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MARYLAND Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment

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MARYLAND Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment MARYLAND Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment February 2005 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency in partnership with the Maryland Department of Agriculture, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and Natural Resources Conservation Service Abstract Mandated Action: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation (USDA/CCC) and the State of Maryland have agreed to implement the Maryland Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), a component of the national Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). CREP is a voluntary program for agricultural landowners. USDA is authorized by the provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985, as amended (1985 Act) (16 U.S.C. 3830 et seq.), and its regulations at 7 CFR Part 1410. In accordance with the 1985 Act, USDA/CCC is seeking authorization to enroll lands into CREP through December 31, 2007. Type of Document: Programmatic Environmental Assessment Lead Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency For Further Information: James P. Fortner, National Environmental Compliance Manager Conservation and Environmental Programs Division U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Service Agency 1400 Independence Ave. S.W. Washington, DC 20250 202-720-5533 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.fsa.usda.gov/dafp/cepd/crep.htm ************************************************************************ The Maryland Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Programmatic Environmental Assessment has been prepared pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347); the Council on Environmental Quality regulations (40 CFR Parts 1500-1508); USDA-Farm Service Agency draft environmental regulations (7 CFR Part 799.4, Subpart G); and USDA-Farm Service Agency 1-EQ, Revision 1, Environmental Quality Programs, dated November 19, 2004. ************************************************************************ Cover Photo Credits: top left, Delmarva fox squirrel, credit:: W.H. Julian, courtesy Environmental Defense website, http://www.backfromthebrink.org/; top right, Patuxent river farm, courtesy Calvert Soil Conservation District; lower right, bog turtle, credit: J. McSherry, courtesy The Tortoise Reserve; lower left, courtesy Calvert Soil Conservation District ii Maryland Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Programmatic Environmental Assessment CONTENTS Page Abstract ii Listing of Acronyms vi Note to Readers ix Executive Summary x CHAPTER 1.0 PURPOSE OF AND NEED FOR ACTION 1-1 1.1 History and Background 1-1 1.2 Proposed Federal Action 1-5 1.3 Scoping 1-13 CHAPTER 2.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSES 2-1 2.1 Preliminary Alternatives Initially Considered 2-1 2.2 Alternatives Analyses 2-1 CHAPTER 3.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT 3-1 3.1 Project Area Overview 3-1 3.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics 3-3 3.3 Profile of Maryland Agriculture 3-10 3.4 Natural Resources 3-15 3.5 Historic and Cultural Resources 3-33 CHAPTER 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 4-1 4.1 Soils 4-1 4.2 Water Resources and Water Quality 4-3 4.3 Riparian Areas, Wetlands and Floodplains 4-7 4.4 Wildlife Habitat and Forestlands 4-9 4.5 Terrestrial and Aquatic Species 4-13 4.6 Federally and State Protected Species 4-16 4.7 Invasive Species 4-18 4.8 Air Quality 4-19 4.9 Historic and Cultural Resources 4-21 4.10 Socioeconomic Impacts 4-23 4.11 Cumulative Impacts 4-27 CHAPTER 5.0 LIST OF PREPARERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 5-1 CHAPTER 6.0 REFERENCES 6-1 USDA-Farm Service Agency iii February 2005February 3, 2005 APPENDICES A Maryland’s Tributary Strategy Agricultural Best Management Practices B Federal and State Legislative Matrix C U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program Partners D Maryland CRP-CREP Conservation Practices and Current CREP Contracts/Acreages E Maryland Section 303(d) Waters Listing F Federally and State Protected Species in Maryland G Invasive and Exotic Species in Maryland H Maryland National Historic Landmarks Survey I Agency and Public Comments Received on the Draft Programmatic Environmental Assessment J Maryland Environmental Evaluation Checklist LISTING OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table No. Page 1-1 Comparison of Land Preservation Goals Established by Chesapeake 2000, Maryland CREP and Senate Joint Resolution 10 1-8 1-2 Federal Agricultural Conservation Programs in Maryland 1-10 1-3 State of Maryland Land Conservation Programs 1-12 1-4 Summary of Maryland Land Conservation Goals and Accomplishments 1-13 1-5 Maryland CREP Scoping Comments and Responses 1-14 2-1 Maryland CREP Funding Appropriations, 2001-2003 2-2 2-2 Major Maryland Counties Holding CREP Easements, 2004 2-3 2-3 Maryland CREP Cost-Share Benefits 2-7 2-4 Comparison of Maryland CREP Alternatives 2-8 3-1 Population Growth in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 2000-2020 3-3 3-2 Comparison of Demographic Characteristics in Maryland, 1997-2000 3-3 3-3 Maryland Farm Operator Demographic Characteristics, 2002 3-4 3-4 State of Maryland and County Population Estimates, 1990-2020 3-5 3-5 Fastest Growing Counties in Maryland, 1985-1997 3-6 3-6 Annual Percentage Change in Farmland, 1959-1997 3-7 iv Maryland Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Programmatic Environmental Assessment Table No. Page 3-7 Existing and Projected Land Use Changes in Maryland, 1997-2020 3-8 3-8 Maryland Counties with Highest Projected Average Annual Rate of Development, 1997-2020 3-8 3-9 Maryland Counties with Highest Number of CREP Easements, July 2004 3-11 3-10 Value of Farm Sales in Maryland, 2002 3-12 3-11 Maryland Counties Leading Loss in Agricultural Acres, 1985-2020 3-13 3-12 County Ranking by Pesticide and Fertilizer Use in Maryland, 1994 and 1997 3-14 3-13 Maryland Counties and Areas Designated as Nonattainment for 8-HourOzone Standards 3-15 3-14 Directive and Tributary Strategy Forest Buffer Goals, 1996 and 2003 3-23 3-15 Wetland Types throughout Maryland, 1995 3-25 3-16 Wetland Types and Acreages by County, 1981-1982 3-25 3-17 Federally and State Protected Species in Maryland, 2003 3-28 3-18 Declining Species of Concern in Maryland, 2004 3-28 3-19 Maryland Midwinter Waterfowl Survey Results, 2000-2004 3-29 Figure No. Page 1-1 Statewide Priority Funding Areas and Rural Legacy Areas 1-11 3-1 State of Maryland by Agricultural Statistics District 3-1 3-2 Chesapeake Bay Watershed 3-2 3-3 Population Trends Projected for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1990-2020 3-4 3-4 Population Projections for Maryland’s Jurisdictions, 2000-2025 3-6 3-5 Decline in Cropland throughout the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, 1982-2002 3-7 3-6 Existing Forestland and Agricultural Land in Maryland, 1997 3-9 3-7 Projected Forestland and Agricultural Land in Maryland, 2020 3-10 3-8 Groundwater and Streamflow Discharges into the Chesapeake Bay 3-17 3-9 Annual Mean Inflow into the Chesapeake Bay, 1937-2003 3-18 USDA-Farm Service Agency v February 2005February 3, 2005 Figure No. Page 3-10 Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Loads to the Chesapeake Bay, 2002 3-19 3-11 Maryland Section 303(d) Impaired Waterbodies 3-21 3-12 Functions of Riparian Forest Buffers 3-22 3-13 Restoration of Riparian Forest Buffers, 1996-2003 3-23 3-14 Maryland Riparian Forest Buffers, 1994-2004 3-24 3-15 Percentage of Land in Forest in Maryland by County 3-27 3-16 Ecologically Significant Areas of Maryland 3-30 3-17 Maryland National Natural Landmarks, 2004 3-31 4-1 Total Erosion on Cropland and CRP Lands Nationwide 4-2 4-2 Effectiveness of Approved BMPs in Meeting Maryland’s Tributary Strategy 4-5 vi Maryland Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program Programmatic Environmental Assessment LISTING OF ACRONYMS BMPs Best Management Practices CASA Chesapeake Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture, Future Harvest CBA Chesapeake Bay Agreement CCC Commodity Credit Corporation CD Conservation District CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations COC County Office Coordinator COMAR Code of Maryland Regulations CP Conservation Practice CRP Conservation Reserve Program CREP Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program CWA Clean Water Act EAC Early Action Compact EBI Environmental Benefits Index ECP Emergency Conservation Program EI Erodibility Index EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQIP Environmental Quality Incentives Program ESA Endangered Species Act of 1973 EWPP Emergency Watershed Protection Program EWRP Emergency Wetland Reserve Program FIP Forestry Incentive Program FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact FSA Farm Service Agency FWS U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service HEL Highly Erodible Land MACS Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost Share MALPF Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation MBSS Maryland Biological Streams Survey MDA Maryland Department of Agriculture MDE Maryland Department of the Environment MDNR Maryland Department of Natural Resources MDP Maryland Department of Planning MOA Memorandum of Agreement NHL National Historic Landmark NNL National Natural Landmark NEPA National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service PDA Public Drainage Association PDR Purchase of Development Rights PEA Programmatic Environmental Assessment PEIS Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement USDA-Farm Service Agency vii February 2005February 3, 2005 PIP Practice Incentive Payment P.L. Public Law POS Program Open Space ppt parts-per-thousand RFB Riparian Forest Buffer RLA Rural Legacy Area RLP Rural Legacy Program SCD Soil Conservation District SEP State Enhancement Program SHPO State Historic Preservation Office SIP Signing Incentive Payment; also State Implementation Plan SWCD
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