Pedigree Dogs Exposed

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Pedigree Dogs Exposed Hundens evolution, genetik och beteende, orienteringskurs Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning Stockholms universitet HT 2015 Grupparbete - bevarandeavel Pedigree dogs exposed Eira Grafström Joel Norr Eskil Persson Martina Sivautt Maria Westerberg Inledning När BBC-dokumentären Pedigree Dogs Exposed (PDE) sändes första gången den 19 augusti 2008 så väckte den starka reaktioner och skapade stor debatt om hundars hälsa i England. Den engelska kennelklubben håller varje år ett stort event för alla hundraser och år efter år kommer det hundar från världen över för att delta i denna prestigefyllda tävling. BBC gjorde en dokumentär om denna utställning, Crufts, med fokus på extremaveln. I dokumentären får vi träffa på hunden som vann titeln Best in Show, år 2003, en Pekines vid namn Danny blev nästan avstängd då den misstänktes för att ha genomgått en skönhetsoperation. Danny blev inte avstängd men dokumentären avslöjade att operationen var på grund av en allvarlig ärftlig sjudom och där rasstandarden bidrar till detta fel. Den extrema hundaveln ifrågasätts och kritiseras genom att dokumentären går djupare in på ett antal raser och undersöker hur aveln ser ut och vad vi bör göra ifall dessa raser ska överleva. Kennelklubben Den brittiska kennelklubben, som fick mycket hård kritik i dokumentären, slog till en början mest ifrån sig och anmälde programmet till Ofcom, den brittiska motsvarigheten till granskningsnämnden. Ofcom gav visserligen kennelklubben rätt på ett par punkter men friade PDE på de flesta andra punkterna. Detta ledde till att kennelklubben valde att inte medverka i uppföljaren Pedigree Dogs Exposed - Three years on. Kennelklubben tog i alla fall åt sig av den massiva kritiken och satte upp hårdare riktlinjer när det t.ex. gäller inavel. Nu är det inte tillåtet att avla hundar med nära familjeband (t.ex. syskon) med varandra. De har också satsat mer på att ta fram DNA-tester och utvecklat en funktion på sin hemsida som heter ”Mate select”. Där kan man bland annat få information om statistik, hälsotester och räkna ut inavelsgraden om man vill para två hundar eller hos en enskild hund. Rhodesian Ridgeback Filmen tar upp rasen Rhodesian Ridgeback som ett exempel där människan har avlat på sjuka individer för att bevara rasens utmärkande utseende, “ridgen”. Ridgen är en mutation som visar sig på ryggen på individen genom att håret växer åt andra hållet och då blir det en så kallad ridge. När PDE gjordes så var det skrivet i den engelska kennelklubbens rasbeskrivning att valpar födda utan denna mutation skulle avlivas. Detta har nu ändrats på grund av filmens genomslagskraft. Ett svenskt forskarteam har gjort en studie på förekomsten utav dermoid sinus (DS) hos Rhodesian Ridgeback-individer. Där framkommer det tydligt att individer med “ridgemutationen” har betydligt större risk att drabbas utav DS. För att koppla detta till grupparbetets tema, bevarandeavel, så tar vi upp vad forskar teamet rekommenderar när det gäller avel på Ridgeback. Två förslag presenterades i rapporten, först att man helt och håller skulle kunna avla bort sjukdomen DS hos Ridgeback genom att inte avla på individer med Ridge. Det skulle ta tid och vara krävande för hålla nere inavelsgraden men skulle enligt rapporten resultera i en friskare ras. Alternativ två var att avla med en med ridge och en utan, och på så vis minimera förekomsten av DS men samtidigt ha kvar ridgen. Detta är ett hett ämne och debatten forsätter. Mops PDE visade också på hälsoproblemen som finns inom rasen mops. Bland annat patellaluxation, partiellt kollapsad larynx (struphuvud), för lång mjuk gom, komplikationer pga utstående ögon och trånga näsborrar. Det förekommer också missbildningar i ryggraden som beror på att man avlat på att svansen ska vara så ringlad som möjligt. Efter programmet har den brittiska kennelklubben ändrat rasstandarden något. Nosen har ändrats från ”kort” till ”relativt kort”. Svansen nämns att den ska vara ” hårt ringlad över höften”, vilket är en mjukare formulering, men en dubbelringlad svans nämns fortfarande som högt önskvärd. Problemen inom rasen finns även i Sverige. Senast i somras tilldelades en mops Excellent på en utställning, trots att den hade andningsproblem pga för kort nos. Händelsen filmades och cirkulerade på internet i sociala medier där den kritiserades. SKK har i efterhand beklagat det hela, samt gjort ett skriftligt uttalande om att detta inte ska upprepas och hur det ska förebyggas. De redogör även kortfattat i uttalandet hur den fortsatta aveln ska arbeta för att komma tillrätta med hälsoproblemen. Domaren anser dock fortfarande att han gjorde rätt. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dokumentären tar också upp att hundar av rasen Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, som är en av Englands allra populäraste raser, lider av allvarliga ärftliga sjukdomar som Syringomyeli och hjärtfel i stor utsträckning. Det finns vissa som tycker att man ska förbjuda rasen av etiska hälsoskäl. Brittiska Vet. Association (BVA) och kennelklubben startade ett MRI screening schema för Syringomyeli hos rasen Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. Resultatet av det ska användas för att köpare ska få veta om uppfödare använder scannade hundar. Vissa inflytelserika uppfödare vill dock inte att resultaten ska bli offentliggjorda och vägrar att stödja MRI-scanning. Kennelklubben kommer inte att göra testerna obligatoriska utan stöd av individuella uppfödarklubbar. En engelsk uppfödare av Cavalier blev efter dokumentären utesluten ur uppfödarklubben för att hon avslöjade i dokumentären att en prisbelönt utställningshund led av sjukdomen Syringomyeli eftersom klubbens ’kod’ var att man inte fick prata negativt om rasen! I en notis från 26 november 2015 på kennelklubbens hemsida, står att läsa att man vill att engelska Cavalier-uppfödare ska delta i en undersökning av kennelklubben och BVA som har i syfte att samla synpunkter om hälsoscanningar och identifiera vad man kan göra för att förbättra hälsan hos denna populära ras. Man vill veta varför så få uppfödare av rasen väljer att göra MRI- scanningar för Syringomyeli och Mitralis Valv sjukdom. Sedan MRI-scanningstesten för Syringomyeli infördes för Cavalier King Charles Spaniels år 2012, har endast omkring 200 registrerade individer utvärderats! Slutsatser Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att den engelska kennelklubben, samt många uppfödare inte visat tillräckligt mycket engagemang för att genomföra de förändringar som är nödvändiga för att förbättra rasstandard och domarbedömningar av hundarna. Dokumentären kom fram till slutsatsen att ett oberoende statligt tillsynsorgan bör införas. Mycket lite har egentligen förändrats. Jemima Harrison (dokumentärens producent) har fortsatt att försöka lobba för att kennelklubben måste göra mycket mer. Fem år efter dokumentären menar hon att kennelklubben fortfarande förnekar problemen. Året efter PDE visades introducerar Crufts en avdelning som står för hälsa, där besökarna kan prata med experter för råd och information om hundavel. Domarna i tävlingen får även möjligheten att plocka bort ohälsosamma hundar från utställningsringen och hänvisa de till tävlingens veterinär som bestämmer ifall hunden blir diskvalificerad eller inte. År 2012 görs även ett tillägg till de nya reglerna gällande hundars hälsa. Vinnarna av Best of Breed av de raser som har tendens för sjukdomar på grund av exteriöra drag måste godkännas av veterinär, som finns på plats, innan de blir godkända som vinnare. Källor Filmer: Pedigree Dogs Exposed, BBC, 2008 Pedigree Dogs Exposed – Three years on, BBC, 2012 Tidskrifter: Intervju med Jemima Harrison (journalisten bakom BBC dokumentären PDE), Hundsport Special nr 3, 2012 Webbsidor: Cavaliersällskapets hemsida, http://www.cavaliersallskapet.net The Kennel Club, http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/ Pedigree Dogs Exposed: five years on, do dogs suffer less?, av Dr Pete Wedderburn, vethelpdirect.com, 5 sept, 2013 British Veterinary Association, http://www.bva.co.uk/ BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ The Cavalier Club, http://www.thecavalierclub.co.uk/ Crufts, http://www.crufts.org.uk/content/show-information/history-of-crufts/ http://pedigreedogsexposed.blogspot.se/2011/09/ridge-too-far.html http://pedigreedogsexposed.blogspot.se/2015/11/breaking-news-swedish-kc-criticises.html?m=1 .
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