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Jackson Dissertation 2009May9 Tidal Evolution of Extra-Solar Planets Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Jackson, Brian Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 16:07:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196152 1 TIDAL EVOLUTION OF EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS by Brian Kendall Jackson _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF PLANETARY SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2009 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Brian Kendall Jackson entitled Tidal Evolution of Extra-Solar Planets and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Richard J. Greenberg _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Rory K. Barnes _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 William B. Hubbard _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Jonathan I. Lunine _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Adam P. Showman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Roger V. Yelle Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: April 10, 2009 Dissertation Director: Richard J. Greenberg 3 Statement by Author This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: Brian Kendall Jackson 4 Acknowledgments Given the number of years of training and education required for me to get to this point, it is impossible for me to sufficiently acknowledge everyone who contributed in someway to this dissertation. Instead, I will simply thank the people who had the most direct or recent impact on my life and work. Foremost, I must thank my father, whose interest in science when I was a child was really the original impetus for my pursuit of science. I still remember watching Carl Sagan’s “Cosmos” for the first time and the delight of learning about sulfuric acid rain on Venus and of Percival Lowell’s Martian canals. I should thank also my brother Josh and sister Ashley, my mother and grandparents, who instilled in me a sense of responsibility and diplomacy that has tempered my passion for science with courtesy. The many teachers I have had over the years also deserve a lot of credit for this dissertation. The guidance of my most recent teachers, my advisers Richard Greenberg and Rory Barnes, was absolutely invaluable to the completion of this work. Epic ballads should be written to honor their tremendous patience in working with me. I would also like to thank the many LPL alumni whom I have had the pleasure to meet over the years. I am honored to call many of them colleagues and friends. They have shown me that the tradition of LPL involves more than just outstanding scientific research. The many friends I have made amongst current grad students have contributed in many ways as well, particularly my own incoming class (Doug Archer, Nicole Baugh, David Choi, Eileen Chollet, Colin Dundas, Kelly Kolb, Eric Palmer, and Catherine Neish). You’ve all made my years at LPL the happiest time of my life. I also must thank the Order of the Corn for helping me to stay sane. Going beserk and killing dragons every week really did a lot for keeping me balanced. And in the last, most cherished place, I must thank my fiancée Maki Hattori for helping me to keep my feet on the ground as I chased after the stars in the sky. 大好き. The chords that bind me to her are profound beyond my understanding. Maybe that just illustrates my ignorance, but I don’t think so. Dedication To Kepler (1571-1630), whose deep insight and indomitable courage continue to light our way 6 Table of Contents List of Figures..................................................................................................................... 8 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 10 Abstract............................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 12 1.1. Historical Perspective ....................................................................................... 12 1.2. Extra-Solar Systems.......................................................................................... 14 1.3. Tides and Extra-Solar Systems......................................................................... 18 Chapter 2 Tidal Theory..................................................................................................... 25 2.1. Effects of Tides................................................................................................. 25 2.2. Previous Work on Tidal Phase Lags................................................................. 32 2.3. Idiosyncrasies of the Constant Q Tidal Model ................................................. 36 2.4. Future Work...................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 3 Tidal Evolution of the Orbits of Extra-Solar Planets ....................................... 43 3.1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 43 3.2. Tidal Modeling.................................................................................................. 49 3.2.1. Tidal Theory as Applied to Extra-Solar Planets ....................................... 49 3.2.2. Previous Studies of Tides in Extra-Solar Systems.................................... 53 3.3. Method.............................................................................................................. 63 3.4. Results............................................................................................................... 65 3.5. Discussion......................................................................................................... 76 3.6. Conclusions....................................................................................................... 80 Chapter 4 Tidal Heating of Extra-Solar Planets ............................................................... 87 4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 87 4.2. Method.............................................................................................................. 89 4.3. Tidal Heating Histories..................................................................................... 90 4.3.1. Planets with published eccentricities ........................................................ 90 4.3.2. Planets with undetermined eccentricities.................................................. 98 4.4. Terrestrial-scale planets .................................................................................. 103 4.5. Discussion....................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 5 Tidal Heating of Rocky Extra-Solar Planets and Implications for their Habitability ..................................................................................................................... 113 5.1. Introduction..................................................................................................... 113 5.2. Methods........................................................................................................... 117 5.3. Results............................................................................................................. 121 5.4. Discussion....................................................................................................... 125 5.4.1. Planets with Sufficient (but not Excessive) Tidal Heating for Plate Tectonics 129 5.4.2. Planets
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