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Petrographische Und Geochemische Untersuchungen an Archäologischer Keramik Aus Nordost-Syrien, Südost- Anatolien, Ost-Anatolien Und Ost-Georgien

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Petrographische Und Geochemische Untersuchungen an Archäologischer Keramik Aus Nordost-Syrien, Südost- Anatolien, Ost-Anatolien Und Ost-Georgien Petrographische und geochemische Untersuchungen an archäologischer Keramik aus Nordost-Syrien, Südost- Anatolien, Ost-Anatolien und Ost-Georgien D i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften der Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von Mustafa Kibaroğlu aus Ardeşen/Türkei 2008 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 04.02.2008 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Grathwohl 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Muharrem Satır 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Ernst Pernicka EIDESSTATTLICHE VERSICHERUNG Hiermit versichere ich, dass die vorliegende Arbeit mit dem Titel „Petrographische und geochemische Untersuchungen an archäologischer Keramik aus Nordost-Syrien, Südost- Anatolien, Ost-Anatolien und Ost-Georgien“ selbstständig und ohne Benutzung anderer als der von mir angegebenen Hilfsmittel verfasst habe. Alle Stellen, die wortgetreu oder sinngemäß aus anderen Veröffentlichungen entnommen sind, wurden als solche kenntlich gemacht. Diese Arbeit hat noch keine anderen Stellen zum Zwecke der Erlangung eines Doktor-Grades vorgelegt. Tübingen, 2008 (Mustafa KİBAROĞLU) Nana şḱimi şeni Für meine Mutter INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Danksagung ................................................................................................................................ 1 Zusammenfassung ...................................................................................................................... 3 Summary..................................................................................................................................... 7 Özet........................................................................................................................................... 10 KAPITEL 1 ALLGEMEINE EINFÜHRUNG............................................................................................... 14 1.1. Ziel der Arbeit.................................................................................................................... 16 1.2. Entstehung von Tonmaterial .............................................................................................. 19 1.3. Mineralogie und Geochemie der Sedimente...................................................................... 22 1.4. Archäometrische Untersuchungen an den Keramik........................................................... 27 1.5. Methoden zur Herkunftsbestimmung der Keramik............................................................ 28 1.5.1. Petrographische Methode (Dünnschliffanalyse)......................................................... 29 1.5.2. Geochemische Methode ............................................................................................. 33 1.5.2.1. Wellenlängendispersive Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (WDRFA)........................ 37 1.6. Probenauswahl ................................................................................................................... 40 1.7. Datenauswertung................................................................................................................ 41 KAPITEL 2 ARCHÄOMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN DEN KERAMIKWAREN AUS NORDOST-SYRIEN UND SÜDOST-ANATOLIEN.............................................................. 43 2.1. Einführung ......................................................................................................................... 43 2.2. Überblick über die Geologie Nordost-Syriens und Südost-Anatoliens ............................. 44 2.2.1. Nord-Syrien und Südost-Anatolien ............................................................................ 46 2.2.1.1. Die Arabische Plattform...................................................................................... 47 2.2.1.2. Imbrikationszone................................................................................................. 47 2.2.1.3. Deckenfaltungszone ............................................................................................ 48 2.3. Geochemische Eigenschaften natürlicher Tone aus NO-Syrien und SO-Anatolien .......... 52 2.3.1. Auswahl der Tonproben ............................................................................................. 52 2.3.2. Haupt- und Spurenelementzusammensetzung............................................................ 56 2.4. Dark Rimmed Orange Bowl-Ware (DROB-Ware)............................................................ 60 2.4.1. Einführung ...............................................................................................................60 2.4.2. Probenauswahl............................................................................................................63 2.4.3. Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................. 64 2.4.3. 1 Petrographische Analyse..................................................................................... 64 2.4.4. Chemische Untersuchungen ....................................................................................... 71 2.4.4.1. Charakterisierung und Klassifizierung der Ware ................................................ 71 2.4.5. Herkunft der Dark Rimmed Orange Bowl-Ware........................................................ 75 2.4.6. Diskussion und Zusammenfassung ............................................................................ 83 2.5. Graue Ware ........................................................................................................................ 86 2.5.1. Einführung.................................................................................................................. 86 2.5.2. Probenauswahl............................................................................................................90 2.5.3. Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................. 90 2.5.3.1. Petrographische Analysen................................................................................... 90 2.5.3.1.1. Petrographische Gruppe 1 (PG-1) .............................................................. 91 2.5.3.1.2. Petrographische Gruppe 2 (PG-2) .............................................................. 93 2.5.3.1.3. Petrographische Gruppe 3 (PG-3) .............................................................. 94 2.5.3.1.4. Petrographische Gruppe 4 (PG-4) .............................................................. 96 2.5.3.2. Chemische Analysen......................................................................................... 101 2.5.3.2.1. Chemische Charakterisierung und Klassifizierung der Grauen Ware. 101 2.5.4. Zur Herkunft der Grauen Waren .............................................................................. 108 2.5.5. Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................... 114 2.6. Nordmesopotamische Metallische Ware ......................................................................... 116 2.6.1. Einführung................................................................................................................ 116 2.6.2. Ziel der Analysen ..................................................................................................... 119 2.6.3. Probennahme und Vorgehensweise.......................................................................... 120 2.6.4. Ergebnisse der chemischen Analyse......................................................................... 121 2.6.4.1. Chemische Eigenschaften und Gruppierung der nordmesopotamischen Metallischen Ware ......................................................................................................... 121 2.6.5. Zur Herkunft der nordmesopotamischen Metallischen Ware................................... 123 2.6.5.1. Zur Herkunft der kalkreichen nordmesopotamischen Metallischen Ware........ 124 2.6.5.2. Zur Herkunft der kalkarmen nordmesopotamischen Metallischen Ware.......... 125 2.6.5.2.1. Untersuchungen zum Ausganggestein des Tonmaterials kalkarmer nordmesopotamischer Metallischer Ware...................................................... 127 KAPITEL 3 KURA-ARAKS WARE AUS SOS HÖYÜK, OST-ANATOLIEN................................. 134 3.1. Einführung ....................................................................................................................... 134 3.2. Probenauswahl und makroskopischen Merkmalen der Keramik..................................... 140 3.2.1. Die Keramik aus Sos Höyük .................................................................................... 140 3.4. Überblick über die Geologie Ost-Anatoliens und die Erzurum-Region .......................... 143 3.5. Ergebnisse........................................................................................................................ 146 3.5.1. Petrographische Analysen ........................................................................................ 146 3.5.1.1.Petrographische Gruppe 1 (PG-1) ................................................................ 147 3.5.1.2. Petrographische Gruppe 2 (PG-2)..................................................................... 149 3.5.1.3. Petrographische Gruppe 3 (PG-3)..................................................................... 151 3.5.1.4. Petrographische Gruppe 4 (PG-4)..................................................................... 152 3.6. Chemische Analysen.......................................................................................................
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