Ka tika ā muri, ka tika ā mua He Tohutohu Whakamārama i ngā Whakataunga Kerēme e pā ana ki te Tiriti o Waitangi me ngā Whakaritenga ki te Karauna Healing the past, building a future A Guide to Treaty of Waitangi Claims and Negotiations with the Crown CROWN COPYRIGHT RESERVED The Office of Treaty Settlements Parts of this guide may be reproduced with prior approval from the Director, Office of Treaty • negotiates settlements of historical claims directly Settlements, and with appropriate credit given to with claimant groups, under the guidance and the source. direction of Cabinet • provides policy advice to the government STATUS OF THIS GUIDE – DISCLAIMER on generic Treaty settlement issues and on individual claims Material published in this guide reflects the Crown’s • oversees the implementation of settlements, and policies and understandings at the time of publication. While all statements are believed to be correct, no • acquires, manages, transfers and disposes of liability can be accepted for any incorrect statement, Crown-owned land for Treaty settlement purposes. omission or changes to the matters or policies referred to. The guide provides general information only and HOW TO CONTACT OTS readers should not act or rely on information in this guide without first discussing the detail with OTS. Postal address SX10111, Wellington, New Zealand Should you have any questions on issues or policies in Phone 04 800494 9 this guide or any other aspect of OTS work, please get Fax 04 801 494 9 in touch with OTS. Email [email protected] Website www.ots.govt.nz You can also view this booklet and other information about the Office of Treaty Settlements and settlements on our website at www.ots.govt.nz. By using the word search you can also find all the booklet text on subjects you are interested in. If you have a question for us, you can use the email letter box. We welcome your questions and any feedback. March 2015 ISBN 978-0-478-32435-8 (print) ISBN 978-0-478-32436-5 (online) He Inoinga Acknowledgements E te Atua Matua, ko koe te haihanga o te rangi me te The Office of Treaty Settlements (OTS) is grateful whenua, te mātāpuna o te ora, o te tapu. Ko to mātou for the assistance it has received from individuals, inoi tēnei kia hōutia tō rongo ki runga i te whenua, ki organisations and government departments in waenganui i te tangata. Tirohia atawhaitia te kaupapa the preparation of the first edition of this guide. tātari i ngā take pā ki te Tiriti o Waitangi. Arahina In particular we would like to thank the following tonutia ngā tikanga kaw i te kaupapa kia Puta mārama claimant groups and organisations: Nga Hapū o ai te rangatiratanga o te tangata, o te Whenua. Te Ahuriri, Taneuiarangi Manawatu Incorporated, Werohia mātou ki te tao o te pono kia tutuki rawatia Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, the Māori Focus Group – ēnei take. E te Atua, kia aroha nui nei ki a mātou. Ministry of Justice, the Waitangi Tribunal, Te Ohu Kai Ko koe hoki te timatanga me te whakatutukitanga o Moana, and the Crown Forestry Rental Trust. ngā mea katoa. OTS also wishes to thank those who gave permission Āmene to use photographs in this guide, Pā Henare Tate for the opening prayer and Professor Sir Hugh O Parent God, you are the creator of the heavens Kawharu for allowing his translation of the Treaty to and the earth, and you are the source of life and be reproduced. wholeness. This is our prayer that you cast upon the land, and amongst the people your spirit of reconciliation. Look with loving concern upon the Overview of this guide principle of careful consideration for the issues that relate to the Treaty of Waitangi. Constantly guide the This edition of Healing the past, building a future processes that carry forward the principle so that updates and replaces the first edition published there is clear manifestation of the chiefly dignity of in 1999. Changes have been made to reflect the people, and of the land. Challenge us with the dart development of policy and practice since that time. of truth so that the issues may, with integrity, reach Healing the past, building a future is a practical fulfilment. Lord, may we have aroha for people and for guide to the negotiation and settlement of historical the land just as you have great aroha for us. For you grievances under the Treaty of Waitangi. It also sets are the beginning and the fulfilment of all things. out an overview of the historical background to Amen Treaty grievances and settlements, and explains how settlement policy has developed. The first edition of Healing the past, building a future was widely read, Karakia by Pā Henare Tate on behalf of not only by claimants and their advisers, but also by Te Rōpu Māori o te Manatū Ture all those with an interest in the resolution of Treaty (Māori focus group of the Ministry of Justice) claims. The Office of Treaty Settlements hopes this edition will be equally useful. Healing the past, building a future is also available in electronic form at www.ots.govt.nz. Contents 1 Text of the Treaty of Waitangi – Te Tiriti o Waitangi SETTLEMENT FRAMEWORK 6 The status of the Treaty of Waitangi today 7 Historical background to Māori claims against the Crown – what are Treaty claims all about? 14 Milestones in the development of Treaty settlements policy 17 Who or what is the Crown? 18 About the Office of Treaty Settlements 20 Progress with Treaty settlements so far 23 The Crown’s general approach to Treaty settlements THE NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS 29 Overview of the negotiations process 32 Negotiations and the Waitangi Tribunal process 35 Step 1: Preparing claims for negotiations 49 Step 2: Pre-negotiations 56 Step 3: Negotiations 64 Step 4: Ratification and implementation SETTLEMENT REDRESS 77 Settlement redress 79 Historical account, crown acknowledgements of breach and apology 81 Financial and commercial redress 90 Cultural redress SUPPORTING INFORMATION 134 Protection of potential settlement assets 142 Glossary of technical terms 146 Glossary of Māori terms 148 Frequently asked questions about Treaty settlements 150 Contact details for other organisations 152 List of figures 154 List of tables 155 Index Text of the Treaty of Waitangi – Te Tiriti o Waitangi Three versions of the Treaty follow. These are the Māori and English texts recognised in the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, followed by Professor Sir Hugh Kawharu’s English translation of the Māori text. The principles arising from the Treaty are discussed on pages 15 and 16. The text in Māori TE TIRITI O WAITANGI KO TE TUARUA Ko Wikitoria, te Kuini o Ingarani, i tana mahara atawai Ko te Kuini o Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga ki nga Rangatira me nga Hapu o Nu Tirani i tana hiahia Rangatira ki nga hapu — ki nga tangata katoa o Nu hoki kia tohungia ki a ratou o ratou rangatiratanga, Tirani te tino Rangatiratanga o o ratou wenua o me to ratou wenua, a kia mau tonu hoki te Rongo ki ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa. Otiia ko nga a ratou me te Atanoho hoki kua wakaaro ia he mea Rangatira o te Wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa tika kia tukua mai tetahi Rangatira – hei kai wakarite atu ka tuku ki te Kuini te hokonga o era wahi wenua e ki nga Tangata Maori o Nu Tirani – kia wakaaetia e pai ai te tangata nona te wenua – ki te ritenga o te utu nga Rangatira Maori te Kawanatanga o te Kuini ki nga e wakaritea ai e ratou ko te kaihoko e meatia nei e te wahikatoa o te wenua nei me nga motu – na te mea Kuini hei kai hoko mona. hoki he tokomaha ke nga tangata o tona Iwi Kua noho ki tenei wenua, a, e haere mai nei. KO TE TUATORU Na ko te Kuini e hiahia ana kia wakaritea te Hei wakaritenga mai hoki tenei mo te wakaaetanga Kawanatanga kia kaua ai nga kino e puta mai ki te ki te Kawanatanga o te Kuini-Ka tiakina e te Kuini o tangata Maori ki te Pakeha e noho ture kore ana. Ingarani nga tangata Maori katoa o Nu Tirani. ka tukua ki a ratou nga tikanga katoa rite tahi ki ana mea ki nga Na, kua pai te Kuini kia tukua a hau a Wiremu tangata o Ingarani. Hopihona, he Kapitana i te Roiara Nawi hei Kawana mo nga wahi katoa o Nu Tirani e tukua aianei, amua atu ki te Kuini e mea atu ana ia ki nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani me era Rangatira (Signed) W. Hobson, atu enei ture ka korerotia nei. Consul and Lieutenant-Governor. KO TE TUATAHI Na ko matou, ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani ka huihui nei ki Waitangi ko Ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga me nga Rangatira matou hoki ko nga Rangatira o Nu Tirani ka kite nei katoa hoki ki hai i uru ki taua wakaminenga ka tuku i te ritenga o enei kupu, ka tangohia ka wakaaetia rawa atu ke te Kuini o Ingarani ake tonu atu – te katoatia e matou, koia ka tohungia ai o matou ingoa o Kawanatanga katoa o o ratou wenua. matou tohu. Ka meatia tenei ki Waitangi i te ono o nga ra o Pepueri i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e wa te kau o to tatou Ariki. Ko nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga. 1 The text in English ARTICLE THE SECOND Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and HER MAJESTY VICTORIA Queen of the United guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with and to the respective families and individuals thereof Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment properties which they may collectively or individually of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary possess so long as it is their wish and desire