DOCSLIB.ORG

Enemies of the State?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ENEMIES OF THE STATE? How governments and business silence land and environmental defenders JULY 2019 ENEMIES OF THE STATE? How governments and business silence land and environmental defenders 1 2 ENEMIES OF THE STATE? How governments and business silence land and environmental defenders Executive summary 6 Number of killings per country in 2018 8 Top findings of this report 9 Global map of physical and legal attacks in 2018 10-15 Philippines: The world’s deadliest country 16 Guatemala: A five-fold surge in killings 22 A focus on criminalisation 27 Iran: Crackdown on human rights spreads to environmentalists 30 UK: Draconian jail sentences for anti-fracking protesters 31 Conclusion 34 Recommendations 36 Methodology 38 Acknowledgements 39 This report, and our campaign, is dedicated to all JESÚS ORLANDO GRUESO OBREGÓN, COLOMBIA those individuals, communities and organisations that JHONATAN CUNDUMÍ ANCHINO, COLOMBIA are bravely taking a stand to defend human rights, JOSÉ ABRAHAM GARCÍA, COLOMBIA their land, and our environment. JOSÉ OSVALDO TAQUEZ TAQUEZ, COLOMBIA 164 of them were murdered last year for doing just that. JOSÉ URIEL RODRÍGUEZ, COLOMBIA We remember their names, and celebrate their activism. LUIS ALEXANDER CASTELLANOS TRIANA, COLOMBIA ALUÍSIO SAMPAIO DOS SANTOS, BRAZIL MARÍA DEL CARMEN MORENO PAEZ, COLOMBIA CARLOS ANTÔNIO DOS SANTOS, BRAZIL NIXON MUTIS, COLOMBIA EDEMAR RODRIGUES DA SILVA, BRAZIL ÓLIVER HERRERA CAMACHO, COLOMBIA EDUARDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS, BRAZIL PLINIO PULGARÍN, COLOMBIA GAZIMIRO SENA PACHECO, BRAZIL RAMÓN ASCUÉ, COLOMBIA GILSON MARIA TEMPONI, BRAZIL YOLANDA MATURANA, COLOMBIA HAROLDO BETCEL, BRAZIL BARTHELEMIE KAKULE MULEWA, DRC ISMAURO FATIMO DOS SANTOS, BRAZIL FAUSTIN BIRIKO NZABAKURIKIZA, DRC JOACIR FRAN ALVES DA MOTA, BRAZIL ILA MURANDA, DRC JORGINHO GUAJAJARA, BRAZIL JEAN DE DIEU BYAMUNGU, DRC JOSÉ BERNARDO DA SILVA, BRAZIL KANANWA SIBOMANA, DRC JUVENIL MARTINS RODRIGUES, BRAZIL KASEREKA MASUMBUKO EZECHIEL, DRC KATISON DE SOUZA, BRAZIL LIÉVIN MUMBERE KASUMBA, DRC LEOCI RESPLANDES DE SOUSA, BRAZIL THÉODORE KASEREKA PRINCE, DRC LUCAS DE LIMA BATISTA, BRAZIL BAKARY KUJABI, GAMBIA MÁRCIO MATOS, BRAZIL ISMAILA BAH, GAMBIA NAZILDO DOS SANTOS BRITO, BRAZIL ALEJANDRO HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, GUATEMALA PAULO SÉRGIO ALMEIDA NASCIMENTO, BRAZIL ALFREDO NORBERTO MAZARIEGOS PINTO, RODRIGO CELESTINO, BRAZIL GUATEMALA VALDEMIR RESPLANDES, BRAZIL CRISANTO GARCIA OHAJACA, GUATEMALA SEK WATHANA, CAMBODIA DOMINGO ESTEBAN PEDRO, GUATEMALA TEURN SOKNAI, CAMBODIA ELIZANDRO PÉREZ, GUATEMALA THUL KHNA, CAMBODIA FLORENCIO PÉREZ NÁJERA, GUATEMALA ALEJANDRO CASTRO, CHILE FRANCISCO MUNGUIA, GUATEMALA CAMILO CATRILLANCA, CHILE HÉCTOR MANUEL CHOC CUZ, GUATEMALA CARLOS JIMMY PRADO GALLARDO, COLOMBIA JOSÉ CAN XOL, GUATEMALA EDIXON PANCHE NOSCUÉ, COLOMBIA JUANA RAYMUNDO, GUATEMALA EDWIN DAGUA, COLOMBIA LUIS ARMANDO MALDONADO MARIN, GUATEMALA EMILIANO TROCHEZ, COLOMBIA LUÍS ARTURO MARROQUÍN, GUATEMALA FABIOLA FAJARDO, COLOMBIA MATEO CHAMAN PAAU, GUATEMALA FLOVER SAPUYES GAVIRIA, COLOMBIA NERY ESTEBAN PEDRO, GUATEMALA FREDY JULIÁN CONDA DAGUA, COLOMBIA RAMÓN CHOC SACRAB, GUATEMALA HÉCTOR FABIO ALMARIO, COLOMBIA RONAL DAVID BARILLAS DÍAZ, GUATEMALA HÉCTOR JANER LATÍN, COLOMBIA CARLOS HERNÁNDEZ, HONDURAS HOLMES ALBERTO NISCUE, COLOMBIA GEOVANNY DÍAZ CÁRCAMO, HONDURAS HOVER ALEXÁNDER ORREGO, COLOMBIA LUIS FERNANDO AYALA, HONDURAS JAMES LUÍS JIMÉNEZ ESTRADA, COLOMBIA 4 RAMÓN FIALLOS, HONDURAS NOEL CASTILLO AGUILAR, MEXICO AJIT MANESHWAR NAIK, INDIA QUINTÍN SALGADO SALGADO, MEXICO ANTONY SELVARAJ, INDIA ROLANDO CRISPIN LÓPEZ, MEXICO B SAILU, INDIA SERGIO RIVERA HERNÁNDEZ, MEXICO CONSTABLE JAGADEESAN, INDIA SAFEER HUSSAIN, PAKISTAN GLADSTON, INDIA AGUDO QUILLIO, PHILIPPINES HIMMAT KOL, INDIA ANGELIFE ARSENAL, PHILIPPINES JANCY RANI, INDIA BENJAMIN RAMOS, PHILIPPINES JAYARAMAN, INDIA BEVERLY GERONIMO, PHILIPPINES KALIAPPAN, INDIA BRONSEL IMPIEL, PHILIPPINES KANTHIAH, INDIA DANIEL TEJAMO, PHILIPPINES KARTHICK, INDIA DOMINADOR LUCAS, PHILIPPINES MANIRAJ, INDIA EGLICERIO VILLEGAS, PHILIPPINES MURUGAN MARUDHAVANAN, INDIA GILBERT PLABIAL, PHILIPPINES POIPYNHUN MAJAW, INDIA JAIME DELOS SANTOS, PHILIPPINES RANJITH KUMAR, INDIA JEAN PLABIAL, PHILIPPINES S JEGADISH DURA, INDIA JERRY TURGA, PHILIPPINES SANDEEP SHARMA, INDIA JOEMARIE OGAHAYON, PHILIPPINES SELVASEKAR, INDIA JOSE UNAHAN, PHILIPPINES SHANMUGAM, INDIA JULIUS BARELLANO, PHILIPPINES SNOWLIN, INDIA LANDO PERDICOS, PHILIPPINES SUBEDAR SINGH KUSHWAHA, INDIA MARCELINA DUMAGUIT, PHILIPPINES SURESH ORAON, INDIA MARCHSTEL SUMICAD, PHILIPPINES TAMILARASAN, INDIA MARCIAL PATTAGUAN, PHILIPPINES MUHAMMAD YUSUF, INDONESIA MARK VENTURA, PHILIPPINES FARSHID HAKKI, IRAN MORENA MENDOZA, PHILIPPINES KAVOUS SEYED EMAMI, IRAN PATERNO BARON, PHILIPPINES MOHAMMAD PAZHOUHI, IRAN RANNEL BANTIGUE, PHILIPPINES OMID KOHNEPOUSHI, IRAN RENE LAURENCIO, PHILIPPINES RAHMAT HAKIMINIA, IRAN RICARDO MAYUMI, PHILIPPINES SHARIF BAJOUR, IRAN RICKY OLADO, PHILIPPINES JOMO NYANGUTI, KENYA ROLLY PANEBIO, PHILIPPINES ROBERT KIROTICH, KENYA ROMMEL ROMON, PHILIPPINES ABRAHAM HERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ, MEXICO RONALD MANLANAT, PHILIPPINES ADRIÁN TIHUILIT, MEXICO YANDONG MENYO, PHILIPPINES GUADALUPE CAMPANUR, MEXICO MOUSTAPHA GUEYE, SENEGAL JANETH GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ, MEXICO RESPECT MATHEBULA, SOUTH AFRICA JESÚS ÁLVAREZ CHÁVEZ, MEXICO KATERYNA HANDZIUK, UKRAINE JESÚS JAVIER RAMOS ARREOLA, MEXICO MYKOLA BYCHKHO, UKRAINE JOAQUÍN DÍAZ MORALES, MEXICO NIKOLAI YAREMA, UKRAINE JULIÁN CARRILLO, MEXICO PEDRO VIELMA, VENEZUELA MANUEL GASPAR RODRÍGUEZ, MEXICO RAMÓN ROSARIO, VENEZUELA MARGARITO DIAZ GONZALEZ, MEXICO REYES ORLANDO PARRA, VENEZUELA 5 Julián Carrillo was one of at least 14 land and environmental defenders to be killed in Mexico in 2018. © Amnesty International/Marianne Bertrand real figure is likely to be much higher, because cases are often not recorded and very rarely investigated. Reliable EXECUTIVE evidence is hard to find or verify. This report also highlights how killings are the most SUMMARY violent manifestation of myriad abuses. Non-lethal violence and intimidation is rife, and similarly often undocumented. Alongside the physical abuses, Julián Carrillo knew he was a marked man. A vocal governments and businesses use courts and legal systems opponent of the mining concessions on his community’s to silence those who threaten their interests. In a brutally land, in Chihuahua State, Mexico, he had seen five savage irony, killers of land and environmental defenders members of his family killed in two years and his house generally escape punishment while the activists burned down. Julián had received numerous death themselves are branded as criminals. threats before his body was found riddled with bullets on That is why this year, for the first time, Global Witness 24 October 2018.1 has documented the use and abuse of laws and policies Fighting to protect land and the environment has become designed to criminalise and intimidate defenders, their more dangerous in Mexico, with at least 14 people killed families and the communities they represent. These in 2018 alone. But Carrillo’s death also fits a worrying tactics can be used to tarnish reputations, choke off global trend. As demand for products like timber, palm oil funding and lock activists into costly legal battles that and minerals continues to grow, governments, companies stop them from carrying out their work. Cracking down and criminal gangs are routinely stealing land and on one individual or organisation also creates a powerful trashing habitats in pursuit of profit. When the ordinary chilling effect for would-be defenders. people who live on these lands take a stand, they come These subtler threats don’t make the headlines like up against companies’ private security, state forces, killings do, which is why they are so useful to those who contract killers, or in less violent confrontations, teams of want to crush dissent. As with killings, indigenous people aggressive lawyers. are on the frontline of attacks by countries’ legal systems, The data, analysis and human stories in this report alongside the institutions and organisations that exist to highlight the scale of this problem. We seek to understand protect them. how and why land and environmental defenders who While this report focuses on events in 2018, at the time should be celebrated as heroes for protecting their of writing in July 2019, the signs are worrying that the communities and ecosystems are routinely being situation for environmental and land defenders will murdered, arrested and intimidated. Our report finds worsen. The rise of populist strongmen around the that on average more than three activists were killed world has brought a clampdown on protest, often under every week in 2018 defending their land from invasion the pretence of protecting national security or fighting by industries like mining, logging and agribusiness. The 6 terrorism. The broader social and political consequences to oil and gas companies.5 Seven US states have also of these developments are generally dire, and they bring introduced legislation to crack down on protest since specific dangers for defenders, as these examples show: 2018, according to the International Center for Not-for- Profit Law.6 In March 2019, a Bill passed in South Dakota Brazil’s new President Jair Bolsonaro has pledged to gave state and local governments new powers to penalise open indigenous reserves to commercial development, groups and individuals even indirectly involved in anti- including mining, agriculture and infrastructure. In pipeline actions.7 2019
Recommended publications
  • Nigeria: Evidence of Corruption and the Influence of Social Norms

    Nigeria: Evidence of Corruption and the Influence of Social Norms

    www.transparency.org www.cmi.no Nigeria: Evidence of corruption and the influence of social norms Query Can you provide an overview of corruption in Nigeria, presenting the existing evidence on what types of corruption take place in the country, at what levels of society, at what magnitude – and in particular, what social norms are involved? Purpose nepotism and cronyism, among others; and (ii) to preserve power, which includes electoral Contribute to the agency’s work in this area. corruption, political patronage, and judicial corruption. Content Evidence also suggests that these forms of 1. Introduction: The literature on corruption in corruption are related to the country’s social Nigeria norms. Nigeria is assessed as a neo-patrimonial state, where power is maintained through the 2. Social norms and corruption in Nigeria awarding of personal favours and where 3. Forms of corruption in Nigeria politicians may abuse their position to extract as 4. References many rents as possible from the state. Summary This answer provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding corruption and social norms, highlighting the main areas discussed in the literature related to the social mechanisms influencing corruption in the country, as well as an overview of existing evidence regarding the main forms of corruption that take place in Nigeria. Available evidence demonstrates that corruption in Nigeria serves two main purposes: (i) to extract rents from the state, which includes forms of corruption such as embezzlement, bribery, Author(s): Maíra Martini, Transparency International, [email protected] Reviewed by: Marie Chêne; Samuel Kaninda, Transparency International Acknowledgement: Thanks to the Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC) for their contribution.
  • UNDERMINING SANCTIONS Evidence Suggests Scandal-Hit Billionaire Dan Gertler Is Trying to Dodge US Sanctions Using a Suspected Money Laundering Network

    UNDERMINING SANCTIONS Evidence Suggests Scandal-Hit Billionaire Dan Gertler Is Trying to Dodge US Sanctions Using a Suspected Money Laundering Network

    UNDERMINING SANCTIONS Evidence suggests scandal-hit billionaire Dan Gertler is trying to dodge US sanctions using a suspected money laundering network 2 July 2020 On 8 March 2018, a man walks into friends, and crush his enemies, Gertler’s mining a nondescript bank on Boulevard 30 deals have drawn the interest of investigators Juin, a congested and chaotic artery and prosecutors around the world. For his former business partners in DRC, Gertler has morphed running through the heart of from lucky charm into Achilles heel. Various Kinshasa, the sprawling capital of multinational companies, such as Glencore, Och- Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). He has come to Afriland First Bank Ziff and Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation to make a deposit: $6 million, over (ENRC), who have all worked with Gertler in DRC, three separate cash deposits, into have faced or are facing investigations by American, Swiss and British law enforcement the account of an obscure company bodies into their Congolese deals.3 he had set up less than two months earlier. On 21 December 2017 – just a few months before Abihassira found himself delivering millions in The company appears to be a sham, and the cash to a Kinshasa bank – Gertler’s wheeling and provenance of the $6 million deposited at dealing finally caught up with him: he was Afriland Bank that day is unclear. The money sits sanctioned by the US for “hundreds of millions of in the company account for several months, but dollars’ worth of opaque and corrupt mining and is later sent on a circuitous journey via a oil deals” in DRC.4 Congolese middleman and another suspicious Overnight, Gertler, 18 of his companies, his family company, before some of the money is funneled foundation and any other company he owns a abroad.
  • Global Witness Report Reveals How Cambodia's Political Elite Are

    Global Witness Report Reveals How Cambodia's Political Elite Are

    Cannot read this email? Click here CONTENTS August 2007 Exposing high-level illegal logging in Cambodia Dear @FIRSTNAME@, Instigating a global drive towards energy Welcome to a bumper edition of the Global revenue transparency Witness newsletter. You'll see we have more Mittal Steel agrees a better deal for the stories than ever before - since March we Liberian people have launched three exciting new investigative reports, highlighted to the US Hot Chocolate: the violent origins of the cocoa government the importance of energy in chocolate revenue transparency, drawn ethical Revealing the extent of illegal logging in investors' attention to strange goings on at Nicaragua the HSBC bank, brought important recommendations to the Congolese HSBC's environmental approach is criticised by government, and seen a real success taking investors place in Liberia. Read on for more of the latest news from our campaigns to end Pushing for reform of the Democratic Republic resource-fuelled conflict, corruption and of Congo's natural resource governance environmental destruction throughout the world. Global Witness Report Reveals how Cambodia’s Political Elite are Stripping the Country of its Natural Resources In June this year Global Witness published a damning report on illegal logging and high-level corruption in Cambodia called Cambodia’s Family Trees . The result of several years undercover research in Cambodia, the report exposes in graphic detail how a syndicate comprising relatives of Prime Minister Hun Sen and other senior officials has looted the country’s forests. Members of this group are heavily implicated in cases of kidnapping and attempted murder. The report also presents evidence of corruption by senior officials and the smuggling activities of elite military units controlled by Hun Sen.
  • A Decade of Experience:REDD

    A Decade of Experience:REDD

    A Decade of Experience Lessons Learned from Independent Forest Monitoring to Inform REDD Global Witness December 2009 Acknowledgements Global Witness would like to acknowledge support received from the UN Collaborative Programme on REDD (UN-REDD) to produce this report. Global Witness Limited (Global Witness) is a non-profit company limited by guarantee and incorporated in England (Company No. 2871809). Global Witness exposes and breaks the links between the exploitation of natural resources and the funding of conflict, corruption and human rights abuses. Global Witness carries out investigations in countries devastated by conflict, corruption and poverty and our findings from these investigations are used to brief governments, intergovernmental organisations, civil society and the media. Global Witness is recognised as the equivalent of a US public charity as described in section 509(a)(1) of the US Internal Revenue Service Code 1986. ISBN: 978-0-9562028-9-5 © Global Witness Ltd. December 2009 Disclaimer Any views expressed in this report are those of Global Witness. This document has been printed on 100% recycled paper. Table of Contents Abbreviations and Terms ii-iii 1 Introduction 1 2 Designing Independent Forest Monitoring 3 2.1 Goal and minimum standards 3 2.2 Establishing IFM 5 2.2.1 Scoping work 5 2.2.2 Host institution, agreement and stakeholder engagement 5 2.2.3 Terms of Reference 5 2.2.4 The monitoring team 6 2.2.5 Reporting Panel 6 2.3 Funding 8 2.3.1 The cost of IFM 8 3 Independent Forest Monitoring In Practice 11 4 Impacts
  • The Dramatic Rise in Killings of Environmental and Land Defenders 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 Deadly Environment Contents

    The Dramatic Rise in Killings of Environmental and Land Defenders 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 Deadly Environment Contents

    DEADLY ENVIRONMENT THE DRAMATIC RISE IN KILLINGS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND LAND DEFENDERS 1.1.2002–31.12.2013 DEADLY ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS Executive summary 4 Recommendations 7 Methodology and scope 8 Global findings and analysis 12 Case study: Brazil 18 Case study: Phillipines 20 Conclusion 22 Annex: methodology and scope 23 Endnotes 24 3 The report’s findings and recommendations were noted DEADLY at the summit, with UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay commenting, “It is shocking, but it is not ENVIRONMENT a surprise to me because this is what my own office has been finding in respect of the land claims of indigenous people, not only here in Brazil but elsewhere.”5 THE RISE IN KILLINGS Yet in the month after the Rio summit, 18 environmental OF ENVIRONMENTAL and land defenders were murdered across seven countries. The day the summit closed, two advocates for fishermen’s AND LAND DEFENDERS rights were abducted nearby in Rio de Janeiro state. Almir Nogueira de Amorim and João Luiz Telles Penetra6 7 8 9 were found executed a few days later. They had long campaigned to protect Rio’s fishing communities from the expansion of oil operations. To date, no-one has been held to account for their killings. Executive summary They were just two of 147 known killings of activists in 2012, making it the deadliest year on record to be defend- Never has it been more important to protect the environ- ing rights to land and the environment. ment, and never has it been more deadly. Competition for access to natural resources is intensifying against a back- In December 2014 government officials from around drop of extreme global inequality, while humanity has the world will gather for the next climate change talks already crossed several vital planetary environmental in Lima, Peru.
  • April 16, 2015, 10:46 P.M. Annual Review 2010 \ 1

    April 16, 2015, 10:46 P.M. Annual Review 2010 \ 1

    \ 1 CONTENTS OUR WORK 4 DIrectors’ messAGE 6 CorruPTION 8 COMPANIes 10 GoVernMents 12 THE FINAncIAL sector 12 CAse studY: KAZAKHstAN, KAZAKHMYS And THE London Stock EXCHANGE 14 ConFLICT 16 DEMocrATIC REPUBLIC OF ConGO 18 SudAN 18 LIBerIA 20 ConFLIct DIAMonds 21 CAse studY: ConFLIct MInerALS IN EAstern ConGO 22 EndING IMPunITY 24 DRC LEGAL ActIon 26 JudICIAL REVIew 26 AccountABILITY IN LIBerIA 26 LIBEL reForM 27 ForestS & CLIMATE 28 REDD+ 30 IndustrIAL scALE LOGGING 32 ILLEGAL LOGGING IN MADAGAscAR 32 EMPowerING CIVIL socIetY 33 CAse studY: MADAGAscAR’S ILLEGAL rosewood trAde 34 FundrAISING 36 THAnk You 36 IncoME And EXPendIture 37 Our donors 38 More information about all our campaigns can be found on our website www.globalwitness.org \ 3 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) (Oslo, Norway) Donor aid and corruption (Paris) Global anti-money laundering standards (Paris) Judicial Review (London) Accountability for Liberia (The Hague, Holland) 2010: Libel reform (London) OURGLOBAL WITNESS WORK New US transparency laws (Washington) Industrial scale logging (Washington) UN REDD+ agreement (Cancun, Mexico) Empowering civil society (Peru, Ecuador) Former Soviet Union (Kazakhstan) Singapore’s demand for Cambodia’s sand Oil transparency in Sudan (China) Gaps in Angola’s oil data British banks and Nigerian corruption Minerals in the Democratic Republic of Congo Congolese legal action Oil transparency in Sudan Post-conflict Liberia Conflict diamonds (Zimbabwe) Illegal logging in Madagascar Empowering civil society to make forest use
  • Global Witness ANNUAL REVIEW 2008 ABOUT GLOBAL WITNESS

    Global Witness ANNUAL REVIEW 2008 ABOUT GLOBAL WITNESS

    ANNUAL REPORT 2008 global witness ANNUAL REVIEW 2008 ABOUT GLOBAL WITNESS THEY [GLOBAL WITNESS] EPITOMISE THE COMMITMENT, CREATIVITY AND DILIGENCE THAT SHOULD BE THE HALLMARK OF LEADERSHIP – WHETHER OF NON-PROFIT ADVOCACY GROUPS, COMPANIES, OR NATIONS…MOST NOTABLY [GLOBAL WITNESS] HAVE REJECTED EASY ANSWERS THAT, FOR TRUE CHAMPIONS OF PEACE, ARE FLEETING AND EMPTY. TONY P. HALL AND FRANK R. WOLF, MEMBERS OF US CONGRESS AND PATRICK LEAHY, US SENATOR RECOMMENDATION LETTER FOR THE 2003 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE GLOBAL WITNESS INVESTIGATES AND CAMPAIGNS Throughout 2008 Global Witness continued to make TO PREVENT NATURAL RESOURCE-RELATED CONFLICT great strides towards breaking the links between natural AND CORRUPTION AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL resource extraction and conflict, corruption and human AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES. rights and environmental abuses across the world. From investigations into conflict minerals in the In 2006, aid flows to Africa totalled $49 billion while Democratic Republic of Congo and illegal logging in payments for natural resources were an incredible Liberia, to a new and ambitious strand of work on $250 billion. This discrepancy illustrates the potential banks and financial institutions, Global Witness that natural resources have to eliminate poverty continued to use its analysis, awareness-raising, and promote economic growth. The trade in natural lobbying, and policy development to advocate for resources is huge – and so are the profits associated systemic change. with it. However, often the benefits are diverted or co-opted by elites who ride roughshod over human By exposing the roots of conflict and corruption, and rights in their attempts at self-enrichment. Extensive refusing to accept that some problems are too large to corruption, particularly in vulnerable countries, including be tackled, or some attitudes too entrenched to be those that are coming out of lengthy periods of conflict, challenged, Global Witness seeks not just front-line exacerbates inequality and entrenches poverty.
  • Corruption Perceptions Index 2020

    Corruption Perceptions Index 2020

    CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. With more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality. #cpi2020 www.transparency.org/cpi Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2021. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-96076-157-0 2021 Transparency International. Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 DE. Quotation permitted. Please contact Transparency International – [email protected] – regarding derivatives requests. CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 2-3 12-13 20-21 Map and results Americas Sub-Saharan Africa Peru Malawi 4-5 Honduras Zambia Executive summary Recommendations 14-15 22-23 Asia Pacific Western Europe and TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE European Union 6-7 Vanuatu Myanmar Malta Global highlights Poland 8-10 16-17 Eastern Europe & 24 COVID-19 and Central Asia Methodology corruption Serbia Health expenditure Belarus Democratic backsliding 25 Endnotes 11 18-19 Middle East & North Regional highlights Africa Lebanon Morocco TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL 180 COUNTRIES. 180 SCORES. HOW DOES YOUR COUNTRY MEASURE UP?
  • Complete Dissertation

    Complete Dissertation

    VU Research Portal Renewing Destruction: Wind Energy Development in Oaxaca, Mexico Dunlap, A.A. 2017 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Dunlap, A. A. (2017). Renewing Destruction: Wind Energy Development in Oaxaca, Mexico. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 08. Oct. 2021 4 VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Renewing Destruction: Wind Energy Development in Oaxaca, Mexico ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. V. Subramaniam, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen op donderdag 1 juni 2017 om 11.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Alexander Antony Dunlap geboren te Los Angeles 4 promotor: prof.dr.
  • State of the World's Indigenous Peoples

    State of the World's Indigenous Peoples

    5th Volume State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples Photo: Fabian Amaru Muenala Fabian Photo: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources Acknowledgements The preparation of the State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples: Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources has been a collaborative effort. The Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues within the Division for Inclusive Social Development of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat oversaw the preparation of the publication. The thematic chapters were written by Mattias Åhrén, Cathal Doyle, Jérémie Gilbert, Naomi Lanoi Leleto, and Prabindra Shakya. Special acknowledge- ment also goes to the editor, Terri Lore, as well as the United Nations Graphic Design Unit of the Department of Global Communications. ST/ESA/375 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for Inclusive Social Development Indigenous Peoples and Development Branch/ Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 5TH Volume Rights to Lands, Territories and Resources United Nations New York, 2021 Department of Economic and Social Affairs The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environ- mental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.
  • Defending Tomorrow

    Defending Tomorrow

    DEFENDING TOMORROW The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders DEFENDING TOMORROW The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defendersJuly 20201 Cover image: Benjamin Wachenje / Global Witness DEFENDING TOMORROW The climate crisis and threats against land and environmental defenders Executive summary 6 A global analysis and top findings 8 Defenders: on the frontline of the climate crisis 11 Global map of attacks in 2019 14 Colombia: a rising tide of violence 20 Victories for people – and the planet 24 Philippines: criminalised for protecting the environment 26 Agribusiness: attacks on the rise 30 Romania: corruption and murder in the EU 32 Conclusion: business that costs the earth 35 Recommendations 36 Impacts and achievements of the Defenders’ Campaign 38 Methodology 40 Acknowledgements 42 Endnotes 43 This report, and our campaign, is dedicated to all those EMILIANO CHOCUE, COLOMBIA individuals, communities and organisations that are ENRIQUE GUEJIA MEZA, COLOMBIA bravely taking a stand to defend human rights, their ERIC ESNORALDO VIERA PAZ, COLOMBIA land, and our environment. EUGENIO TENORIO, COLOMBIA 212 of them were murdered last year for doing just that. FERNANDO JARAMILLO, COLOMBIA FREIMAN BAICUÉ, COLOMBIA We remember their names, and celebrate their activism. GERSAÍN YATACUÉ, COLOMBIA GILBERTO DOMICÓ DOMICÓ, COLOMBIA RONALD ACEITUNO ROMERO, BOLIVIA HENRY CAYUY, COLOMBIA ALEXANDRE COELHO FURTADO NETO, BRAZIL HERNÁN ANTONIO BERMÚDEZ ARÉVALO, COLOMBIA ALUCIANO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS, BRAZIL
  • FINAL REPORT of the NATIONAL FACT-FINDING and SOLIDARITY MISSION in NEGROS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES April 4-8, 2019

    FINAL REPORT of the NATIONAL FACT-FINDING and SOLIDARITY MISSION in NEGROS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES April 4-8, 2019

    FINAL REPORT OF THE NATIONAL FACT-FINDING AND SOLIDARITY MISSION IN NEGROS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES April 4-8, 2019 CONTEXT On March 30, 2019, between 2:00am to 5:30am, fourteen (14) persons were killed by State security forces during their operations in Canlaon City, Manjuyod, and Sta. Catalina towns in Negros Oriental province in the Philippines. At least fifteen (15) persons were also reportedly arrested in the said localities, according to relatives of the victims and peasant organizations in the province. In a report by Bombo Radyo Cebu, the PNP Region 7 said that it launched its Simultaneous Enhanced Managing Police Operations (SEMPO) or Oplan Sawron in Negros Oriental. Central Visayas Police Regional Office (PRO-7) Chief Debold Sinas said that the police served 37 search warrants to “various personalities due to illegal possession of firearms.” He also said that they were able to serve 31 search warrants; 14 were killed when these personalities resisted arrests, while 12 others were arrested.1 In another article, Sinas also reportedly said that those who were killed were members of the CPP-NPA and that the 14 refused to surrender and engaged the police in a shoot-out. “They really fought. Even in Oplan Sauron Part 1, there was a directive from the top leadership of the rebels to fight it out with the police. They were not ready to surrender because they were hardcore rebels,” Sinas said.2 On April 1, 2019, PNP Chief Oscar Albayalde and Presidential Spokesperon Salvador Panelo said that these are legitimate police operations.3 1 http://www.bomboradyo.com/14-killed-12-arrested-in-series-of-pnp-operation-in-negros-oriental/ 2 https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-news/2019/03/31/1906104/negros-oriental-14-rebels-dead 3 http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/4/1/pnp-probe-negros-oriental-operation-not-massacre.html 1 The mass killings and illegal arrests of farmers in Negros Oriental are the latest of the attacks against human rights defenders and of the long list of human rights violations documented under the Duterte administration.