Alumni Magazine Spring 2006 Whitworth University
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Race and Transnationalism in the First Syrian-American Community, 1890-1930
Abstract Title of Thesis: RACE ACROSS BORDERS: RACE AND TRANSNATIONALISM IN THE FIRST SYRIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 1890-1930 Zeinab Emad Abrahim, Master of Arts, 2013 Thesis Directed By: Professor, Madeline Zilfi Department of History This research explores the transnational nature of the citizenship campaign amongst the first Syrian Americans, by analyzing the communication between Syrians in the United States with Syrians in the Middle East, primarily Jurji Zaydan, a Middle-Eastern anthropologist and literary figure. The goal is to demonstrate that while Syrian Americans negotiated their racial identity in the United States in order to attain the right to naturalize, they did so within a transnational framework. Placing the Syrian citizenship struggle in a larger context brings to light many issues regarding national and racial identity in both the United States and the Middle East during the turn of the twentieth century. RACE ACROSS BORDERS: RACE AND TRANSNATIONALISM IN THE FIRST SYRIAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 1890-1930 by Zeinab Emad Abrahim Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts 2013 Advisory Committee: Professor, Madeline Zilfi, Chair Professor, David Freund Professor, Peter Wien © Copyright by Zeinab Emad Abrahim 2013 For Mahmud, Emad, and Iman ii Table of Contents List of Images…………………………………………………………………....iv Introduction………………………………………………………………………1-12 Chapter 1: Historical Contextualization………………………………………13-25 -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE the Arab Spring Abroad
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Arab Spring Abroad: Mobilization among Syrian, Libyan, and Yemeni Diasporas in the U.S. and Great Britain DISSERTATION Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Sociology by Dana M. Moss Dissertation Committee: Distinguished Professor David A. Snow, Chair Chancellor’s Professor Charles Ragin Professor Judith Stepan-Norris Professor David S. Meyer Associate Professor Yang Su 2016 © 2016 Dana M. Moss DEDICATION To my husband William Picard, an exceptional partner and a true activist; and to my wonderfully supportive and loving parents, Nancy Watts and John Moss. Thank you for everything, always. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ACRONYMS iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii CURRICULUM VITAE viii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xiv INTRODUCTION 1 PART I: THE DYNAMICS OF DIASPORA MOVEMENT EMERGENCE CHAPTER 1: Diaspora Activism before the Arab Spring 30 CHAPTER 2: The Resurgence and Emergence of Transnational Diaspora Mobilization during the Arab Spring 70 PART II: THE ROLES OF THE DIASPORAS IN THE REVOLUTIONS 126 CHAPTER 3: The Libyan Case 132 CHAPTER 4: The Syrian Case 169 CHAPTER 5: The Yemeni Case 219 PART III: SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF THE ARAB SPRING CHAPTER 6: The Effects of Episodic Transnational Mobilization on Diaspora Politics 247 CHAPTER 7: Conclusion and Implications 270 REFERENCES 283 ENDNOTES 292 iii LIST OF ACRONYMS FSA Free Syria Army ISIS The Islamic State of Iraq and Al-Sham, or Daesh NFSL National Front for the Salvation -
Former Ottomans in the Ranks: Pro-Entente Military Recruitment Among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18*
Journal of Global History (2016), 11,pp.88–112 © Cambridge University Press 2016 doi:10.1017/S1740022815000364 Former Ottomans in the ranks: pro-Entente military recruitment among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18* Stacy D. Fahrenthold Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract For half a million ‘Syrian’ Ottoman subjects living outside the empire, the First World War initiated a massive political rift with Istanbul. Beginning in 1916, Syrian and Lebanese emigrants from both North and South America sought to enlist, recruit, and conscript immigrant men into the militaries of the Entente. Employing press items, correspondence, and memoirs written by émigré recruiters during the war, this article reconstructs the transnational networks that facilitated the voluntary enlistment of an estimated 10,000 Syrian emigrants into the armies of the Entente, particularly the United States Army after 1917. As Ottoman nationals, many Syrian recruits used this as a practical means of obtaining American citizen- ship and shedding their legal ties to Istanbul. Émigré recruiters folded their military service into broader goals for ‘Syrian’ and ‘Lebanese’ national liberation under the auspices of American political support. Keywords First World War, Lebanon, mobilization, Syria, transnationalism Is it often said that the First World War was a time of unprecedented military mobilization. Between 1914 and 1918, empires around the world imposed powers of conscription on their -
Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: a List of Titles at the Library of Congress
Four Hundred Years of American Life and Culture: A List of Titles at the Library of Congress Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................2 Colonial America ....................................................................3 Farm and Frontier ...................................................................14 Cowboys and Ranchers ..............................................................25 Gold Rush ........................................................................33 Washington, D.C. ...................................................................38 Drink ............................................................................52 Medicine .........................................................................58 Currency ..........................................................................66 Language .........................................................................71 Women ...........................................................................80 African Americans ..................................................................83 Asian Immigrants ...................................................................90 Hispanic Immigrants ................................................................94 Jewish Immigrants .................................................................102 German Immigrants ................................................................106 Scandinavian Immigrants ............................................................109 -
Team Radioshack Taps APE Wraps™ for Races Team Radioshack, Founded by Lance Armstrong in 2009, Needed to Brand Its U.S
casestudy “We chose Avery Dennison’s MPI 1005 Supercast Easy Apply RS and DOL 1360 overlaminate for this job because of their high quality and excellent printability” Team RadioShack Taps APE Wraps™ for Races Team RadioShack, founded by Lance Armstrong in 2009, needed to brand its U.S. fleet with the team’s graphics for its 2011 North American stage races. The team’s management contacted APE Wraps in San Diego for the second year in a row to create the graphics, print and install the wraps for its five support vehicles and trailer. The fleet provides support to the 29-member team at races around the country. The vehicles needed to be ready for the first race in North America. The 2011 Amgen Tour of California, an 800 mile, eight day Tour de France-style cycling road race, covered much of California from May 15 - 22. “We were thrilled to work with a brand like Team RadioShack again and inspired to work on the vehicles that would support the team’s professional cyclists, including stars like Levi Leipheimer, Chris Horner and Ben King,” said Troy Downey, president of APE Wraps. “We adapted the team’s branding and graphics, from the designs used for the European tour, to fit their U.S. fleet.” Inspired Brands. Intelligent World.TM www.averygraphics.com casestudy > APE Wraps’ designers utilized the assets provided and created designs that would fit the team’s 45 foot coach bus, Nissan Titan truck, 26 foot trailer, two Nissan Rogues and Nissan Armada. The designs were quickly approved and more than 4,000 square feet of Avery Dennison vinyl was printed and laminated for the team’s vehicles. -
And Then the War Came: a Content Analysis of Resilience Processes in the Narratives of Refugees from Humans of New York
International Journal of Communication 13(2019), 4240–4260 1932–8036/20190005 And Then the War Came: A Content Analysis of Resilience Processes in the Narratives of Refugees from Humans of New York VIRGINIA SÁNCHEZ SÁNCHEZ Auburn University, USA HELEN LILLIE University of Utah, USA In 2015, 34,000 people per day were displaced from their homes during the “refugee crisis.” The media represented refugees as victims or threats and rarely included refugee voices. In contrast, the photoblog Humans of New York (HONY) included two series of Syrian refugee narratives told by refugees. This study analyzes these refugee narratives for the presence of resilience processes. The concept of resilience in refugee narratives counters traditional media representations of refugees. The authors created a codebook operationalizing Buzzanell’s five resilience processes and conducted a content analysis of HONY narratives for these processes. The presence of resilience processes in HONY refugee narratives is compared with resilience in the HONY series: Pediatric Cancer, Invisible Wounds, and Inmate Stories. Refugee narratives are unique in their emphasis on identity, struggle to create normalcy, and lack of positive reframing. Keywords: resilience, refugees, content analysis, Humans of New York, migration Over the past few years, an influx of people have made their way to Europe from war- and poverty- ridden countries like Syria and Afghanistan (UNHCR, 2016). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR, 2016) found that 24 people per minute, or 34,000 people per day, were displaced from their homes in 2015. The magnitude of this issue and its impact across the globe have captured the attention of news and social media, where representations of refugees have varied. -
NEBRASKA LEDGER • 2020 Focused on Thefuture
NEBRASKA LEDGER • 2020 Focused on theFuture As this issue of The Nebraska Ledger was being created, the spread of COVID-19 continued in the U.S. and started a time of unprecedented change at the University of Nebraska. In order to be proactive, classes were suspended March 16-20 and students were encouraged to return home as our faculty began preparing for online delivery of courses. While our accounting students left, they needed technology and internet service sufficient for online learning at home. When faculty and staff started working from home, seemingly overnight, it was necessary for communications – from department meetings to office hours – to be held via Zoom. As many of us quickly transitioned our courses in Canvas and utilized tools like VidGrid and YellowDig. We also struggled for internet bandwidth because our own children were taking remote courses. Through hard work and resilience, our faculty used their expertise and talents to start teaching remotely on March 30. As a department, we held daily Zoom meetings to connect with each other or commiserate and share best practices. Because they believe in the power of every person, they also connect with students through phone calls and remote office hours. We appreciate our students for stepping up to this challenge alongside us. These same qualities, strengths and effort are used by our SOA community in the stories inside this Nebraska Ledger. Kelli Saunders built bridges between the internal audit and fraud examination communities. She also earned a very rare third grant from the Center for Audit Quality to run experiments through professional auditors. -
A Brief History of Arab – Americans' Migration in Jacksonville by Valerie
A brief history of Arab – Americans’ migration in Jacksonville by Valerie Etienne-Leveille It is a challenging task to find accurate recordings of the early history of Arab–Americans’ migration from different Middle Eastern regions in the United States because until 1898, Arab immigrants were lumped together in immigration records under “Turkey in Asia” (1). The first documented Arab immigrant to settle in Jacksonville was a fruit seller named Farris Mansour around 1890 (2). When Farris Mansour arrived in Jacksonville, the Ottoman Empire still controlled much of the Eastern Mediterranean lands. Ottoman Syria included modern Syria as well as Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and other territories. Early immigrants from Ottoman Syria identified with their religious affiliation rather than their nationality (3). The religious identification added to the difficulty of accurate early immigration records because Muslim and different Christian denominations cut across national and ethnic lines in the region. Modern Syria and Lebanon are examples of two countries that were not nation-states until the mid-twentieth century. As a result, records and statistics for early Arab immigration patterns were combined from the different nations represented in the region. Ottoman Empire map courtesy of Encyclopedia Britannica (4). After the arrival of Farris Mansour in Jacksonville around 1890, hundreds more Arab immigrants followed over the next thirty years. The first wave of Arab immigrants originated from the rural Mount Lebanon area and 90% of them were Christians (2). Arab-American immigrants were attracted to Jacksonville because of its port and growing commercial sector. They pursued careers as grocers, peddlers, and small business entrepreneurs. -
Liberty Under Siege: Immigrants and Refugees from the National Director Good Vs
Abortion Rights • Latin America • Memo to Bernie • Socializing Knowledge the magazine of the Democratic Socialists of America Vol. XLIII, No. 4, Spring 2016 www.dsausa.orgg Liberty Under Siege: Immigrants and Refugees From the National Director Good vs. Greed By Maria Svart s Democratic Left goes to plans will fail without the muscle to carry them out. press, the results of the That’s why DSA’s astronomical growth is so im- ASouth Carolina and Super portant. Just before press time, our National Politi- Tuesday primaries are unknown. cal Committee recognized the petition of the Buf- Whatever the status of Bernie falo, New York, organizing committee to become a Sanders’s campaign, he has high- full-fl edged DSA chapter. In the same week, a group lighted what is at stake in this of union organizers decided to join DSA en masse, election year for the country and because they want a place to strategize as open precipitated major opportunities democratic socialists and they value that we fos- for DSA. ter political debate instead of stifl ing it. Our Young Articles in this issue of Democratic Left implicitly Democratic Socialists’ national conference that cover what happens when economic, environmental, drew from across the country, and we had to expand and political instability put masses of people into the number of New Member Welcome orientation motion, crossing borders in search of survival. Much sessions because so many people are joining, more of the instability driving these exoduses, whether than 50 in one week alone. through military action, trade, or other economic I want to close with a story about a member who policies has been triggered or exacerbated by U.S. -
'I Am Here to Build with You": Placemaking and Segmented
Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Geography Honors Projects Geography Department 5-2014 'I am here to build with you": Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese- Americans in the Twin Cities Anna Nassiff Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/geography_honors Part of the Geography Commons Recommended Citation Nassiff, Anna, "'I am here to build with you": Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans in the Twin Cities" (2014). Geography Honors Projects. Paper 43. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/geography_honors/43 This Honors Project - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Geography Department at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “I am here to build with you”: Placemaking and segmented assimilation of Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans in the Twin Cities Anna Nassiff Macalester College Advised by Professor David Lanegran Geography Department May 5, 2014 “I AM HERE TO BUILD WITH YOU” Abstract: The Lebanese and Lebanese-American community in the United States is known for both its entrepreneurship and its unusually long-lasting cultural memory. Though relatively small communities, the Lebanese and Lebanese-Americans have had a disproportionately large impact on the landscape of the Twin Cities. This paper examines how Christian Lebanese communities in Northeast Minneapolis and the West Side of Saint Paul have used placemaking as a means to retain their cultural heritage, form an original Lebanese-American identity, and alternatively resist and embrace assimilation. -
The Muslim-American Muddle
The Muslim-American Muddle Peter Skerry decade after 9/11, America has reached a political and in- A tellectual stalemate regarding the Muslims in its midst. Many Americans continue to fear their Muslim neighbors and fellow citizens, if not as potential terrorists then as terrorist sympathizers — or, more generally, as the bearers of an alien culture shared by America’s enemies. Stoking these fears are a handful of zealous investigative journal- ists and bloggers who recycle a body of facts about the Islamist origins of most Muslim leaders and of virtually all major American Muslim organizations. Largely taken from the federal government’s successful prosecution of the Holy Land Foundation, a Hamas front group, this evidence is incontrovertible — yet its implications are far from clear. As critics repeat and re-examine them, the facts take on a frozen-in- time quality, like artifacts of political archeology never put into any wider context. The critics fail to acknowledge that individuals who once espoused Islamist views do not necessarily remain committed to them over time. People do mature beyond youthful folly and rage, and America causes immigrants to change. On the other hand, our political, media, and intellectual elites rou- tinely dismiss these findings as irrelevant ancient history. This, too, is a mistake, both substantively and politically: Though these Muslim leaders and organizations do not represent all (or even most) Muslim Americans, they do dominate the relevant political space. Moreover, their Islamist ideology has had, and continues to have, a formative influ- ence on how Muslims think of their place in America and of America’s relationship to the Islamic world. -
The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2016 The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905 Manal Kabbani College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kabbani, Manal, "The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626979. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-5ysg-8x13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905 Manal Kabbani Springfield, Virginia Bachelors of Arts, College of William & Mary, 2013 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Comparative and Transnational History The College of William and Mary January 2016 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (anal Kabbani . Approved by the Committee, October, 2014 Committee Chair Assistant Professor Ayfer Karakaya-Stump, History The College of William & Mary Associate Professor Hiroshi Kitamura, History The College of William & Mary AssistafvTProfessor Fahad Bishara, History The College of William & Mary ABSTRACT In August of 1905, American newspapers reported that the Greek Orthodox Bishop of the American Antioch, Rafa’el Hawaweeny, asked his Syrian migrant congregation to lay down their lives for him and kill two prominent Maronite newspaper editors in Little Syria, New York.