The Diaries of Charles Ora Card The Diaries of Charles Ora Card The Utah Years 1871–1886 Edited by Donald G. Godfrey and Kenneth W. Godfrey Published by the Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah Typesetting by the Publication Assistance Center, College of Public Programs, Arizona State University using Corel Ventura 10. Printed by Covenant Communications, Inc., American Fork, Utah Printed in Canada © 2006 by Brigham Young University. All rights reserved ISBN 0-8425-2609-9 Any uses of this material beyond those allowed by the exemptions in U.S. copyright law, such as section 107, “Fair Use,” and section 108, “Library Copying,” require the written permission of the publisher, Religious Studies Center, 167 HGB, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602. The views expressed herein are the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the position of Brigham Young University or the Religious Studies Center. Dedicated to Christina Maria Godfrey Audrey M. Godfrey Brigham Y. Card Dallin Card Godfrey Charles Ora Card Photo courtesy: Marilyn Rose Pitcher Contents Illustrations viii Acknowledgments ix Preface xi Introduction xv 1. Missionary Service: Card’s Travels to the Eastern States 1 2. Community, Church, and Temple Building 19 3. Educational Foundations 71 4. Meetings, Meetings 99 5. Gospel Themes 149 6. Local Conferences 213 7. Cache Stake and Temple Business 261 8. Serving the Saints of the Valley 321 9. Persecution Escalates and Conferences Continue 375 10. Approaching the Temple Dedication 445 11. “One Day Nearer Eternity” 525 Epilogue: On the Mormon Underground 565 References 573 Index 583 vii Illustrations Charles Ora Card vi Temple sawmill acreage, 2003 177 Construction of the Logan Temple, 1879 xii William King, snowslide victim 179 Logan Temple, taken by C. R. Savage, just after Nephi Osterholdt, snowslide victim 179 dedication, 1884 xiii Cache County Court, illustration from 1880s Cyrus William Card and Sarah Ann Tuttle Card 201 xv Home of Sarah Jane Painter and Charles O. Card Diagram of Portage, Michigan, Bridge 1 with Sarah and children on the front porch 299 William Hyde Jr. and Charles O. Card, missionary companions 9 Sampling of Card’s travel schedule for 1882 311 Moses Thatcher 13 Zina Young Card and Susie Young Gates toured the eastern states speaking out for the Church Card’s call as superintendent of temple, October and women’s rights 379 19, 1877 18 Sampling of Card’s travel schedule for 1883 423 President George Q. Cannon, Logan Temple Cornerstone Dedication 21 Temple construction workers pose for picture 483 Bird’s-eye view of Logan City, 1875 23 Cardon’s Furniture, McAlister & Sons Harness Thomas X. Smith, 1828–1907, first bishop of Makers, U.O.M. & B.C. Lumber Yard, and Logan Fourth Ward 29 U.O. Store, circa 1880s 500 Samuel Roskelley 34 Temple workers with tools of the time 510 Newspaper clipping describes Logan Temple 38 Logan Temple, 1884 516 First South looking west from 60 West, Benson Temple construction 516 and Thatcher Mill, photo by T. B. Cardon, 1877 39 Dedication day 517–18 Logan Tabernacle, early 1880s 43 Zina Young Williams Card, Charles O. Card’s third wife 530 Zina Young, wife of Brigham Young; Zina Young Williams Card, wife of Charles Ora Card; and Lavinia Clark Rigby Card, Charles O. Card’s Zina Card, daughter of Card and later wife of fourth wife 557 Hugh B. Brown 58 Logan Main Street, early 1880s 560 Sarah Jane Painter-Card, C. O. Card’s second wife Logan Train Depot, 2002 561 67 Logan Temple, 2002 565 Charles Ora Card Jr., born December 10, 1873 76 Charles Ora Card’s letter to John Taylor 566–69 Brigham Young College campus, looking north- Alberta Temple, Cardston 571 west, circa 1890s 87 Charles Ora Card’s home in Cardston 571 George Cyrus Card, born January 26, 1880 174 Charles Ora Card’s funeral flowers 572 Temple sawmill activity during construction, Temple Fork, 1880 176 viii Acknowledgments he editors wish to express appreciation to all for years and has always been there when the editors who have contributed to this work. It would had a question on the history of The Church of Tnot have been possible without you. A spe- Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; and Darrin Smith, cial thanks to Brigham Y. Card, coeditor of The Dia- who has furnished some rare photographs of the ries of Charles Ora Card: The Canadian Years, temple under construction. 1886–1903. He not only helped establish the pat- Thanks also to Janet Soper and Mary Fran tern for this work, but his published scholarship and Draisker at the Publication Assistance Center, Col- insight have been invaluable. Jo Ann Sloan Rogers lege of Public Programs, Arizona State University, made available family transcriptions and provided and to Kathryn L. Chase, Kathryn Jo Gille, and photographs, which helped in interpretation. We Devan Jensen of the Religious Studies Center, would also like to thank David Whittaker, archivist Brigham Young University. This publication would at Brigham Young University’s Harold B. Lee not have been possible without their work. Library, for his inspiration and support as well as We are especially grateful to our wives and fam- making all of the actual diaries available; Lavina ilies, who share in all that we do. Fielding Anderson, who has encouraged this project ix Preface he diaries of Charles Ora Card are a rich family transcription where the text was difficult to historical resource. The twenty-three Utah interpret. Second, in preparing the manuscript we Tjournals, kept from 1871 through 1886, re- utilized Mary Jo Klein’s A Guide to Documentary Ed- cord the life of a pioneer, the sermons of Church iting (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, leaders, the construction of the Logan Tabernacle 1987). Professor Klein provided practical advice in and Temple, and the Church’s struggle with increas- dealing with unusual matters of editing and preserv- ing economical and federal legislative pressures. ing the diaries as historical documents. Third, we They accent the everyday struggles of a people; the standardized all diary entry dates, indicating to the sermons of Church leaders, especially of Moses reader any errors or deviations found in the original. Thatcher, who received more pencil than any other Fourth, since most of the entries have little punctua- figure; the dedication of the Logan Temple; and tion, we added capitalization and inserted periods Card’s own capture by U.S. marshals. after some sentences when they were needed to Preserving the integrity of the diaries while make a readable text. We also used square brackets making them accessible for future research is the pri- [ ] where we felt the need to write our own best inter- mary purpose of this publication. The diaries have pretation of a word or phrase, or to make a needed passed through many hands over the years but are correction in spelling. If something was illegible or now housed in Brigham Young University’s L. Tom missing, it was explained in the brackets, or if a Perry Special Collections in Provo, Utah. While the phrase, it was indicated as […]. Finally, we tran- Sloan-Card family had the diaries, Jo Ann Sloan scribed Card’s unusual spellings, abbreviations, and Rogers made a near verbatim copy for the family. In word usage exactly as in the original. With these general, a few scholars have used the diaries, but measures, we have worked to preserve the totality of none have had the complete set available for their the original diaries. research. The challenge of attaching meaning was in pro- The challenges of transcribing and editing the viding context and documentation. In details, such Utah diaries for publication are worthy of mention as sermons, Card often made references to subjects so that readers may understand the framework from he simply expected his reader to understand. How- which this publication grew as well as more fully ever, now more than 130 years later, we do not un- profit from this historical resource. Three significant derstand. To remedy this problem, the editors pro- challenges in transcribing the diaries were the diffi- vided overall context in our introduction to the culties in reading the text, attaching meaning, and diaries. We periodized entries chronologically as documentation. The diaries were difficult to read. parts one through eleven, and provided footnotes Often written in purple pencil, the entries were with documentation wherever possible. The foot- blurry, and the bottom of the pages were particularly notes add context, clarification, and correction. We worn from being carried along as Card traveled. relied on primary documentation where possible, as These records were authored by a busy community well as other published works. These main sources and Church leader when time permitted, and they were The History of a Valley: Cache Valley, Utah- are now faded and worn. Idaho, edited by Joel E. Ricks and Everett L. Cooley; Facing these challenges, the editors sought to The Gentile Comes to Cache Valley, by A. J. maintain the historical integrity of the diaries. First, Simmonds; A History of Cache County, by F. Ross we obtained a copy of the complete set of diaries Peterson; History of Logan, by Ray Somers; The Mor- with the cooperation of David Whittaker, Archivist mon Experience: A History of the Latter-day Saints, by of the Mormon Experience at the Harold B. Lee Li- Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton; Great Basin brary at Brigham Young University. We then tran- Kingdom: An Economic History of the Latter-day scribed this copy and cross-checked it against the Saints 1830–1900, by Leonard J. Arrington; Charles original several times, consulting the Sloan-Card Ora Card: Pioneer and Colonizer, by A.