Epistemological and Ethical Aspects of Research in the Social Sciences
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EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITED BY : Ulrich Dettweiler, Barbara Hanfstingl and Hannes Schröter PUBLISHED IN : Frontiers in Psychology and Frontiers in Education Frontiers eBook Copyright Statement About Frontiers The copyright in the text of individual articles in this eBook is the Frontiers is more than just an open-access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a property of their respective authors or their respective institutions or pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly funders. The copyright in graphics research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have and images within each article may be subject to copyright of other an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides parties. 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Find out more on how ISSN 1664-8714 to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by ISBN 978-2-88963-688-4 DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-688-4 contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: [email protected] Frontiers in Psychology 1 June 2020 | Research in the Social Sciences EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Topic Editors: Ulrich Dettweiler, University of Stavanger, Norway Barbara Hanfstingl, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Austria Hannes Schröter, German Institute for Adult Education (LG), Germany Citation: Dettweiler, U., Hanfstingl, B., Schröter, H., eds. (2020). Epistemological and Ethical Aspects of Research in the Social Sciences. Lausanne: Frontiers Media SA. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88963-688-4 Frontiers in Psychology 2 June 2020 | Research in the Social Sciences Table of Contents 04 Editorial: Epistemological and Ethical Aspects of Research in the Social Sciences Ulrich Dettweiler, Barbara Hanfstingl and Hannes Schröter 07 The Heuristic Value of p in Inductive Statistical Inference Joachim I. Krueger and Patrick R. Heck 23 Commentary: The Need for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing in Psychological Science Jose D. Perezgonzalez 26 Commentary: Psychological Science’s Aversion to the Null Jose D. Perezgonzalez, Dolores Frías-Navarro and Juan Pascual-Llobell 28 Should We Say Goodbye to Latent Constructs to Overcome Replication Crisis or Should We Take Into Account Epistemological Considerations? Barbara Hanfstingl 36 On the Development of a Computer-Based Tool for Formative Student Assessment: Epistemological, Methodological, and Practical Issues Martin J. Tomasik, Stéphanie Berger and Urs Moser 53 Why is Implementation Science Important for Intervention Design and Evaluation Within Educational Settings? Taryn Moir 62 Linearity vs. Circularity? On Some Common Misconceptions on the Differences in the Research Process in Qualitative and Quantitative Research Nina Baur 77 The Rationality of Science and the Inevitability of Defining Prior Beliefs in Empirical Research Ulrich Dettweiler 81 How to Crack Pre-registration: Toward Transparent and Open Science Yuki Yamada 84 Confounds in “Failed” Replications Paola Bressan 96 Quantitative Data From Rating Scales: An Epistemological and Methodological Enquiry Jana Uher 123 Book Review: Another Science is Possible Jose D. Perezgonzalez, Dolores Frías-Navarro and Juan Pascual-Llobell Frontiers in Psychology 3 June 2020 | Research in the Social Sciences EDITORIAL published: 11 March 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00428 Editorial: Epistemological and Ethical Aspects of Research in the Social Sciences Ulrich Dettweiler 1*, Barbara Hanfstingl 2 and Hannes Schröter 3 1 Department of Cultural Studies and Languages, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway, 2 Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Institute of Instructional and School Development, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria, 3 Department “Teaching, Learning, Counselling”, German Institute for Adult Education – Leibniz Centre for Lifelong Learning, Bonn, Germany Keywords: epistemology, methodology, data science, implementation science, Bayesian approach, replicability Editorial on the Research Topic Epistemological and Ethical Aspects of Research in the Social Sciences This Research Topic focuses on the questions “behind” empirical research in the social sciences, especially in psychology, sociology and education, and presents various ideas about the nature of empirical knowledge and the values knowledge is or should be based on. The questions raised in the contributions are central for empirical research, especially with respect to disciplinary and epistemological diversity among researchers. This diversity is also mirrored by the variety of article types collected in this issue, “Hypotheses & Theory,” “Methods,” “Conceptual Analyses,” “Review,” “Opinion,” “Commentary,” and “Book Review.” Krueger and Heck explore in their “Hypotheses & Theory” article “The Heuristic Value of p in Inductive Statistical Inference.” Taking up a very lively debate on the significance of null- hypothesis testing, they explore how well the p-value predicts what researchers presumably seek: the probability of the hypothesis being true given the evidence, and the probability of reproducing Edited and reviewed by: Douglas F. Kauffman, significant results. They furthermore investigate the effect of sample size on inferential accuracy, Medical University of the bias, and error. In a series of simulation experiments, they find that the p-value performs quite Americas – Nevis, United States well as a heuristic cue in inductive inference, although there are identifiable limits to its usefulness. *Correspondence: Krueger and Heck conclude that despite its general usefulness, the p-value cannot bear the full Ulrich Dettweiler burden of inductive inference; it is but one of several heuristic cues available to the data analyst. [email protected] Depending on the inferential challenge at hand, investigators may supplement their reports with effect size estimates, Bayes factors, or other suitable statistics, to communicate what they think the Specialty section: data say. This article was submitted to The argumentation of this article is flanked with a “Comment” on the article “The Need Educational Psychology, for Bayesian Hypothesis Testing in Psychological Science” (Wagenmakers