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Abyssinia, 25, 314. See Also Ethiopia Action Française, 42 Addis Cambridge University Press 0521812364 - The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939 Edited by Roger Chickering and Stig Forster Index More information Index Abyssinia, 25, 314. See also Ethiopia Alaska, 240 Action franc¸aise,42 Albania, 317, 321 Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), 321, 324 Alexander, Martin, 220 Adventurous Heart, The (Junger),¨ 189 All Quiet on the Western Front (Remarque), Adowa (Ethiopia), 315, 318, 321 225 aerial bombardment, 9, 37, 60, 81, 130, Allied powers, 31–4, 105, 228 140, 142, 145, 147, 203, 209, 229, 280, All-Union Communist Party, 298 286–7, 291–2, 320 American Civil War (1861–5), 4, 7, 9, 10, Afghanistan, 262 12, 248 Africa; Horn of, 317; north and American Revolution, 3, 12, 18 sub-Saharan, 76. See also North Africa Amery, L. S., 259–61 agricultural collectivization, 18, 298, Anatolia, Eastern, 35 329 Andersonville, 9 agriculture, 259, 299, 300, 301, 306 Angell, Norman, 264–5 Ailleret, Charles, 215 Anglo-German Naval Agreement (1935), Air Command Office (Germany), 285. 27 See also Luftwaffe Anglo-Saxonism, 80 Air Force (Soviet Union), 31 anti-militarism, 257 Air Force Ministry (Italy), 324 anti-Semitism, 161, 167, 310 Air Ministry (Germany), 59, 220, 293 antitank guns, 209. See also guns Air Ministry (Italy), 318 appeasement, 29, 51, 79, 101, 204, 210, airplanes, 1, 45, 47, 51, 57, 64–5, 69, 264, 267, 293, 328, 331. See also 71, 80, 188, 200, 203–5, 211, 216–17, Munich Pact (1938) 219, 221, 231, 236, 239, 246, 275, Ardennes Forest (France), 63 288, 314, 316–17, 321, 323, 325, arditi,66 333 Argonne (France), 240 air power, 14, 18, 46, 58, 60, 174, 209, Armageddon, 250 219, 220, 286, 314, 320, 321; strategic, armistice (November 11, 1918), 23, 56, 10, 15, 16; doctrine, 46 129, 133, 151, 152, 153, 160, 225, 232, air war, 199, 220, 223, 285–6, 290, 292–4, 243 314 armor, 14, 16, 44, 46, 52, 64, 71 173, 201, Air War Academy (Germany), 285, 286, 204, 218 287 Armstrong Jones, Sir Robert, 137 347 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521812364 - The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939 Edited by Roger Chickering and Stig Forster Index More information 348 Index artillery, 36, 46, 57, 64, 65, 130, 199, Big-hearted Commander, The ( Japanese 233, 244, 316, 324, 326. See also movie), 335 guns Bilbao (Spain), 289, 290 Asahi (newspaper), 333 Bion, Wilfrid, 143–4 Assab, 319 Birmingham (England), 141, 144 atrocities, 6, 9, 10, 112, 233, 308 Bismarck, Otto von, 7, 8, 10, 75, 76, 102, attrition, 61, 71, 73, 75, 158 107, 162, 235 Auschwitz, 13 Black Man’s Burden, The (Morel), 257 Australia, 78, 255, 262, 264, 266, 268 Blackshirt militia (Italy), 67 Austria, 25, 36, 98, 99, 204, 231, 279 Blitzkrieg, 75, 249, 271, 277, 281–2 Austria-Hungary, 25, 36, 99 Bloch, Darius-Paul, 217 automobile torpedo, 60 blockade, 6, 30, 47–52, 54, 79, 155, 231 Axis Powers, 8, 33 Blood-stained Pen, The ( Japanese movie), 336 Babi Yar (Ukraine), 13 Blum, L´eon,44, 215 bacteriological weapons, 26, 323–4. See also Blumhardt, Johann Christoph, 89 chemical weapons, mustard gas, nerve Boer War (1899–1902), 146 gas, poison gas Bohr, Niels, 136 Badoglio, Pietro, 318–19, 321–5 Bollati, Ambrogio, 321 Balbo, Italo, 46 Bolsheviks, 99, 156, 167, 172, 176, 295, Baldwin, Stanley, 140, 204, 256, 267–9 296, 300–1, 305–11 Balfour, Arthur James Earl of, 258–9, 261 Bolshevism, 31, 106, 307–10 Balkan Wars (1912–13), 131 bombers, 27, 46, 52, 59–61, 64, 69, 129, Baltic, 50, 231 140, 202, 220–1, 274, 286–90, 292–3, Barcelona (Spain), 140, 292 315–16, 321. See also airplanes Barnes, Leonard, 257, 265 Bonn (Germany), 87 Barreca, Riccardo, 321 borders, 24, 26, 297, 321–2 Basque-Asturian Army, 288 Borries, Rudolfvon, 234–35. See also Battle as Inner Experience (Junger),¨ 184–5 Gruppe Borries battleships, 51, 182, 203, 246. See also bourgeoisie, 100, 296; and capitalism, 91; warships and nationalism, 92; and pacifism, 89 Bavaria (Germany), 103, 105, 160, 164, Bourget, Jean-Marie, 220 232, 311 Brailsford, H. N., 264 Beard, Charles A., 251 Brauchitsch, Walther von, 276 Beatty, Sir David, 139 Brest-Litovsk, peace treaty of(1918), 8 Beck, Ludwig, 41–2, 75, 275–8, 283 Bridger, Harold, 144 Beer Hall Putsch (1923), 164, 296. See also Brighton (England), 117 Hitler Putsch Bristol (England), 141 Beijing (China), 342 British army, 38–9, 71, 130, 138–9, 145, Belgium, 9, 10, 13, 64, 204, 221, 232–3 205 Bell, A. C., 47–9 British Bomber Command, 60, 285 Bennet, Eddie, 143 British Defence Requirements Committee, Berliner Tageblatt (newspaper), 157 204 Bernhardi, Friedrich von, 161, 246, 271 British Empire, 24, 204, 256, 260–1, 263 Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von, 156–8, British expedition to Norway, 52 165, 234 British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 50, Bierer, Joshua, 143–4 57, 71 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521812364 - The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939 Edited by Roger Chickering and Stig Forster Index More information Index 349 British government, 12, 39, 119, 201, 245, capitalism, 11, 68, 89, 91, 296, 339, 340, 255, 260, 268, 286, 292 342 British History of the Great War (publication), capitalists, 54, 337, 339, 341 225 cartel des gauches, 100 British imperial policy, 256, 269 Casablanca Conference (1943), 8 British Labour Party, 31, 133, 257, 263, Castelrosse, Viscount, 127 266 casualties, 2, 52, 58, 64, 113, 130, 142, British Legion, 123 205, 209, 239, 247, 290, 307; civilian, British Liberal Party, 31 13, 140, 320; psychiatric, 130 British Medical Journal, 130, 140–1 Catalonia (Spain), 289 British military intelligence (MI5), Catholic Center Party (Germany), 121 292 Catholic Church, 273, 314 British Ministry ofLabor, 116 Catholicism, 167–68, 172 British Ministry ofPensions, 17, 115, Catholics, 102, 163, 169 117–18, 121–2, 134–5, 142, 143 cavalry, 53, 69, 74, 120, 216, 244 British naval theory, 48 Cavalry Journal (military periodical), 239 British officers, 158, 199, 200, 202, 205–6, censorship, 12, 198, 322, 333 209–10, 217 Central Asia, 303 British Parliament, 31, 143, 266, 291 Central Committee (Soviet Union), 295, British psychiatry, 129 297, 298, 300, 302, 304 British Psycho-Analytical Society, 137 Chamber ofDeputies (France), 212 –14 British strategy, 47, 49, 263 Chamberlain, Neville, 25, 31, 256, 265–6, British veterans, 17, 115, 125, 126. See also 292 veterans Chamier, J. A., 209 British War Cabinet, 148 Champagne (France), 245 British War Office, 131–2, 135, 144, 206 charitable institutions, 117 British Women’s Hospital Committee, 117 charity, 114–15, 117, 120–2, 126, 127. See Brockway, A. Fenner, 264 also veterans Brooke-Popham, Sir Robert, 208 Chateau-Thierry¯ (France), 240 Bross´e,Julien, 214 Chatfield, Alfred, 264 Brown, William, 133–4, 136 chauvinism, 85, 90 Buat, Edmond, 211, 214 Ch´edeville, Charles, 217 Bucholz, Arden, 238 Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Bukharin, Nikolay, 300 Commission for Combatting Bulow,¨ Hilmer Freiherr von, 285 Counterrevolution and Sabotage), 296. Bundesrat (Federal Council) (Germany), See also NKVD, State Political 120 Administration Burgfrieden, 112 chemical industry, 207 Burke, Edmund, 270 chemical weapons, 9, 19, 216–17, 249, 323, Burma, 262, 331 324. See also bacteriological weapons, Burnett-Hitchcock, B., 206 mustard gas, nerve gas, poison gas business community, 328, 337–40 Chevalier, Maurice, 62 Byelorussia, 302 Chickering, Roger, 256 children, 11, 27, 43, 47, 60, 78, 86, 116, Caesar, Gaius Julius, 246 118, 122, 142, 303, 322 Canada, 78, 255, 267–8 China, 26, 34, 327–8, 330–1, 334–6, 340, Canadian government, 267 344 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521812364 - The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939 Edited by Roger Chickering and Stig Forster Index More information 350 Index China Incident, 340, 342 collectivization, 99, 295, 302, 306, 309–11 China, Northeast, 327, 329, 333, 335, 338, College` des Hautes Etudes´ de D´efense 341, 344 Nationale (France), 62, 216 Chinese Communist-Nationalist Front, 329 Colonial Army (Italy), 319 Chinese Eastern Railway, 329 colonial conquest, 19, 326 Chinese nationalism, 329 Colonial Office (Great Britain), 262 Christian socialism, 91 colonial warfare, 5, 67, 314, 321 Christianity, 167, 169, 174, 308 colonies, 24–5, 28, 77–8, 98, 259, 261, Christians, 85, 91, 93 268, 313, 316, 317–18, 322, 340 churches, 86, 90, 93, 301, 325 combatants, 2, 5, 11, 183, 213, 315, 320–1, Churchill, Winston S., 8, 148 325–6 citizen soldier, 43, 66, 247–8 Coming Struggle for Power, The (Strachey), Citizens Military Training Camps 257 (CMTC), 243 Comintern, 296, 298 citizenship, 35, 241 Command of the Air (Douhet), 46 civil guards, 103–5 commerce, 203, 337 civil servants, 59, 115, 117, 121 Commissariat ofFinances (Soviet Union), civil society, 127, 242, 297 302 Civil Wars (Russia), 53, 67, 68 Committee ofImperial Defence(Great civilian leadership, 18, 156, 162, 164, 174, Britain), 49, 50, 204, 270 176, 234 communications systems, 57, 65 civilian population, 6, 10, 35, 36, 46–8, 50, Communism, 15, 69, 99, 266, 298 52, 139, 141–2, 200, 202–3, 206–7, Communist Party (France), 213 214, 273, 287, 291, 314, 325 Communist Party (Germany), 298 civilian society, 11, 13, 18, 42, 44, 188 Communist Party (Italy), 296 civilian targets, 6, 18, 52, 247, 250 Communist Party ofthe Soviet Union civilians, 1, 5, 13, 57, 59, 129, 155, 159–60, (CPSU), 68, 295–6, 298–302, 305–6, 164- 5, 175, 249–50, 314, 316, 325; 309 aggression against, 10, 13, 18–19, 177, Communists, 99, 106, 108, 110–11, 192, 246, 320, 326; as targets ofblockade, 296, 307, 329 50; atrocities against, 6; exertions of, 4; compromise peace, 6, 155, 160, 162 exposure to hazardous situations, 147; Condor Legion, 18, 285, 287–91, 293 exposure to stresses, 140; killing of, 1; Confessing Church, the, 87, 308 mobilization of, 215; morale of, 142; Congress (United States), 241 pathological disturbances of, 142; plight Connolly, J.
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