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Metazoan Parasite Community of Capoeta Damascina (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842), Tigris Basin, Mesopotamian Region- a Checklist

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Metazoan Parasite Community of Capoeta Damascina (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842), Tigris Basin, Mesopotamian Region- a Checklist Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, Vol. 12, No. 3, Ser. No. 36, 2011 Scientific Report Metazoan parasite community of Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1842), Tigris Basin, Mesopotamian region- a checklist Jalali Jafari, B.1 and Miar, A.2* 1Department of Aquatic Animal Disease, School of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran; 2Ph.D. Student in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, School of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran *Correspondence: A. Miar, Ph.D. Student in Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, School of Natural Re- sources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Argha- [email protected] (Received 4 Aug 2010; revised version 13 Feb 2011; accepted 1 Mar 2011) Summary In this paper, the metazoan parasite community system of Capoeta damascina in the Tigris basin (Meso- potamian region) in the Middle-East is presented. Overall, 54 species have been identified. Between 2005 and 2008, Iranian surveys of Capoeta damascina found a total of 47 metazoan parasites species, most identi- fied to species level. In addition, 6 parasite species from Iraq and 1 species from occupied Palestine have been reported. Among these, 16 species belong to Monogenea (30%), including Dactylogyrus 9, Gyrodacty- lus 4, Paradiplozoon 1 and Dogielius 2 species. The remaining 70% belong to: Cestoda (7.4%) including Ligula, spp Caryophyllaeus and Coelobothrium 1 species each; Crustacea (5.55%) comprising Lernaea, Ar- gulus Ergasilus 1 species each; Digenea (11.11%) containing Allocreadium spp, Diplostomum, Clinostomum tylodelphis, 1 species each; Acanthocephala (5.55%) 3 species; Nematoda (14%) 8 species; Myxozoa (18%) including Myxobolus with 9 species, Myxidium with 1 species and, Hirudinea 3 species; and at last, Bivalva, Unio as 1 species. Key words: Dactylogyrus, Metazoan, Parasites, Capoeta damascina Introduction halnandi” river, a Karkheh river tributary north of Ahwaz. Gonzáles-Solies et al. Capoeta damascina is found in Turkey, (1997) reported the nematodes Rhabdocho- Syria, Lebanon and from occupied Palestine na denudata and Rhabdochona fortunatowi to Iran. In Iran it is reported from the Tigris from this species in the Mand river, Fars. river and its headwaters in Kurdestan and Amin et al. (2003) identified the acanthoce- Kermanshah provinces, from the Karun ba- phalan Acanthocephalorhynchoides cholod- sin rivers (Dez, Karkheh), Zayandeh-Rood kowskyi from specimens collected in the river (Esfahan basin) and waters in Kavir- Mand river west of Shiraz, Fars. Jalali et al. Namak-Ghom and Maharlu basins (8 basins) (2005) and Jalali and Barzegar (2006) rec- (Fig. 1). Parasitological investigation of Ca- orded Trichodina pediculus, Dogielius mol- poeta damascina in Iran is recent, as it was nari, Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus caras- first started by Dollfus (1970) who described sobabrbi and D. lenkorani from this species a new cestode, Coelobothrium monodi, from in Lake Zarivar. Barzegar et al. (2008) found this species at “Nasratabad”, possibly from Dactylogyrus lenkorani, Gyrodactylus sp., the Lut basin. After many years, Jalali et al. Dactyolgyrus pulcher, Allocreadium isopo- (1995) described two new species of mono- rum and Myxobolus molnari from the Be- geneans - Dactylogyrus rohdeianus and D. heshtabad river. Mehdipoor et al. (2004) capoetae - from fish caught in the “Chag- recorded the monogeneans Dactylogyrus 265 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, Vol. 12, No. 3, Ser. No. 36, 2011 lenkorani and D. pulcher in Zayandeh-Rood dies of freshwater bodies. Further data was river fish. Barzegar and Jalali (2006) re- gathered from related papers published in ported parasitic from Kaftar Lake as Dacty- reliable scientific research journals and cred- logyrus lenkorani. Masoumian et al. (2007) ible research work of fisheries research or- recorded the myxosporean parasites Myx- ganizations or universities in Iran. Metazoan obolus samgoricus and M. varicorhini from parasites from our research work (see Table this species in the Zayandeh-Rood river. 1) are referred to as present work. Those not yet published were collected recently from various locations on examined fish including skin, fins, gill and bucal cavity. Samples were stained and mounted according to Fer- nando et al. (1972). Identification of parasites specimens was carried out in accordance with the keys giv- en by Gussev (1983), Moravec (1994), and Jalali (1998). The identification of fish host was car- ried out by an Iranian Ichthyologist in ac- cordance with Coad (1992), Abduli (1999) Fig. 1: Blue colors indicate riverine basin and and then the results were confirmed with the red colors indicate main area (Basins) where help of Dr. S. Holoik. Capoeta damascina is found, (Abduli, 1999) Data concerning species from Iraq was collected from published papers in reliable Ali et al. (1987) investigated the parasite scientific journals. fauna of this species (as Barbus belayewi) in the lower Diyala river and found Dactylogy- Results rus cornu on the gills and Neoechinorhyn- chus rutili in the intestine. Amin et al. Table 1 shows the 46 metazoan parasites (2003) summarized the monogenetic trema- reported during the present study in Iran and tode Dactylogyrus species of Iraqi fish and 6 species in Iraq, with no overlap. In addi- reported D. cornu on this fish species (as B. tion, Paperna (1961) described Dogielius belayewi). Balasem et al. (1995) surveyed planatus in Galilee Lake in occupied Pales- fish parasites from the Tigris river at tine, for the first time. Overall, 54 metazoan Za’faraniyah, south of Baghdad, and found parasites species have been shown to occur the myxozoan Myxobolus pfeifferi on this in these study countries (Fig. 2). These me- species (as B. belayewi). Amin et al. (2003) tazoan parasites represent different systemat- describe a new species of Acanthocephalan, ic groups including 16 monogenean, 9 Myx- Neoechinorhynchus zabensis, from the intes- ozoa, 6 digenean, 8 nematoda, 4 Cestoda, 3 tine of fish from the Lesser and Greater Zab Acanthocephala, 3 crustacean, 3 hirudinean, river. Recently, Amin et al. (2003), Bilal and 1 bivalvida (Fig. 3). (2006), and Bilal and Abdullah (2008) iden- The community of monogenean para- tified and reported several nematodes, acan- sites, with 16 species, constituted the most thocephalan and pleistophora species in C. common metazoan parasite group, account- damascina. According to data collected by ing for (30%). various authors so far, 53 metazoan parasites Capoeta damascina was found to be in- species belonging to 9 classes were found fected by 4 zoonotic metazoan parasite lar- and appear in scientific journals. vae species, serving as an intermediate host. These larvae include 2 digenean (metacerca- Materials and Methods ria) and 2 Cestoda (plerocercoid) which are commonly found parasitizing cyprinid fish. Collection of data for preparation of the The community of ectoparasites in- present review primarily originated from cludes23 species, all with complete life fish health studies in different natural and man-made lakes during comprehensive stu- 266 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, Vol. 12, No. 3, Ser. No. 36, 2011 Table 1: List of metazoan parasite species found in Capoeta damascina in Iran, Iraq, and occupied Palestine Monogenea Digenea Cestoda Nematoda+ Acanthocephala+ Myxozoa Crustacea Hirudinian+ Bivalve D. capoetae Diplostomum spata- Coelobothrium mo- Rabdochona denu- Acanthorhychoides Myxobolus samgori- Lernaea cyprinicea Cystobranchus Unio sp. ceom (metacercaria) nody date choldchowski cus (Masoumian et (Jalali et al., 1995) respirans (Jalali et al., 1995) (Barzegar et al., 2008) al., 2007) D. carasobarb Allocreadium isopo- Kawia armenica R. fortunatowi Neoechinorhinchus M. varicorhini (Ma- Argulus foliaceus Hellobdella sp. rum rutili (Bilal and soumian et al., 2007) Abdullah, 2008) D. cornu A. laymani L. intestinalis Rhabdochona Neoechinorhynchus M. pfefferi (Bilal and Ergasilus sp. Trachobdella sp. zabensis (Amin et al., Abdullah, 2008) gnedini 2003) D. lenkorani A. trandversasli Ligula sp. Rabdochona sp. M. molnari (Jalali et al., 2000) D. linstowi Tylodelphis sp. (meta- R. macrostoma M. musajevi (Jalali cercaria) (Barzegar et et al., 2000) al., 2008) D. pulcher Clinostomum compla- Hepaticola M. cristatus (Ma- natum (metcercaria) soumian et al., 2007) petruschewkii D. rohdeianus Contracaecum M. karelicus (Ma- soumian et al., 2007) (Jalali et al., 1995) micropapilatum Dactylogyrus sp1 Rhabdochona tigrae M. buckei (Masou- (Bilal, 2006) mian et al., 2007) Dactylogyrus sp2 M. suturalis (Ma- soumian et al., 2007) Do. Molnari Myxidium rhodei (Jalali et al., 2000) (Jalali and Barzegar, 2006) Do. Planates (Paperna, 1961) Paradiplozoon sp. (Jalali et al., 2005) Gyrodactylus spp4 (Jalali and Barzegar, 2006) +: Parasites found in riverine habitat 267 Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University, Vol. 12, No. 3, Ser. No. 36, 2011 spans; 16 mongenean, 3 hirudinean, 3 crus- plains- was studied. The structure of the me- tacean and 1 bivalvida. Endoparasite com- tazoan community where monogeneans are munities were composed of 9 myxzoa, 8 the dominant component indicates a high nematode, 6 digenean, 3 Acanthocephalan eutrophication of water bodies down streams and 4 Cestoda; in total 30 species, all with in the Tigris region. In these parts of the re- indirect life spans. gion, 16 Monogenean,
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