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PreparedbyAlexySimmons,Simmons&AssocLtd, August2008
INTRODUCTION
WaipaDistricthasarichculturalheritage thatreflects thepastofMaoriand Europeansettlers.TheprincipaltownsandruralcentersinWaipaDistrictwere initiallyMaorisettlements.Theybecamemilitary townsduring theWaikato campaignof theNewZealandwar,1863-64.Theearly townsandvillages evolvedintothecommunityandcommercialcenters thatservedandgrew the agriculturalanddairyindustry.Today thedistricthasretaineditsruralbaseand history,butisfacedwithunanticipatedrapidgrowth.
ThecommunityvisionofWaipaDistrictisofavibrantandcreativedistrict.A district thatretainsitsspecialcharacterandheritageassociatedwith thedistrict townsandvillages.Thevisionstatements,embodiedin theCommunity Outcomesreviewin2007,indicated thatpeopleinthedistrictvaluetheDistrict’s archaeological,naturalandculturalheritage.Colonialcharacter towns,heritage buildingsandarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenidentifiedasoneof theDistrict’s strengths.
Heritageisanon-renewableassetthatcaneasilybedestroyedbydemolition, earthworks,andunsympatheticdevelopment.Preservationofheritageplaces and thecommunityidentitylinked tothoseplaceshas tobeplannedand coordinatedstrategically through toolslike townplans.Townconceptplanscan preserveheritagefeatureswhileintegratingnewfunctionsandincreased commercialspace.Aneedformorecommercialspaceisjustoneofthe demandsassociatedwithagrowingpopulation.Thepurposeofthisreviewand thecritiqueofWaipaDistrictCouncil’sheritageprovisionsis twofold:
· Toidentifyshortfallsin theexitingheritageprovisions,and
· Toproviderecommendationsforculturalandhistoricheritagemethods andstrategies thatwillguidetheDistrict’sGrowthStrategywhile sustainingheritageresources.
Heritage,asdefinedin theamendment to theResourceManagementAct, comprises:
1 “thosenaturalandphysicalresources thatcontribute toanunderstanding andappreciationofNewZealand’shistoryandcultures”
Waipa’sheritageincludesbuildings,civicstructures,archaeologicalsites,items ofculturalheritagevalue(artifacts,historicrecords,oralhistory),historic trees, naturalheritageplaces,andheritagelandscapes(bothnaturalandmanmade). Thefocusof thisprofileison themanmade,physicalmarks,on thelandscape.
The typesofheritagethatwillbeconsideredare:builtheritagestructures, archaeologicalsites,historic treesplantedbysettlers,streetscapes,and landscapeswithhistoricmanmadefeatures. It isacknowledged thatother types ofheritageexistandsupport thephysicalremains.These taketheformof historicrecords,artifacts,andoralhistory.Whiletheseareimportantcultural andheritageresources theyareoutside thescopeof thisBaseCaseProfile.
Heritageonacommunitylevelisverydifferent thenheritageonanationallevel. Whatisspecialandhistorictoalocalcommunitymaynotbeconsideredof significance totheNZHistoricPlacesTrust(NZHPT),whichhasanationaland regionalmandateforassessingsignificance.
Theprofileofheritageprovisions thatfollowsmixeshistoricstructures,whichare locatedprimarilyinthe townsandvillagesettlements,andarchaeologicalsites. Thereisacrossoverbetween thetwo typesofheritageitems.Townsare frequentlyconstructedon topofarchaeologicalsitesandpre-1900buildingsare consideredarchaeologicalsitesunder theHistoricPlacesAct1993.Historic trees arelinkedtohistoricstructures,sites,andevents.
CURRENTPROFILE
TRENDSANDGROWTH Ruralresidentialsubdivisionhasincreasedover thelastfifteenyearsinWaipa District.Thishasresultedin thedestructionofmanyunrecordedarchaeological sites.Archaeologicalsitesaresensitive tolanddevelopment,particularly earthworks. Insomeareassightlinesonceexistedfromonesite toanother,or to landmarkslikeMt.Pirongia.Somelinesofsightfromoneplace toanother,or viewshafts,arenowbrokenbynewhousing.Thecommonfollowon to suburbanexpansionintoruralenvironmentsis thedevelopmentofmallsorlarge formatstores(‘bigbox’ stores).Structureplanshavebeenused tomanage someofthisgrowthandprovideforamenitieslike thereservingofopenspaces adjacent tostreamsorrivers.Thereservedlandhasmaintainedhistoricview shafts,views thatwerepartof thecontextofMaoriandEuropeansitesinornear thesubdivision.
2 Developmentalsoresultsindemandforrawresourceslikesandandgravel. Theseresourcesareoftenlocatedonriver terraceswhichwereonceMaori gardensites.Quarryinghasresultedinalossofsomegardensitesinpartsof thedistrict.
Theincreasedpopulationhasstimulatedcommercialandindustrialdevelopment. Commercialdevelopmentin the townsandvillagesettlementshasadversely affectedhistoricbuildingsorbuildingfabric.Themanagement toolsthatwere developedtopreserveculturalandheritageplacesin thedistrictweredeveloped foraslowgrowthinpopulationanddidn’tinclude townconceptplans.
MANAGEMENTCONSIDERATIONS
The1991ResourceManagementAct(RMA)and the1993HistoricPlacesAct (HPA)providednew teeth to theprotectionofheritage. Inresponse toRMA 1991,WaipaDistrict tookaprogressiveapproach toprotectingandmanaging the identifiedarchaeologicalsitesandotherhistoricheritagefeaturesin theDistrict. The toolsincludedin theplanfor themanagementofbothmanmadeandnatural heritageresources,includedheritageobjectives,policies,andrules.TheDistrict Plan(December1997),heritagepoliciesandrulesareinAppendixA-1andA2. Theplanprovisionsaresummarizedasfollows:
· HeritagePolicySection12(pages1-125to128ObjectivesHG1 through HG5andPoliciesHG1 toHG4)(includedasAppendixA-1);
· Heritagerules(RulesSection11pages2-161 to163)(includedas AppendixA-2);
· Schedulesofsitesofparticularheritagesignificance(Appendices10,11, 12,13and14);and
· ResidentialActivitiesPolicies3.4.7RS67andRS73.7a;Commercial ActivitiesPoliciesPolicyCO5andCO9;RuralPoliciesRU41-43, SubdivisionPoliciesSU7,SU12,andSU15A;Appendix1Scheduleof EffectsB.5;andCentralCambridgeCharacterAreaDesignGuidelines.
Anotableshortfallinthe1997planisthescheduleofhistoricstructures (Appendix10)andarchaeologicalsites(Appendix11).Schedulesareatoolfor recognizingheritageitems. Identifyingallheritageobjectsandareasof architecture,historical,cultural,spiritual,scientificorecologicalsignificancewas recognizedasObjectiveHG1in the1997plan.Recognitionallowscouncils to manageeffectsthroughnon-regulatoryandregulatorymethods.
3 Akeyelementthatunderpinsschedulingis thecriteriafordetermining significance.Criteriafordeterminingsignificanceare thebasicassessment tool used todetermineifaheritageitemisscheduledandthelevelofsignificance assigned totheheritageitem.Significanceisbasedonspecificcriteria.The heritageprovisionsin the1997plan(Appendix10page1)shouldbereviewed. Attentionneeds tobegiventoEnvironmentWaikato’sRegionalPolicyStatement (2000),whichincludedAppendix4:CriteriaforDeterminingSignificanceof NaturalandCulturalHeritageResources.(TheEnvironmentWaikatocriteriaare attachedasAppendixC).
Thecriteriaforassessingheritage treesdonotneed tobeconsideredunless WDCdesiresachangeinthecriteria.Theheritage treecriteriaarequiterobust andarebasedon the treeevaluationcriteriaproducedbyRoyalNewZealand InstituteofHorticultureforregisteringnotabletrees.
Thesignificanceattributed toaheritageitemislinked to thechoiceof managementtool,i.e.non-regulatoryandregulatorymethods.Inmanycases, non-regulatorymethods,inadistrictthatvaluesheritage,canbemoreaffective thenregulatorymethods.Publicrecognitionofaheritagebuilding,site,place,or tree,asasignificantcomponentof theDistrict’spastmaybeenough.Rules associatedwithscheduleditemsshouldconsidercommunitybenefits(tourism, communitypride,healthycommunitiescriteria,etc)and thelong termcostsof preservation(i.e.whopays,whovetsconsentsforchanges tobuildingsnot registeredbyNZHPT,whomonitorsmodifications toarchaeologicalsites,etc.).
OtherprovisionsofEnvironmentWaikato’sPolicyStatementshouldalsobe considered.TheheritagesectionoftheStatementnotes: “Maoriheritage resourcesareofsignificantspiritualandculturalvalue totangatawhenua,and areanintegralpartof theRegion’sheritage”.Culturalheritagesitesare includedinAppendix12of theDistrictPlan.ConsultationwithIwiandhapuin theDistrictisvitaltoidentifyothersites thatshouldbeincludedinthisschedule anddiscuss thebestmethodsformanaging thesesites.
In1997thescheduleofhistoricstructures(Appendix10)wascompiledbasedon itemsregisteredbyNewZealandHistoricPlacesTrust(NZHPT),andan inventoryofbuiltheritagepreparedbyDinnahHolman.Holman’sinventory includeditemsregisteredbyNZHPT),andunregistereditems thatwererecorded becauseof theirhistoricorculturesignificance to thedistrict.Theheritageitems wereproposedforinclusionin theDistrictplanscheduleascategoryAorB, basedonthelevelof theirsignificance.Astatementofsignificancewasprovided foreachitem.SomeoftheitemsidentifiedbyHolman(thatwerenotregistered byNZHPT)werescheduledintheDistrictPlan,mostwerenot. In theinterim someoftheitemsregisteredbyNZHPThavebeendeletedfrom theNZHPT register.Theheritagebuildingsrecordedin theHolmaninventory,over tenyears later,shouldbereassessedandconsideredinplanningforanyfuture commercialdevelopmentin thetowncentersandincreasedresidentialdensityin
4 the towns.Additionalbuildings,identifiedby thelocalcommunity,shouldalsobe considered.
CentralCambridgeCharacterAreaguidelinesweredevelopedtoensure the preservationofthedistinctiveCambridgestreetscapes thatcharacterize the town.Thedesignguidelineshaveservedtopreservesomeof thehistoric buildings thatweren’tscheduledinAppendix10.Theseguidelinesneed tobe reviewedindialoguewith theCambridgecommunityand theWDCplanning departmenttodetermineif theyhavebeenacosteffectivemanagement tool.
NocharacterareaguidelinesexistforTeAwamutu,Kihikihi,PirongiaorOhaupo. Thereforemanyunscheduledbuildingsandcharacterstreetscapes that the communityand theWaipaHeritageCommitteevalueassignificantheritage elements,areatrisk.ThetownsandvillagesofWaipaDistrictarefragileand caneasilybeerodedbyunsympatheticdevelopmentof themainstreetscapes.
Appendix11,thescheduleofarchaeologicalsites,isalsoincomplete.Many archaeologicalsitesinthedistricthavebeenrecordedover theyears,but thesite recordingdoesnotrepresentasystematiclandsurvey.Archaeologicalrecording hasbeencarriedoutinanadhocmannerbymembersof theWaikato ArchaeologicalSociety(WAS)andNewZealandHistoricPlacesTrustBranch Committee(HPTBC).Thevastmajorityof thesitetypesrecordedarepasites.
Thescheduleofsitesisnotbasedonaphysicalarchaeologicalsurvey toidentify all thepotentialsitesonablockofland,norwere thesitesrelocatedprior to listingtoensure theywerein thelocationsrecorded.Thisinformationshortfall wasandstillisaproblembecause theregulatorysectionsof theplanarereliant on thescheduleofarchaeologicalsitesasa triggerfor theassessmentofaffects toarchaeologicalresourcesprior tolanddevelopment.Thishasobvious implicationsforheritagelossonlandthatisbeingsubdividedanddeveloped.
EnvironmentWaikatoalsoincludesintheheritagesectionof theirplan acknowledgement that: “Maoriheritageresourcesareofsignificantspiritualand culturalvalue to tangatawhenua,andareanintegralpartof theRegion’s heritage”.CulturalheritagesitesareincludedinAppendix12of theDistrict Plan.Consultationwith Iwiandhapuduring thenextDistrictPlanreviewisvital toidentifyothersites thatshouldbeincludedin thisschedule.
Oneof thenon-regulatoryoutcomesof theDistrictPlanwas theformationofa WaipaHeritageCommittee(WHC).Thiswasaprogressivestep thatcreateda partnershipwith thecommunityandoutsideagencies.TheHeritageCommittee isaninformalcommitteesetuptohelpensure theconservationand maintenanceoftheDistrict’sheritage.TheCommitteeincludesrepresentatives fromheritageorganizationsandcommunityboards1.
1 SusanBrennan,SeniorPolicyPlannerWDCprovidedthenamesofmembersoftheWHCthatwantedto beconsultedaboutthisprofile.Thememberswerecontactedandarelistedinthereferencesection.
5 The2003RMAAmendment(RMAA)raised theprofileofheritageprotectionand managementevenhigher.Heritagewaselevated toamatterofnational importance.Section6of theAct,MattersofNational Importance,notesamong itsobjectives:
“(f)Theprotectionofhistoricheritagefrominappropriatesubdivision,use, anddevelopment.”
InOctober2004aProposedHeritagePolicyand ImplementationStrategywas preparedforreviewbyWDC.Thegoalof thepolicyandstrategydocumentwas to: “safeguardandenhance theheritageofWaipaDistrict.” Amongtheactions arisingfrom thisdocumentwasachangein theoperationalstructureofTe AwamutuMuseumandCambridgeMuseum.Thisensuredthathistoricrecords andartifactscouldbeprovidedforindirectliaisonwithWDC.
InDecember2004 thefinalversionoftheHeritagePolicyandImplementation Strategy(HPIS)wasadoptedby theCouncil.Thedocumentacknowledges that WDC’sdatabaseisnotallinclusive,and theeffectivenessof thedatabaseis reliantonperiodicreviewandupdates.Theheritageobjectivesandpolicies identifiedinthe1997DistrictPlan(AppendixA1)wereacknowledged. In response to thisdocument theCouncilchosetoarticulate, throughbestpractice, itsenvironmentalmanagementgoal:
“Tomanageandenhance thenaturalanddevelopedenvironmentsina sustainableway”.
Councildevelopedmanagementand/orconservationplansforLakeNgaroto, MatakitakiPa,andAlexanderEastRedoubt.Theplanshaveassisted,andwill continue toassistin themanagementoftheseplaces.
TheHPISaddedseveralnewplanningobjectivesthatcompliment theexisting 1997objectivesandpolicies.TheexistingheritageobjectivesareinAppendixA- 1, theadditionalobjectivesare:
· DevelopmentofanAccurateand InformativeHeritageDatabase; · RegulationandProtectionofHeritageValues; · HeritageAdvocacyandEducation; · HeritageProtection Incentive; · HeritagePartnerships;and · Responsible OwnershipofHeritageValues.
Thespecifictasks thathavebeenidentified thatactualize thesepoliciesare containedintheTableinAppendixA-3. Several tasks thatrelated todistrict growtharediscussedin thefollowing text.
6 OneoutcomeofHPISwasacommitmenttothedevelopmentofanaccurateand informativedatabasefor therecordedarchaeologicalsites.Currently thiswork isbeingundertaken throughapartnershipwith theNewZealandArchaeological Association(NZAA).JohnCoster,whoiscarryingout thesiterecordingupdate onbehalfofNZAA,indicated thatthesiterecordupdateworkis50percent complete.Mr.Costerreported thatbasedonthework todate, thelocationof approximately50percentof thesitescouldbeconfirmed.Heestimated the locationof60 to70percentofthesitesmightneed tobeconfirmedthroughfield work.(Heanticipated thisworkwouldcommenceinaboutJuly).Henoted that hefoundnoindicationofanylargesystematicsurveys, toidentifysitesinWaipa District.Mr.CosterisalsoworkingwithlocalbottlecollectorRichardPaulwhois providinginformationonwherehistoricEuropean(pre-1900)archaeological depositsarelocatedinKihikihi,Pirongia,andother townsandvillagesinWaipa District.
ThemapsproducedbyNZAAwillcreateanaccuratescheduleofrecorded archaeologicalsites.Appendix11willremainaninventoryofrecordedsites, although,notaninventoryofall archaeologicalsitesin theDistrict.Aprogramof systematicsurveyoflargeblocksoflandwouldberequired tocreateatotal inventory.
Noplanningprovisionswerefoundinthedocumentsreviewed thatrequiredan archaeologicalassessmentbecarriedoutprior tolanddevelopment.Thebest methodforhandlingtheinformationshortfallinAppendix11istorequire archaeologicalsurveysofland thathasnotbeensubjecttoarchaeological survey.Thisworkcanberequiredasapartofaconsentapplication. AssessmentofaffectsaspartofaconsentapplicationisconsistentwithRMA provisions.CambridgePark,whichwasdevelopedusingastructureplan,was surveyed forarchaeologicalsitesprior todevelopment.Asitewasidentified,an authorityobtainedfromNZHPT,andaffects toarchaeologicalfeatureswere mitigated.
Appendix10,asnotedpreviouslyisnotacompletescheduleofbuiltheritage. Theintentbehindschedulingbuildingsandotherheritageitemsis topreserve heritageresources thatareconsideredsignificant.UpdatingAppendix10 requires:reviewofHolman’s1997inventoryandsitevisits todeterminingifthe buildingsarestillinsitu,evaluationof theircondition,identificationofany additionalinformationrequired,acommitmentfrommuseumstafftoobtainany additionalinformation theyholdintheirarchivesandrecords,anddeterminingif thestructuresarestillsignificantbasedontheDistrictplancriteria.Aswasnoted previouslyadditionalbuildings,notidentifiedin1997,mayalsoneedtobe consideredforscheduling.ErisParker, theCambridgeMuseumRepresentative on theWaipaHeritageCommittee,haspreparedalistofbuildings thatshouldbe researchedandincludedon thedistrictplanschedule(pleaseseeAppendixB).
7 Towngrowthhasoccurred through theuseofstructureplansformanaging the effectsofgrowth.Manyof thestructureplansarelocatedinareas thathave the potentialforarchaeologicalsites.Someof theseareasmayhavebeensurveyed forsites,othersmaynothave,inanycaseastructureplanconsentshould includeanarchaeologicalassessment,becauseof thepotentialfor archaeologicalsites.OhaupoSouthRuralResidentialPolicyArea,forexample, islocatedinasettlement thatwasamilitarysettlement,followedbyasoldier- settlersettlement.CambridgeParkDevelopmentareawassurveyedfor archaeologicalsitesaspartof theconsentprocess.Maoriborrowpitsand gardenareaswereidentified.Maoriborrowpitsandpasitesarealsocommon on thelandalong theWaikatoRivernear theAirportandon theplainsadjacent to theWaikatoRiveratArapuni.
STRATEGICOPPORTUNITIES&CONSTRAINTS Theheritageprotectionincentivesin the1997PlanandPHPIS(AppendixA-3) willassistinsustainingheritage.Forexample theenvironmentalandheritage protectionlotincentivemaybeusefulformanagingaffectsofdevelopment pressuresonarchaeologicalsitesandhistoricbuildings.Thisincentive compensatesforvoluntaryprotectionofheritagevaluesbyallowing thecreation ofadditional titles.Theintentis toprotectlandscapes(includingarcheological landscapes)andbuildings thatmightotherwisehavebeencompromised. Resourceconsentfeewaiversarealsoprovidedfordevelopmentswithin heritagebuildings.
Heritageadvocacyandeducationisalsopartofthe2004 Implementation Strategyandprovidesanopportunity topreserveheritageintownsand settlementsandruralareasthroughincentive.Heritagethatispreserved through theincentivesisawinforCouncil, thedistrict,and theindividual.Council providesawardsannually thatrecognizeheritagepreservationwork. Incentives intheformofratesreliefcouldassistinthepreservationofhistoricshop frontagesinCambridge,TeAwamutu,Pirongia,andOhaupo.
Theopportunityexistsfor thedevelopmentofgoodTownConceptPlans,plans thatincorporatedesignguidelinestopreservelandmarkstreetscapesandallow newstructures tobeconstructed thatwillprovidefornewuses.Townconcept planscreateanopportunityforusablepublicspacesandconnectionswithcivic structures thatareisolatedfrom the towncentre.Ademandformoreretailspace canprovide theopportunityforTownplanning thatsustains thecharacterand heritagefeaturesofWaipa townswhileeliminatingaccretions.Theurbandesign worknecessary toaccomplishthisfollowsstandardrulesformirroringexisting buildingscaleinsensitiveareas;areasthatcontainhistoricstreetscapes,while insertinginfrastructureandlinkage tonewdevelopmentsites.
Standardprincipalsforincreasedretaildevelopmentandmanaginglargerformat retailestablishmentsinclude:
8 · Identifying,recognizingandprotectinghistoric townscapes; · Avoidingdemolitionorremovalofhistoricbuildingsorstructures to accommodatenewretaildevelopment; · Encourageadaptivereuseofexistingbuildings; · Requirenewdevelopments/buildings toblendwith thehistoriclayoutof the town(i.e.streetnetworks,streetfrontages,andparking); · Requirenewstructures tobecompatiblewithexistingstructures,i.e. match thescale,character,appearanceofthesurroundingbuildings whenviewedfrom thestreet; · Landscapeelements,significant treesandpedestrianthoroughfares shouldbepreserved.
The townsandsettlementsofWaipahaveretained theircolonialplans. Cambridge,inparticular,hasstrongcolonialtownfeatureslikeatownsquare, withadjacentchurchesandcivicbuildings.Thecommercialdistrictisatightly groupedseriesofstreetsinbothCambridgeandTeAwamutu.The townscapes aredominatedbyamainstreetorstreets.TeAwamutu’sgrowthismorelinear andCambridgeincludesshopsnear theiconicAnglicanChurchandoutside the centralcommercialarea.Heritagefeaturesaregroupedoneithersideofthe mainhighwayinOhaupo,Kihikihi,andPirongia.Thehighwayprovidesa commercialopportunityandadesignconstraint.
ThesignificantstreetscapesinCambridgearealreadywelldefinedin theCentral CambridgeHeritageCharacterAreaGuidelines.Howeffective theseguidelines havebeenneeds tobeassessedinconsultationwith thecommunityand planningdepartment.Criticalanalysisof theseguidelineswillprovide thebasis formodificationanddevelopmentofguidelinesforother townsin thedistrict.
ThecharacterfeaturesofTeAwamutu,Kihikihi,Pirongia,andOhauponeed to beidentifiedandrecordedonplansprior todevelopingCharacterArea Guidelines.AppendixDcontainsalistofcharacterdefiningstructuresinTe Awamutu,Kihikihi,Pirongia,andOhaupo,butdoesnotincludeopenspaces, monuments/gardens,spatiallinksbetweenpublicandcommercialareas,etc.
GuidelinesforTeAwamutuwillneed toprovide for thecommercialareaand the historicareaassociatedwithStJohn’sChurchand theMissionHouseinSelwyn Park.Unfortunately thevisuallinkbetween theChurchand theMissionHouseis brokenby thevisitorcentreandpublic toilets.When thevisitorcenterand toilets becomeredundantthebuildingscouldbedemolishedandnewfacilitiesbuiltina location thatdoesn’tcompromisethelinkbetween theChurchandMission House.
Anarchaeologicalassessmentisanecessarypartofa townconceptplan.The purposeof thearchaeologicalassessmentistoidentify thepotentialforpre-1900 archaeologicalremains.Alternatively,archaeologicalassessmentcanbedone
9 piecemealwhenearthworksornewstructuresareproposed; thisoptionisnot bestpractice.Someof theworkassociatedwitharchaeologicaloverlayzones hasalreadybeendonebyWHC(Garrett2008).
Archaeologicaloverlaysfor the townsandvillagesensures that the archaeologicalremainsofpre-1900sitesareidentified,landownersareawareof potentialobligationsandconstraints,and theaffectsfromdevelopmentare remediedormitigated.Thispreventsdiscoveryofpre-1900depositsduring construction.Destructionofseveralsiteshasoccurredduringcommercial developmentinCambridgeandTeAwamutuover theyears,inmostcases this hasresultedinheritageloss.
Thereisanopportunity torecognizeandpromote thehistoricarchaeological landscapesofWaipaDistrictand thelinkbetweenarchaeologicalsites. Preservationofheritagelandscapesprovidesforpreservationofgroupingsof culturalandheritageresourcesandtherurallandscapes,bothareahallmarkof theDistrict.Unfortunately,nospecificworkhasbeendoneonarchaeological landscapesinWaipaDistrict.Thesites thatmightbeconsideredlandscapesites aregenerallylistedin thedistrictplanasonesiteorseveralindividualsites. Someof theMaoriandEuropeanmilitarysitesassociatedwith thelandwar (suchasOrakau,Rangiaowhia,andPaterangi)consistofmanyMaoriand Europeanmilitaryfeatureslocatedonfarmblocks.
SomeofWaipa’slandscapesareiconic.Rangiaowhia(ridge)forexample,is includedinhistoricphotographs, thesongsoftangatawhenua,andwasrecently oneof theplacesthatBishopPompalliersremainswere takenwhen they returned toNewZealand.Rangiaowhiahaslinks toMaoriin theDistrictandis thesiteofStPaul’sAnglicanChurchand theCatholicMissionof theHoly Angels.PreservationoftheruralcharacterofRangiaowhia throughplanning mechanisms thatincludeincentivesfor theadjacentlandownersshouldbe considered.
MatakitakiPa,anothericonicsitein thehistoryofWaipaDistrict,representsan opportunityforpreservationofanarchaeologicallandscape.MatakitakiPa ReserveislargelyownedbyCouncil.Thesiteiscomposedof threeadjacentpa sites,encompassingmostofthelandincludedinthepa.Someof thesiteisstill inprivateownershipandcontainsfarmbuildings.Theviewsaround thesiteare openandrural,becauseofthegolfcourseononesideand theCouncillandon theother.
Theratepayersshouldbeconsultedso theycanidentifylandscapestheyfeelare iconsthatreflect theuniquecharacterofWaipaDistrict.Thiscouldbedone throughanewspaperarticlewithanemailandpostaladdress.TheDistrict museumscouldbeaskedto takeon thisprojectaspartof theirannualworkplan.
10 Therelationshipbetweensiteswasstrategicallyimportantduring thelandwar andprior.AlexandraEastRedoubtislinkedtoAlexandraWestRedoubt.Both redoubtswereestablishedat thesametimeonoppositesidesoftheWaipa River, theirpurpose,amongotherswas toguard thewaterwaywhichwasa major transportationcorridor.AlexandraEastisaWDCproperty.Alexandra Westisinprivateownership.Theconnectionisindicatedbysignageat AlexandraEast.SomepasiteslocatednearMaorigardensitesarealso obviouslylinked.
Identificationofheritagelandscapesanduseofincentives,liketransferable buildingrights,Councilawards,andcovenantscouldassistinthepreservationof heritagelandscapesandassociatedsitesforfuturegenerations.
Archaeologicallandscapescanalsoconsistofviewshafts thatwereof importanceaslinksbetweenapa,orredoubts, toanotherplace.Theselinesof sightorviewshaftsprovideanopportunityforpreservationofsitesanddistrict culturalhistory.Thelinkbetweenpasitesand thevolcanicconesneeds tobe discussedwith the Iwiandhaputodetermineifthereareviewshafts theyfeel aresignificant.Viewshaftscanbepreservedthroughplanprovisionsthatcontrol theheightofbuildingsorshelterbelts.
BASECASECONCLUSIONS Thefollowingareabriefsummaryof themainconclusionsdrawn through the review.Theconclusionsarefollowedbyalistofrecommendationsforfurther work.
· TheDistrictPlan,andHeritagePolicyand ImplementationStrategy providegoodworkingprovisionsformanagingheritage,butapplicationof manyoftheplanprovisionsarehamperedbyincompletedatainAppendix 10and11.
· Protectionandmanagementofeffectstohistoricstructuresusing the existingplanningrulesispossibleifAppendix10isupdated.
· Protectionandmanagementofeffectstoarchaeologicalsitesis problematic.Whileupdatingtheexistinginventoryofrecordedsiteswill increase themanagementofeffectsto thosesitesunrecordedsiteswill continue tobeaffected.Carryingoutacompleteorevenpartialphysical surveyoftheDistricttoidentifyarchaeologicalsiteswouldbeextremely expensive,becauseof thenumberofhoursrequiredforawalkover surveybyarchaeologists.Thereforeaplanrulethatrequires archaeologicalassessmentoflandproposedfordevelopmentprior to obtainingaconsentisrequired.
11 · TheCambridgeCharacterAreaGuidelinesneed tobereviewedin consultationwith thecommunityandplanningdepartmenttodetermineif theyhaveperformedandarecosteffective.
· Thereisnoprotectionforunsympatheticdevelopmenton themain street(s)ofTeAwamutu’s,Kihikihi,Ohaupo,orPirongia.Theaffectsof commercialgrowthin thehistorictownsandvillagesin thedistrictcould rapidlyerode theheritagecharacterofthe townscapes.Townconcept planswithdesignguidelinesshouldbeusedtomanagecommercial growthinCambridge,TeAwamutu,Kihikihi,Ohaupo,andPirongia.
· Heritagelandscapesexistin theDistrictbuthavebeengivenminimal attention.SomeofWaipaDistrictslandscapesareiconic,bothlocallyand nationally.Theidentificationandschedulingofheritagelandscapes providesfor thepreservationofarchaeologicalsites,buildings,andrural land.
· Thecreationofviewshaftsprovidesanopportunity toconnectone heritageplacewithanotherandlinkavisitorto thesite’shistory.
RECOMMENDATIONSFORFURTHERWORK
· Requirearchaeologicalassessmentsprior tolanddevelopment.
· Holdhuiwithlocal Iwianddiscussadditionsto thescheduleofcultural heritageitems,landscapes,viewshafts,andmanagement.
· Review thebuildings,civicstructuresanditemsofculturalheritagevalue schedule.
· Review thecriteriafordeterminingsignificanceofculturalheritage resources.
· PrepareTownandVillageConceptPlansforCambridge,TeAwamutu, Kihikihi,Pirongia,andOhaupo.
· Review theCentralCambridgeCharacterAreaGuidelinesindialoguewith theCambridgeCommunity.
· PrepareCentralTeAwamutuCharacterAreaGuidelines,andguidelines forPirongia,Kihikihi,andOhaupo.
· RequestNZAAalertWDCtoanyarchaeologicallandscapesthatare apparentin theirupdateoftheDistrictsarchaeologicaldatabase.
12 · RequestpubliccommentsoniconiclandscapesinWaipaDistrict.
· Prepareascheduleofhistoricarchaeologicallandscapes.
· Recordanyheritagelinksbetweenlisted treesandadjacentbuildingsor archaeologicalsites.
13 REFERENCES
Coster,John 2008PersonalCommunication-NZArchaeologicalAssociationandWaikato DistrictCouncilSiteRecordUpdate,27May2008.
Garrett,Heather* 2008PersonalCommunication-HeritageandgrowthinWaipaDistrict;linesof sight,heritagepanoramas,and townstreetscapes,10June2008.
Hurst,Mary* 2008PersonalCommunication-HeritageinthePirongiaAreaandWaikato District,4June2008.
EnvironmentWaikato 2000OperativeRegionalPolicyStatement. http://www.ew.govt.nz/policyandplans/rpsintro/rps/RPS3.15.1.htm
NewZealandHistoricPlacesTrust 2007SustainableManagementofHistoricHeritage;PaperNo.4UrbanDesign andHistoricHeritage.NewZealandHistoricPlacesTrust,Wellington.
Parker,Eris* 2008PersonalCommunication-HeritageinWaikatoDistrictandHolman’s1979 BuildingInventory,4June2008.
WaipaDistrictCouncil 1979DistrictPlan. http://www.waipadc.govt.nz/District/DistrictPlan/
2004CentralCambridgeCharaterAreaDesignGuidelines. http://www.waipadc.govt.nz/District/DistrictPlan/
2004ProposedHeritagePolicy& ImplementationStrategy,22October-15 November2004.On fileWaipaDistrictCouncil.
2004HeritagePolicyAndImplementationStrategy,21December2004.Onfile WaipaDistrictCouncil.
2006DraftWaipaUrbanGrowthStrategy;CommercialLand,June2006.On fileWaipaDistrictCouncil.
2007WaipaDistrictGrowthStrategyand ImplementationPlan,December2007. OnfileWaipaDistrictCouncil.
Note:*SusanBrennan,SeniorPolicyPlannerWDC,noted that thesemembersof theWaipaHeritageCommitteewished tospeakwithmeabout thebasedcaseissues.
14 APPENDIXA-1 WAIPADISTRICTCOUNCILHERITAGEOBJECTIVESANDPOLICIES
ObjectiveHG1 ToidentifyintheDistrictPlanallheritageobjectsandareasofarchitectural,historical, cultural,spiritual,scientificorecologicalsignificance.
ObjectiveHG2 TodevelopaneffectiveprocessforconsultationwiththeHistoricPlacesTrustandother HeritageProtectionAuthoritiesestablished toensurethatanyproposedactivity(whether permittedorwhereaconsentisrequired)willnothaveadetrimental effectonanyheritageitemorareas.
ObjectiveHG3 Toensurethat themostappropriateandsensitiveconsultationprocessisestablished withtheIwiAuthoritiesandthe tangatawhenua.
ObjectiveHG4 Toprotectheritageobjectsandareasfromadverseeffectsofincompatibleusesand activities.
ObjectiveHG5 Todevelopincentivesandinducements toensuretheretentionandenhancementof heritageitems.
PolicyHG1 ToclearlyidentifyintheDistrictPlanallheritageobjectsandareasthathavehigh conservationorheritagestatus.
PolicyHG2 Torespect thesensitivityofIwiinidentifyingthelocationofplaceswhicharewaahitapu orhavesomeaspectof taongaassociatedwiththem.
PolicyHG3 TorequirenotificationofproposeddevelopmentsinvolvingidentifiedHeritage Objects andAreas.
PolicyHG4 Toidentifysignificantstandsofbushor treesandsignificantspecimen treesinthe DistrictPlan,anddeviseavarietyofmethods toensuretheirprotection.
PolicySU15A Toprovidefor thesubdivisionofEnvironmentalorHeritageProtectionLots toencourage thelegalprotectionofareasandsitesofrecognizedvalue totheDistrictand communities,andensureongoingmanagement tomaintainorenhancetheir environmentalquality.
15 APPENDIXA-2 WAIPADISTRICTCOUNCILHERITAGERULES
16 17 18 APPENDIXA-3HERITAGEPOLICYAND IMPLEMENTATIONSTRATEGY; WAIPADISTRICTCOUNCILDECEMBER2004
TABLEOFADDITIONALHERITAGEOBJECTIVES;
19 20 APPENDIXB LISTOFBUILDINGSANDBUILDINGTYPESRECOMMENDEDFOR INCLUSION INTHEHERITAGESCHEDULE;ReceivedfromErisParker, CambridgeMuseumRepresentativeontheWaipaHeritageCommittee
(Note:manyofthe itemsnotedare inadditiontothestructures includedin the1997Heritage InventoryPreparedbyDinnahHolman)
CambridgeClubRooms-CornerDick&AlphaStreets (Holmaninventory) CambridgeDomain-Memorial Gates (HolmaninventoryThomasWells Memorial Gates) CampCambridge-TenStarRedoubt DairyFactories (Holmaninventory-3643CambridgeRoadandFrencourtDairyFactory) FencourtChurch (HolmanInventory) Gasworks (Holmaninventory-Cambridge) HitchingRail Houses (notespecifichouseswerenotlisted) Intermediate / MiddleSchool (Holmaninventory,Cambridgeintermediate) KaipakiSchool (Holmaninventory) KaipakiChurch (Holmaninventory) PowerBoardBuilding (HolmaninventoryEmpireStCambridge scheduledonDistrictPlan#36) RomanCatholicChurch-StPeters (Holmaninventory) VictoriaStreetFacades-NorthSide Farmers'MeatCo(CambridgeTravel) WCubis(WineCellar) Easters(Fashion&Health) MrsWatson(ModelShop) Nixon(Gifts /Waynes / Edmeades) GeorgeCalvertsChambers(Link toArticle) (NewCentreway) EHLeighChemist (Veale)Bookshop Chemist SportsShop TheTriangle PriestleysBuilding1913(SouthVictoriaStreet) (Holmaninventory) CentralHotel VealeBuildings 'Whitiora'NursingHome
Note:Severalof thecommercialbuildingsmayhavealsobeenincludedintheHolman inventory)
ConsultationwiththeWaipaHeritageCommitteeisrecommendedprior tocompilinga revisedAppendixofBuildingsandcivicstructuresanditemsofculturalheritagevalue.
21 APPENDIXC ENVIRONMENTWAIKATOCRITERAFORDETERMININGSIGNIFICANCEOF CULTURALHERITAGERESOURCES
22 APPENDIXD HERITAGEBUILDINGS INTHECOMMERCIALAREASOFTEAWAMUTU, KIHIKIHI,PIRONGIA,ANDOHAUPO Thebuildingslistedbelowshouldbeconsideredin townconceptplansandwhendeveloping architectureguidelines forcharacterareas.Thelistsaredrawnfromthe1997Holman Inventoryandhavenotbeenrechecked throughasitevisittoassestheircurrentcondition. Norhasanewsurveyofbuildings,archaeologicalsites,andreservesbeencarriedoutto identifyotherbuildingsandheritageelements thatmightcontribute toacharacterarea.
TEAWAMUTU Location: AlexanderStreetandcornerofBankStreet Burchell’sBuildings BurnsHouse Post Office TesdaleBuilding ThompsonBrothersBuilding
Location:AlexanderStreet AlexandraBuilding Gifford’sBuilding RegentTheatre Spinley’sBuilding
Location:SloanStreet EmpireTheatre
KIHIKIHI Location: LeslieStreet ChristchurchAnglicanChurch KihikihiTownHall
Location: LyonStreet AlphaHotel FormerPoliceHouse KihikihiWarMemorial TempleCottage FormerTeachersResidence (StarHotelisproposed fordemolition)
PIRONGIA Location: FranklinStreet PirongiaPlaycentre PirongiaPublicLibrary AlexanderHotel PirongiaMemorialHall
OHAUPO Location: GreatSouthRoad OhaupoBakery OhaupoMemorialHall KCeesPlace
23