by the Astronomer Royal.) 1889 360 17-9 103 I07 I3'I 78-0 131 The rotations in Table I. and Table III. are numbered in The results here given are in continuation of those printed continuation of Carrington's series (Observations of Solar Spots in the Monthly Notices, vol. xlix. p. 380, and are deduced from made at Redhill by R. C. Carrington, F.R.S.), No. 1 being the the measurements of solar photographs taken at the Royal rotation commencing 1853 November 9. The assumed prime Observatory, Greenwich, at Dehra Dun, India, and at the Royal meridian is that which passed through the ascending node at Alfred Observatory, Mauritius. mean noon on 1854 January 1, and the assumed period of the Table I. gives the mean daily areas of umbrse, whole spots, Sun's sidereal rotation is 25-38 days. The dates of the com- and faculté for each synodic rotation of the Sun in 1889, and mencement of the rotations are given in Greenwich civil time, Table II. the same particulars for the entire year. The areas reckoning from mean midnight. are given in two forms : first, projected areas—that is, as seen and measured on the photographs, these being expressed in TABLE III. millionths of the Sun's apparent, disc; and, next, areas as an e an No. of Days Spots NorBi of Spots South of T^ ^ . corrected for foreshortening, the areas in this case_ being the Equator. the Equator. Hell,°.- 1 No. of Date of Commence- on which Mcan Mean /rapniç Ptanc*-e expressed in millionths of the Sun's visible hemisphere. Rota- ment of each Mean Mean Photo- of Helio- of Helio- ^'It.u.de „fr01? tion. flotation. graphs were Daily graphic Entire Equator Table III. exhibits for each rotation in 1889 the mean daily taken. Daily graphic of all area of whole spots, and the mean heliographic latitude of the Areas. Latitude. Area. Spots. spotted area, for spots north and for spots south of the equator, 0 471 1888, Dec. 15-33 26 o-o 23-9 - 6°63 - 6°63 together with the mean heliographic latitude of the entire 6°63 spotted area, and the mean distance from the equator of all 472 1889, Jan. n-66 26 28 +10-16 I3'8 - 3 60 - 1-28 471 spots ; and Table IV. gives the same information for the year 473- Feb. 8-00 27 o-o 20-0 - 7-18 - 718 718 as a whole. 474 Mar. 7-34 27 31-6 + 608 62 — 7-16 + 3-92 626 TABLE I. 475 Apr. 3-64 27 17-6 + 332 11 - 0-95 + 3-06 3i8 No. of Days Mean of Daily Areas. 476 3090 O'O 166 — 203 — 203 2-03 No. of Date of Commence. on which Projected Corrected for 27 Hota- ment of each Thoto- rrojeweu. Foreshortening, - 477 May 28-12 27 o-o 160 - 5-94 - 5-94 5 94 tion. notation. graplnworeTj . ^ hole iœ. TJmbrœ. Faculœ. taken. mbr!E bpots. Facu opu^s. 478 Juno 24-31 27 O'O 214 — 664 — 664 6- 64 d 121 479 July 21-52 25 7-6 + 2-69 338 -1378 -1342 I3-54 471 1888 Dec. 15-33 26 3-8 30-8 107 29 23-9 480 Aug. 17-74 27 o-o 101 -19-18 -19-18 19-18 472 1889 Jan. n-66 26 40 27-8 57'2 16-6 76-2 796 481 Sept. 14-00 27 O'O 586 -2108 -21-08 21-08 473 Feb. 8-00 27 5 9 33-6 75'i 3'4 200 1 482 Oct. 11-28 28 i-6 +22-70 0-3 -25-20 +15-34 23-08 474 Mar. 7-34 27 7-1 41 1 116 6-3 37-8 137 2-7 187 469 483 Nov. 7-58 27 O'O 00 475 APr- 3'64 27 47 327 38-9 80-5 484 Dec. 4-89 27 6-2 +24-27 70-0 —20-90 — I7'2i 21-17 476 Apr. 30-90 27 27 Ï5-2 66-7 2-4 16-6 245 79-0 29-0 160 84-3 477 May 28-12 27 44'5 TABLE IV. 47S .Tune 24-31 27 50-0 277 128 37'4 214 165 No. of Days Spots North of the Spots South of the Mean Mean Equator. Equator. Heliographic Distance 479 July 21-52 25 73'9 448 280 54-8 345 343 Year. on which Photographs Mean of Mean Mean of Mean Latitude from 122 101 175 were taken. Daily Heliographic Daily Heliographic of Entire Equator of 480 Aug. 17-74 27 22-4 131 179 Areas. Latitude. Areas. Latitude. Spotted Area, all Spots. 58-6 481 Sept. 14-00 27 14-4 777 125 10-4 151 360 + 7 0-2 26 72-1 O'l 19 930 5 0 -2Ô 73-o — 11-90 -1068 1161 4g2 Oct. 11-28 28 O'O 580 483 Nov. 7-58 27 o-o o-o 45-0 o-o 127 214 The foregoing tables would appear to show that the actual 484 Dec. 4-89 27 14-1 81-9 166 76-3 Sun-spot minimum fell during the past year. The mean daily H H 2 May 1S90. of 1889 December 22. 381 38o Prof. Tod J, Totality of the Eclipse spotted area for the year as a whole was decidedly smaller than On this axis was mounted all the photographic apparatus for for 1888, whilst towards the end of the year there was a marked the total eclipse, and a high-power directing telescope to verify tendency for spots to form in high latitudes, so that the mean the pointing of the whole. distance from the equator of all spots was considerably greater This comprised the following apparatus :— than. in 1888. As Professor Spoerer has pointed out, the 1. Professor Pickering's reversing-layer spectroscope, for appearance of spots in high latitudes usually indicates the com- photographing a spectrum trail for 15 seconds both before and mencement of a new cycle. If the present be an example of after second and third contacts. this rule, then the new cycle may be taken as commencing in June 1889 ; for there were no instances of spots in latitudes 2. Five photographic telescopes, the first a Clark —o doublet, higher than io° until June 29, when a spot appeared in S. lat. twelve exposures, two being through a Carbutt ortkochromatising 400. At the same time the mean daily spotted area increased ^8 notably, for whilst it was only 22-5 for the first six rotations of screen ; the second a Dallmeyer iL_ rapid rectilinear lens, sixteen 1889, as against 89 for 1888, it rose to 202 for the four following- 6 2 rotations. On the other hand, however, there have been but exposures ; the third a Dallmeyer ~ rapid rectilinear lens, four few spots since this outburst came to an end, and it may eventually prove to have been a mere accidental and temporary exposures ; the fourth a Ross — portrait lens, eighteen expo- revival, and not the true commencement of the new cycle. The course of the solar activity during the next few months can 2 2 sures ; and the fifth a Gundlach aplanatic orthoscope, with hardly fail to decide the point. one specially-prepared plate for the extreme outer corona, and other circum-solar objects. 3. Two catoptric telescopes by Brashear, with twenty-five Totality of the Eclipse of 1889 December 22. By David P.
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