Ê¿´«» ±«®  ó ݸ¿³°·±² ±«® Ú«¬«®» Ý«´¬«®» ¿²¼ Ø»®·¬¿¹» Ю±º·´» ͬ¿¬»³»²¬ WAIPADISTRICTCOUNCIL GROWTHSTRATEGYBASECASE CULTUREANDHERITAGE PreparedbyAlexySimmons,Simmons&AssocLtd, August2008 INTRODUCTION WaipaDistricthasarichculturalheritage thatreflects thepastofMaoriand Europeansettlers.TheprincipaltownsandruralcentersinWaipaDistrictwere initiallyMaorisettlements.Theybecamemilitary townsduring theWaikato campaignof theNewZealandwar,1863-64.Theearly townsandvillages evolvedintothecommunityandcommercialcenters thatservedandgrew the agriculturalanddairyindustry.Today thedistricthasretaineditsruralbaseand history,butisfacedwithunanticipatedrapidgrowth. ThecommunityvisionofWaipaDistrictisofavibrantandcreativedistrict.A district thatretainsitsspecialcharacterandheritageassociatedwith thedistrict townsandvillages.Thevisionstatements,embodiedin theCommunity Outcomesreviewin2007,indicated thatpeopleinthedistrictvaluetheDistrict’s archaeological,naturalandculturalheritage.Colonialcharacter towns,heritage buildingsandarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenidentifiedasoneof theDistrict’s strengths. Heritageisanon-renewableassetthatcaneasilybedestroyedbydemolition, earthworks,andunsympatheticdevelopment.Preservationofheritageplaces and thecommunityidentitylinked tothoseplaceshas tobeplannedand coordinatedstrategically through toolslike townplans.Townconceptplanscan preserveheritagefeatureswhileintegratingnewfunctionsandincreased commercialspace.Aneedformorecommercialspaceisjustoneofthe demandsassociatedwithagrowingpopulation.Thepurposeofthisreviewand thecritiqueofWaipaDistrictCouncil’sheritageprovisionsis twofold: · Toidentifyshortfallsin theexitingheritageprovisions,and · Toproviderecommendationsforculturalandhistoricheritagemethods andstrategies thatwillguidetheDistrict’sGrowthStrategywhile sustainingheritageresources. Heritage,asdefinedin theamendment to theResourceManagementAct, comprises: 1 “thosenaturalandphysicalresources thatcontribute toanunderstanding andappreciationofNewZealand’shistoryandcultures” Waipa’sheritageincludesbuildings,civicstructures,archaeologicalsites,items ofculturalheritagevalue(artifacts,historicrecords,oralhistory),historic trees, naturalheritageplaces,andheritagelandscapes(bothnaturalandmanmade). Thefocusof thisprofileison themanmade,physicalmarks,on thelandscape. The typesofheritagethatwillbeconsideredare:builtheritagestructures, archaeologicalsites,historic treesplantedbysettlers,streetscapes,and landscapeswithhistoricmanmadefeatures. It isacknowledged thatother types ofheritageexistandsupport thephysicalremains.These taketheformof historicrecords,artifacts,andoralhistory.Whiletheseareimportantcultural andheritageresources theyareoutside thescopeof thisBaseCaseProfile. Heritageonacommunitylevelisverydifferent thenheritageonanationallevel. Whatisspecialandhistorictoalocalcommunitymaynotbeconsideredof significance totheNZHistoricPlacesTrust(NZHPT),whichhasanationaland regionalmandateforassessingsignificance. Theprofileofheritageprovisions thatfollowsmixeshistoricstructures,whichare locatedprimarilyinthe townsandvillagesettlements,andarchaeologicalsites. Thereisacrossoverbetween thetwo typesofheritageitems.Townsare frequentlyconstructedon topofarchaeologicalsitesandpre-1900buildingsare consideredarchaeologicalsitesunder theHistoricPlacesAct1993.Historic trees arelinkedtohistoricstructures,sites,andevents. CURRENTPROFILE TRENDSANDGROWTH Ruralresidentialsubdivisionhasincreasedover thelastfifteenyearsinWaipa District.Thishasresultedin thedestructionofmanyunrecordedarchaeological sites.Archaeologicalsitesaresensitive tolanddevelopment,particularly earthworks. Insomeareassightlinesonceexistedfromonesite toanother,or to landmarkslikeMt.Pirongia.Somelinesofsightfromoneplace toanother,or viewshafts,arenowbrokenbynewhousing.Thecommonfollowon to suburbanexpansionintoruralenvironmentsis thedevelopmentofmallsorlarge formatstores(‘bigbox’ stores).Structureplanshavebeenused tomanage someofthisgrowthandprovideforamenitieslike thereservingofopenspaces adjacent tostreamsorrivers.Thereservedlandhasmaintainedhistoricview shafts,views thatwerepartof thecontextofMaoriandEuropeansitesinornear thesubdivision. 2 Developmentalsoresultsindemandforrawresourceslikesandandgravel. Theseresourcesareoftenlocatedonriver terraceswhichwereonceMaori gardensites.Quarryinghasresultedinalossofsomegardensitesinpartsof thedistrict. Theincreasedpopulationhasstimulatedcommercialandindustrialdevelopment. Commercialdevelopmentin the townsandvillagesettlementshasadversely affectedhistoricbuildingsorbuildingfabric.Themanagement toolsthatwere developedtopreserveculturalandheritageplacesin thedistrictweredeveloped foraslowgrowthinpopulationanddidn’tinclude townconceptplans. MANAGEMENTCONSIDERATIONS The1991ResourceManagementAct(RMA)and the1993HistoricPlacesAct (HPA)providednew teeth to theprotectionofheritage. Inresponse toRMA 1991,WaipaDistrict tookaprogressiveapproach toprotectingandmanaging the identifiedarchaeologicalsitesandotherhistoricheritagefeaturesin theDistrict. The toolsincludedin theplanfor themanagementofbothmanmadeandnatural heritageresources,includedheritageobjectives,policies,andrules.TheDistrict Plan(December1997),heritagepoliciesandrulesareinAppendixA-1andA2. Theplanprovisionsaresummarizedasfollows: · HeritagePolicySection12(pages1-125to128ObjectivesHG1 through HG5andPoliciesHG1 toHG4)(includedasAppendixA-1); · Heritagerules(RulesSection11pages2-161 to163)(includedas AppendixA-2); · Schedulesofsitesofparticularheritagesignificance(Appendices10,11, 12,13and14);and · ResidentialActivitiesPolicies3.4.7RS67andRS73.7a;Commercial ActivitiesPoliciesPolicyCO5andCO9;RuralPoliciesRU41-43, SubdivisionPoliciesSU7,SU12,andSU15A;Appendix1Scheduleof EffectsB.5;andCentralCambridgeCharacterAreaDesignGuidelines. Anotableshortfallinthe1997planisthescheduleofhistoricstructures (Appendix10)andarchaeologicalsites(Appendix11).Schedulesareatoolfor recognizingheritageitems. Identifyingallheritageobjectsandareasof architecture,historical,cultural,spiritual,scientificorecologicalsignificancewas recognizedasObjectiveHG1in the1997plan.Recognitionallowscouncils to manageeffectsthroughnon-regulatoryandregulatorymethods. 3 Akeyelementthatunderpinsschedulingis thecriteriafordetermining significance.Criteriafordeterminingsignificanceare thebasicassessment tool used todetermineifaheritageitemisscheduledandthelevelofsignificance assigned totheheritageitem.Significanceisbasedonspecificcriteria.The heritageprovisionsin the1997plan(Appendix10page1)shouldbereviewed. Attentionneeds tobegiventoEnvironmentWaikato’sRegionalPolicyStatement (2000),whichincludedAppendix4:CriteriaforDeterminingSignificanceof NaturalandCulturalHeritageResources.(TheEnvironmentWaikatocriteriaare attachedasAppendixC). Thecriteriaforassessingheritage treesdonotneed tobeconsideredunless WDCdesiresachangeinthecriteria.Theheritage treecriteriaarequiterobust andarebasedon the treeevaluationcriteriaproducedbyRoyalNewZealand InstituteofHorticultureforregisteringnotabletrees. Thesignificanceattributed toaheritageitemislinked to thechoiceof managementtool,i.e.non-regulatoryandregulatorymethods.Inmanycases, non-regulatorymethods,inadistrictthatvaluesheritage,canbemoreaffective thenregulatorymethods.Publicrecognitionofaheritagebuilding,site,place,or tree,asasignificantcomponentof theDistrict’spastmaybeenough.Rules associatedwithscheduleditemsshouldconsidercommunitybenefits(tourism, communitypride,healthycommunitiescriteria,etc)and thelong termcostsof preservation(i.e.whopays,whovetsconsentsforchanges tobuildingsnot registeredbyNZHPT,whomonitorsmodifications toarchaeologicalsites,etc.). OtherprovisionsofEnvironmentWaikato’sPolicyStatementshouldalsobe considered.TheheritagesectionoftheStatementnotes: “Maoriheritage resourcesareofsignificantspiritualandculturalvalue totangatawhenua,and areanintegralpartof theRegion’sheritage”.Culturalheritagesitesare includedinAppendix12of theDistrictPlan.ConsultationwithIwiandhapuin theDistrictisvitaltoidentifyothersites thatshouldbeincludedinthisschedule anddiscuss thebestmethodsformanaging thesesites. In1997thescheduleofhistoricstructures(Appendix10)wascompiledbasedon itemsregisteredbyNewZealandHistoricPlacesTrust(NZHPT),andan inventoryofbuiltheritagepreparedbyDinnahHolman.Holman’sinventory includeditemsregisteredbyNZHPT),andunregistereditems thatwererecorded becauseof theirhistoricorculturesignificance to thedistrict.Theheritageitems wereproposedforinclusionin theDistrictplanscheduleascategoryAorB, basedonthelevelof theirsignificance.Astatementofsignificancewasprovided foreachitem.SomeoftheitemsidentifiedbyHolman(thatwerenotregistered byNZHPT)werescheduledintheDistrictPlan,mostwerenot. In theinterim someoftheitemsregisteredbyNZHPThavebeendeletedfrom theNZHPT register.Theheritagebuildingsrecordedin theHolmaninventory,over tenyears later,shouldbereassessedandconsideredinplanningforanyfuture commercialdevelopmentin thetowncentersandincreasedresidentialdensityin 4 the towns.Additionalbuildings,identifiedby thelocalcommunity,shouldalsobe considered. CentralCambridgeCharacterAreaguidelinesweredevelopedtoensure the preservationofthedistinctiveCambridgestreetscapes thatcharacterize the town.Thedesignguidelineshaveservedtopreservesomeof thehistoric buildings thatweren’tscheduledinAppendix10.Theseguidelinesneed tobe reviewedindialoguewith theCambridgecommunityand theWDCplanning departmenttodetermineif theyhavebeenacosteffectivemanagement tool. NocharacterareaguidelinesexistforTeAwamutu,Kihikihi,PirongiaorOhaupo. Thereforemanyunscheduledbuildingsandcharacterstreetscapes that the communityand theWaipaHeritageCommitteevalueassignificantheritage