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Behavioral Profiles
Terra Explorer Volume 1 The Terra Explorer series is copyrighted © 2009 by William James Davis. All rights reserved. Copyrights of individual stories in- cluded in the last section of the book, “Adventures in the field,” belong to their respective authors. (see following page for more details) William James Davis, Ph.D. Copyright © 2009 by Wm. James Davis ISBN 978-0-9822654-0-6 0-9822654-0-9 Also available as an eBook. To order, visit: http://www.TerraNat.com The Terra Explorer series is copyrighted © 2009 by William James Davis. All rights reserved. Copyrights of individual stories included in the last section of the book, “Adventures in the field,” belong to their respective authors. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher and respective authors, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles and reviews. Contact the publisher to request permis- sion by visiting www.terranat.com. Photos on the front and back covers (Black Skimmer and Cuban Anole, respec- tively) by Karen Anthonisen Finch. For Linda Jeanne Mealey, who inspired my dreams to explore the natural world. Also by William James Davis Australian Birds: A guide and resource for interpreting behavior TableTable of of contents contents Introduction Evolution of a concept The challenge Book’s organization and video projects Participating in the Terra Explorer Project Behavioral profiles 8 Common Loon 11 American White Pelican 14 Anhinga 17 Cattle Egret 20 Mallard 23 Bald Eagle 26 -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Information gathering and conflict resolution in Polistes wasps Jonathan Philip Green Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Sussex September 2011 ii Declaration The design and data collection for the study presented in Chapter 4 were undertaken in collaboration with Dr. Elli Leadbeater at the Institute of Zoology and Professor Jeremy Field at the University of Sussex. However, the particular analyses undertaken in that chapter, as well as the interpretations drawn from the data, are my own. I certify that, with the above qualification, the work carried out in this thesis is entirely my own, and that any help provided by other individuals with data collection and analysis is fully acknowledged. In addition, I certify that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another university for the award of any other degree. Signature: Jonathan Philip Green iii UNIVERISTY OF SUSSEX JONATHAN PHILIP GREEN, DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INFORMATION GATHERING AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN POLISTES WASPS SUMMARY Signals are used to communicate resource-holding potential (RHP) to rivals during contests across a wide range of taxa. -
Systematics of Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), with a Phylogenetic Consideration of Hamilton’S Haplodiploidy Hypothesis
Ann. Zool. Fennici 43: 390–406 ISSN 0003-455X Helsinki 29 December 2006 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2006 Systematics of Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), with a phylogenetic consideration of Hamilton’s haplodiploidy hypothesis Kurt M. Pickett*, James M. Carpenter & Ward C. Wheeler Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10023, USA * Current address: Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Room 120A Marsh Life Science Building, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA Received 30 Nov. 2005, revised version received 21 Nov. 2006, accepted 4 May 2006 Pickett, K. M., Carpenter, J. M. & Wheeler, W. C. 2006: Systematics of Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), with a phylogenetic consideration of Hamilton’s haplodiploidy hypothesis. — Ann. Zool. Fennici 43: 390–406. A review of previously published cladistic analyses of Polistes is presented. The two most recent analyses of Polistes are shown to be largely consistent phylogenetically. Although the taxonomy implied by each differs, this difference is shown to be mostly due to taxon sampling. After the review, a phylogenetic analysis of Polistes — the most data-rich yet undertaken — is presented. The analysis includes new data and the data from previously published analyses. The differing conclusions of the previous studies are discussed in light of the new analysis. After discussing the status of subge- neric taxonomy in Polistes, the new phylogeny is used to test an important hypothesis regarding the origin of social behavior: the haplodiploidy hypothesis of Hamilton. Prior phylogenetic analyses so while these studies achieved their goal, with within Polistes resolutions leading to rejection of Emery’s Rule, they had little to say about broader phylogenetic Cladistic analysis of species-level relationships patterns within the genus. -
Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Mortality and Sex Ratio in the Alfalfa
Seasonal and spatial patterns of mortality and sex ratio in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.) by Ruth Pettinga ONeil A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology Montana State University © Copyright by Ruth Pettinga ONeil (2004) Abstract: Nests from five seed alfalfa sites of the alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata (F.) were monitored over the duration of the nesting season in 2000 and 2001, from early July through late August. Cells containing progeny of known age and known position within the nest were subsequently analyzed for five commonly encountered categories of pre-diapause mortality in this species. Chalkbrood and pollen ball had the strongest seasonal relationships of mortality factors studied. Chalkbrood incidence was highest in early-produced cells. Pollen ball was higher in late-season cells. Chalkbrood, parasitism by the chalcid Pteromalus venustus, and death of older larvae and prepupae , due to unknown source(s) exhibited the strongest cell-position relationships. Both chalkbrood and parasitoid incidence were highest in the inner portions of nests. The “unknown” category of mortality was highest in outer portions of nests. Sex ratio was determined for a subset of progeny reared to adulthood. The ratio of females to males is highest in cells in inner nest positions. Sex ratio is female-biased very early in the nesting season, when all cells being provisioned are the inner cells of nests, due to the strong positional effect on sex ratio. SEASONAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF MORTALITY AND SEX RATIO IN THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE, Megachile rotundata (F.) by . -
Natural Resource Inventory Smith-Sargent
NATURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY of the SMITH-SARGENT ROAD PROPERTY Holderness, NH FINAL REPORT [Smith-Sargent Property Upper Marsh as seen from south boundary] Compiled by: Dr. Rick Van de Poll Ecosystem Management Consultants 30 N. Sandwich Rd. Center Sandwich, NH 03227 603-284-6851 [email protected] Submitted to: Holderness Conservation Commission June 30, 2016 i SUMMARY Between October 2015 and June 2016 a comprehensive natural resources inventory (NRI) was completed by Ecosystem Management Consultants (EMC) of Sandwich, NH on the 8.5-acre town conservation land at the corner of Sargent Road and Smith Road in Holderness, NH. Managed by the Holderness Conservation Commission (HCC), this parcel was obtained largely for the complex wetland system that occupies more than 65% of the parcel. The purpose of the NRI was to inform the town about the qualities of the natural resources on the lot, as well as to determine whether or not the site would be suitable for limited environmental education for the general public. Three site visits were conducted at the Sargent-Smith Road Property for the purpose of gathering NRI data. A fourth visit was also made on November 15, 2015 for the purpose of educating the HCC and other town officials about the extent and functional value of the wetlands on the parcel. The first field visit in October provided an initial review of the location of the parcel, the boundary of the wetland, and the plant and animal resources present. A second site visit in January was held for the purpose of tracking mammals during good snow cover. -
Yellowjackets Web Brochure
YELLOWJACKETS OF NAPA COUNTY NAPA COUNTY MOSQUITO ABATEMENT DISTRICT P.O. Box 10053 American Canyon, CA 94503 Phone (707) 553-9610 Fax (707) 553-9611 Website: napamosquito.org GENERAL INFORMATION Yellowjackets, commonly referred to as meat bees, are social wasps that live in colonies. They are often confused with bees. They are a more aggressive threat than bees. They do not have barbs on their stingers so they can sting more than once. They can also bite. In Napa County there are three aggressive pest species of yellowjackets. They are the Common yellowjacket (Vespula vulgaris), Western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica), and the German yellowjacket (Vespula germanica). These species build their nests in underground holes, attics, and walls of homes. They can also build nests in rodent burrows, tree cavities or ground holes. When a nest is disturbed yellowjackets can inflict multiple stings that are painful and may be life threatening to individuals hypersensitive to the venom. Unlike honeybees, yellowjackets do not leave a stinger imbedded in the sting site therefore they can sting numerous times. Stinging and injured yellowjackets release a chemical alarm pheromone that attracts other worker yellowjackets. This can cause additional yellowjackets to attack. In the late summer months when yellowjacket populations increase they can create a nuisance in parks by scavenging for food from picnic and barbeque areas. They can cause structural damage to a home when they construct nests in walls or attics. Adults of some species are beneficial to man because they prey on flies and other insects. Yellowjackets use vegetable fibers from trees and shrubs, chewed and mixed with saliva, to produce a paper-like material for nest construction. -
Wasp and Bee Management a Common-Sense Approach
NRAES-185 Wasp and Bee Management A Common-Sense Approach Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann NRAES-185 Recycled Paper NRAES-185 Wasp and Bee Management A Common-Sense Approach Written by Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann New York State IPM Program Cornell University NRAES–185 October 2011 © 2011 by NRAES (Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service). All rights reserved. Inquiries invited. ISBN 978-1-933395-22-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gangloff-Kaufmann, Jody Lynn Wasp and bee management : a common-sense approach / Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann. p. cm. -- (NRAES ; 185) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-933395-22-7 1. Wasps. 2. Bees. 3. Wasps--Integrated control. 4. Bees--Integrated control. I. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service. Cooperative Extension. II. Title. III. Series: NRAES (Series) ; 185. SB945.W3G36 2011 632’.79--dc23 2011023501 Disclaimer Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or commercial firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement by the Cooperative Extension System or the publisher and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms. Requests to reprint parts of this publication should be sent to NRAES. In your request, please state which parts of the publication you would like to reprint and describe how you intend to use the material. Contact NRAES if you have any questions. To order additional copies, contact: Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES) Cooperative Extension PO Box 4557, Ithaca, New York 14852-4557 Phone: (607) 255-7654 • Fax: (607) 254-8770 Email: [email protected] • Web site: www.nraes.org Cover photo: A female Carpenter bee, T. -
Scientific Notes 193 APPLICATION of ALARM PHEROMONE TO
Scientific Notes 193 APPLICATION OF ALARM PHEROMONE TO TARGETS BY SOUTHERN YELLOWJACKETS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE) HAL C. REED1 AND PETER J. LANDOLT USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA 98951, USA 1Current address: Department of Biology, Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, OK 74171 Alarm pheromones have been demonstrated for a number of species of social Vesp- idae including several hornets and yellowjackets (Vespines) (Landolt et al. 1997). Maschwitz (1964a, b) first demonstrated alarm pheromone responses in the yellow- jackets Vespula vulgaris L. and V. germanica (Fab.) in response to crushed wasps and body parts. Pheromone-mediated alarm has since been observed in other vespines: Dolichovespula saxonica (Fab.) (Maschwitz 1984), the southern yellowjacket V. squa- mosa (Drury) (Landolt & Heath 1987, Landolt et al. 1999), the eastern yellowjacket V. maculifrons (Buysson) (Landolt et al. 1995), Provespa anomala Saussure (Maschwitz & Hanel 1988), and Vespa crabro L. (Veith et al. 1984). 2-Methyl-3- butene-2-ol was identified as a component of the alarm pheromone of V. crabro (Veith et al. 1984), and N-3- methylbutylacetamide was isolated and identified as an alarm pheromone of the southern and eastern yellowjackets (Heath & Landolt 1988, Landolt et al. 1995). The source of alarm pheromones in social wasps generally is the venom, although the head is implicated as an additional source of alarm pheromone for V. vulgaris (Al- diss 1983) and V. squamosa (Landolt et al. 1999). Alarm behavior in V. germanica and V. vulgaris occurred in response to the squashed sting apparatus, sting sac, and sol- vent extract of the sting sac (Maschwitz 1964b) and in D. -
Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Three Ecosystems in Itaparica Island, Bahia State, Brazil
180 March - April 2007 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Diversity and Community Structure of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Three Ecosystems in Itaparica Island, Bahia State, Brazil GILBERTO M. DE M. SANTOS 1, CARLOS C. BICHARA FILHO1, JANETE J. RESENDE 1, JUCELHO D. DA CRUZ 1 AND OTON M. MARQUES2 1Depto. Ciências Biológicas, Univ. Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44.031-460, Feira de Santana, BA, [email protected] 2Depto. Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais - UFBA, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA Neotropical Entomology 36(2):180-185 (2007) Diversidade e Estrutura de Comunidade de Vespas Sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Três Ecossistemas da Ilha de Itaparica, BA RESUMO - A estrutura e a composição de comunidades de vespas sociais associadas a três ecossistemas insulares com fisionomias distintas: Manguezal, Mata Atlântica e Restinga foram analisadas. Foram coletados 391 ninhos de 21 espécies de vespas sociais. A diversidade de vespas encontrada em cada ecossistema está significativamente correlacionada à diversidade de formas de vida vegetal encontrada em cada ambiente estudado (r2 = 0,85; F(1.16) = 93,85; P < 0, 01). A floresta tropical Atlântica foi o ecossistema com maior riqueza de vespas (18 espécies), seguida pela Restinga (16 espécies) e pelo Manguezal (8 espécies). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ecologia, Polistinae, manguezal, restinga, Mata Atlântica ABSTRACT - We studied the structure and composition of communities of social wasps associated with the three insular ecosystems: mangrove swamp, the Atlantic Rain Forest and the ´restinga´- lowland sandy ecosystems located between the mountain range and the sea. Three hundred and ninety-one nests of 21 social wasp species were collected. -
L'envenimation Par Les Hymenopteres
ANNEE 2002 THESE : 2002 – TOU 3 – 4044 L'ENVENIMATION PAR LES HYMENOPTERES _________________ THESE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR VETERINAIRE DIPLOME D’ETAT présentée et soutenue publiquement en 2002 devant l’Université Paul-Sabatier de Toulouse par Fabrice, Philippe PECAULT Né, le 27 mai 1972 à EPINAY-SUR-SEINE (Seine-St-Denis) ___________ Directeur de thèse : M. le Professeur Jacques DUCOS de LAHITTE ___________ JURY PRESIDENT : M. Jean-Paul SEGUELA Professeur à l’Université Paul-Sabatier de TOULOUSE ASSESSEUR : M. Jacques DUCOS de LAHITTE Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE M. Yves LIGNEREUX Professeur à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de TOULOUSE MEMBRES INVITES : M. Cassian BON Professeur des Universités M. Philippe METEZEAU Chef de Service à l'Institut Pasteur INTRODUCTION En Mai 2001, toute une région de France est émue par un fait divers . Un petit garçon faisant tranquillement du vélo est transporté d’urgence à l’hôpital de Nevers (Nièvre), il a été attaqué par un essaim d’abeilles, de nombreuses piqûres recouvrent son corps ; et malgré la diligence des médecins, ce dernier n’a pas survécu à ses blessures. L’hiver pluvieux qui a provoqué des inondations dans la Somme et d’autres catastrophes naturelles ailleurs en France aurait favorisé la prolifération des hyménoptères en tout genre. Du fait de la douceur du climat, une recrudescence de ce type d’accident a été signalé. Très peu mises en avant, les réactions allergiques au venin d’hyménoptères toucheraient 0,8% de la population générale, ce chiffre n’est pas exhaustif, en fait, beaucoup de personnes ignorent être allergiques avant leur première réaction à une piqûre. -
Investigation of Matrilineal Relationships Via Mitochondrial
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2003 Investigation of Matrilineal Relationships via Mitochondrial DNA in the Southeastern Yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa) Anthony Deets Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in Biological Sciences at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Deets, Anthony, "Investigation of Matrilineal Relationships via Mitochondrial DNA in the Southeastern Yellowjacket (Vespula squamosa)" (2003). Masters Theses. 1488. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/1488 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THESIS/FIELD EXPERIENCE PAPER REPRODUCTION CERTIFICATE TO: Graduate Degree Candidates (who have written formal theses) SUBJECT: Permission to Reproduce Theses The University Library is receiving a number of request from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow these to be copied. PLEASE SIGN ONE OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's -
Arborists and Stinging Insects in the Landscape: a Potentially Painful Encounter by Rick W
SEPTEMBER 2015 N O . 1 8 2 Arborists and Stinging Insects in the Landscape: A Potentially Painful Encounter By Rick W. Harper and As arborists and urban for- early part of the season Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann esters we are well familiar and much easier to spot with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as a sustainable, in late summer when inclusive approach to managing pests that require inter- populations peak. To vention strategies. It is important to keep in mind that quickly detect a stinging the benefits from the stinging insect community are nu- insect nest, scout the merous and include pollination (30% of food crops and perimeter of a structure 90% of wild plants require the pollination services of by slowly walking along bees (1)) and predation. On occasion, however, stinging and observing insect ac- insects may necessitate an intervention – especially if Honeybee swarm tivity. Look at the roof- they are frequenting high-use areas like our community (Timothy Haley, USDA line and eaves of the parks, urban trees and landscapes. When we put into Forest Service, Bugwood.org) structure with the sky as context that conflicts with stinging insects accounted for a backdrop; scout the more than “79 fatalities per year” in the U.S., and com- foundation of buildings and base of trees for activity. Pay prised “28.2% of the total animal-related fatalities from particular attention to dense brush, compost piles, 1999 to 2007 (2),” it becomes evident that a sting may boards on the ground, railroad ties that may be used as indeed be a serious occurrence.