20c APR-'L 1966 VOL 2 MOVEMENT NO.4 Pub Iished by $2OC The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee of California Schenley Signs! National DiGiorgio Boycott Organized

WEST OF WOl, CALIFORNIA -- The The agreement on the part of the NFWA marchers from Delano had been expecting was to end the strike and picketing of the DELANO PILGRIMAGE: P. 3-6 something to happen for days. On Monday Schenley Ranch in Delano and call off the night at the fiesta in Stockton, Cesar Cha­ National boycott of Schenley products. Both The Brown - Di Giorgio Plan was rejected vez announced to a closed meeting of the are suspended until a satisfactory contract by the NFWA. However, Governor ~rown Wide Open Future pilgrims that the Schenley Corporation is reached or until negotiations breakdown. asked the State Mediation Service to enter The Schenley agreement meansthe begin­ wanted to talk. He asked their permission The agreement was s i g ned by Cesar into the Di Giorgio strike. A meeting called ning of wide changes in farm labor and in the to leave the Pflgrimage. They granted it. Chavez and the attorney for Schenley, and by the State Mediation Service in Fresno NFWA. Barring tough fighting from the Neither the marchers nor Cesar knew was witnessed by William Kircher, Direc­ a week after the pilgrimage was ignored Meany supporters in the AFL-CIO and jur­ what was going to be discussed. So the news tor of Organizationfor the AFL-CIO. Kirch­ by the NFWA. isdictional fighting from other unions, both on Wednesday morning was a complete er was in great partresponsiblefor bringing "We are happy to see that the Di Giorgio AFL and independent, which may decide now surprise. The group was about 3 miles the two parties together. According to one Corporation has accepted our proposal for to jump into thefarm laborfield, theNation- , west of Lodi when Cesar called from Los source, there was so m e disagreement elections at the Sie;:-ra Vista Ranch -- a al Farm Workers Associationis the organi­ Angeles. among the AFL-CIO officials involved over proposal they rejected several weeks ago," zation qf farm 'laborers. The radio-telephone car was parked by the question of participation by the AFL­ said the NFWA reply to Robert Di Giorgio. The leaders of the NFWA see an explo­ the road. The reception was poor and the CIO's AWOC in the agreement. AWOC does "We feel that thegoverning rules for such sion of organizing all over California. conversation was cut off once. By the time not have a certified labor dispute at the an election should be those the National There is speculation about beginning organ­ the message was delivered, the marchers Schenley Ranch (nor atthe DiGiorgio ranch). Labor Relations Board would use if they izing in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and were a half-mile up the road. When the truck Meanyites within the AFL-CIO are not were holding the election." the South. A contract with Schenley means caught up, they were resting in the shade. strong supporters of the NFWA, which they "We refuse to be a party to any agree­ , the NFWA has to set up and administrate Roberto Bustos, jefe of the Pilgrimage, recognize as a potential liberalizing force ment that involves the Kern-Tulare lnde­ a hiring hall; it means a system of stew­ Tony Mendez,. NFWA staff member, and within the labor movement. pendent Farm Workers Association." The ards, contract enforcement, bureaucracy. T ann n, Press secretary for the The dispute at the Schenley Ranch, it K-T IFW is a collection ofDelano business­ But it means power. And to consolidate an( Pilgrimage, climbed on top of a car under was agreed, was between Schenley and the men, contractors and superVisors qUickly take advantage of new power a bureau­ a tree. Cannon made the announcement in NFWA. AWOC was not made a party to the assembled last Fallto counteracttheNFWA. cracy is necessary. "That's part of the English and Bustos translated. "We have agreement. Copies of the Di Giorgio proposal had price we have to pay," says Cesar Chavez. won a great Victory," he said. "Schenley Within a week, the shock of the Schen­ been sent to the NFWA, AWOC and the Kern­ "It doesn't mean we'll be any less mili­ has signed an agreement with us." It took ley agreement had begun to mock a whole Tulare ~ou2'_ tant. It does mean we have to organize a a long time for the marchers to get quiet lot of apples out of the tree. Di Giorgio Boycott more efficient office." again. One, who had walked all the way, The NFWA is putting the movement back The NFWA announced at the Easter rally began to cry. into the labor movement. When theSchenley at the Capitol that it was beginning a na­ The Brown-Di Giorgio Plan agreement was signed a labor officialof­ tion - wide boycott of Di Giorgio products. The giant Di Giorgio Corporation ap­ fered Chavez a big cigar. "I don't smoke The boycott will begin with TREE-SWEET Not a Contract-Yet proached the NFWA, in the words of Cesar cigars," Cesar demurred. "But you have to FRUIT JUICES and S & W FINE FOODS, The S c hen ley agreement is not a con­ Chavez, , 'bearing an olive branch in one smoke them" said ,the amazed official. wholly-owned'Di Giorgio subsidiaries. The tract -- yet. The terms are: hand and a sword in the other." Without There are more surprises instorefor the national apparatus of the Schenley boycott: 1) That the Schenley Corporation recog­ contacting ,the NFWK first, Robert Di labor movement: Cesar drinks tea, not centers in 60 cities -- will be Switched nizes the NFWA as the sole bargaining Giorgio, a lcorporation 'vice - president, coffee, and the young Mexican-Americans ! over to Di Giorgio. agent for all its agricultural laborers in called a press coriference in which he an­ who are moving up to positions ofimportance Kern and Tulare Counties. nounced his plan for solving the' 'mutually "We will be recruiting 300 students to in the Association think and act like SNCC 2) That the Schenley Corporation recog­ unsatisfactory;' labor situation in Delano. work full time on the Di Giorgio boycott field secretaries, not 0 ffi cia1s of toe nizes that the majority of its agricultural ~ it he called for elections of Di Giorgio this summer," said Rev. jim Drake, na- Plumbers Union. tional coordinator. "It will be aimed at I _ employees want this to be so. workers, but tied them in tightly with pre­ 3) That negotiations for a written contract conditions: compulsory arbitration ~e­ the housewife. We will do all we can to will begin within 30 days and conclude with­ jected by every labor union in the country) link the Di Giorgio brand names with in 90. and a clause calling for no strikes "during rural poverty." J' "FARMWORKER FRIEND "OON'T BUY SCHENLEY" signs were negotiations or during or after arbitration." The wide Catholic support ofthe Pilgrim­ passed up to the car and torn in half. "What it all adds up to," said one union .age and the strike put the squeeze on OF THE YEAR" AWARD Then a minister, marching with the group, member, "is this: Di Giorgio will set up Catholic grape growers and those that sell offered a prayer of thanks for the good a company union on his ranch if we can to Catholic churches. The Christian Broth­ news. Leaving the Schenley signs behind, get 51% of the scabs to vote for it." ers Winery, which had refused to negotiate the pilgrims picked up the flags and ban­ The Di Giorgio proposal was worked in the Fall, qUickly recognized the NFWA ners and the Our Lady of Guadalupe and out, according to a very reliable source, as the bargaining agent for their field began to march again. Schenley is only one by Robert Di Giorgio and William Becker, workers. The next target will be growers of 35 growers who are being struck. Assistant to Governor Brown. , that sell wine for sacramental use.

GOVERNOR 165 ARRESTED IN GEORGIA BOYCOTT • FLAG INCIDENT BROWN gration. t'orty Negro childrenwere enrolled CORDELE, GEORGIA -- One hundred this year in white schools under the free More than 500 Negro students in Cordele and fifty Negro demonstrators were ar­ choice system. boycotted junior and senior high' schoolS­ This man refused to meet 8,000 people rested April,4 as they picketed in support Demonstrations beg a n March 28 and since the demonstrations started. Among 'who came to see him Easter Sunday, includ­ of a boycott of the segregated junior and reached a climax March 31 when two groups them were twelfth-graders who were in ing 75 who had walked 300 miles from senior high schools of Crisp County. They of 250 Negro students marched to the Crisp the first grade when the 1954 Supreme Court Delano, California. He said, "The request were charged with disturbing the peace. County Court House and loweredtheGeorgia school integration decision was handed of the farm workers to see me on Easter It was the second set of arrests since and US flags. Local white officials claimed down and have gone to segregated schools is unreasonable." Negro students marched to the court house that the US flag was "defiled" and have ever since. This man refused to push legislation March 31 and took down the US and Georgia brought the act to national attention. Negro schools in Cordele have no science, needed by the farm workers through the flags. Several days after the "flag incident" (U.S. Rep. Maston O'Neal of Bainbridge, equipment. Many lack bathroom facilities, state government this year. He said, "It fifteen protesters, including three SNCC Ga., has introduced legislation making dese­ libraries and adequate textbooks. TheSouth­ is too controversial for an election year. field secretaries and two northern students, , cration of the flag a federal crime punish­ view junior High has no play area and is It will have to wait until 1967." were arrested and charged with conspiracy able by a $10,000 fine or five years in surrounded by a fence topped with barbed This 'man's office worked together with and defiling a US flag. prison.) wire. Robert DiGiorgio to propose a contract for The students and parents are protesting C.B. King, attorney for the demonstra­ Neighboring Baker County recently be­ farm workers that includes compulsory segregated and inferior schooling which tors, has introduced evidence in county came the first county in the south to have bargaining and blanket no-strike demands. has persisted despite the operation of a court stating, that the flag was not dam­ federal school funds denied because of a He and Robert DiGiorgio' went to high federally approved plan of',school inte- aged by the demonstrators. lousy school integration plan. school together. DATE!'INE SACRAMENTO· JEROME SAMPSON POVERTY POLITICS THE PLAN OF DELANO Only slightly new wrinkles are showing budget just before the tough fall election up on the surface of the current legislative campaigns. '·Fcirmworker's Mani'fesfo session. The needs of the poor are low on Won't 'Pay the Rent the totem pole as the legislators andAdmin­ P LAN for the liberation of the.Farm Workers associated with the Delano Grape Strike - The-houSi:ng-allowances given to ,low­ istration struggle for political advantage in the State of California, seeking socialjusticein farm labor with those·'reforms that they income families. under the AFDC program in an election year. The fight gets rough believe necessary for their well-being as workers in these United States. are much lower than the market cost of at times, and principles of human need and hOUSing in most counties. 23 counties have We, the undersigned, gathered in .Pilgrimage to the-capital of the State in ~acramento in decency do not carry much weight. asked permission to increase the housing On the poverty front, basic issues are penance for all the faiUngs of· Farm Workers as free and sovereign men, do solemly sidetracked or ignored: attention is focused allowance. This must be passed on by the declare before the civilized world which judges our actions, and before the nation to' which· on the so-called anti-poverty programs in Legislature; the chances of passing this we belong, the propOSitions we have formulated to end the injustice that oppresses us.' compensatory.education, one-stop service $5 million bill are very poor. centers and re-training -- less important Ptomis~ We are conscious of the historical significance of our Pilgrimage. It is clearly evident programs. tread that our pathtravels through a valley wellknown to all Mexican farm workers. We know all The 1965 session passed the Shoemaker of these towns of Delano, Madera, Fresno, Modesto, Stockton and Sacramento, because Tricky tioo-kkeepiT!g Bill, allotting $100,000 to help ~he organi­ along this·very sameroad,inthisverysame valley, the Mexican race has sacrificed itself The big conflict over the budget seems zation of welfare recipients. Not a dime of for the last hundred years. Our sweat and our blood have fallen on this land to make other to revolve around how medical care pro­ this has been paid out to any welfare rights, men rich. This Pilgrimage is a witness to the suffering we have seen for generations. grams will use thenewfederalmoney avail­ group. Everyone in authority inSacramento The Penance we accept symbolizes the suffering we shall have in order to bring justice able. But instead of committments to im­ sat on his hands when ~t came to distribu­ to these same towns, to this same valley. The Pilgrimage we make symbolizes the long prove needed medical and hospital care, ting this money. Now this amount· has been historical road we have travelled in this valley alone, and the long road we have yet to the fight in Sacramento is about •'fiscal cut out of the budgetfor next year and it may travel, with much penance, in order to bring about the Revolution we need, and for which responsibilitY." . not get back in. we present the propositions in the follOWing PLAN: For many years, the State Welfare De­ That's the story of this session: money 1. This is the beginning of a social movement in fact and not in pronouncements. We partment has been juggling the books. They· taken from the poor is used to balance the seek our basic, God-given rights as human beings. Because we have suffered -- and are overestimate the possible spending for the budget, the medically-needy get only a not afraid to suffer -- in order to survive, we are ready to give up everything, even our aged, blind, disabled; then they use the fraction of what is theirs by law, the hous­ lives, in our fight for social justice. We shall do it without violence because that is our •'savings" to help balance the general state ing allowances are kept so low that parents . destiny. To the ranchers, and to all those who oppose us, we say, in the words of Benito budget. must rob their children of food to pay the Juarez, "EL RESPETO AL DERECHO AJENO ES LA PAZ:' The same trick is being applied to the rent, and projects promised in '65 are not new medicalprogram. Experts seemto think delivered in '66 and may be dead in '67. 2. We seek the support of all political groups and protection of the government, which is that the full program of preventive medical Until the low-income groups .get the also our government, in our struggle. For too many years we have been treated like the care will be cut back in practice to just organizational strength to makeSacramento lowest of the low. Our wages and working conditions have been determined from above, hospital and post-hospital care. The dif­ do what they want done, the political pros because irresponsible legislators who could have helped us, have supported the rancher's ference in cost between the paper program will do what pros always do with weak argument that the plight of the Farm Worker was a "special case." They saw the obvious and the real one will help bail out the state amateurs -- use them without mercy. effects of an unjust system, starvation wages, contractors day hauls, forced migration, sickness, illiteracy, camps and sub-human living conditions, and acted as if they were irremediable causes. The farm worker has been abandoned to his own fate -- without Stee~ing representation, without power -- subject to mercy and caprice of the rancher. We are Fresno Conference Of Poor tired of words, of betrayals, of indifference. To the politicians we say that the years are Some victories were reported. An evic­ gone when the farm worker said nothing and did nothing to help himself. From this By Ellen Estrin tion from Housing Authority property in movement shall spring leaders who shall understand us, lead us, be faithful to us, and we FRESNO, CALIFORNIA -- "The purpose San Francisco's Hunters Point had been shall elect them to represent us. WE SHALL BE HEARD. of the California Federation of the Poor stopped. is to promote and protect the general In Oakland there is a move to get poor 3. We seek, and have, the support of the Church in what we do. At the head of the Pil­ welfare and security of the poor by the people onto the Housing Authority Commis­ grimage we carry LA VIRGEN DE LA GUADALUPE because she is ours, all ours, Patron­ consolidation of social, politican and econ­ sion. In the San Francisco Mission Area ness of the Mexican people, We also carrythe Sacred cross and the Star of David because omic power of the poor in California." a seven-month long strike of tenants, con­ we are not sectarians, and because we ask the help and prayers of all religions. All men This statement was adopted by the steer­ ducted by the Mission Tenants Council, is are brothers, sons of the same God; that is why 'Yooe say to all men of good will, in the ing committee of the Federation, which still going on. words of Pope Leo XIIl, '~Everyone's first duty is to protect the workers from the greed met here last month. The Welfare Rights caucus decided to set of speculators who use human beings as instruments to provide themselves with money. Most of the delegates -- representing up a statewide welfare rights organization It is neither just nor human to oppress men with excessive work to the point where their welfare rights groups, tenants councils, in which each local has one vote. minds become enfeebled and their bodies worn out." GOD SHALL NOT ABANDON US. and anti-poverty groups -- came to Fresno The spirit of militancy was most evident to solve the problems of their Iocalorgani­ on Sunday. When some delegates expressed 4. We are suffering. We have suffered, and we are not afraid to suffer in order to win zations: how to fight their Housing Authori­ hesitancy at holding the May convention in our cause. We have suffered unnumbered ills and crimes in the name of the Law of the ty, how to get people to come to a meeting, Fontana, California because an integrated Land. Our men, women, and children have suffered not only the basic brutality of stoop how to raise money. These questions were group might cause trouble, the response labor, and the most obvious injustices ofthesystem; they have also suffered the despera­ not discussed during the two-day meeting. was strong. "Wherever we go there's tion of knowing that that system caters to the greed ofcallous men and not to our needs. The steering committee spent most of the trouble. Every time we fight for our rights Now we will suffer for the purpose of ending the poverty, the misery, and the injustice, time trying to work out a structure for a somebody's got their shotgun out. That's with the hope that our children will not be exploited as we have been. statewide organization of the poor and the way it is." making plans for a· large conference in A delegate from Fontana said, "We need 5. We shall unite. We have learned the meaning of UNITY. We know why these United May. the convention there in order to help us States are just that' -- united. The strength of the poor is also in union. We know that the Problems of local groups were talked organize the poor to wreck the power poverty of the Mexican or Filipino worker in California is the sam~ a:; that of all farm about in caucuses. In the tenants' council structure." The convention will be held workers across the country, the Negroes and poor'Whites, the Puer.to Ric'ans, Japanese, caucus it was reported that while in San in Fontana, May 28 to 30. . and Arabians: in short, all of the races that comprise tlie oppress~d 'rn.\norities of the Francisco tenant groups had benefitedfrom On the way home to the Bay Area, 15 United States. The majority of the people on our Pllgrimageare.of·M;exican·descent, but the previous Oakland convention -- other delegates stopped along Highway 99 and the triumph of our race depends on a national association of all Ia!"m workers. The areas where localorganizations wereweak­ marched with the Pilgrimage offarm work­ ranchers want to keep us divided in order to keep us weak. Many of us· have signed indi­ er had not been able to coordinate activity. ers from Delano. vidual "work contracts" with the ranchers or contractors, contracts irt which they had all the power. These contracts were farces, one more cynical joke at our impotence. That Congressman Attacks Pro-Strike Center , is why we mustgettogether and bargain collectively. We must use the only strength that we DEL REY, CALIFORNIA -- Congressman The CCeD was organized by a group of have, the force of our numbers. The ranchers are few; we are many. UNITED WE SHALL Bernard Sisk made a full-scale effort professional social workers who wanted to STAND. last month to kill a grant by the OEO to provide technical assistance to grass-roots 6. We shall Strike. We shall pursue the REVOUrrION we have proposed. We are sons the California Centerfor Community Devel- organizing efforts in ghettos .. and rural of the Mexican Revolution, a revolution ofthepoor seeking bread and justice. Our'revolu­ opment, headquartered in this small farm areas. The grant was to be used to train tion will not be armed, but we· want the existing social order to dissolve, we want a new worker's town south of Fresno. internes for organizingefforts among Mexi­ social order. We are poor, we are humble, and our only choice is to Strike in those can - American workers. Among those to ranches where we are not treated with the respect we deserve as working men, where THE MOVEMENT staff the grant project were George Ballis, our rights as free and sovereign men are not recognized. We do not want de paternalism 18 pubJishecl mootbly by the staff Of die· SNCC Field Secretary, who quit his post of the rancher: we do not want the contractor; we do not want charity at de price of our StucIeDt Nonviolent Coordlnadng Committee as editor of the Valley Labor Citizen, a dignity. We want to be equal with all the working men in the nation: we want a just wage, ~ CalIfornia. Fresno labor paper, to join the CCCD better working conditions, a decent future for our children. To those who oppose us, be staff; and Chuck Gardinier, one of the they ranchers, police, politicians, or speculators, we say that we are going to continue alrroRlAL OFFIt."E: coordinators of the Pilgrimagefrom Delano fighting until we die, or we win. WE ;:>HALL OVERCOME. . 449 14th street, to Sacramento, who. was to direct the San FranCisco, California project. Across the San Joaquin Valley, across California, across the entire Southwest of the According to the New York Times, Sisk United States, wherever there are Mexican people, wherever there are farm workers, IDrroRlAL GROU£,: •'reflecting the anger of the growers," our movement is spreading like flames across a dry plain. Our PILGRIMAGE is the convinced influential House members that MATCH that will light our cause for all farm workers to see what is happening here, so Terence Cannon CCCD, a highly respectable group if there that they may do as we have done. The time has come fOT the liberation of the poor George Ballis Bobbi Cieciorka ever was one, was ' 'Communist - influ­ farm worker. Gerhard Gscheidle Ellen Estrin enced." The grant was held up. Brooks Penney Bernice Glenn In a Washington meeting with Sergeant History is on our side. Frank Cieciorka Tim Hall Shriver, Shriver listed five conditions that Lai ANGELES COMMn"I'EE: CCCD must meet to get the grant back. They were: 478-9509 I VIVA LA (AUIAI Bob Niemann 1) Move the organizing project head­ sue Douglas Martin Van Buren quarters out of Sisk's district. Beth Hoffman 2) Remove Chuck Gardinier from the directorship. LOS ANGE LES ADDRESS: 3) Take down the pro-strike signs from P.O. Box 117 the project windows, and stop distributing 308 Westwood Plaza pro-strike literature such as EI Malcriado Los Angeles 24, Calif. and The Movement. We will remember the past month for a long time -- Wilh gladness for the successes 4) No grant money to be used to organ­ of the farm workers in California,butwithsadness for the loss of three freedom fighters, $2 per year, individual copies each of whom died because they could not live without being in the struggle for human $3 per bundredper month, ize unions of agricultural workers. 5) No grant money to be used to support dignity. Dow Wilson, San Francisco; Lulu Bell Johnson, Greenwood, Mississippi; Tonya bulk subscriptions. the strike. Meade, New York City. The. maS$ that'started the Pilgrimage was held in the dirt bac.k,:yard:.of .tJi..e~ office of the NFWA. The altar was made of Coca':'Cola" cases; the Host was held in a Skippy Peanut l Butter ja.r. A.s the pilgrims moved out, the Delano Police Chi~f announce'd they could not march through town; a police cordon was set up 'at the intersection. Father Kenney led a praye'r for the souls of the policemen: after the Amen, he cried

The first night stop -­ Ducor, a grower town. Not enough shelter. The marchers crammed into five small wooden houses;, some slept outside. There were not enough boots, sleeping bags, water. Ev­ erything was new: the or­ ganizers were exhausted; the marchers sat in kitch­ ens and went to sleep. Who had ever done such a thing before? The next day donations of shoes and sleeping bags ar­ rived; a radio - telephone truck, one woman cooked breakfast for 60. Neve r again did they have to go hungry or sleep inthe cold: the farmworkers of Cali­ fornia were learning about the Pilgrimage. The choice of towns was deliberate: Porterville, Lin d say, Farmersville. ·.t. Cutler, Parlier•. .farm­ workers' towns. They res­ p(;ln,ded with all they had.

. lri " Porterville the Pilgrimage was met by a three-man band -­ accordiah,'guitar and snare drum -- three farm workers, who joined 'the march for several days. 300joinedthe line as it paraded into Farm­ ersville. Huge meals were cooked in parks, social halls, churches; the tall scarlet NFWA banner hung between trees, over the fronts of buildings. The first week the Pilgrimage belonged only to the people. There were no newspaper men and TV cameras; the rest of the world seemed to be waiting to see if this strange march was serious and would succeed. The workers in the towns and fields did not need the newspapers -- they saw the Pilgrimage themselves -- they knew what was meant by "Peregrinacion, Penitencia, Revolucion:'

Special MOVEMENT Supplement

Il& .. Photos by •...... ·-·-IIBAlt.....•... ' .,/:...... Gerhard. Gscheidle

THE GREAT PILGRIMAGE •• • The candlelight parade was "invented" in Cutler when the Latin-American hall was closed to the Pil­ grimage by grower pres­ sure and the priestrefused the use of the Parish Hall. 200 marched through the barrio, dogs barking, swirls of dust caught in the headlights, the flicker of candles. The Cutler Park was turned into an auditor­ ium; a flatbed truck into a stage.

Evening meetings were conducted in Spanish. The "Plan de Delano" -- manifesto of the De­ lano Movement -- was read; the songs of the strikers; the Teatro Campesino, bawdy, comic and bitter, dramatized the hypocricies of Di­ Giorgio and Governor Brown, villianized the strikebreakers, satirized the growers. Mem­ bership cards were passed out. Every night the songs and speeches poured out over a new audience. Hundreds signed the Plan. Each meet­ ing closed with "Nosotros venceremos" -- W·e Shall Overcome, in Spanish. Then the pilgrims left to sleep in the homes of the workers.

"LONG LIVE THE REVOLUTIONI LONG LIVE THE ASSOCIATION! LONG LIVE THE GENERAL STRIKE I

Fresno was a turning point. 1,000 people turned out at the Azteca Theater. The Pilgrimage was serious andfamous. Politicians, liberals and middleclass Mexican-Americans were joining the line and expressing support.

• e. e OF FARMWORKERS· COPIES OF THIS SUPPLEMENT ARE AVAILABLE FROM THE MOVEMENT, 449 14TH STREET, SAN FRANCISCO PRICE 10e

Fresno, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Manteca: marching on Highway 99; cars, trucks, exhaust, three NFWA trucks in near-accidents. People stopping on the freeway to take photos, give money. Smpkestacks, billboards, shopping centers, suburbs. A psychiatrist stops his Mercedes, writes out a $20 check, drives off. Two farm workers come out of a shack by the highway, give the Jefe thirty dollars and apologize because'that's all they have. A woman runs out and embraces Cesar Chavez.

Every day and night the same problems: drinking water, a home to stay in, : food to eat, . resting.

People ask why Cesar Chavez did not g i v e a big speech in Sacra­ mento. His reason is part of why this movement· may succeed. "The Association should be pro ­ j ected," Chavez says, •'not me."

FROM DELANO TO • • • Jorge Zaragosa. March Captain. does a victory dance. tearing up a DON'T BUY 1. W. HARPER sign.

In Stockton, Cesar Chavez asked the marchers ifhe courd leave to talk with the Schenley Corporation. For two days they waited for word from L.A. When it came it was announced from the top of a car by the side of the road west of Lodi. The c;heeringwentonforalongtime. One marcher wept. New signs were made that said, DIGIORGIO, YO U'RE 'NEXT! "Now that Schenley has seen the light, let's hope that our Governor will see the light," said Roberto Bustos, March Jefe. That night, Cesar asked/or a vote -- Do we want to meet with Governor Brown on any day except Sunday? The motion, passed overwhelmingly, was DOMINGO 0 NADA, Sunday or nothing.

EASTER SUNDAY•• ,an NFWA flag flew over the Capitol and 8,000 people. Dolores Huerta: "We unconditionally demand a collective bargaining law for California farm workersI" The Governor had retreated to Palm Springs. "We wish to inform the Democratic Party that we will be counted as your supporters

7~. •'fA...... ~ • ~.. . . SACRAMENTO~ WHAT HAPPENED _TO THE MISSI·SSIPPI CHILD DEVELOPMENT GROUP? Part 2: Revolt Against Washington . within the frametM>rk of a policy created-­ broken in to the presence of integratec This is the second part of a three-part article by Dr. not by the Negro people -- but by politi-· groups and "outside agitators", and WE Gerald Rosenfield of Berkeley, Calif. The entire article cians and administrators in Washington. would have to go through the harrassment Despite the intentions of those who organ­ .business all over again. will be published, together with a report by Tom Levin, ized the program, CDGM was a hierarchy - But beyond all these veryrealobjections, director of the CDGM, in the Key List Mailing, a pub­ administered from the top down, and cen­ we were dismayed and disgusted because it lication ofSan Francisc~ SNCC~ tral staff was the middle level of that was obvious to us that the real reason for hierarchy. The fuel that powered the Child the move to West Point was Senator Sten;' As for the second half of the Child De­ "Each entry in the accounting records Development Group of Mississippi was the nis, and that OEO had caved in, for reasons velopment Group of Mississippi program __ shall refer to the documentation which sup­ money from Washington; central staff was that had little to do with the effective func­ l:iuilding independent political power in the ports the entry.••Adequate time records, to oversee the distribution of that money. tioning of ourprogram, to politicalpressure' l(legro communities -- that was another properly approved by the supervisor, must We served, despite our intentions, as the from the racist politicians of Mississippi. matter. The good feeling thatwe were a part be maintained for audit inspection. .• agents of Washington.. Of course it "had acqUired a bad reputa­ of a revolutionary movement in the South Generally, all grantees and delegate agen­ If we had been able to have faith in the tion" -- in the eyes of Mississippi whites never returned to those working on the' cies are required to follow the policies intentions and policies of Washington toward and their representatives -- not becaUSE central staff. The tone of our summer was set forth in the StandardGovernmentTravel our program and toward the Ne~o revo­ , of "untidy surroundings and careless con­ set by the first staff meeting, one week Regulations C5GTR). •.Except as noted lution .that we identified with, our position duct," but because of its anti-segregationist into the program. The regional coordina­ below, changes in the approved budget for might have been tolerable. But events that character and its civil rights associations; tors, who had the job of fitting the over­ a component may only be made with the took place halfway throughthe summer made and OEO was accepting the thesis of the all administration of the program to what approval in writing of OEO•••" it impossible to maintain confidence in the illegitimaCy· of association with civilrightf was going on at the individual centers, Central office was not supposed to reim­ people who were making policy for us in activity• presented a set of angry complaints to burse expenditures without a valid receipt, Washington. . If OEOwas concerned about the legiti~ but this procedure was not workable where the central staff. Nothing was going right, macy of its projectsJ why did it not order it Seemed, except that the kids were in there was no money to make the expendi­ Y·he Crackdown all other, white-run poverty projects ir .school and getting some nourishing meals. ture in the first place. Low-income Negroes Mississippi to sever their connections wid. Centers were unable to get neededequip­ have little credit and no capital. Nor are On August 1, just as things were begin­ the illegitimately elected city governments ment and supplies because they had no they familiar with receipts and vouchers ning to go more smoothly, Tom Levin and in which Negro citizens have no voi<;e?Why money and no credit and neither was and bookkeeping procedures. The white . the top administrative echelon were sum­ didn't it order its other Headstart projects forthcoming from the central office; no one boSS usually takes care of withholding and moned to a CDGM Board meeting at West out of Jim C row schools operating on a had been reimbursed for their orientation payroll forms, so it is understandable that Point. Waiting for them. V!e~e the Board segregated basis in violation of the Consti­ expenses; everyone was confused about the payroll information sent in from some of Directors and Mr. James Heller, assis­ tution of the United States? Why didn't it how to get the required health evaluations centers was inadequate and had to be sent tant counsel of the DEO. Levin was handed end the harrassment of CDGM workers by for the children. Moreover, it was impos­ back to be corrected or completed. Mean­ a letter from OEO, addressed to the board, local and state police departments?And why sible to get a message through to anyone while the people waited for their salaries. expressing its concern "about the central did it not once in the course of the summer on central staff who had any answers to The fiscal office, too, had been set up management and fin a n cia I practices of speak out against the attacks of Stennis and these questions -- the people were eager in a hurry; it was understaffed with inex­ CDGM" and demanding basic changes in the Mississippi press and support the great and anxious to do a good job but central perienced people. The muddlingthrough and the operation of the project. Most of the 14 good it privately told us our program was .office wasn't giving them any help. learning by experience which may be so listed measures to be taken had to do with doing for the children enrolled in it? The Central staff replied that people in the rewarding in a democratic venture can be the tightening of accounting and accounta­ staff voted almost unanimously to resign field weren't aware of the problems faced disastrous for a fiscal office, especially bility procedures and with giving the Board rather than accept the move to West Point. by a project the size of CDGM, and they if it must be accountable to a professional of Directors and Mary Holmes Junior OED, which had never bothered to con­ were unmindful of the administrative pro­ accounting firm, as CDGM was, and to. College more control over fiscal, personnel sult with us before it sent out its order, cedures necessary to disbursefederaliunds "periodic audits•••by Federal auditors", and policy deci s ion s. The accounting on, hearing of our revolt quickly sent under the terms of our contract with OEO as is every OEO grantee. changes were to some extent needed, given Mr. Heller to Motlnt Beulah to meet with It is true that central staff was poorly The essence of "soundfiscal practice" is the structure of the program. Some of the us. Beller told us he would be glad to organized; it had .been organized in a' undemocratic and systematic; the complete· accountability requirements were a little discuss the move, and that OEO would do hurry. CDGM was a crash. program. We control of money from above. Sound fiscal ridiculous in the context of our far-flung what it could to ease the transition, but could have added that CDGM was organ­ practice is based on the axiom "Don't operation. The demand that the board and the order was final and irrevocable, it had ized and administered by people who were trust anybody," that is "Don't give money Mary Holmes take over more of the policy­ come "from the White House itself." When not administrators by inclination or by to anyone unless they show you proof it making functions was objectionable, but asked why the White House had given DEO training. Our administrative skills, itshould is being spent for the purpose the rules by now acceptable, since it was by then this directive, Heller could only state that be said, left something to be desired. We - say it is supposed to be spent for';" The eVident that central'staff's management of he was "not at liberty to diwlge classi­ hassled and argued into the night, and the alternative -- giving a lump sum to each the program was lacking in administrative fied information." central staff pledged to get itself running center to spend as it sees fit, with the efficiency. Furthermore, the board could "Classified information" -- it sounded efficiently. main proof of the proper expenditure of legitimately claim that it had been largely as though the national security was in­ Over the next,few weeks, we did manage' funds depending on the success and spirit ignored by the central staff and treated volved. Heller also said that if it was to keep the centers supplied with their' of the center -- was of course out pf the as a rubber stamp by Levin. The final necessary to sacrifice one project and the· basic needs. The health program finally got question in a program run on government. OEO demand was another matter: within welfare of 6,000 children in order tc under way, and CDGM made it through money. a 'week, the 'central CDGM headquarters save the rest of the poverty program for the summer. But the bad feeling between It wasn't just the difficulties of proces­ was to be moved from Mt. Beulah to the millions of children, OEO would do so. central staff and the field never quite sing the money. Bureaucratic procedures campus of Mary Holmes Junior College. Not only the national security, but the fate dissolved. This is, I think, the key to the were imposed on the centers, via the cen­ Mr. Heller explained the reason for . of the War on Poverty seemed to hang it failure of the political goals of CDGM. tral office, in other areas·. Halfway through this order. As reported in the minutes the balanceI Mr. Heller couldn't explain The uneasiness that we on central staff' the program, centraloffice suddenly dumped of the meeting: "Some of the reasons giv­ all this to us, but he did listen to us inte never quite shook off -- an irritability triplicate OEO "health forms'.' on the cen.,. en by Mr. Heller for the move to MHJC the ·night, and we managed to convince him. and self-defensiveness -- came from an ters, three pages to be filled out for each were that there had been too much involve.:. first, that we had a valid argument that unresolvable sense of ambiguity about our child. Half the questions weren't about the ment in civil rights activity in Mt. Beulah. the move would destroy the functioning oj .role. . children's health at all, but about their Headstart is not a CR project. Due to the program, and, second; that we reall) The farther away from the central Office' family's socio-economic status. The ques­ 'untidy surroundings and careless conduct, meant it when we said we 'would resigr .your job was, the better you could feel tions and answers, formulated for conven­ Mt. Beulah had received too much un- rather than move, and then, the prograrr about it. If you were a field coordinator, ient tabulation by IBM machines, hardly ,favorable publicity and had acquired a really would be destroyed. fit the convenience of the people who had you could identify with the local centers ..ID1.4 name•• ." OEO wasn't really prepared to sacra­ and act as their agent to get what the to fill them out. fice CDGM. In the morning, Heller made people needed from central headquarters. OEO Gives in a phone call to Washington, and DEC If you were assigned to a center as a Agents of Washington. The removal of CDGM from Mount Beulah agreed that we would be allowed to remair resource teacher you lived in the local was what Senator Stennis had beendemand­ at Mount Beulah for the rest of the sum­ community, you worked day in and day out To us on the central staff, most of the ing all summer, and his reasons were the mer, with the proviso that steps be taker with the local people and with the children hang-ups the field people blamed on us same as those given by Mr. Heller. Over to separate theCDGM office and staff frorr at the school, and in your free time you came from the OEO in Washington. lt the objections of Levin and his aides that civil rights activity at Mount Beulah. (Thif could participate in local civil rights ac­ 'was OEO that required the vouchers and the move to Mary Holmes would destroy was impossible to carry out on that littlf tivities if you wanted to. .receipts, it was OEO that demanded all the tenuous functioning of the program, campus, and they finally gave up on that But central staff, you came to realize, those forms be filled out. I spent half an the board voted to accept all the OEO too).

was thought in some ways to be an enemy hour on the phone with Washington arguing demands. r The revolt was our one beautiful momen·. by those in the field. The most critical that the three pages of "healthforms" were Levin came back to Mount Beulah and of the summer. The order gave the centra source of friction between the central inappropriate and that their chief effect reported what had happened to an emer­ staff the chance, for once, to show whOSE staff and the field was that the central would be to obstruct the health program gency meeting of central staff. We were side it was on in the battle for the South staff couldn't effectively carry out what, which was having enough troubles already, up in arms. We had worked our heads off and it gave us the chance, for once, to as· 'to the people in the field, was its single but the answer was that if every other to get things organized and now, with less sert ourselves against the deadly flow 01 most important function: to get them their Headstart program could manage to fill than four weeks of the summer remaining, directives from Washington. We stood b) money on time. Workers with no savings out the forms, we could too. (l later found we were ordered to pick up the whole our principles and we won. to fall back on waited weeks for their first out that we weren't the only project that operation and move it 200 miles to West The crisis proved to us that our Boar' pay-checks; reimbursements for out-of­ had trouble with those forms.) The threat, Point, on the eastern edge of the state, of Directors, which was now taking over pocket expenses failed to come through; implicit or explicit, behind every demand more than 100 miles from the nearest control of the project, acceptedthepremis( after the newpapers began spreading Sena­ by OEO was that if we wanted the program center (except for the one run by Mr. Horn that the program belonged to Washingtor tor Stennis's charges, credit from white to be continued in the fall, if we wanted in West Point). We would have to organize rather than to the people of Mississippi, merchants for many CDGM centers became any more money from the U.S. government, all over again; the painfully developed sys­ and that it would do whatever was neces­ difficult to ol;>tain. . we had better follow this procedure. tem for communicating between central of­ sary to keep the program going and keep The cause of the uneasiness we on cen­ fice and the centers would be destroyed; .the money coming from Washington. Bureaucracy tral staff felt about our role in the program . mail would be delayed; new sources of What -kind of independent Negr~ political gradually became clear. We were caught supply would have to be found (West Point power couhl we develop if the program The primary reason for the failure to in the middle between the requirements was 150 miles from Jackson, the nearest had to function within the limits of Senator . get the money out to the field was that of the federal government on the one hand city of any size~ new office workers Stennis's politics? CDGM was required to follow "soundfiscal and the demands and needs of the local would ha~e to be hired, since secretaries practices." The OEO has laid down the communities on the other. Although we had living in Jackson and Vicksburg were not Next Month: Inside Washing­ procedure in its "Instructions for Finan­ come to Mississippi toparticipate ina revo­ going to be able to commute to West Point ton, the political master cial Management of Community Action Pro­ lution that the Negro people were making, a every day. Furthermore, West Point is in gram Funds" under Sections 204, 2ffi necessary part of our organizational rOle a section of the state that had not seen plan, the radicals' solution (etc.): waS to keep the CDGM program operating much civil rights activity; it had not been comes too late. JULIAN BOND MEETS The Complete Transcript "MEET THE· PRESS" MR. BOND: I like to think I am in the Democratic Party. I ran as a Democrat. I don't think it will h:lVe that effect. I don't think that people in the civil rights movement-­ CONTINUED FROM LAST MONTH as I said before --are going to just drop their other work, but I do think that there is going to be increasing participation by people in the civil rights movement in anti-war MR. KAPLOW: Mr. Bond, to follow up what you just sai<;l about an affinity of people movements. who are struggling, do you feel that maybe one of the targets of the struggling in Viet MR. KAPLOW: Could you not conceive, then, Mr. Bond, that possibly by becoming Nam not only is what is characterized in this document, which you endorsed and which active in something else you might dilute the impact of your primary purpose, which started this whole thing, from SNCC--not only the United States but also the Communist was desegregation? side? Would.you feel that they were also--people were struggling against them? MR. BOND: I can see that, but I don't think it will happen. That is the argument that MR. BOND: The feeling that I have is that people who live in Viet Nam, North and South people have argued against my taking a stand and against SNCC taking a stand and against are struggling to determine their own destiny in some way or another. The impression other people in the civil rights movement who have taken a stand. I get is that they would like very much to be left alone, not only· be the United States but MR. KAPLOW: Of the major civil rights organizations, major half-dozen or so, isn't by the Viet Cong as well. -. SNCC the only one that has done that, and many of the leaders in respect to your case say, MR. KAPLOW: This document, again, which started all this and which was put out by yes, you should have been seated but they disagree with your position on Viet Nam and SNCC, only condemns the United States. It doesn't condemn the North Vietnamese or the don't think it should become an issue? Viet Cong or any other group--or the Red Chinese. MR. BOND: Right. A great many people . MR. BOND: Right. I will condemn them here, but my position is endorsing this docu­ have said that. ment, and I believe, the positi. , of those who drafted it was that we are, after all, Ameri­ SNCC is, I believe, the only organization cans who live in this country, and I feel a much greater responsibility toward critici­ that has taken a public stand on the war in zing or praising the actions of this country than I do toward praising or critisizing Viet Nam. Dr Martin Luther King has taken the actions of another. a public stand opposing the war in Viet MR. KAPLOW: However, if you make your point that the common bond is struggling Nam. James Farmer, when he was execu­ peoples, then it doesn't make any difference who is against them, you are against all tive secretary of CORE took a position as those who might be oppressing, whether it is an American ~r Red Chinese or North--­ a private citizen, he said, against the war MR. BOND: That is right. in Viet Nam. MR. KAPLOW: How else do you equate civil rights with Viet Nam? A lot of the other MR. KAPLOW: I would like to go a little civil rights groups--for instance, the head of the Atlanta Chapter of NAACP--say that bit more into this business of SNCC as a you shouldn't equate the two. civil rights group. You sort of put the word MR. BOND: I equate it. I think the opposition to the war in Viet Nam in this 'country "militant" in quotes a few minutes ago among a great many people is moral opposition. That is, it is not political opposition; it when you talked about that adjective for is opposition of peo'ple who feel that war is wrong. It is opposition of people who feel SNCC. that that particular war is wrong on a moral ground. I think that is the same sort of Jim Foreman, who is one of your asso­ opposition that the civil rights movement has been engaged in against segregation. It ciates in SNCC, is quoted as calling nine has been moral oPPosition to segregation as well as political and physical opposition to other Negro legislators in the Georgia segregation. Legislature "Uncle Toms." Do you know MR. KAPLOW: Again referring backto this document which is sort of becoming, I guess, what he meant by that or what he was think­ the Bible for my questioning, anyway, but you. say the United States in effect has not done ing and do you ~gre~? enough or moved qUickly enough on civil rights, and you mentioned a couple of laws. MR. BOND: No, I don't agree that the other nine--­ You don't feel that legislation in '57 or, I think, '61, '64 and '65 and a whole string of MR. KAPLOW: Did he say that, as far as you know? court rulings all favoring desegregation marks progress against segregation? MR. BOND: I read it in the paper. I wasn't there when he was supposed to have said MR_ BOND: No, the document do.esn't say there hasn't been progress. It does say that I assume that he did. I don't agree with that characterization. there has not been, in our opinion, enough progress. it. MR. KAPLOW: What do you think about it? MR. KAPLOW: I think that it is stronger.than that. I can't read it here, now, but I think MR. BOND: About the other nine Negroes in the Georgia House? it implies that the United States has fallen short of carrying out its commitment. Is that MR. KAPLOW: Yes. fair? MR. BOND: Some of them are friends of mine. Some of them I don't know too well. MR. BOND: Yes, that is fair. That is my belief. Most of them made some effort in behalf of my being seated, and I am very appreciative MR. SCHERER: Mr. Bond, I am wondering what you and your friends see as a central of it. issue here in your difficulties with the legislature. Is it perhaps the right to dissent? MR. KAPLOW: Do you feel that they are not making strong enough efforts for de- MR. BOND: I think it is two important issues. First, it is certainly the right to free segregation? speech, the right of dissent, the right to voice an opinion that may be unpopular, but I MR. BOND: I don't expect everyone in the country to run around--­ think a second and equally as important an issue is the right of people--in thiS case, MR. KAPLOW: Did you mean they are not making--.., my constituents--to be represented by someone they chose, their right to make a free MR. BOND: Maybe you better ask me that again. choice in a free election, to choose someone to represent them. I think in this instance MR. KAPLOW: Do you feel that they are making strong enough efforts for desegregation? the Georgia House of Representatives has denied them that right. MR. BOND: Yes, I do. MR. ROBINSON: Just one more thing. You indicated that you admired those individuals MR. SCHERER: Mr. Bond, you are out of the Legislature, now. What are your plans who burned their draft cards. Yet you said you wouldn't burn yours. Why wouldn't you? for getting back in? MR. BOND: Let me say what I said first. 1 said I admired the courage of p,=ople who MR. BOND: I have filed a suit with two of my constituents, a woman named Mrs. Keyes burned their draft cards, because I understand, I think, why they do it, and I admire them and Dr. Martin Luther King, against the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, for doing it, knowing that they face very heavy penalties, five years in jail, a fine of which will probably be decided sometime in the next three weeks. I am also an announced $5,000 and if they are in public office they might be expelled. I wouldn't burn mine, be­ candidate but not a qualified candidate for a special election that comes up on February cause it is against the law to burn mine. 23, to fill the vacancy created when my seat was empty, and beyond that--those are the MR. WICKER: Do you think there is any likelihood that the organized Negro movement only things I am doing. in America,. the several organizations like your own, will become an allied and integral MR. SCHERER: Do you plan to take this all the way to the Supreme Court, if necessary? part of the so-called peace movement opposing the Vietnamese war? MR. BOND:. lf I don't get relief from the three-judge Federal panel, the next step MR BOND:. If you mean by allied and integral part that we are about to stop the work is the Supreme Court, and we will go there. that we are engaging in now and become a peace organization as opposed to a civil rights MR. NOVAK: Mr. Bond, your organization, SNCC, is trying to build an all-black politi­ organization, no. I do think that what is going to happen is that more and more members cal organization in central Alabama which will run under the symbol of the black panther. of the individual organizations that make up the civil rights movement--and perhaps Do you feel that at a time when the Democratic Party, the white Democratic Party of more organizations, are going to take a public stand on peace, on war and probably Alabama has dropped the White Supremacy slogan and is trying to provide an entry for on the war in Viet Nam. Negroes, this is intelligent politics? MR. WICKER: You feel in short that the civil rights movement as such is becoming-­ MR. BOND: It is not for me to say. I think it is, but I think the decision in this case will be devotirlg a larger share of its attention than it has to issues like that in Viet Nam? rests with those particular people who live in Lowndes County. They are interested in Current issues in Viet Nam? getting some of the benefits from their city and county government, and they see this MR. BOND: Right, but I don't by any means mean to suggest that we are about to drop as one of the means of getting them, electing their representatives to posts in that govern­ . the things that we are doing now. ment. They don't intend by any means to take over, but they are going to run, I think, MR. WICKER: Would you think that an escalation of the war in any sense--that is, four candidates in the upcoming primary. if the war becomes a much hotter war, a great deal more fighting--would you think that MR. KAPLOW: Mr. Bond,- what would you expect the white leadership to do to fulfill this would accelerate this trend that you now see? what you conceive to be their obligation to the Negro in equality? Now? What more? MR. BOND: I think so. People in the civii rights movement are worried about the cost MR. BOND: I don't know if we have enough time for that, but generally I think Negroes of that war for one thing and what the cost of that war is going to mean to the war on in this country want the thLngs that white people have as a matter of course, the right to poverty in this country, what it is going to mean to social services in this country. I think a decent living, the right to--- they are concerned about it, and any escalation I think will increase the concern of people MR. KAPLOW: Aren't efforts being made to promote that now by the white leadership here. of this country? MR. WICKER: Looked at in terms of American politics, if this happens, does it seem MR. BOND: Certainly they are. to you that a long continuation of the war and perhaps a step-up of the level of the war, MR. WICKER: What are the prospects you now see, Mr. Bond, for Negroes remaining would this trend be likely to drive members of the Negro organizations not only into within the established two-party system? the peace movement but out of the Democratic Party, which, after all, is responsible MR. SCHERER: Sorry, time'~ up. We will save that for the next time. Thank you, Mr. for the war? Bond, for being with us on MEET THE PRESS. ------Subscribe to THE MOVEMENT! Send One Please Send Me The Next 12 Issues of The Movement Enclosed IS $2.00 to a Friend! Address .. __------Name •. MAIL TO 449 14th STREET, City .. State " ZIP SAN FRANCISCO 941o_3