DOCSLIB.ORG

Coal River and the First Mines in Australia Russell Rigby (Member, Coal River Working Party)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coal River and the First Mines in Australia Russell Rigby (Member, Coal River Working Party) Coal River and the First Mines in Australia Russell Rigby (Member, Coal River Working Party) Introduction “Coal River” was one of the early European names given to the site of Newcastle, at the mouth of the Hunter River, because of the coal seams outcropping on the rock platforms. The present landscape has been shaped by intensive human activity over the past two hundred years, with significant relics of each stage preserved. The Coal River Heritage Precinct has been defined to include Nobbys, Fort Scratchley (Signal Hill) and Macquarie Pier (breakwater) (Figure 1). The Coal River Working Party (CRWP) was formed in 2003 by the University of Newcastle, with membership from University, industry and interested community bodies & individuals. The CRWP aims to protect Newcastle's culturally important landmarks that were only recently placed on the NSW Heritage Register. Since its formation members of the CRWP have : ● located the earliest Australian mining records in UK archives ● located the first surveys of Newcastle and the lower Hunter River, and organised the presentation of copies of the maps by the Governor to community representatives ● identified the probable location of early convict mines, confirmed the targets with geophysics and surveying, and successfully drilled into the mine voids ● prepared and submitted an application for the addition of the Precinct to the National Heritage List ● raised public awareness of the heritage values of the site ● presented all of the available source documents and results on the Coal River website (www.newcastle.edu.au/service/archives/coalriver/) One of the next stages of the work of the CRWP is to combine all of the plans, maps and historical documents with a digital 3D representation of the Coal River Precinct and surrounding Newcastle, to show the past and future changes in the site through time Time line The Newcastle Coal Measure rocks were deposited in the major Permian sedimentary sequence of the Sydney Basin. The sequence was intruded by igneous dykes and sills in the Jurassic and Tertiary, and overlying strata removed by erosion. 120,000 years ago the sea level was about 5m higher than present, falling to more than 60m below present level 12,000 years ago. The earliest dated Aboriginal activity in the Lower Hunter area was about 8000BP. The Awabakal are the only recorded Aboriginal group to utilize coal for fuel, and their language includes nikkin, the only known Aboriginal word for coal. Many of the landscape features around the Hunter River estuary (Coquun) have recorded Aboriginal names, and also feature in Dreamtime stories. The first mention of the Hunter area is the entry in the log entry by James Cook in 1770, of a small clump of an island (Nobbys). The area was probably visited by escaping convicts and fishermen between 1788 and 1797 when Lt John Shortland sailed into the river mouth while searching for escaped convicts. He took samples of the coal from outcrops on the rock platforms around the river mouth, and drew an 'eye-sketch' of the harbour and estuary. He named the river Hunter's River in honour of his friend, Governor John Hunter, but none of the other names he gave have survived in common use. For the next few years coal was collected off the rock platforms by the crews of visiting privately- owned ships, and the area was usually referred to as Coal River. The first systematic exploration and surveying was conducted in 1801, followed by the establishment of a short-lived penal station. The permanent penal station was established in 1804. Table 1: Coal River Time Line Year Event 250my BP Newcastle Coal Measure rocks deposited 120,000 BP Sea-level 100m lower than present 12,000BP Sea-level 5m higher than present 8,000BP Earliest dated aboriginal sites in Lower Hunter 1770 Cook sails past Nobbys - “ a small clump of an island” 1791 William & Mary Bryant, escaping convicts, find coal on coastline near Newcastle 1797 Lt John Shortland enters Hunter's River 1800 First export of Newcastle coal to Bengal 1801 Survey & mapping of Coal Harbour and Hunter River by Paterson, Grant & Barallier 1801-02 Short-lived penal station at Coal River 1804 Permanent settlement established at New Castle 1817 Mining shifts from Signal Hill area 1818 Commencement of Macquarie Pier to Nobbys 1823 Penal colony shifts to Port Macquarie 1824-30 AA Company founded, takes over Government mines 1843 Last convicts in mines 1846 Macquarie Pier connected to Nobbys 1856-60 Great Northern Railway constructed, and extended to eastern Newcastle harbour 1858 Nobbys lighthouse operational, Signal Hill beacon extinguished 1881-85 Fort Scratchley constructed on Signal Hill 1916 Mining finishes in inner city Newcastle and Delta mines Barallier Plan – 1801 (Figures 2 - 4) In June 1801 Colonel Paterson led an exploration party to Coal River in the Lady Nelson, to investigate the coal, timber and lime resources. The survey work was carried out by Ensign Barallier, and compiled onto a large map showing the river as far upstream as Maitland and Clarencetown (Figure 3). Also on the plan was a more detailed chart of the harbour, with water depths and the location of coal outcrops (Figure 4). This was the first detailed survey of the Hunter River and estuary, as the only earlier known map is the “eye-sketch” prepared by Lt John Shortland. Microfiche copies of parts of the plan, and the accompanying report, were known from NSW State Archives. Following investigative work by members of the CRWP the original complete plan was located in the UK Archives. In 2007 mounted copies were presented by NSW Governor Marie Bashier to Newcastle City Council, representatives of the Awabakal, and local history groups. 1804 Mine Plan (Figures 5 - 9) Australia's mining records date back more than two centuries to a plan drafted by an officer of the Royal Marines. Lieutenant Charles Menzies was the Commandant of the newly established penal station at Newcastle. The penal station had been established in March 1804 to supply coal, timber, salt and lime to Sydney, and to be a secondary place of punishment for convicts who had re- offended in Sydney. The first convicts sent to Newcastle included Irish survivors of the Vinegar Hill uprising in Sydney. When Menzies arrived he found that the mining activity at Colliers Point had been conducted in a very haphazard fashion by ships' crews and during the first settlement, with unsupported adits driven up to 30m into the hillside. He undertook to establish the mines in a more systematic fashion, and private coal mining was forbidden. In July 1804 Menzies compiled a plan of this mine: A Plan of His Majesty's Coal Mine at Kings Town New Castle District County of Northumberland New South Wales in its present situation of working July 1804: (Figure 5). The plan was sent, with other reports and correspondence to the Governor in Sydney on the next available ship. Governor King subsequently sent the plan, together with samples of the freshly mined coal, to Lord Hobart in England where it was filed in the records of the British Empire. This plan, now in the British National Archives in London, is the earliest known artefact of Australia's mining industry. Putting it in historical perspective, the plan was prepared less than five months after the establishment of the permanent penal station in Newcastle in March 1804, about three years after the first shipment of coal to Bengal, and seven years after the discovery of coal at Newcastle by Shortland in 1797. Apart from being the first known mine plan, it is also the first example of mine surveying (Figures 6a & 6b, and 7), mine planning (Figure 8) and mine geology (Figure 9) in Australia. There is sufficient information on the plan to attempt to reconstruct the workings, but some assumptions must be made as there inconsistencies in the bearings and distances quoted.(Figure 6b). It does not appear to be drawn to scale, and may have been drawn as a “centreline” sketch plan as a reference for the table of bearings and distances. The workings have been shown 1m wide on the interpreted mine plan. The seam worked is the upper split of the Dudley Seam, and not the lower split which is at the level of the rock platform. This is based on the note: The openings are 70 feet above the surface of the sea, - as much to the surface of the hill. One annotation on the plan shows Q as the direction intended to be pursued which will open a communication to the beach, a potential pathway shortening the distance convicts had to carry the coal in baskets, rather than a shortcut to surfing pleasure. At the end of K the annotation reads A fault in flukin. The flukin referred to here is likely to be a thin igneous dyke, altered to soft white clay, rather than fault gouge. The specific dyke has not been identified. Flukin is an unusual spelling of the word flucan which is originally a Cornish mining term: flucan: A narrow band of crushed rock or clayey material found along a fault zone or vein of ore. See also:breccia; gouge; selvage; pug. Also spelled fluccan; flookan; flukan; floocan. The word is common in 19th century reports of mining in Cornwall, and also occurs in reports from hard rock mining in Australia and USA, but the only time it appears in a coal context is in a dictionary of mining terms in the Pennsylvania anthracite coalfield. There is insufficient information on the plan or in the contemporaneous records to fix the location of these workings accurately. Based on the alignment of the two openings on a northeast-trending hill face, and on the proposed communication to the beach, it is likely that the workings were near the north-east point of Colliers Point, and most of the workings have been removed during the construction of a quarry tramway, the fort ramparts and Fort Drive.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Heritage Nomination
    NOMINATION FORM The National Heritage List is a record of places in the Australian jurisdiction that have outstanding natural, Indigenous or historic heritage values for the nation. These places they are protected by federal law under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Nominating a place for the National Heritage List means identifying its national heritage values on this form and providing supporting evidence. If you need help in filling out this form, contact 1800 020 625. Form checklist 1. read the Nomination Notes for advice and tips on answering questions in this form. 2. add attachments and extra papers where indicated (Note: this material will not be returned). 3. provide your details, sign and date the form. Q1. What is the name of the place? The Coal River Precinct, Newcastle (NSW State Heritage Register No.1674) http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5053900 and The Convict Lumber Yard (NSW State Heritage Register No.570). http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5044978 For the purpose of this nomination ‘the place’ including both sites is called the ‘Coal River Heritage Park’. Give the street address, or, if remote, describe where it is in relation to the nearest town. Include its area and boundaries. Attach a map with the location and boundaries of the place clearly marked. See the Nomination Notes for map requirements. Q2a. Where is the place? The Coal River Heritage Park is situated at the southern entrance to the Port of Newcastle, New South Wales. It includes landmarks such as Nobbys, Macquarie Pier, the southern headland (Colliers Point/Signal Hill and Flagstaff Hill) including Fort Scratchley, the convict lumber yard and adjoining foreshore.
    [Show full text]
  • National Heritage List Nomination Form for the Coal River Precinct
    National Heritage List NOMINATION FORM The National Heritage List is a record of places in the Australian jurisdiction that have outstanding natural, Indigenous or historic heritage values for the nation. These places they are protected by federal law under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Nominating a place for the National Heritage List means identifying its national heritage values on this form and providing supporting evidence. If you need help in filling out this form, contact (02) 6274 2149. Form checklist 1. read the Nomination Notes for advice and tips on answering questions in this form. 2. add attachments and extra papers where indicated (Note: this material will not be returned). 3. provide your details, sign and date the form. Nominated place details Q1. What is the name of the place? The Coal River Precinct, Newcastle (NSW State Heritage Register No.1674) http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5053900 and The Convict Lumber Yard (NSW State Heritage Register No.570). http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5044978 For the purpose of this nomination „the place‟ including both sites is called the ‘Coal River (Mulubinba) Cultural Landscape’. Give the street address, or, if remote, describe where it is in relation to the nearest Q2. TIP town. Include its area and boundaries. Attach a map with the location and boundaries of the place clearly marked. See the Nomination Notes for map requirements. Q2a. Where is the place? Address/location: The Coal River (Mulubinba) Cultural Landscape is situated at the southern entrance to the Port of Newcastle, New South Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal River Conservation and Tourism Management Plan
    The City of Newcastle Management Plan Coal River Conservation and Tourism Management Plan PO Box 489 (282 King Street) NEWCASTLE NSW 2300 Ph 02 4974 2000 Fax 02 4974 2222 Email [email protected] www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au Coal River Conservation and Tourism Management Plan Google Earth This is the foundation of modern Newcastle and Newcastle Harbour. (Hunter, C., HO. 2001) With its Indigenous associations the Coal River Precinct is a true ‘birthplace’ site. Its land, buildings and subterranean remains concentrate elements of the Newcastle story from pre-history through the first hundred and fifty years of European settlement and beyond. In the beaches and the later Nobbys Beach Pavilion the all-embracing questions of the Newcastle character are exemplified. It is difficult to think of another major city which can point to such a rich mix of important heritage themes in such a special landscape environment. “The spaces of the city, contrary to public opinion, are frequently intangible. They may be sensed just out of sight, below the ground, or above the roofs ... They may also be spaces or buildings which can be viewed from almost every vantage point but which exert an unseen influence over the city.” (Moore and Ostwald. Hidden Newcastle: Urban Memories and Architectural Imaginaries. 1997) 1 Coal River Precinct Conservation and Tourism Management Plan CONTENTS Executive Summary _________________________________ 5 PART 1. BACKGROUND_____________________ 10 1. Introduction _______________________________ 10 2. The Plan __________________________________ 11 2.1 The Brief________________________________________________ 11 2.2 Plan Structure____________________________________________ 11 2.3 Approach / Disclaimer _____________________________________ 12 PART 2. STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS ____________ 13 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Newcastle Coastal Revitalisation Strategy Masterplan Report 2010
    Newcastle Coastal RevitalisationStrategy Newcastle Coastal RevitalisationStrategy MASTER PLAN REPORT September 2010 Prepared for: Land and Property Management Authority Hunter Surf Life Saving Newcastle City Council 1 Newcastle Coastal RevitalisationStrategy DISCLAIMER This report is prepared on the instructions of the party to whom or which it is addressed and is thus not suitable for use other than by that party. As the report involves future forecasts, it can be affected by a number of unforeseen variables. It represents for the party to whom or which it is addressed the best estimates of Urbis Pty Ltd, but no assurance is able to be given by Urbis Pty Ltd that the forecasts will be achieved. Urbis staff responsible for this report were: Director Roberta Ryan Rohan Dickson Clinton Ostwald Consultants Jason Duda, Ben Dowler Job Code KAJ35409 Copyright © Urbis Pty Ltd ABN 50 105 256 228 All Rights Reserved. No material may be reproduced without prior permission. While we have tried to ensure the accuracy of the information in this publication, the Publisher accepts no responsibility or liability for any errors, omissions or resultant consequences including any loss or damage arising from reliance in information in this publication. URBIS Australia Asia Middle East www.urbis.com.au 2 Newcastle Coastal RevitalisationStrategy CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 4 FINANCING AND FUNDING 64 4.1 Traditional Local Authority Funding 64 1 Introduction 7 4.2 Public Sector Funding 64 1.1 The Project Sponsors 7 4.3 Taxation Initiatives 1.2 The Brief and
    [Show full text]
  • The Naturalist and His 'Beautiful Islands'
    The Naturalist and his ‘Beautiful Islands’ Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific David Russell Lawrence The Naturalist and his ‘Beautiful Islands’ Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific David Russell Lawrence Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Lawrence, David (David Russell), author. Title: The naturalist and his ‘beautiful islands’ : Charles Morris Woodford in the Western Pacific / David Russell Lawrence. ISBN: 9781925022032 (paperback) 9781925022025 (ebook) Subjects: Woodford, C. M., 1852-1927. Great Britain. Colonial Office--Officials and employees--Biography. Ethnology--Solomon Islands. Natural history--Solomon Islands. Colonial administrators--Solomon Islands--Biography. Solomon Islands--Description and travel. Dewey Number: 577.099593 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover image: Woodford and men at Aola on return from Natalava (PMBPhoto56-021; Woodford 1890: 144). Cover design and layout by ANU Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2014 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgments . xi Note on the text . xiii Introduction . 1 1 . Charles Morris Woodford: Early life and education . 9 2. Pacific journeys . 25 3 . Commerce, trade and labour . 35 4 . A naturalist in the Solomon Islands . 63 5 . Liberalism, Imperialism and colonial expansion . 139 6 . The British Solomon Islands Protectorate: Colonialism without capital . 169 7 . Expansion of the Protectorate 1898–1900 .
    [Show full text]
  • National Nomination- Coal River & Government Domain 2012-Revised-FINAL
    National Heritage List NOMINATION FORM The National Heritage List is a record of places in the Australian jurisdiction that have outstanding natural, Indigenous or historic heritage values for the nation. These places they are protected by federal law under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Nominating a place for the National Heritage List means identifying its national heritage values on this form and providing supporting evidence. If you need help in filling out this form, contact (02) 6274 2149. Form checklist 1. read the Nomination Notes for advice and tips on answering questions in this form. 2. add attachments and extra papers where indicated (Note: this material will not be returned). 3. provide your details, sign and date the form. Nominated place details Q1. What is the name of the place? ‘Coal River (Mulubinba) and Government Domain’ including the following sites: The Coal River Precinct, Newcastle (NSW State Heritage Register No.1674) http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5053900 (Also formally on the RNE ID number 1284 & 1283 ‘Fort Scratchley’ registered 1978 & Nobbys Head ID number 100016 registered 1980, & Soldiers Baths, Shortland Esplanade ID 100270 registered 1980 The Convict Lumber Yard (NSW State Heritage Register No.570). http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5044978 (Also formally on the RNE ID number 16502 ‘The Convict Lumber Yard’ registered 1980 Newcastle Government House & Domain (NSW State Heritage Register No.1841). http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_04_2.cfm?itemid=5060998 (Also formally on the RNE ID number 101838 ‘James Fletcher Groups’ registered 1980 & ID number 1300 ‘Medical Superintendent’s Residence’ registered 1978,& Court house ID number 100785.
    [Show full text]
  • Matthew Flinders: Pathway to Fame
    INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC REVIEW VoL. 2 No. 1 {NEW SERIES) JUNE 2001 Matthew Flinders: Pathway to Fame joe Doyle Since his death many books and articles have been written about Matthew Flinders . During his life, apart from his own books, he wrote much himself, and there is a large body of contemporary correspondence concerning him in various archives in England and Australia. The bicentenary of the start of his voyage in Investigator is so important that it deserves once more, to be drawn to the atten­ tion of those interested in hydrography. This paper traces Matthew Flinders' early life and training as a hydrographer until July 1801 when he sailed from England in Investigator on his fateful mission to chart the little known southern continent, that land mass which had yet to be named Australia. Introduction An niversaries of two milestones of 'European ' Austral ia occur in 2001. The sig­ nificant event is the centenary of the formation of the Commonwealth of Australi a. It is also the bicentenary of the start of an important British voyage to complete the survey of that continent and from which the term Australia began to be accept­ ed as the name for the country. July 2001 is the 200th anniversary of the departure from Spithead of Investigator, a sloop' fitted out and stored for a voyage to remote parts. The vessel, under the command of Commander Matthew Flinders, Royal Navy, was bound for New South Wales, a colony established thirteen years earlier. The purpose of the voyage was to make a complete examination and survey of the coast of that island continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Nobbys Coal River Precinct, Newcastle
    Current Activities Contact Details Nobbys Coal River Precinct • Members of the Working Party participated in the Coal River Dr Erik Eklund Public Forum held as part of the National Trust Heritage Festival Chair Newcastle on the 4th April, 2003, at the Newcastle Museum. Coal River Working Party • In partnership with the Newcastle City Council, the Working Phone: 4921 5219 Party is helping to locate the convict coal mines beneath Signal Fax: 4921 6940 Hill (now Fort Scratchley). We are undertaking geological and Email: [email protected] historical research in order to select sites for exploratory drilling. Coal River Website As the first European industrial enterprise outside of the Sydney http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/collections/archives/ basin, we see this as a crucial yet poorly understood aspect of int/Nobbys2/nobbys.html our early history. •The Working Party is also seeking government, community and business involvement towards the commissioning and preparation of a Heritage Master Plan for the precinct. The diverse elements of Coal River need to be identified, better understood, preserved and more effectively presented to the public. Patron Hon. Ms Sharon Grierson – Federal Member for Newcastle Lieutenant C Jeffries' Survey of Part of the Hunter's River (Or the Coal River) 1816 The printing of this brochure was generously funded by the School of Liberal Arts, the University of Newcastle. UoN 2003/0352 Aborigines Resting by a Camp Fire near the Mouth of the Hunter River, Nobbys Island and Pier artist unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay
    The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay With an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, compiled from Authentic Papers, which have been obtained from the several Departments to which are added the Journals of Lieuts. Shortland, Watts, Ball and Capt. Marshall with an Account of their New Discoveries Arthur Phillip A digital text sponsored by University of Sydney Library Sydney 2003 http://purl.library.usyd.edu.au/setis/id/phivoya © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission Prepared from the print edition published by John Stockdale London 1789 298pp. All quotation marks are retained as data. First Published: 1789 910.4/418 Australian Etext Collections at early settlement prose nonfiction pre-1810 The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay With an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, compiled from Authentic Papers, which have been obtained from the several Departments to which are added the Journals of Lieuts. Shortland, Watts, Ball and Capt. Marshall with an Account of their New Discoveries London John Stockdale 1789 TO THE MOST NOBLE THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY, LORD CHAMBERLAIN OF HIS MAJESTY’s HOUSHOLD, &c. &c. THIS VOLUME, CONTAINING ALL THAT IS YET KNOWN OF THE SETTLEMENT AT SYDNEY-COVE, IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY HIS LORDSHIP’s MUCH OBLIGED, AND MOST FAITHFUL HUMBLE SERVANT, NOVEMBER 25, 1789. JOHN STOCKDALE. Anecdotes of Governor Phillip ARTHUR PHILLIP is one of those officers, who, like Drake, Dampier, and Cook, has raised himself by his merit and his services, to distinction and command.
    [Show full text]
  • Admiral Arthur Phillip.Pdf
    Admiral Arthur Phillip, R.N. (1738 – 1814) A brief story by Angus Ross for the Bread Street Ward Club, 2019 One of the famous people born in Bread Street was Admiral Arthur Phillip, R.N, the Founder of Australia and first Governor of New South Wales (1788-1792). His is a fascinating story that only recently has become a major subject of research, especially around his naval exploits, but also his impact in the New Forest where he lived mid-career and also around Bath, where he finally settled and died. I have studied records from the time Phillip sailed to Australia, a work published at the end of the 19c and finally from more recent research. Some events are reported differently by different observes or researchers so I have taken the most likely record for this story. Arthur Phillip in later life His Statue in Watling Street, City of London I have tried to balance the amount of detail without ending up with too long a story. It is important to understand the pre-First Fleet Phillip to best understand how he was chosen and was so well qualified and experienced to undertake the journey and to establish the colony. So, from a range of accounts written in various times, this story aims to identify the important elements of Phillip’s development ending in his success in taking out that First Fleet, made up primarily of convicts and marines, to start the first settlement. I have concluded this story with something about the period after he returned from Australia and what recognition of his life and achievements are available to see today.
    [Show full text]
  • National Heritage List
    National Heritage List NOMINATION FORM The National Heritage List is a record of places in the Australian jurisdiction that have outstanding natural, Indigenous or historic heritage values for the nation. These places they are protected by federal law under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Nominating a place for the National Heritage List means identifying its national heritage values on this form and providing supporting evidence. If you need help in filling out this form, contact (02) 6274 2149. Form checklist 1. read the Nomination Notes for advice and tips on answering questions in this form. 2. add attachments and extra papers where indicated (Note: this material will not be returned). 3. provide your details, sign and date the form. Nominated place details Q1. What is the name of the place? ‘Coal River Precinct’ including the following sites: The Coal River Precinct, Newcastle (NSW State Heritage Register No.1674) http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_02_2.cfm?itemid=5053900 (Also formally on the RNE ID number 1284 & 1283 ‘Fort Scratchley’ registered 1978 & Nobbys Head ID number 100016 registered 1980, & Soldiers Baths, Shortland Esplanade ID 100270 registered 1980 Precinct is in the Newcastle Conservation Areas of Newcastle East http://www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/about_newcastle/history_and_heritage/conservation_areas Nobbys Lighthouse, Nobbys Road, Newcastle East NSW is on the Commonwealth Heritage List https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DNSW%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D3 5%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105373 Q2a. Where is the place? Address/location: The Coal River Precinct is situated at the southern entrance to the Port of Newcastle, New South Wales.
    [Show full text]
  • New South Wales Inquests, 1794; 10 June 2008 1
    New South Wales Inquests, 1794; 10 June 2008 1 SYD1794 Bench of Magistrates, Minutes of Proceedings Feb 1788 – Jan 1792, State Records N.S.W., SZ765 Murder of a Native Boy Bench of Magistrates Collins J.A., 17 October 1794 [375] Examination of the persons supposed to have murdered a Native Boy at the Hawkesbury, and the Evidence against them. ALEXANDER WILSON says that Robert Forrester informed him that he had shot a native Boy, and that he was induced to it from motives of humanity. The Boy having been previously thrown into the River by the neighbouring settlers, with his hands so tied, that it was impossible he could swim to the opposite side. ROBERT FORRESTER says that a large party of natives having appeared at the back of his Farm he alarmed his neighbours and went out to observe them. That in the road to the natives they met a Native Boy who they supposed was coming in for the purpose of discovering what arms they had. That they made him a prisoner; tied his hands behind his back [376] and delivered him to MICHAEL DOYLE to take to his [?]. That he was soon after alarmed by a cry from Doyles that the boy was escaped and had jumped into the River. That he and TWYFIELD immediately ran to the river and saw the boy swimming. That he then was prevailed on to shoot the boy by the importunities and testacies of all around. That the boy should get back to the natives and induce them to an attack by discovering there was no more than one musket in the whole neighbourhood.
    [Show full text]