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State Department 2003 Version
UNCLASSIFIED RELEASED IN PART itenSp? Bl, 1.5(D) United States Department of State Waskinston, D.C. 20520 May 18, 1994 SECRET/ORCON pECL: OADR TO: AF - Mr. Moose L - Mr. Mallet PROM: INR - Toby T. Gatill# 04\ SUBJECT: Rwanda - Geneva Convention Violations There is substantial circumstantial evidende implicating senior Rwandan government and military officials in the widespread, systematic killing of ethnic Tutsis, and to a lesser extent, ethnic Hutus who supported power-sharing between the two groups. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) has also killed Hutus in battle and has admitted targeting extremist Hutus whom it believes to be responsible for massacres of Tutsis. Unlike government forces, the RPF does not appear to have committed Geneva Convention defined genocidal atrocities. • Bloodyr)inter-ethnic struggles between Tutsis and Hutus date back to the colonial period. An estimated 20,000 Tutsis were tilled between 1959 and 1964 during the struggle for independence when the Tutsi monarchy fell, but the recent killings fat surpass anything in Rwanda's history. Since the April 6 downing of an airplane carrying Rwandan President Habyacimana and Burundian President Mtaryamira, massacres in brands have claimed from200,000 to 500.000 lives, according to international humanitarian organizations. We believe 500,000 may be an exaggerated estimate, but no accurate figures are available. systematic killigsn began within hours of Habyarimana's death. Most Of those killed have been Tutsi civilians, including women and children. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE SECRETIORCON REVIEW AUTHORITY: CHARLES L. PARIS DATE/CASE ID: 12 MAY 2003 200104150 .:'4w W '.. UNCLAssr SECRETAgRWN - 2 - Some Rwandan government troops, Hutu militia and extremist Hutu youth squads often trained or armed by security forces are the main perpetrators. -
Final MEN by Coach and Captain
FIFA World Player Gala 2007 Votes by captain (MEN) COUNTRY NAME 1st PLACE 2nd PLACE 3rd PLACE Afghanistan Sayed Maqsood Kaká Cristiano Ronaldo Henry Thierry Algeria Yazid Mansouri Kaká Messi Lionel Cech Petr American Samoa no vote no vote no vote no vote Andorra Óscar Sonejee Masand Kaká Messi Lionel Drogba Didier Angola Paulo José Lopes de Figueiredo Drogba Didier Kaká Riquelme Juan Román Antigua and Barbuda George Dublin Cristiano Ronaldo Ronaldinho Henry Thierry Argentina Javier Zanetti Kaká Buffon Gianluigi Lampard Frank Armenia Sargis Hovsepyan Cristiano Ronaldo Kaká Messi Lionel Aruba no vote no vote no vote no vote Australia no vote no vote no vote no vote Austria Andreas Ivanschitz Kaká Ribéry Franck Henry Thierry Azerbaijan Aslan Karimov Cristiano Ronaldo Messi Lionel Klose Miroslav Bahamas Happy Hall Messi Lionel Kaká Essien Michael Bahrain Mohamed Salmeen Kaká Messi Lionel Cristiano Ronaldo Barbados Norman Forde Gerrard Steven Cannavaro Fabio Drogba Didier Belarus Alexander Hleb Kaká Pirlo Andrea Gattuso Gennaro Belgium Timmy Simons Kaká Messi Lionel Gerrard Steven Belize Harrison Rochez Messi Lionel Kaká Márquez Rafael Bhutan Pema Chophel Ronaldinho Cristiano Ronaldo Rooney Wayne Bolivia Ronald Baldes Cristiano Ronaldo Kaká Deco Bosnia-Herzegovina Zvjezdan Misimovic Kaká Cristiano Ronaldo Drogba Didier Brazil Lucimar da Silva Ferreira (Lucio) Gerrard Steven Messi Lionel Klose Miroslav British Virgin Islands Avondale Williams Kaká Cristiano Ronaldo Drogba Didier Bulgaria Dimitar Berbatov Kaká Cristiano Ronaldo Messi Lionel Burundi -
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide:Lessom from the Rwanda Experience
The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience March 1996 Published by: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda Editor: David Millwood Cover illustrations: Kiure F. Msangi Graphic design: Designgrafik, Copenhagen Prepress: Dansk Klich‚, Copenhagen Printing: Strandberg Grafisk, Odense ISBN: 87-7265-335-3 (Synthesis Report) ISBN: 87-7265-331-0 (1. Historical Perspective: Some Explanatory Factors) ISBN: 87-7265-332-9 (2. Early Warning and Conflict Management) ISBN: 87-7265-333-7 (3. Humanitarian Aid and Effects) ISBN: 87-7265-334-5 (4. Rebuilding Post-War Rwanda) This publication may be reproduced for free distribution and may be quoted provided the source - Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda - is mentioned. The report is printed on G-print Matt, a wood-free, medium-coated paper. G-print is manufactured without the use of chlorine and marked with the Nordic Swan, licence-no. 304 022. 2 The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience Study 2 Early Warning and Conflict Management by Howard Adelman York University Toronto, Canada Astri Suhrke Chr. Michelsen Institute Bergen, Norway with contributions by Bruce Jones London School of Economics, U.K. Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda 3 Contents Preface 5 Executive Summary 8 Acknowledgements 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: The Festering Refugee Problem 17 Chapter 2: Civil War, Civil Violence and International Response 20 (1 October 1990 - 4 August -
Unclassified//For Public Release Unclassified//For Public Release
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --SESR-Efll-N0F0RN- Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country ISN Name Decision of Origin AF 4 Abdul Haq Wasiq Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 6 Mullah Norullah Noori Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 7 Mullah Mohammed Fazl Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001 ), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 560 Haji Wali Muhammed Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001 ), as informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility in the United States. AF 579 Khairullah Said Wali Khairkhwa Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 753 Abdul Sahir Referred for prosecution. AF 762 Obaidullah Referred for prosecution. AF 782 Awai Gui Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 832 Mohammad Nabi Omari Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001 ), as informed by principles of the laws of war. AF 850 Mohammed Hashim Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. AF 899 Shawali Khan Transfer to • subject to appropriate security measures. -
Al-Bihani V. Obama (Mem
Case: 09-5051 Document: 1223587 Filed: 01/05/2010 Page: 1 United States Court of Appeals FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT Argued October 2, 2009 Decided January 5, 2010 No. 09-5051 GHALEB NASSAR AL-BIHANI, APPELLANT v. BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ET AL., APPELLEES Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Columbia (No. 1:05-cv-01312-RJL) Shereen J. Charlick argued the cause for appellant. With her on the briefs were Reuben Camper Cahn, Steven F. Hubachek, and Ellis M. Johnston, III. Matthew M. Collette, Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the cause for appellees. With him on the brief were Ian Gershengorn, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, and Douglas N. Letter and Robert M. Loeb, Attorneys. R. Craig Lawrence, Assistant U.S. Attorney, entered an appearance. Case: 09-5051 Document: 1223587 Filed: 01/05/2010 Page: 2 2 Before: BROWN and KAVANAUGH, Circuit Judges, and WILLIAMS, Senior Circuit Judge. Opinion for the Court filed by Circuit Judge BROWN. Concurring opinion filed by Circuit Judge BROWN. Opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment filed by Senior Circuit Judge WILLIAMS. BROWN, Circuit Judge: Ghaleb Nassar Al-Bihani appeals the denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus and seeks reversal or remand. He claims his detention is unauthorized by statute and the procedures of his habeas proceeding were constitutionally infirm. We reject these claims and affirm the denial of his petition. I Al-Bihani, a Yemeni citizen, has been held at the U.S. naval base detention facility in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba since 2002. -
Al-Bihani V. Obama, 590 F.3D 866 (D.C
NO. IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES GHALEB NASSAR AL BIHANI, Petitioner, BARACK H. OBAMA, et al., Respondent. PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED .... STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SHEREEN J. CHARLICK . ¯ STEVEN F. HUBACHEK ELLIS M. JOHNSTON, III Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc. 225 Broadway, Suite 900 San Diego, California 92101 Telephone: (619) 234-8467 Counsel for Petitioner TABLE OF CONTENTS QUESTIONS PRESENTED FOR REVIEW ....................................prefix TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .................... ................................... i-ii OPINIONS .BELOW ........................................................... 1 JURISDICTION 2 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS .............................2 STATEMENT OF THE CASE - 2 A. District Court Proceedings ................. .................. ¯ .......2 B. Appellate Proceedings .............................................. 3 ARGUMENT 7 THE COURT SHOULD GRANT THE PETITION AND REAFFIRM THE TEACHING OF HAMDI AND BOUMEDIENE: THE DETENTION POWER GRANTED BY THE AUMF IS COEXTENSIVE WITH, AND LIMITED BY, THE DETENTION POWER RECOGNIZED UNDER THE LAW. OF WAR .................................7 A. Introduction ....’ ..................................... - ............. 7 B. The Court Should Reaffirm Hamdi and Boumediene: the Law of War Informs and Limits the AUMF’s Authorization of Detention AUthority ..................10 C. Section 5 of the 2006 MCA Does Not Preclude Application of Law of War Principles In Analyzing the Detention Authority -
Rwanda Rwanda [ /Ruˈændə/ ] “Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu”
Rwanda Rwanda [ /ruˈændə/ ] “Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu” Many visitors come on holiday to Rwanda to see its famous mountain gorillas, sometimes as an add-on to a safari in Kenya or Tanzania, stay for just three or four days and then leave, which is a shame because there is so much more to see on a Rwanda holiday. With three national parks, a thriving capital city, spectacular mountain scenery and some surprisingly diverse wildlife, Rwanda has plenty to occupy a longer holiday and certainly deserves further exploration. Today, Rwanda has one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. It has more women in Parliament than any other country in the world (64% at the time of writing) and is one of the friendliest, safest countries on the continent. Yet for most people, it inevitably conjures up images of the dreadful genocide of 1994, when almost a million people died. Whilst the genocide is a massive part of its history, over twenty years on Rwanda has evolved into a united, proud and optimistic country that warmly welcomes its visitors and provides a truly memorable and inspiring holiday. About Rwanda Annual Rain Fall COUNTRY SIZE: 26,338 sq km (10,169 sq mi) 140 112 84 CURRENCY: Rwandan Franc (RWF) 56 28 LANGUAGES: English, French, Kinyarwanda, Swahili ETHNIC: Hutus, Tutsis, Twa Annual Temperature CAPITAL: Kigali AIRPORTS: Kigali International Airport, Kanombe Kamembe Airport, Cyangugu POPULATION: 12,6 million (2018) HEALTH REQUIREMENTS These are not mandatory, unless you enter the country from a coun- try where yellow fever is prevalent and cholera zone RWANDA Seasonal Highlights NOV DEC-FEB MAR - MAY MAY-OCT The best time visit Rwanda is from mid-May to mid-October, this is the long dry season and has perfect conditions for tracking gorillas. -
Lessons from a Personal Journey Through the Genocide in Rwanda Written by Mukesh Kapila
Lessons from a Personal Journey through the Genocide in Rwanda Written by Mukesh Kapila This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. Lessons from a Personal Journey through the Genocide in Rwanda https://www.e-ir.info/2014/05/15/lessons-from-a-personal-journey-through-the-genocide-in-rwanda/ MUKESH KAPILA, MAY 15 2014 This article is part of an E-IR series marking the twentieth commemoration of the Rwandan Genocide. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. The theme of the official commemorations – Kwibuka20 – asks the world to stand against genocide in three ways [1]: To remember by honouring the memory of those who died and offering support to those who survived To unite by reconciling through shared human values To renew by sharing our experiences and learning from others, to create a better world together As I sat in Kigali’s Amahoro Stadium on 7th April 2014 watching the official ceremony [2] unfold, the speeches of Rwandan President Kagame, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, and other world leaders were interrupted by the packed crowd: first a low wailing, and then lamentations as the families of genocide survivors vented their anguish. Red Cross volunteers stretchered away those who could bear no more. My previous visit to that stadium had been in 1994 when it was hosting a few thousand of the luckier escapees from the genocide. -
S/1994/1125 4 October 1994
UNITED NATIONS S Security Council Distr. GENERAL S/1994/1125 4 October 1994 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH LETTER DATED 1 OCTOBER 1994 FROM THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL By its resolution 935 (1994) of 1 July 1994, the Security Council requested me to establish, as a matter of urgency, an impartial Commission of Experts to examine and analyse information submitted pursuant to that resolution, together with such further information as the Commission of Experts might obtain through its own investigations or the efforts of other persons or bodies, including the information made available by the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on Rwanda, with a view to providing me with its conclusions on the evidence of grave violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda, including the evidence of possible acts of genocide. On 26 and 29 July 1994, I informed the Security Council of the establishment of the Commission and its terms of reference and composition (S/1994/879 and S/1994/906). On that occasion, I expressed the hope that, in view of the urgency of the matter, the final report of the Commission would be submitted not later than 30 November 1994. The Commission began its work on 15 August 1994 and, after a series of meetings in Geneva, conducted a field mission to Rwanda and some neighbouring countries from 29 August to 17 September 1994. Pursuant to a decision taken at its first session, the Commission has transmitted to me an interim report which covers its preliminary investigations and activities prior to 30 September 1994. -
09-5051 Document: 1236118 Filed: 03/22/2010 Page: 1
Case: 09-5051 Document: 1236118 Filed: 03/22/2010 Page: 1 [ORAL ARGUMENT NOT YET SCHEDULED] CASE NO. 09-5051 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT GHALEB NASSAR AL-BIHANI, APPELLANT, v. BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ET AL., APPELLEES. ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA BRIEF FOR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS AND SCHOLARS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF REHEARING OR REHEARING EN BANC OONA HATHAWAY WALTER DELLINGER YALE LAW SCHOOL JUSTIN FLORENCE 127 Wall Street MICAH W.J. SMITH New Haven, CT 06510 O’MELVENY & MYERS LLP (203) 436-8969 1625 Eye St. NW Washington, DC 20006 STEPHEN I. VLADECK (202) 383-5300 4801 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20016 (202) 274-4241 Dated: March 22, 2010 Attorneys for Amici Curiae Case: 09-5051 Document: 1236118 Filed: 03/22/2010 Page: 2 Additional Counsel MARGERY F. BAKER DEBORAH LIU PEOPLE FOR THE AMERICAN WAY FOUNDATION 2000 M Street, NW Suite 4000 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 467-4999 DEVON CHAFFEE HUMAN RIGHTS FIRST 100 Maryland Avenue, NE Suite 500 Washington, DC 20010 (202) 370-3306 JOANNE MARINER HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor New York, NY 10118 (212) 290-4700 Case: 09-5051 Document: 1236118 Filed: 03/22/2010 Page: 3 RULE 26.1 DISCLOSURE STATEMENTS Pursuant to Rule 26.1 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, amici curiae make the following disclosures: The Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law certifies that it has not issued shares to the public, and has no parent company, subsidiary, or affiliate that has issued shares to the public. -
Ghaleb Nassir Awadh Al Bayhani, Ubaidah Al
SECRET // 20330401 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STATES COMMAND HEADQUARTERS , JOINT TASK FORCE GUANTANAMO U.S. NAVAL STATION , GUANTANAMO BAY , CUBA APOAE09360 CUBA JTF- GTMO- CDR 1 April 2008 MEMORANDUMFORCommander, UnitedStates SouthernCommand, 3511NW 91st Avenue, Miami, FL 33172 SUBJECT: Recommendationfor ContinuedDetentionUnder Control(CD) for GuantanamoDetainee, ISN 000128DP(S) JTF - GTMO Detainee Assessment 1. (S//NF) Personal Information : JDIMS / NDRC Reference Name : Ghaleb Nasser Current / True Name and Aliases : Ghaleb Nassir Awadh al Bayhani, Ubaidah al- Tabuki, Yarmook , Ghaleb Sufi, Mansur Nasir Awadh al-Bayhani, Salem Tabouk Place of Birth: Tabuk , Saudi Arabia (SA ) Date of Birth : 1979 Citizenship : Yemen (YM ) Internment Serial Number (ISN) : -000128DP 2. (U//FOUO) Health: Detainee is on a list ofhigh-risk detainees from a health perspective. Detainee is in overall fair health. He has chronic stable medical conditions with a history of a gunshot wound (GSW) to right shoulder prior to detention. Detainee further has history of chronic mechanical neck and lower back pain, mild intermittent asthma, chronic migraine headaches, epididymitis ( treated with antibiotics), patellar femoral tendonitis (both knees), hematuria (with urology evaluation and normal cystoscopy in April 2003 ), hyperlipidemia (declined treatment), and Diabetes (mellitus type 2 ) complicated by mild neuropathy. 3. (U JTF-GTMOAssessment: a. (S) Recommendation : JTF-GTMO recommends this detainee for Continued Detention Under Control (CD) . JTF-GTMO previously recommended detainee for Continued Detention Under Control (CD) on 3 June 2007. CLASSIFIED BY : MULTIPLE SOURCES REASON : E.O. 12958, AS AMENDED , SECTION 1.4 ( C DECLASSIFY ON : 20330401 SECRET NOFORN 20330401 SECRET NOFORN 20330401 JTF - GTMO -CDR SUBJECT : Recommendation for Continued Detention Under DoD Control (CD) for Guantanamo Detainee , ISN - 000128DP (S ) b . -
KT 8-4-2014 Layout 1
SUBSCRIPTION TUESDAY, APRIL 8, 2014 JAMADA ALTHANI 8, 1435 AH www.kuwaittimes.net Protests against India voters US Navy Distraught demolition kick off converting Pistorius of iconic world’s biggest seawater apologizes for building3 election7 into13 fuel killing17 girlfriend Sheikh Ahmad testifies Max 35º Min 16º over ‘conspiracy’ tape High Tide 07:08 & 16:57 Low Tide Court delays Barrak case after PM fails to appear 11:40 40 PAGES NO: 16129 150 FILS By B Izzak concern “local, parliamentary, (ruling) Khorafi took the case to the public pros- conspiracy theories family, financial and regional issues” and ecutor and asked him to investigate, KUWAIT: Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahd Al- that he dealt with them “in accordance categorically denying the allegations Sabah, the former deputy premier for with my national duties”. He provided made against him and the former pre- Expat phobia economic affairs and energy minister, no further details about the exact con- mier. appeared yesterday before the public tent of the recordings. He also did not The prosecutor then arrested the prosecution which is investigating an say who supplied him the recordings. tweeter, interrogated him and detained alleged audiotape targeting the former The issue began several weeks ago him for several days before releasing premier and parliament speaker. Sheikh when a tweeter wrote on his account him on bail. Last week, the prosecutor Ahmad, a senior member of the ruling that Sheikh Ahmad had received an decided to summon Sheikh Ahmad as a family, said after the interrogation that audiotape containing highly sensitive witness to hear his account. Sheikh By Badrya Darwish he appeared as a witness and denied information about former prime minis- Ahmad did not reveal what he said in there was any tape, but admitted receiv- ter Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohammad Al- his testimony and did not explain how ing scattered recordings.