Common Name Scientific Name Characteristics Location* Autumn silverberry Elaeagnus umbellata Bush, alternate, elliptic B silver Birds-eye speedwell Veronica persica Mat forming, 4 blue G petals Bitter dock Tall, alternate, curly F, G, P lance leaves Bull thistle Circium vulgare Rosettes, broad prickly F, P leaves, pink . Bull-nettle Solanum carolinense Upright leaves, prickly P alternate large teeth Burdock Arctium lappa Big , fuzzy P -like leaves Canada thistle Circium arvense Rosettes to tall, prickly F, P leaved, pink flowers. Carpet bugle Ajuga reptans Mat forming, puckered Y, P leaves, blue flowers Carpet Molluga verticillata Creeping, whorled G oblance leaves Common chickweed Stellaria media Creeping, delicate G opposite leaves Common horseweed Conyza canadensis Rosettes to tall, narrow B, F, P leafy Common plantain Plantago major Rosette of broad leaves, L, P parallel veins Common privet Ligustrum vulgare Bush, opposite, round B. P leaves Common purslane Portulaca oclecrea Sprawling, obovate, G succulent leaves Common ragweed Ambrosia artimesifolia Much dissected leaves, F, G, P alternate Common smartweed Persicaria pensylvanica Upright, lance , F, L, G smooth cup at base Common sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus Tall, alternate, prickly F, G, P milky leaves Common wingstem Verbesina oppositifolia Tall, alternate, toothed B, P leaves., wing stems Common yellow wood-sorrel Oxalis stricta Low growing, 3 heart- F, L, G shaped leaves Creeping charlie Glecoma hederacea Creeping vine, round- F, L, G toothed, heart Curly leaf dock Rumex cripsus Tall, alternate, broad F, L, G, P lance leaves English plantain Plantago lanceolata Rosette of narrow F, L, G, P leaves, parallel veins Field bindweed Vine, broad to narrow F, B, G arrow leaves Field garlic Allium vineale Bunched, hollow leaves F, L, G, P at base Field pepperwort Lepedium campestre Rosette-upright, F, L, G, P rounded to arrow leaves. Fireweed Erectites hieraciifolius Tall, toothed leaves, F, G, P green flowers Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Upright, leaves. B, P alternate heart, sharp teeth Giant ragweed Ambrosia trifoliata Single or 3-loved F, L, G, P leaves, alternate Hairy bittergrass Cardamine hirsuta Rosette, many rounded F, L, G, P leaflets Indian strawberry Potentilla indica Creeping, 5 leaflets, L, G rounded teeth Japanese knotweed japonica Tall, alternate, smooth B, P margin leaves Kidneyleaf buttercup Ranunculus abortivus Heart shaped, round F, L, G, P toothed leaves Longbristle smartweed Persicaria longiseta Sprawling, lance lf., F, G, L hairy cup at base Lyre-leaf sage Salvia lyrata Rosette of lyre shaped, L, P lobed leaves Peruvian daisy Galinsoga quadriradiata Arrow shaped, sharp G, L teeth, opposite Sheep sorrel Rumex acetosella Rosette leaves, arrow F, L, G, P shaped, lobed base Shepherds purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Rosette-upright, F, L, G, P rounded to arrow leaves Southern crownbeard Verbesina occidentalis Tall, opposite, broad L, G, P leaves, yellow flowers Spanish needles Bidens bipinnata Opposite, much L, G, P dissected leaves Two-leaved croton Croton glandulosus Upright, alternate/ F, L, G whorled sharp teeth Wart weed Euphorbia heiloscopia Low, leaves. alternate, L, G cupped flowers

Grasses and sedges Barnyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli Tall, deep rooted P, B Chinese silver grass, eulalia Miscanthus sinensis Massive bunch, long B, L leaves, silky flowers Crabgrass Digitaria spp. Spreading, medium G, L, P blades False nutsedge Cyperus strigosus Bunched, deep rooted G, L, P Japanese stilt-grass Microstegium Sprawling, wide leaves G, L, P vimineum Johnson grass Sorghum halepense Tall, very deep P, F Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi Spreading, narrow L, G, P leaves, deep rhizomes Old-witch grass Panicum capillare Bunched, wispy flowers L, P, F Perennial greenhead sedge Cyperus brevifoliuis Bunched, deep rhizomes L, G, P Quack grass Elymus repens Spreading, narrow L, G, P leaves, deep rhizomes