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Fabales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Amborellales Fabales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Acorales G Eenzaadlobbigen G Alismatales Petrosaviales Deze orde is met 3 families uitg Pandanales omgrensd op basis van molecul Dioscoreales De relaties tussen de families zi Liliales Asparagales duidelijk. Arecales Er zijn overeenkomsten in de ba Dasypogonales Poales rbcL-gen en het atpB-gen in het G Commeliniden G Commelinales van het 18S-gen in het ribosom Zingiberales Andere gemeenschappelijke ke Ceratophyllales voorkomen van een groot, groe bepaalde soorten vaten in het t Chloranthales Canellales De nieuwkomers in deze orde, d Piperales Surianaceae en de Vleugeltjesb G Magnoliiden G Magnoliales (Polygalaceae) werden tot voor Laurales Rosiden geplaatst. Ranunculales Sabiales Proteales Trochodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Berberidopsidales Dilleniales Caryophyllales Santalales Saxifragales G Geavanceerde tweezaadlobbigen G Vitales Crossosomatales Geraniales Myrtales Zygophyllales Celastrales Malpighiales Quillajaceae G Fabiden G Oxalidales Fabaceae Fabales Surianaceae Rosales Polygalaceae Cucurbitales Fagales Brassicales G G Fabales Malviden Malvales This order has been enlarged with 3 Sapindales supported by molecular characters. Cornales relationships between the families a Ericales G Asteriden G There are similarities in the base seq Garryales and the atpB-gene in the chloropla G Lamiiden G Gentianales Solanales gene in the ribosomal nuclear DNA Lamiales characters are a large, green embry certain vessel elements. Aquifoliales G Campanuliden G Apiales Dipsacales The newcomers in this order, Quillaj 14 Asterales Polygalaceae, were formerly placed Fabales I Quillajaceae Een familie met maar 1 geslacht met 3 soorten van kleine, altijdgroene bomen uit gematigde gebieden in Zuid-Amerika. De bladeren staan in een spiraal, en zijn enkelvoudig Deze orde is met 3 families uitgebreid en goed en gezaagd, met steunblaadjes. Het meest opvallend omgrensd op basis van moleculaire kenmerken. zijn de regelmatige, 5-tallige bloemen, met de De relaties tussen de families zijn nog niet helemaal meeldraden in 2 kransen, en de sterk gelobde duidelijk. vruchten met gevleugelde zaden. Tot nu toe werd dit geslacht altijd in de Rozenfamilie geplaatst, wat gezien de bloemen niet zo vreemd is. Er zijn overeenkomsten in de basenvolgorde van het Op grond van moleculaire en houtanatomische rbcL-gen en het atpB-gen in het chloroplast-DNA, en kenmerken is het beter op zijn plaats in de Fabales, van het 18S-gen in het ribosomaal kern-DNA. alleen wel als aparte familie. Andere gemeenschappelijke kenmerken zijn het De bast bevat zoveel saponine dat dit in brandblusser voorkomen van een groot, groen embryo, en van wordt toegepast. De bast wordt ook gebruikt in gene bepaalde soorten vaten in het transportweefsel. zeep, vooral die van Quillaja saponaria, een boom uit De nieuwkomers in deze orde, de Quillajaceae, Surianaceae en de Vleugeltjesbloemfamilie (Polygalaceae) werden tot voor kort elders in de Rosiden geplaatst. Judasboom: stam met bloemen; bladeren; bloem I Vlinderbloemenfamilie (Fabaceae) Deze familie is, met 10% van de tweezaadlobbigen, n zo’n 18000 soorten de grootste familie van bloemplan vaak eetbare zaden economisch gezien een erg belan alleen voorbijgestreefd door de Grassen. De Vlinderbloemenfamilie komt overal ter wereld voo wetenschappelijke naam is Fabaceae, afgeleid van het maar de familie wordt ook wel Leguminosae (naar de Quillajaceae Kruidje-roer-me-niet Fabaceae Papilionaceae (naar de bloemen) genoemd. Surianaceae Vlinderbloemigen kunnen bomen, struiken en kruiden Polygalaceae verspreide, samengestelde bladeren. De bloemen zijn 2-zijdig symmetrisch, waarbij het bovenste kroonblad opvallend is, en de onderste 2 kroonbladen met elkaa Fabales de typische ‘vlinderbloem’. De vrucht is meestal een p De familie is zo groot, dat hij is onderverdeeld in 4 gr This order has been enlarged with 3 families, and is well supported by molecular characters. However, the G Cercidae: Bomen en lianen met schijnbaar enkelvou relationships between the families are not yet clear. belangrijke bomen als Bauhinia en Cercis, die zijn b There are similarities in the base sequences of the rbcL-gene G Caesalpinoideae: Met een variabele bloeivorm, en g and the atpB-gene in the chloroplast DNA, and of the 18S en de Tamarinde (Tamarindus indica). gene in the ribosomal nuclear DNA. Other common characters are a large, green embryo, and characters of G Mimosoideae: Bomen en struiken met kleine bloem certain vessel elements. Kruidje-roer-me-niet behoort. The newcomers in this order, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae, and G Faboideae: De grootste groep, meest kruiden met t Polygalaceae, were formerly placed elsewhere in the Rosids . de meeste eetbare peulvruchten, en Zoethout, Glyc I Quillajaceae Een familie met maar 1 geslacht met 3 soorten van kleine, altijdgroene bomen uit gematigde gebieden in Zuid-Amerika. De bladeren staan in een spiraal, en zijn enkelvoudig en gezaagd, met steunblaadjes. Het meest opvallend zijn de regelmatige, 5-tallige bloemen, met de meeldraden in 2 kransen, en de sterk gelobde vruchten met gevleugelde zaden. Tot nu toe werd dit geslacht altijd in de Rozenfamilie geplaatst, wat gezien de bloemen niet zo vreemd is. Op grond van moleculaire en houtanatomische kenmerken is het beter op zijn plaats in de Fabales, alleen wel als aparte familie. De bast bevat zoveel saponine dat dit in brandblussers wordt toegepast. De bast wordt ook gebruikt in geneesmiddelen en in Quillaja saponaria, takje met zeep, vooral die van Quillaja saponaria, een boom uit Chili. vrucht en bloemen, bloem Judasboom: stam met bloemen; Tamarinde: takje, bloem en vrucht bladeren; bloem I Vlinderbloemenfamilie (Fabaceae) Deze familie is, met 10% van de tweezaadlobbigen, na de Orchideeën en de Composieten, met 642 geslachten en zo’n 18000 soorten de grootste familie van bloemplanten. Het is, vooral vanwege de vaak eetbare zaden economisch gezien een erg belangrijke familie en wordt hierin alleen voorbijgestreefd door de Grassen. De Vlinderbloemenfamilie komt overal ter wereld voor. Een veelgebruikte wetenschappelijke naam is Fabaceae, afgeleid van het geslacht Faba, maar de familie wordt ook wel Leguminosae (naar de vrucht) of Papilionaceae (naar de bloemen) genoemd. Vlinderbloemigen kunnen bomen, struiken en kruiden zijn, met Acacia pycnantha: bloeiend takje en bloem verspreide, samengestelde bladeren. De bloemen zijn 5-tallig en meestal 2-zijdig symmetrisch, waarbij het bovenste kroonblad, de vlag, het meest opvallend is, en de onderste 2 kroonbladen met elkaar zijn vergroeid: de typische ‘vlinderbloem’. De vrucht is meestal een peul. De familie is zo groot, dat hij is onderverdeeld in 4 grote groepen: G Cercidae: Bomen en lianen met schijnbaar enkelvoudige bladeren; in deze groep zitten belangrijke bomen als Bauhinia en Cercis, die zijn bloemen direct op het oude hout draagt. G Caesalpinoideae: Met een variabele bloeivorm, en geslachten als Senna, Cassia, Caesalpinia De pin en de Tamarinde (Tamarindus indica). G Mimosoideae: Bomen en struiken met kleine bloemetjes zoals Acacia en Mimosa, waartoe het Kruidje-roer-me-niet behoort. G Faboideae: De grootste groep, meest kruiden met typische vlinderbloemen; hieronder vallen de meeste eetbare peulvruchten, en Zoethout, Glycyrrhiza glabra. Vlinderbloemigen hebben als bijzonderheid dat ze wortelknolletjes met stikstofbindende bacteriën hebben en bijzondere aminozuren maken. Ze worden vaak als veevoer en als groenbemester gebruikt. De zaden en vruchten zijn in veel culturen een belangrijke voedselbron. Veel Vlinderbloemigen worden als sierplant gekweekt, zoals bij ons de Goudenregen, Brem, Lupine en Lathyrus. In Nederland komen bijna 30 geslachten van deze familie in het wild voor. I Surianaceae Surianaceae is een familie van houtige gewassen uit warme en tropische gebieden, die het meest in Australië voorkomen, maar ook wel in Mexico. De familie telt 5 geslachten met 8 soorten, die nogal van elkaar verschillen, behalve in houtanatomische kenmerken. Ze hebben allemaal 5-tallige, regelmatige bloemen met vrije kelk- en kroonbladen, 10 meeldraden en 1-5 vruchtbeginsels. De vrucht is een bes, steenvrucht of nootje. Net als Quillaja werd deze familie vroeger in de Rosales geplaatst, maar ook wel in de Hemelboomfamilie (Simaroubaceae, nu Sapindales) of Rutales. Een wijdverspreide plant van deze familie is Suriana maritima, die langs tropische kustgebieden voorkomt. Suriana maritima: takje met bloemen en vruchten I Vleugeltjesbloemfamilie (Polygalaceae) Deze vrij grote familie telt 18 geslachten en ruim 1000 soorten van bomen, lianen en kruiden, die soms geen chlorofyl hebben. De bladeren zijn enkelvoudig, zonder steunblaadjes, soms tegenoverstaand. Ze bevatten vaak saponinen. Vleugeltjesbloemen komen wereldwijd voor, behalve in Nieuw Zeeland en het poolgebied. Het meest opvallend zijn de tweezijdig symmetrische bloemen, waarvan enkele kelkbladen, de vleugeltjes, vaak opvallend fel gekleurd zijn. Hierdoor lijken de bloemen wel een beetje op die van de Vlinderbloemenfamilie, maar ze zijn toch anders van opbouw: Vleugeltjesbloemen hebben vaak slechts 3 kroonbladen, die tot een gespleten buis zijn vergroeid. In de familie komen ook meerzijdig symmetrische bloemen voor. De vrucht is vaak een afgeplatte doosvrucht. Sommige soorten Vleugeltjesbloemen en soorten van Securidaca worden als sierplant gekweekt. In Nederland komen 3 soorten Vleugeltjesbloem (Polygala) in het wild voor. Het zijn kleine kruiden, die groeien op standplaatsen die in ons land nog steeds in oppervlak achteruitgaan: vochtige heidegrond,
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