1 4 Easy Ways t o O rd e r Online www.SouthernExposure.com Our online store contains everything in our catalog and more! Browse our website or save time with our online Quick Order form. Phone (540) 894-9480 Our phone hours are: Dear Valued Customers & Gardening catalog; a few more varieties than usual will 9 am–5 pm, M–F, January 1–May 31, and probably run out, but, we’re not going to run 11 am–3 pm, M–F, June 1–December 31 Friends & Everyone Everywhere, out of tomato seed! (EST). Please have your order and credit If you don’t see your favorite variety in card ready. We hope you’re OK!! the catalog this year, we hope that you’ll find What a strange and scary and crazy world right now. a different variety that you’ll try and like! (If Seeds have been a big comfort to us. It’s been helpful, Fax (540) 266-1021 life gives you lemons, make lemonade… if Fax your order anytime 24/7. Please use the during all this, to have *something* positive we can do. life gives you new tomato varieties, make When the pandemic first started, and we were scared and order form on page 87 or download one at tomato juice…) www.SouthernExposure.com angry and frustrated, it was good to be busy, and to at The weather took its own toll on seed least be able to send seeds to people to garden and grow growouts this year. Here in central Virginia, their own food. And then later in the spring, when the we had a nice proper hot July – 2018 and Mail P.O. Box 460 office work eased up some, it was good to get out in the 2019’s had been cool – but as soon as we Mineral, VA, 23117 fields and plant seed crops for this year’s catalog. made it to August, the weather turned cooler Please use the order form on page 87. For all that it’s been a crazy year, we’re managing to and wetter, and that slowed down our seed Complete ordering instructions & welcome 28 new varieties to the catalog this year. production for heat-loving crops like okra, Some interesting new varieties: three different bicolor limas, peppers, and cotton. We’ve heard conditions can be found on page 86. tomatoes in three different sizes! Virginia Sweets (p. 54) is similar from many other Southeast growers. a big family heirloom. Little Lucky (p. 56) has smaller And back in July, that hot weather was also fruits, it’s the lucky offspring of an accidental Brandywine hot, *dry* weather, and that drought hurt cross. And Tropical Sunset (p. 56) is a beautiful some growers’ crops. pink-and-gold cherry tomato that takes the taste of a big Brief Index Out west, many growers we know had close calls Complete index on page 91. slicing tomato and crams it into a cherry tomato. with wildfires, and some had to evacuate. During the Grenada Seasoning (p. 41) is a yellow spice pepper worst of the smoke, many couldn’t go outside at all, and Vegetables...... 5–59 with unique floral flavor. Sally’s Hot pepper (p. 42) has had to stay inside at a time when seed crops were in peak small fruits in many colors, great for container growing. harvest. And even when it got a bit better, they had to Cotton...... 67–68 January King cabbage (p. 11) has beautiful semi-savoy work while wearing masks to try to keep the smoke out Garlic...... 20–21 red/green leaves, holds well in cold weather. as best as possible. Back in the catalog this year are some of our We’ve been isolating on our farm since early March. Mushrooms...... 30 favorites – Lutz Green Leaf beet (p. 9), Minicor carrot Right around then, some of us had cases of “is-this-flu- Perennial Onions...... 35 (p. 12), Liana asparagus bean (p. 7), Louisiana Purple or-????” and took care to isolate. Tests weren’t available Pod snap bean (p. 7), Texas Gourdseed corn (p. 16), and then, so we’re still not sure of what we had! We’re taking Herbs...... 60–65 Yellow Cabbage Collards (p. 24). extra precautions to protect folks here with health issues. Flowers...... 66–73 But, while there’s a lot of new and returning Many of us have been able to get in carefully planned varieties, there’s also less varieties in the catalog than visits with family, but we miss not being able to easily Grains & Cover Crops...... 74–77 usual, because of the big pandemic sales surge. In travel and visit. Books & DVDs...... 77–80 mid-March, right around when seed orders normally We missed getting to see everyone at farm and start to slow down, they started to pick up… and then garden shows this last year! Ira’s new state guides to Supplies...... 80–81 doubled… tripled… quadrupled… quintupled… and gardening (p. 77) were published just as the pandemic Mixes & Sampler Packs.... 82 finally, we had to limit how many orders we could take surged and we went into isolation, so Ira never got to do on our website. By early May, we were able to keep our a book tour. Ira and Irena have given some Zoom Potatoes...... 83 website open again full time, but even when orders presentations on gardening and seed Sweet Potatoes...... 84 slowed down, we still had about 3 times as many orders saving. Fall 2020’s Heritage Harvest as usual this summer. That really took a toll on our seed Festival was virtual, and 2021’s will be as inventory! And being busier than usual in the office well. Some other virtual talks will be made it harder for us to find time to grow seed crops happening this year, we’ll try to list them and trial crops here on our own farm. on our website’s events calendar. We line up most of our seed growouts from January This letter’s getting written in late through March. When the pandemic sales surge Garden Planner October. At this time, the Coronavirus SouthernExposure.com/gardenplanner happened, we checked back with seed growers, and death count for the U.S. is over 230,000, many of them took on extra crops, or increased the size and nationally; cases and deaths are Could you use help with garden planning? of the growouts they were already planning on doing. rising. By the time you read this, tens of But, most farmers make their crop plans during the Our simple, powerful online tool helps thousands more may be dead. We were manage your garden throughout the season winter, and they didn’t have the flexibility to take on scared and angry and frustrated when this much extra late in the spring. all started, and it’s even more frustrating, and from year to year. Beans, southern peas, and sweet corn were especially all these months later, to see that affected by the big sales surge; it’ll take us a year or two 1 Easily map plantings Coronavirus is still spreading as fast as it 1 Organize crop rotations to get back to having as many varieties as we like to was when this all started. offer. Which is to say, if you have a favorite bean or 1 Twice-a-month email planting reminders We hope for better in the year to 1 Order seeds directly from the planner southern pea variety, it’s a good year to save some dried come. We hope that you and yours are pods for next year’s crop. (Interested in saving seeds? safe. We hope for great weather and Try it free for a week – then you decide Check out our Easy Seed Saving Collection, p. 82.) whether to subscribe for just $29 per year. To reassure folks: we won’t run out of seed. For abundant gardens. example, we have 101 tomato varieties in this year’s – All the Folks at SESE 2 Featured SESE Seed Growers

Feral Farm Meadowlark Hearth Carter Farms Cacia Huff established Feral Farm in Beth and Nathan Corymb are the fourth Growing on land originally purchased by their Jacksonville, Oregon in 2017, and has been generation to take care of over 500 acres of land in family in 1910, Michael Carter Jr. is the fifth growing seeds with SESE for the last three years. western Nebraska. Their farm, Meadowlark generation to manage their 150-acre farm in The name “Feral Farm” is a testament to her Hearth, was named for the area’s meadowlark birds, Orange County, Virginia. Michael’s sons, who grew rewilding experience starting her own farm, and and for the warmth at the center of the Corymbs’ up in Ghana, are the sixth generation, and also her reconnecting with the land. Cacia was first work. They have been growing seed for SESE since operate Carter Brothers seed business from the inspired to start her own farm and grow seeds 2013. They grow many seed crops, including farm. They primarily grow African vegetables. when she attended the Organic Farm School in cabbages, carrots, onions, garlic, tomatoes, peppers, Some of Michael’s favorites include Nigerian Washington from 2013–2014. She moved to and celeriac. Much of their land is dedicated to spinach, taro roots, okra, garden egg eggplants, and Oregon in 2015 to be close to family and began grass-fed cattle and hay, while 140 acres are a moringa. Carter Farms just completed their first working for local farmers. Feral Farm began with a nature preserve. Besides working with SESE, they season with SESE, growing Carolina African half-acre lease and today has reached 2.7 acres. also grow for other seed companies, sell seeds Runner peanuts, Lottie collards that will be Cacia grows a wide array of crops for SESE, but directly to consumers online, sell beef and milk, harvested in 2021, and an okra seed crop. Michael especially enjoys growing peppers, lettuces, zinnias, and have a vegetable CSA. is also the Small Farm Resource Coordinator for and eggplants due to how well they grow on her In their spare time, Nathan ventures into the the Virginia Cooperative Extension out of Virginia land. One of her favorite plants to grow for SESE hills around their farm tracking and learning about State University, where he helps allocate resources are cactus-flowered zinnias, because of their long local wildlife. Beth, who graduated in piano for small farmers. flowering season, great adaptability to Oregon, and performance, loves music, and especially looks Their goal in collaborating with SESE, is to ability to attract beneficial insects to the land. forward to learning a piece by Bach. The two focus grow ethnic seeds and to preserve the legacy of Feral Farm primarily grows seed on contract, on community activities such as hosting annual African vegetables and agriculture. Carter Farms but Cacia also grows ten varieties of heirloom garlic seed festivals. They work with school cafeterias to also features Africulture tours on their land, which that she sells alongside plant starts at her roadside process seed such as sweet red peppers, leaving the showcase the wide range of African plants they stand. During the winters, she devotes her time to tasty outsides of the peppers for the kids. Beth and grow, as well as African and African-American projects to scale up her farm, including investing in Nathan have been part of intentional communities farming equipment, and their family’s historical new agricultural equipment and building before, and intend to develop an eco-village on connection to their land. The tours aim not only to greenhouses. Outside of caring for her farm, Cacia their land. Meadowlark Hearth is partially be educational, but also to help ease the trauma of also enjoys backpacking, climbing, and drawing. In solar-powered, and hopes to develop local plastic African Americans coming back to land and to the future, Cacia hopes to continue growing the recycling products. The Corymbs, being in agriculture. Ultimately, they aim to show that size of her farm and have a seed rack for her their 60s, are looking for Biodynamic farmers to working in agriculture is much more than a vestige roadside stand to do direct packet sales. take on the Meadowlark Hearth business as a of slavery – that it can also be a profitable, community in conjunction with the Living flourishing trade for African Americans. Environment Foundation. Anyone interested can contact Beth at [email protected]. For more featured SESE seed growers, Metric Madness! see pages 43 and 91. We indicate weight in grams Order online for fastest service & largest selection: for most sizes. You may find these conversions helpful. www.SouthernExposure.com Our Guarantee 28 g = 1 oz You’ll find everything in our catalog, plus: We guarantee that you will be 100% satisfied with our 114 g = 4 oz = ¼ lb - updated availability - more growing guides seeds, bulbs, slips, and accessories, or we will replace 227 g = 8 oz = ½ lb - our Blog - retail stores that sell our seeds the dissatisfactory item or refund the purchase price 454 g = 16 oz = 1 lb - profiles of 20+ farms that grow seeds for us according to your choice. We do not sell, rent, or exchange any customer names, phone numbers, e-mail - our popular Seed Saving handout addresses or other information from our mailing list. See - Fall & Winter Quick Reference ....and more! Ordering Information on page 86 for complete details.

AAS Winners All-America Selections (AAS) is an in- ® Especially Well-Suited to the Southeast: These varieties thrive dependent, non-profit organization that tests new varieties then in the conditions particular to the southeastern United States. All introduces only the best garden performers as AAS Winners. our varieties are well-adapted to the mid-Atlantic, but varieties with this symbol are particularly well suited to hot, humid summers. Open Source Seeds Ark of Taste 6 Heirloom: We define heirlooms as varieties introduced before The OSSI Pledge: The Ark of Taste 1940. Our definition is stricter than that used by many others. You have the is a listing of S Seed from Small Farms: Seeds from small farmers in our freedom to use rare traditional seed grower network. Most of these farms are family- these OSSI- Pledged seeds in any way foods compiled owned. Some are cooperatives. For farmer profiles, see you choose. In return, you pledge not to by the Slow Food movement above, and more on our website. restrict others’ use of these seeds or their to protect these products from derivatives by patents or other means, and extinction and encourage good, OG USDA Certified Organic:by Quality Certification to include this Pledge with any transfer of clean, fair food for all. Services. Our organic certificate is online at these seeds or their derivatives. www.SouthernExposure.com. 3 We’ve gone virtual! 14 HE1R5 ITAGE HHARVESTERITAGE FESTIVALHARVEST FESTIVALAT MONTICELLO AT MONTICELLO

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Southern Exposure Programs & Affiliations The Safe Seed Pledge Plant a Row for the Hungry Fundraisers Agriculture and seeds provide the basis upon which our lives depend. We must protect this foundation Support those in need in our local Make your next fundraiser a bountiful as a safe and genetically stable source for future communities. Learn how to get started in experience! We help schools and nonprofit generations. For the benefit of all farmers, gardeners, your town: www.gardenwriters.org/Par/ organizations raise money by selling and consumers who want an alternative, we pledge easy-to-grow seed collections. Visit www. that we do not knowingly buy or sell genetically southernexposure.com/fundraisers to learn engineered seeds or plants. The mechanical transfer more, or contact us by email at of genetic material outside of natural reproductive [email protected]. methods and between genera, families, or kingdoms poses great biological risks, as well as economic, political, and cultural threats. We feel that genetically engineered varieties have been insufficiently tested Seed Programs International works to provide prior to public release. Further, we wish to support quality seed to impoverished communities in agricultural practice that encourages healthier soils, developing countries. In addition to seed, SPI provides genetically diverse agricultural ecosystems, and critical seed expertise and experience operating ultimately, people and communities. seed-based self-help programs. Learn more or make a donation: www.seedprograms.org Seed Storage Most seeds can be stored for more than a year if kept clean, cool, dry, and out of light. Some seeds Gift Certificates (onions, parsnips, salsify, spinach, supersweet corn) We offer gift certificates in any whole are only good for a year unless stored well. For dollar amount. Simply send us the name We’re proud to help sponsor the Charlottesville area long-term storage, store packets in a larger container and full address of the recipient along Buy Fresh Buy Local Guide. The Piedmont (such as an airtight tupperware or a mason jar with with payment. We will send a catalog with Environmental Council launched Virginia’s first a two-piece lid) and tightly seal for storage in your the gift certificate code. You may include a BFBL chapter. Their work has inspired us to be more fridge or freezer. (Be careful to let the container personal message to the recipient. active in support of local food and farms. We hope warm to room temperature before opening.) you will be inspired as well. The website and guides explain why and how to buy from local growers, food artisans, farmers’ markets, institutions, and restaurants. To learn more, visit: Donation Seeds Books by SESE’s own Ira BuyLocalVirginia.org and pecva.org We donate seeds to worthy causes. Read Wallace and our friend We’re donating 30% of your purchase of our about our program on our website – and neighbor Pam Welcome-to-the-Garden Pollinator Collection (pg. we donated to more than 110 Dawling: 82) and Virginia Heritage Seed Sampler (pg. 82) to organizations in 2020. See pgs. 77–79. the Piedmont Environmental Council. 4 Artichokes Beans Phaseolus vulgaris Cynara scolymus Culture: Beans grow well in any well-drained garden soil, but do best in soils with pH above 6.0. After the last frost, plant seeds 1 in. deep and 2 in. apart in rows 12–18 in. apart, thinning to 4 in. Culture: In the mid-At- apart. Peppering seeds with inoculants before sowing helps ensure good growth. Beans may benefit lantic region it can be from a source of soluble nitrogen (if your soil is low in nitrogen) during the first 3 weeks until difficult to over-winter nitrogen-fixing nodules develop, but do not apply nitrogen after this period. Dark-seeded beans are artichokes. We only more resistant to rotting in cool soil than light-seeded beans. Beans need a minimum soil tempera- offer annual artichokes ture of 65°F to germinate well, otherwise seeds may rot. Succession: Plant every 3 weeks for a steady that are able to produce supply. Hot weather: in deep summer heat, flowers may not set pods; southern peas and asparagus in one season. Sow beans are more reliable producers at these times. Harvest: Pick when pods are small, before seeds indoors 2 months fill the pods, for snap beans, pick before seeds fill the pods. Keep well picked so that plants continue before last frost, ½ in. to bear. Many beans are multi-purpose and can be harvested in snap, shelly, and dry stages. Storage: apart and ¼ in. deep. Imperial Star Keep dry – wet beans will mold in storage. Diseases: Rotate on a 3-year cycle if disease is a problem. Germinate at 70–80°F, Don’t cultivate or harvest when foliage is wet since anthracnose, bacterial blight, and rust diseases then transplant to 2–4 in. pots at 60–70°F day may be spread. Avoid watering plants in the evening. Mulch plants to prevent rain from splashing and 50–60°F at night; by two months transplant dirt on beans. Insect Pests: The Pedio Wasp (Pediobus foveolatus) can biologically control Mexican outdoors, 2–3 ft. apart and protect from frost. bean beetles. Seed Savers: Isolate bean varieties a minimum of 25 ft. for home use. Isolate (non-lima) bean varieties by a minimum of 10 feet from other beans of the same species. For pure seed, isolate Imperial Star OG ® The first artichoke bred to by at least 30 ft. Packet: 28 g (1 oz) for bush snap beans, unless otherwise indicated (about 50–105 produce in one season. #09101 Pkt (1 g, ~24 seeds depending on variety) sows 10–18 ft. seeds) $3.50

Snap Beans (Bush Plants) plants produce abundant yields of dark green, pencil thin, flavorful 7 in. pods in a concentrat- Drying Beans (Bush Plants) Blue Lake Bush (Blue ed set for easy picking. The stringless beans hold Harvest dried pods before rains so seeds won’t mold Lake 274) OG ® 55 well on the plants. Folks have been asking us for inside pods. Continue drying pods for 2–4 weeks days. A vigorous bush years for this one; we’re happy to finally have a indoors or under cover before shelling and storing. producing round good supply to offer! #13201 Pkt (14 g, ~60 pods with fine flavor. seeds) $2.50 Jacob’s Cattle OG ® Prolific. Resistant to 6 ® 86 days. [Popular bean mosaic virus. Back! Pencil Pod Black Wax 6 52 days. northern heirloom, though 15–18 in. plants with [1900. Developed from a cross of ‘Improved Black it was likely developed mostly stringless 6–8 Wax’ and ‘Black Eyed Wax’.] Stringless, curved, in VA by Jacob Trout.] in. pods. Excellent for round pods, 5½-6 in. long. Excellent for fresh Blue Lake Bush Beautiful and dis- freezing or canning. eating or canning. Black-seeded, comes in early tinctive seeds. Large, #13104 Pkt (~76 and produces for a long time. Not as productive kidney-shaped beans Jacob’s Cattle seeds) $2.75; #13104F (¼ lb) $4.75 as modern wax beans, but dependable in high are spotted with maroon heat. Widely adapted. #13301 Pkt (~70 seeds) markings on a white coat. $2.50; #13301F (¼ lb) $4.50 Excellent for baking and soups. #13402 Pkt (~45 seeds) $2.75 Provider OG ® 48 days. [Introduced by Dr. Hoffman of Kebarika OG S ® 6 75 South Caroli- days. [Kenyan heirloom.] na in 1965.] Sturdy upright plants pro- A favorite of duce loads of dark purple many market mottled beans. 6 in. pods, Contender growers, this 5 large seeds/pod. The win- widely adapt- dow for picking as a snap ed snap bean Kebarika ® bean is small, but it excels Contender OG (Buff Valentine) 49 days. offers heavy Provider as a dry shell bean that [1949, SC/AES. Possibly derived from pre-1855 early yields. tolerates heat and drought well. Widely adapted. Early Valentine.] The best early green bean Virus resistant #13406 Pkt (~50 seeds) $2.95 for gardeners who desire good flavor, disease and slow to wilt. 16–18 in. plants with 5–8 in. resistance, and high yield. 5½ in. long pods. green beans. #13110 Pkt (~82 seeds) $2.75; Pinto OG S ® 6 90 Fairly hardy under adverse conditions and well #13110F (¼ lb) $4.75; #13110G (½ lb) $6.75 days. A wonderful shelling suited to greenhouse use. Resistant to com- ® bean. Traditionally used for mon bean mosaic virus (race 1) and tolerant Romano 14 54 days. Excellent flavor. Good refried beans, they cook up of powdery mildew. #13103 Pkt (~50 seeds) for canning, freezing, smooth and creamy with $2.75; #13103F (¼ lb) $4.75; #13103G (½ and fresh eating. An great flavor. 4-6 beans per lb) $6.75; #13103H (1 lb) $10.25 Arkansas customer pod. #13408 Pkt (~101 tells us he prefers seeds) $2.95 Pinto the mature seed to pintos! Stringless Small Red OG S ® 75 thick, flat pods, days. 14 in. tall semi-bush 3/4 × 6 in. Low, plants tend to sprawl a bit, spreading plants. Romano and produce small, dark- Excellent resistance red beans. Very productive. Maxibel to rust makes this 4-6 beans/pod. #13409 variety high yielding for fall crops. #13105 Pkt Pkt (~97 seeds) $2.95; (~60 seeds) $2.50; #13105F (¼ lb) $4.50; #13409F (¼ lb) $5.75 Small Red Maxibel OG ® 55 days. One of the best gour- #13105G (½ lb) $6.50 met French “haricot vert” beans. Sturdy bush ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans 5 else they will barely flower – that much like a over the years. Resistant to bean rust. 8 in. pods, Purple-Podded Bush Beans family, they are stronger when kept together. stringless and tender when small. Use fresh, for Royalty Purple Pod OG 51 Traditionally eaten as a shelly bean – boil the canning and freezing, or as a dry bean. #13503 days. [1957.] Has a natural pods like one would with edamame, then pop Pkt (28g, ~75 seeds) $2.75; #13503F (¼ lb) blanching indicator: the the small beans out of their pods. #13513 Pkt $4.75; #13503G (½ lb) $6.75; #13503H (1 lb) purple pods blanch to green (~42 seeds) $2.50 $10.25 after 2 minutes of boiling. Easy to pick – purple pods Small amounts of other bean are easily visible against the varieties not listed here may be available – green foliage. Plants have see our website! short runners and need either wide row spacing McCaslan ® 6 Royalty Purple or a fence for climbing. 70 days. [Intro- 5 in. pods are slightly Cherokee duced 1912, though curved. Very meaty and flavorful, great for soup. Cornfield it was grown well Buff-colored seeds germinate well in cool soil. before 1900 by the #13351 Pkt (~79 seeds) $2.75 McCasland family Donald Todd Half-Run- in GA.] South- ner S ® 65 days. [Fam- ern favorite with Snap Beans ily heirloom of Tennessee delicious flavor. (Pole & Cornfield) grower Steve Todd, whose Good as a stringless McCaslan father Donald first started snap bean, and Culture: Pole beans usually bear later than bush saving it. Introduced 2017 as a green or dry beans and generally give higher yields, usually by SESE.] For more than shell (white-seeded) bean. Productive vines bear bearing for six or more weeks. Poles or other 50 years the Todd family slightly flattened 7 in. dark-green pods. Pods are means of support should be at least 8 ft. high. has been saving seeds for finely-grained, fleshy, and brittle. Drought tol- Sow seeds 1 in. deep. Along a trellis, sow seeds this bean, selecting for erant vines produce all season if closely picked. 4 in. apart, thinning to 8–12 in. apart. With more tender pods like half Donald #13505 Pkt (~39 seeds) $2.50; #13505F (¼ a bean teepee, sow 6–8 seeds around the base runners should have. 5-5½ Todd lb) $4.50; #13505G (½ lb) $6.50 of each pole. Corn plants may be used as bean in. plump green pods. poles. We recommend using tall, sturdy dent #13253 Pkt (28g, ~66 seeds) $3.25 NT Half-Runner ® S corns like Tennessee Red Cob, Pungo Creek 73 days. In recent years Butcher, and Hickory King. Note: Only certain Grandma Nellie’s the commercial strains of varieties of beans are shade tolerant and adapted Yellow Mushroom white half-runner beans to growing in corn, though most grow well OG S ® 6 56 days. have been contaminated along the outside rows. Packet: 14 g unless [Original seed from Marge by pods with tough hulls. stated (about 35–55 seeds depending on variety) Mozelisky, given to her by Bill Best of the Sustainable sows 6–9 poles her grandmother.] Has Mountain Agriculture the unusual characteris- Center spent years carefully tic of tasting somewhat selecting this variety to Aunt Ada’s Italian like mushrooms when bring back the tender hulls OG S ® 6 63 days. cooked. Tender when they should have! Great [Italian heirloom, picked at 5 in., this bean production and flavor. Grandma brought to Colorado is a true treasure. Heavy 4-6 in. pods, white seeds. NT Half-Runner ~1900 by the Botanelli yielder of light yellow #13251 Pkt (~45 seeds) family. Introduced by pods. #13512 Pkt (~39 seeds) $3.25 $3.75 Turtle Tree Seeds.] Tasty and productive. Aunt Ada’s New! Ideal Market ® Rattlesnake ® 56 3-3½ in. pods best 6(Brown Creaseback) days. A heavy produc- harvested when seeds 55 days. [First sold in er in the hot, humid are plump. Uniquely squarish tan seeds are also 1914 as Black Creaseback areas of the coastal good when dry. #13520 Pkt (28g, ~72 seeds) $3.25 in Mobile, AL by Van Mid-Atlantic and Antwerp’s Seed Store. Later South where sandy soil Aunt Bea’s S ® 6 60 reintroduced in 1924 in prevails. Steamed snaps days. [Family heirloom, New Orleans as Reuter’s are sweet, rich, and original seed courtesy of Gil Ideal Market by Chris Re- full flavored. Stringless Gillespie via sisters Beatrice uter Seed Company.] 5-6 when pods are small to and Bernice Heuser who in. green stringless pods, medium size. Vigorous brought the beans from good flavor, crisp texture. vines bear 7 in. round Louisiana to Norfolk, VA Other qualities making purple-streaked pods ~1960. Introduced 2015 by these ideal for market are containing buff-colored SESE.] 4-6 in. curved pods, Ideal Market earliness, long season, and seeds splashed with Rattlesnake green with purple streaks. the pods’ good keeping brown. #13508 Pkt Aunt Vigorous plants, give this quality on the vines! (~39 seeds) $2.50; one extra space on the trellis. #13527 Pkt (~59 seeds) $2.75; #13527F (¼ #13508F (¼ lb) $4.50; #13508G (½ lb) “Rebranching” habit gives lb) $6.25 $6.50; #13508H (1 lb) $9.50 new growth and more beans right up to frost. #13518 Pkt (~46 seeds) $3.25 Kentucky Wonder OG Back! Red Stick S ® 6(South Carolina Red ® 6(Old Homestead) Stick Bean) 65 days. [SC heirloom, brought to Cherokee Cornfield OG S ® 6 58 days. 66 days. [Pre-1864, first Catoosa, TN, in the early 1800s. Thanks to Steve Heirloom with pretty earthtone shades and known as ‘Texas Pole.’] Todd for sharing his family’s heirloom. Introduced markings. Yields well, especially when grown Popular since its intro- 2015 by SESE.] Productive and richly flavored, up corn stalks. The story goes that the different duction, though it has 5-6 in. pods, can be eaten fresh, as shelly beans, color varieties should not be separated out or undergone some change or dried. Cook long and slow for best quality;

6 Beans Kentucky www.SouthernExposure.com Steve’s family likes eating Back! Stickless Won- them as snap beans with a more resistant to drought than snap beans; are der S ® few red shelly beans mixed much more resistant to bean beetles; and are 54 days. A in. #13521 Pkt (28 g, ~62 tolerant of a wide range of soils. Need warm rare dwarf type - think seeds) $3.50 soil to germinate – sow a month after last frost. of it as being like an Grow in the same manner as pole beans or edible-podded southern along a trellis, sow seeds 3/4 in. deep, 4 in. apart, pea! Early harvests of New! Sparkman Cutshort S ® 6 thinning to 8 in. One planting along a tall trellis 12 in. light green pods Red Stick 70 days. [Northern Stickless Wonder Alabama family heirloom will produce well all season. Harvest: Harvest (best harvested at 10 in. from grower Dan Geer.] 6-7 when pods reach 12–15 in., before the seeds fill or less). Bushy 30 in. the pods. May be cooked like snap beans. Young plants don’t require any sticks (i.e., trellises) for in. curved pods, good fresh or as shelly beans. Flavor: Brown and tan seeds with speckles and swirls. leaves and stems are also edible. Sweet support, though they don’t bear as long as tall #13523 Pkt (~55 seeds) $2.75 and mild, resembling the combined flavor of varieties. #11106 Pkt (5 g, ~44 seeds) $3.25 asparagus, mushrooms, and beans. Serving sug- gestion: Braid or tie into knots before cooking. Back! White Galaxy S ® 55 days. Pretty Seed Savers: Isolate from southern peas and white and green-white pods up to 22 in. long, Purple-Podded Pole Beans asparagus beans by a minimum of 10-20 ft. for best harvested at 15 in. or less. Early, produc- home use. For pure seed isolate 50 ft. Packet: tive, and vigorous. #11107 Pkt (7 g, ~32 seeds) $3.25 Dean’s Purple S (4–7 g) (24–48 seeds, depending on variety) ® 6 sows 6–10 ft. 52 days. [Family Edamame (Soybeans) heirloom from TN. Chinese Red Noodle Supplied to us courtesy S ® 59 days. Beans up Glycine max Seed Savers Mark to 22 in. long. Similar Culture: Edamame is very easy to grow—as easy Schonbeck, Valerie to Purple Podded, but as growing any bush bean. It’s planted the same Lyle, and Dean Turley. with superior flavor way as bush beans, and a mature soybean plant Dean received the and texture. Red-purple (edamame plant) is 2–5 ft. tall. After the soil has beans as a gift from a Dean’s pods. Red-brown seeds. warmed to 65°F, sow seeds 1 in. deep and 2+ student whose family #11104 Pkt (4 g, ~24 in. apart, in rows 15–30 in. apart. Don’t rush brought it to Frost Bot- seeds) $2.95 planting; if the soil isn’t warm enough, seeds tom, TN, where they settled 150 years ago.] Plants will not germinate. Do succession plantings for form a gorgeous purple and green screen loaded Green Pod Red Seed an extended harvest. Harvest: Manually pick with vivid 5–6 in. purple beans. Save both light OG S ® 6 58 days. the immature green pods when 80–90% filled and dark seeds to replant for more tender pods [Pre-1860.] 24–26 in. out. If pods are allowed to turn yellow much of and a finer taste. Good bean beetle resistance. green pods are tender to the quality is lost. Beans reach their maximum #13602 Pkt (~46 seeds) $2.50 18 in. Pink red seeds. sweetness about a month after flowering. Qual- Always a reliable, trou- ity is best when the pod is plump and bright Back! Louisiana Purple Pod OG S ® 651 ble-free variety that is green, similar to snow peas in color. Cooking: days. Our earliest pole excellent for the home Most often served steamed in the shell – but #11102 Pkt (7 Chinese Red bean. Great production garden. Noodle don’t eat the shell. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties a with a long harvest sea- g, ~48 seeds) $3.25 minimum of 25 ft. for home use. Packet: (14 g) son. Purple-green vines (40-46 seeds depending on variety) sows 9-14 ft. have good drought-re- Back! Liana OG S ® 52 days. One of the sistance. 6-in. pods are earliest maturing asparagus beans. Like most Lanco OG S bright purple and turn black-seeded ® 6 90 days. green when cooked varieties it does [Grown in (blanch indicator). well in the Pennsylvania Very good flavor, North and the for many years, especially when min- South. Since it “Lanco” is imally cooked. Young is day-neutral, thought to stand beans are stringless. in the South it for Lancaster We steamed some of can be planted County. May the pods in the shelly for early market have come from sales, late for a Asia in the early stage: while stringy, Liana they were hearty and Louisiana fall harvest, or 1900s.] Large delicious. #13753 Pkt Purple year-round in green seeds, Lanco (~49 seeds) $2.75 the greenhouse. Green pods up to 23 in. long, mild nutty but are best picked at 18 in. or shorter (less than sweet flavor. pencil-width). A mar- Harvest beans when the tops of the plants start Asparagus Beans ket favorite. #11105 to lose their deep green color, but before the Pkt (7 g, ~39 seeds) leaves start to turn yellow on top. (There will (Long Beans) $3.25 always be a few yellow leaves at the very bottom Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis of the plants, that’s natural.) Don’t wait until the Purple Podded Yard beans fill out all the way to the end of the pods, Culture: Asparagus or “yard-long” beans Long Bean OG S ® this variety won’t do that. Hardy plants may originated in Southern Asia and are now grown 79 days. Beautiful grow 3–4 ft. tall if seeded early. Early group V extensively in Asia, Europe and more recently dark purple pods that maturity. #11503 Pkt (~40 seeds) $3.25 the U.S. Although they resemble pole snap retain color when stir- beans, they are more closely related to south- fried. 18 in. long pods, Tankuro S ® 65 days fresh shell bean, 90 days ern peas (cowpeas). Asparagus beans are called tender up to 12 in. dry bean. For edamame, harvest when pods are “Dow Gauk” in China and “Sasage” in Japan. Red-brown seeds. Reli- filled out but green. Also traditionally harvest- Asparagus beans are easily grown; produce able and prolific, takes ed fully dry and used as a dry bean, such as in heavily; harvest easily; thrive in hot weather heat well. #11103 Pkt Japanese kuromame. Black-seeded soybeans when snap beans may not produce; are slightly (7 g, ~42 seeds) $3.25 Purple Podded are quicker to cook than most dry beans, and

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans 7 deemed to have a Fava Beans Vicia faba Sweet Lorane richer flavor than OG S 95 days. green- or tan-seed- Culture: Favas have approximately the same [Bred by Steve ed soybeans. 30 cultural requirements as peas. Sow seeds 4–6 Solomon.] in. plants. #11505 in. apart in rows 18–36 in. apart. Use as a Glossy seeds Pkt (~46 seeds) frost-tolerant, spring-planted lima bean substi- in pretty earth $3.25 tute from Virginia northward. Fava beans thrive tone shades are in cool, rainy areas. Plant so that plants are half the size of Tohya S ® flowering when daytime temperatures average Tankuro OG Broad Windsor 68 days. Great less than 70°F. From Virginia northward, favas and cook faster. flavor and texture. are planted in the spring, whereas in Gulf Coast Sweet Lorane Very cold hardy Concentrated pod set means you can harvest states and warm coastal areas they may be (to 10°F), an whole plants at once. 2 ft. plants. #11506 Pkt planted from October to December for harvest excellent nitrogen fixer, works well as a winter (~41 seeds) $3.25 in March. Favas have a flavor that is similar to a cover crop in mild winter areas. #11203 Pkt blend of limas and peas, but are more nutritious (28 g, ~50 seeds) $2.75; #11203F (¼ lb) than limas. For use as a snap bean, harvest the $5.75; #11203G (½ lb) $8.75; #11203H (1 pods at 2–3 in. For use as a green shelled bean, lb) $15.75 harvest when pods are 4–7 in. long. Prepare in the same manner as peas or beans. Caution: A small percentage of people of Pole Limas Mediterranean descent may New! Alabama Black experience a hereditary reac- Eye ® 6 tion to fava beans. Packet: 85 days. [Al- 1–1½ oz. sows 8-16 ft. abama family heirloom.] Tohya Tall, vigorous plants, 3-4 Broad Windsor ® 6 85 small creamy white seeds days. 2–3 ft. tall plants pro- per pod. Unusually for a duce 1 in. wide, 6–8 in. long lima, seeds have a small Lima Beans Phaseolus lunatus pods containing 5–6 large black eye! Good flavor, Culture: Limas need warmer soil than snap beans. We love to substitute cooked seeds are rosy Alabama Black Eye beans. Wait to direct sow until at least 2 weeks this bean for chickpeas in beige. #14514 Pkt (~51 after last frost. Plant seeds 2–3 in. apart, thin- hummus. #11201 Pkt (42 g, seeds) $3.25; #14514F (¼ lb) $6.75 ning to 4–6 in. Be sure the soil is well drained. ~30 seeds) $2.95; #11201F Harvest: Limas can be used fresh when beans (¼ lb) $4.75; #11201G (½ Christmas ® 6 (Large lb) $8.25 Broad Speckled Calico) 84 fill the pod, or they can be left to dry in the pod Windsor to be used as dried beans. Seed Savers: Isolate days. Dependable and varieties by at least 150 ft. Packet: Seed size var- flavorful. A high yielder ies considerably: 14g unless stated (10-42 seeds in hot, humid conditions. depending on variety, sows 5-14 ft. Jackson Wonder ® 6 66 days. [1888. Orig- Seeds are about the size inated by GA farmer Thomas Jackson.]Popular of a quarter, 5–6 in. long heirloom yields well under hot, dry conditions. pods. Full-flavored seed is 3-5 seeds/pod. Fresh seeds are red; dried seeds an attractive cream color Bush Limas are buff-colored with purple-black mottling. with irregular red stripes. Christmas Fordhook 242 ® 65 Good fresh or dried. Widely adapted, also Use fresh or dry. #14502 days. [1945, USDA does well in northern areas. #14101 Pkt Pkt (42 g, ~30 seeds) Beltsville, IN. AAS (~58 seeds) $2.50; #14101F (¼ lb) $4.50; $2.50; #14502F (¼ lb) $4.50; #14502G (½ winner.] The standard #14101G (½ lb) $6.50 lb) $6.75 lima for middle and northern latitudes where Hopi Yellow OG S ® 6 80 days. [From it bears well in warm Native Seeds/SEARCH.] years. Plants have dense Lovely seeds, ranging foliage and are heat- and from deep yellow to drought-resistant. Thick dark orange, mottled 4 in. pods have 3–5 Fordhook with dark brown specks. Medium-size limas aver- large, flat greenish-white Jackson seeds with a nut-like flavor. #14102 Pkt (42 age 3 per pod. #14511 g, ~33 seeds) $2.50; #14102F (¼ lb) $4.50; Pkt (~38 seeds) $3.50 #14102G (½ lb) $6.50 Hopi Yellow King of the Garden ® Back! Henderson Bush ® 661 days. [1885, 6 88 days. [Introduced 1883 by Frank Platt af- originally found ter selecting bigger pods of Large White pole lima.] growing along a Thorogreen OG S ® 6 60 days [1941. Select- 4–7 in. pods, contain 4–6 large creamy-white Virginia roadside.] ed from Henderson Bush.] Old time favorite with seeds with honey-like flavor. Vines grow to 9½ Bushy 2 ft. plants concentrated pod set for canning and freezing. ft. and bear heavily over an extended season. An bear loads of pods, Easy to grow, good flavor and texture. Similar to old favorite of excellent quality. #14506 Pkt (42 3-4 small creamy Henderson Bush, with 3–4 medium seeds/pod, g, ~34 seeds) $2.50; white seeds per but earlier, shorter #14506F (¼ lb) $4.50; pod. Early maturity. (18 in.) plants, #14506G (½ lb) $6.50 Widely adapted. and light green seeds. Grower Clif Willow Leaf Colored Henderson An old favorite, good fresh, canned, Slade’s favor- OG S ® 6 80 days. or frozen. #14104 ite bush lima. [From Dr. James Wolf, #14105 Pkt (~71 via David Bradshaw.] Pkt (~65 seeds) $2.50; #14104F (¼ lb) $4.50; King of the #14104G (½ lb) $6.50 seeds) $3.25 Thorogreen 8 Beans www.SouthernExposure.com Southern Peas (Black-Eyed Peas soil. Roots have a dull red skin and dark red & edible-podded) see p. 36 Beets Beta vulgaris interior. #31102 Pkt $2.50 History: Until the 1800s, beets were referred to Cylindra OG ® 6 55 days. Rainbow mix of colors in as blood turnips because of their red turnip-like [Danish heirloom.] Rich red different shades of white, roots. The round and flat-bottomed beets of beets are tender sweets. 6 × 2 beige, tan, red, and purple – today are an improved form. Culture: Beets in. carrot-shaped beets are easier some plain, some speckled. should be grown in a light loam of pH 6.5–7.0. to peel and slice than regular Narrower leaves than most If soil pH is below 6, sprinkle limestone or wood beets. #31107 Pkt $2.50 limas, more like a willow ashes in the row as you plant; otherwise, yield will tree. #14513 (14 g, ~26 be seriously impaired. An even supply of moisture Detroit Dark Red OG ® 6 60 seeds) $2.50 and absence of extended periods of hot weather days. [1892. Developed from the Cylindra Willow Leaf is necessary for development of fine-quality roots. popular variety Early Blood Turnip.] Colored Worchester Indian Red In dry, hot weather beets can become tough and Widely adapted, very popular dark Pole OG S ® 6 85 days. stringy and must be harvested at an earlier stage. red beet. Dark green foliage has some red color- [Reported to be of Native American origin, pre- Sow seeds ½ in. deep directly in the garden from ation. Use fresh or canned. Resistant to Downy 1868. Introduced 1990 by SESE.] Our hardiest March through early June and again in early Sep- Mildew. Excellent flavor. #31103 Pkt $2.50; lima. Produces medium-sized limas on heat- and tember. Late spring and early fall sowings should #31103E (28 g) $5.50 drought-resistant plants. Seeds are a beautiful be 3/4 in. deep. Sowing beets in deep summer heat dark maroon-red. This variety still exhibits a is difficult – young seedlings wilt and disappear, wild trait: a few pods spring open (shatter) when and even thick sowings may have only spotty the pods are completely dry. 2–4 beans per pod. survival. Thin to 6 plants per foot for fresh beets, #14507 Pkt (~50 seeds) $3.50 3 plants per foot for beets used for winter storage, in rows 12 in. apart. Seed Savers: Plants are biennial. Isolate by ¼ mile. For pure seed isolate Worchester by a minimum of ½–1 mile. Crosses with chard. Indian Red Pole Packet: Seed size varies considerably: 5 g (unless Detroit noted, average 385 seeds) sows 31 ft. Dark Red

Early Wonder Tall Top OG 6 50 Bull’s Blood OG 6 35 days for baby leaves, 60 days. [1911.] Used for early spring days for roots. [1840, French variety.] Famous sowings, this versatile for its mild, dark beet has choice tall Early Wonder leaves – usually tops for greens and Tall Top harvested young small- to medium-size for salad mix dark red roots for salads, Runner Beans before the roots Bull’s pickles, borscht, or sliced for have even ma- Blood cooking. Plant spring or fall. Phaseolus coccineus tured. Flattened #31104 Pkt $2.50 Runner Beans are perennial beans. They are round roots, tolerant of heat, drought, and cool nights. but the leaves are the real attraction – their Back! Lutz Green Leaf OG History: Many runner varieties can be traced reddish-purple color comes out most strongly in S ® 6(Winter Keeper) 76 days. back to the Hopi Indians before the arrival of the cool weather. #31106 Pkt $2.50 One of the sweeter varieties available. An Spanish, and may have been previously cultivated excellent keeper, a beet developed before the by the Aztecs. Now widely grown in England. Chioggia OG ® 6 days of refrigerators. Retains its sweetness and Culture: High temperatures over 90°F may (Dolce Di Chioggia) texture even when large prevent pod set; if grown for food, expect pod 52 days. [Pre-1840, Ital- (unlike most beets, which production only during late summer/early fall in ian variety.] Beautiful become woody when the Mid-Atlantic and southward. A bulbous root scarlet-red garden beet large), just peel off the is produced which in mild climates can be dug up with interior rings of thin skin. Fall leaves are in the fall and replanted in the spring. Harvest: reddish-pink and white. tender enough to use in Runner beans are eaten as snap beans when pods Green leaves. Notable Lutz Green Leaf salads. We’ve had problems are small, and can be used as green shelly or dried for its earliness, attrac- finding good “true” seed beans. Dried beans have a nut-like flavor. Seed tive color, relative ab- for Lutz Green Leaf, but this is the good stuff Savers: For home use isolate from other runner sence of bleeding, and - thanks to the fine folks at Uprising Seeds for beans by at least 75-150 ft. For pure seed, isolate vigor. Has a small % of sharing theirs! #31105 Pkt $3.25; #31105E by 1⁄8-¼ mile. Packet: 28 g (1 oz, ~28 seeds) sows all-white beets. Good (28 g) $10.50 approximately 5 poles. Chioggia storage variety. #31101 Pkt (3 g) $2.50 Three Root Grex OG S ® 54 days. [Alan Scarlet Runner ® 6 68 days to snap stage, Kapuler] Open-pollinated variety from a mix of 115 days to dry shell Crosby Egyptian OG beets with two shades of red and a really bright stage. [Pre-1750. ® 6 (Early Crosby orange. Red roots are 3-4 in. and round, while Grown by the early col- Egyptian) 60 days. orange roots are onists who obtained seed [1880. The parent larger and more from the Native Ameri- strain of the Egyptian elongated. In cans.] Grown mostly in beet was introduced our trials we saw the U.S. for its brilliant from Germany in 61% dark red, scarlet flowers, which 1865.] This variety 32% medium Scarlet Runner are highly attractive to has been selected and red, and 7% hummingbirds. 8-12 refined over the years. orange. All pro- in. pods contain lovely, 3–5 in. roots are very duce abundant, mottled reddish-purple flattened in shape, sweet, delicious beans. #11301 Pkt and grow virtually Crosby greens. #31111 $3.75 on the surface of the Egyptian Pkt $2.95 Three Root ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Beans, Beets 9 Tendergreen Hybrid ® 54 days. Uniform 6–7 Broccoli in., semi-domed, blue-green heads. Good for Cabbage Sprouting: Brassica oleracea var. italica; early broccoli crops and for summer seeding for Brassica oleracea var. capitata fall harvests. #21904 Pkt (0.3 g) $2.75 Heading: B. oleracea var. botrytis Culture: All members of the cabbage family Culture: Culture of broccoli is similar to Waltham 29 OG ® 74 days. [1954.] Widely grow best on a rich, moist, well-drained loam of cabbage, but broccoli is more sensitive to hot adapted, drought-tolerant variety for fall crops. high fertility. Early varieties require a higher soil weather. (See Cabbage section for detailed cul- 4–8 in. diameter head holds for a long time. fertility than mid- or late-season varieties. Since tural notes.) Start seeds indoors 4–5 weeks before Also produces sideshoots for 6–8 weeks after members of the cabbage family are shallow-root- transplanting out. Transplants should have at least harvest of the main head. Low, compact plant ed, irrigation may be necessary to provide ade- 4 leaves. Transplant starting 1 month before last has a distinctive slate-green color. Good freezing quate moisture. Cabbage needs a steady supply spring frost. (If seedlings experience 20°F or lower variety. #21105 Pkt $2.50 of water and full sun throughout the growing they may “button up” and only make tiny heads, season. Heads may split if a heavy rain follows a because the plants will think that they’ve gone Broccoli Raab Brassica rapa long dry spell without irrigation. A thick layer of through a winter and that it’s time to flower.) Culture: A spicier relative of broccoli, used organic mulch conserves moisture and reduces Broccoli does best in cooler weather – avoid ma- in Italian cooking, quicker to mature. Best the tendency to bolt in hot weather, as root turing heads in deep summer heat. For fall crops temperature is more important than air tem- planted in spring and for fall. Space closer than Early Crops: start seed 10–12 weeks before the first hard freeze regular broccoli, 4–6 in. apart. Harvesting: For perature. Use early varieties that date, and transplant to garden after seedlings are multiple harvests, just as the flower buds are will mature before heavy summer heat settles in, well developed. Broccoli requires a steady supply starting to open, use knife or hand pruners to and start seed 4–6 weeks before transplanting to of moisture in a well-drained fertile soil. Any harvest the buds and several leaves below them. the garden. Sow seed ¼ in. deep. Seedlings need temporary arrest of growth will adversely affect Seed Savers: Will cross with Chinese cabbage, a soil temperature of 75°F, and strong, direct production and taste. Keep a deep layer of mulch turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). Packet: 2 light. Soil temperature can be reduced to 60°F on the soil during hot weather. Side-sprouting va- g (about 625 seeds) once the seeds have germinated. Maintain good rieties have smaller central heads with many side unless otherwise air circulation around plants during all growth sprouts, a feature that is useful for extended har- noted. stages. Harden plants before transplanting vest. Plant in raised beds or rows 12–16 in. apart. starting a month before last frost. When plants Maturity Dates: Days to maturity are from Sorrento Broc- have become properly hardened they can stand transplanting. Add 25 days if from seed. Seed coli Raab OG S a temperature as low as 20°F without buttoning Savers: Broccoli will cross with Brussels sprouts, 45 days. One of up. Space small head varieties 10–12 in. apart, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, collards, and kohlrabi. the earliest broccoli large head varieties 16–18 in. apart. Late Crops: Isolate by 1/8 mile for home use. For pure seed of raab to mature. For fall crops, either transplant to desired small plantings isolate by ¼ to ½ mile. Packet: Its uniform 3–4 spacing when plants have 3 true leaves or direct Open-pollinated varieties, 2 g (about 625 seeds) in. florets, leaves, sow 6–12 seeds/ft at a depth of ¼–½ in. and sows 50 ft. direct seeded or 350 ft. as transplants. and stems can be thin as needed. Maintain adequate soil moisture during germination. Note: The tendency to bolt Hybrids, 0.3 g (about 58 seeds). harvested well into Sorrento winter. #21501 Pkt is decreased by applying a thick layer of mulch, $2.75 and by twisting the head slightly to check the plant’s growth when the head is fully grown. Calabrese OG ® Harvest: After harvest, select the strongest side 6 (Italian Green Brussels Sprouts sprout and allow it to develop into a second, Sprouting) 58 Brassica oleracea var. gemnifera smaller head. Solar Greenhouse Notes: Use days. [Brought to Culture: Culture of Brussels sprouts is similar early and midseason varieties. Avoid varieties U.S. by Italian to cabbage. (See Cabbage section.) Sow seed with savoyed leaves. Diseases: Where Fusarium gardeners, intro- ¼–½ in. deep in flats or pots in early June. Then yellows may be a problem in the Mid-Atlantic duced to seed trade transplant to the garden as soon as several sets region, use resistant varieties. A number of other 1914–’18.] Pro- of leaves have developed. Northern gardeners diseases may affect cabbage. To reduce disease duces central head can sow seeds indoors in mid-May for trans- problems, maintain good air circulation, prac- (3–6 in. diameter) planting in mid June. Harvest: As soon as the tice good sanitation, and follow a 3-year crop plus many side lower sprouts are harvested, break off the leaf rotation. Insect Pests: Control cabbage worms shoots. #21101 below each sprout. Upper sprouts will continue Calabrese and loopers with bT, flea beetles with spinosad, Pkt $2.50 to form. To produce a uniform harvest and to cutworms with paper cylinders around seedlings, hasten maturity, top the plants when the lower and aphids with insecticidal soap. Introducing De Cicco OG ® sprouts are 3/4 in. in diameter. For a non-uni- ladybugs helps control aphids in greenhouses, 6 49–78 days. form extended harvest, remove the leaf at the but they may “fly away home” when introduced [~1890.] Produces base of each sprout as soon it reaches 3/8–½ in. into gardens. Note: Days to maturity are from a 3–6 in. diameter in diameter. Brussels sprouts are cold-hardy to transplanting. Seed Savers: See Broccoli section. central head and 0°F and their flavor is enhanced by frost. Do not Packet: 2 g (about 625 seeds) sows 70 ft. direct side sprouts which top plants to be overwintered. Storage: May be seeded or 350 ft. as transplants. extend the harvest stored about a month in the root cellar if the period. Use the plants are pulled out by the roots and most of young leaves like the leaves removed. Note: Days to maturity are collard greens from transplanting. Seed Savers: See Broccoli once the head is a section. Packet: 2 g (about 625 seeds) sows 50 quarter developed. ft. direct seeded or 290 ft. as transplants. Plants are light Catskill ® (Long Island Improved) 90 days. green and of me- De Cicco [1941.] Still the best garden variety dium height. May for sustained production. Compact be planted in the plants, about 20 in. tall. Produces early spring, late large sprouts 1¼–1½ in. diameter, summer, or early closely packed on the stem. fall. #21102 Pkt Widely adapted variety. $2.50 #20101 Pkt $2.50 Visiting with Jake Kawatski in his Savannah, GA garden 10 Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage www.SouthernExposure.com Early Cabbage Pkt $2.50 Celery & Celeriac Early Jersey Wakefield New! January Celery: Apium graveolens var. dulce ® 6 64 days. [1840.] King S ® Celeriac: A. graveolens var. rapaceum Dark-green, sweet, coni- 6110-160 cal heads average 5 in. in days. [1897] Culture: Celery and celeriac are moisture- diameter and weigh 2–3 Northern loving, cool-season crops that have similar cul- lbs. Has a small core and European heir- tural requirements. They do well in muck soils good wrapper leaves. loom produces and well-drained soils high in organic matter. Good resistance to frost 3-5 lb firm Both crops do best in areas free of temperature and cabbage yellows. heads with extremes. Virginia temperatures are sometimes For home, storage, or light green too hot to grow celery and celeriac well. Roots fresh-market. #22102 Early inner leaves of celery rarely extend more than 8 in. in any Pkt $2.50; #22102E Jersey and beautiful direction and so must be kept well watered and (28 g) $5.50 semi-savoyed fertilized during the growing season. Use a thick purple-tinged January King mulch to retain moisture. During the summer, Golden Acre OG ® 6 62 days. Small, 5–7 outer leaves. partial shade at mid-day may be helpful. In the in. heads can be spaced closer than larger, later Slow growing fall, dig up and transplant mature plants to a varieties. 3–4 lb green heads don’t store for long, but hardy plants produce heads in January or greenhouse; protected plants can keep produc- but it’s one of the fastest to mature. Resistant to February. Plant in the early Fall for mid-winter ing stalks all winter that are milder than summer cabbage yellows. #22106 Pkt $2.50 harvest. #22108 Pkt $3.25 harvests. Sowing Instructions: Sow seed no more than 1/8 in. deep in sterile seed starting Premium Late Flat Dutch 6 100 days. mix. Keep temperature between 70–75°F. Trans- [Introduced by German immigrants ~1840.] In plant when plants are 2½–3 in. tall. Germina- the early 1900s, Virginia gardeners used to sow tion is slow, typically 14–21 days at 65–75°F. seeds of this variety and use it as a source of cut Planting Times: In Virginia, sow seed in late greens while the heads were forming. Large, January or early February for transplanting flat heads weigh 10–15 lbs and measure 7 × 14 into a cold frame in March. Then transplant to in. Low-growing heads have a short core and the garden from May 1st to June 1st. Prema- excellent wrapper leaves. May grow poorly in hot ture Bolting: If plants are exposed to night weather, but revives quickly in cool, wet weather. temperatures below 55°F for more than 8–10 Very good keeper. #22103 Pkt $2.50 days the plants will go to seed. Spacing: Savoy Cabbage Space 8 in. apart in Golden Acre rows 2½ ft. apart. Packet: Celery, Savoy Perfection ® 89 days. Flattened, round 6–8 lb heads are white inside, wrapped on the 0.5 g (about 1230 Red Cabbage outside with well-savoyed, blue-green leaves. seeds); Celeriac, Good heat tolerance, makes especially beautiful 0.25 g (about 660 Red Acre OG seeds). ® 76 days. Red Acre Round, 5–7 in. Golden reddish-purple Self-Blanching heads weigh Celery 6 85 days about 3 lbs. Adds from transplant. a festive color to cole- [1886.] Compact slaw. An excellent celery with thick, ten- storage variety der, stringless stalks with resistance to blanching to yellow. cabbage yellows. Thick hearts of good Heads may sun- quality. #36101 Pkt burn in hot weather, (0.5 g) $2.50 so best for early spring and fall crops. #22104 Savoy Tall Utah Celery Pkt $2.50; #22104E (28 OG 110 days from trans- g) $5.75 plant. [1953.] 30 in. plants are medium dark Late & Winter Cabbage green, with 12 in. crisp, tender and tasty stalks. #36102 Pkt (0.5 g) $2.75 Early Flat Dutch ® 6 85 days. [Pre-1875, Large Smooth Prague possibly pre-1855.] Celeriac 6110 days Does well in south- from transplant. [Pre- ern and coastal areas 1870.] Also called thanks to its heat resis- “turnip-rooted celery,” tance. Excellent sauer- celeriac is grown for its kraut variety and the sweet, starchy globe- best variety for storage. shaped roots. Harvest roots Large, flat heads, when 2–4 in. in diameter 6–10 lbs, average 11 and use in soups and stews, in. with medium core boiled and pureed, fried in butter, and few outside Marsden in the spring garden or grated into salads. Culture is the same as for Early Flat Dutch leaves. #22101 celery. Stores well. #36501 Pkt (0.25 g) $2.50 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA CertifiedCabbage, Organic Celery & Celeriac 11 carrots, orange and yellow flesh. Spicier than regular carrot, good storage. Our favorite purple Carrots regular carrots; great for adding color to salads carrot, with better flavor and more consistent Daucus carota and stir fries. #35113 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 color than “Cosmic Purple.” #35109 Pkt (1 g) $2.95 Culture: For best results, carrots need a loose sandy loam, free of rocks. Clay soils require Scarlet Nantes loosening and lightening to a depth of 9 in. with OG ® (Core- organic matter such as leaf mold or peat moss less, Nantes to provide good drainage, loose structure, and Half Long) 70 adequate moisture-holding capacity. Do not days. [1870.] A add fresh manure before planting – too much garden favorite nitrogen favors top growth and causes roots to appreciated for become rough and highly branched. Main- its fine texture, tain high levels of phosphorus and potassium. mild flavor, and Scarlet Plant seed ¼ in. deep, 3 seeds/in., and thin to Danvers 126 very small core. 1–2 in. apart in rows 12 in. apart. Cover seeds Cylindrical roots with a fine light soil, and keep soil moist. For Danvers 126 OG ® 75 days. [1947.] Widely 6½ in. long, 1–1½ in. at the shoulder. Can planting in blocks, mix seed with dry sand or adapted, productive, and heat-tolerant. Dark-or- be grown for winter storage, but best flavor is fine soil, and add some radish seeds to prevent ange roots 6–7 in. long, 2 in. at the shoulder, from spring-grown carrots. #35106 Pkt $2.50; soil crusting and broadcast seeds over a prepared tapering to a blunt point. Especially suited to #35106E (28 g) $5.50 bed. Seeds take 5 days to germinate – longer in growing in clay soil, and the strong tops aid cool weather. After foliage is several inches high, harvesting. Good storage variety. #35103 Pkt Cauliflower add mulch to conserve moisture. Extreme fluc- $2.50; #35103E (28 g) $5.50 tuations of soil moisture between dry and wet Brassica oleracea var. conditions may cause cracking of the roots. Car- Imperator (Tendersweet) botrytis Imperator OG 74 rots maturing in cool weather have the sweetest days. [AAS winner.] Sweet, crisp, and Culture: Culture of cauli- roots. Diseases: Follow a 2- to 3-year rotation tender. 7–9 in. orange-red roots are flower is similar to broccoli to help prevent disease. Pests: Avoid planting coreless, have semi-blunt ends and and cabbage. (See Cabbage in previously sodded ground and sprinkle wood narrow shoulders. Requires loose, section.) Blanching the ash along the row to prevent wireworm damage. deep soil to achieve its full potential. Curd: When the white Carrot rust flies can be controlled by skipping #35108 Pkt $2.50; #35108E (28 head or curd begins to the spring planting for a year to break the life g) $5.50 form, tie the top leaves cycle by starving the spring generation of rust together over it to fly. Interplanting carrots with onions in a ratio Back! Minicor OG S ® (Amster- protect the curd from of 1:2 reduces carrot fly damage by 70%. Sow dam Minicor) 54-75 days. A gour- sunlight that causes the seed 2–3 times as thick in late summer plantings met carrot from Holland, grown for curd to yellow. Harvest: to help carrots survive grasshoppers. Harvest: tender baby carrots 3-4 in. long, or Harvest while the curd is in Best quality roots are no larger than 1 in. in 6-7 in. long when grown to full size. the tight bud stage. Don’t harvest diameter. Storage: Cut off the tops, leaving ¼ Roots are sweet, fine-grained, deep for storage when heads are wet – the in. Store in the refrigerator or overwinter the orange, and uniform in size and shape. Excellent curds will mold in storage. Maturity Dates: roots in the garden by covering with a thick, for canning or eating fresh. #35105 Pkt $2.75; Days to maturity are from transplant date. Add loose mulch such as straw. History: Carrots #35105D (14 g) $7.75 25 days if direct seeded. Seed Savers: See Broccoli have historically been used to make jelly, syrup, section. Packet: 2 g (about 600 seeds) sows 72 ft. wine, liquor, and dye. Seed Savers: Isolate from Back! Nantes Fancy OG S ® 68 days. Dark direct-seeded or 360 ft. as transplants. other carrot varieties and Queen Anne’s lace by a orange carrots with a blunt end are excellent distance of 330 ft. for home use. For pure seed, keepers, but the fresh, crisp taste also makes it isolate by 1/8 to ¼ mile. Packet: 3 g unless stated especially nice for early spring planting. #35112 Spring Cauliflower (about 1500–1950 seeds, depending on variety) Pkt (1 g) $2.75 Early Snowball ® 50 days. Highly recom- sows 84–110 ft. mended for the Mid-Atlantic. The best in our Oxheart ® 6 90 days. trials of spring-planted cauliflower. Good cover- [1884.] Thick, sweet “ox- age of the curd by wrapper leaves. Head denser Chantenay Red Core OG heart”-shaped carrots, 5–6 than other early snowball varieties. Compact ® 6 65 days. [Intro- in. long and 3–4 in. wide, plants. Can also be used for fall crops. #23101 duced from France in weighing up to a pound! Pkt $2.50 the late 1800s.] Blocky, Give this one extra growing broad-shouldered variety space. A good carrot choice Fall Cauliflower with blunt tip, 5½ in. for shallow or clay-heavy Fall varieties are larger than spring varieties. long and 2½ in. at the soils that most carrots don’t However, fall varieties are daylength-sensitive, and shoulder. Deep-orange like, and a good storage should not be planted for spring harvest. interior. Adaptable to clay variety. #35107 Pkt $2.75; Oxheart and a wide range of soils. #35107E (28 g) $8.75 Snowball Y OG ® 80 days. [1947.] Large, #35101 Pkt $2.50 Chantenay smooth, white heads are uniform, solid, and Red Core smooth. Widely adapted, well suited for fall Cosmic Purple ® crops. #23103 Pkt $2.50 70 days. [Yellow and purple carrots Snowball Self-Blanching ® 68 days. [De- were first recorded in veloped by Dr. Homna at MSU.] Self-wrapping Asia Minor in the leaves protect the white curds from heat and 10th c. For the first Purple sunlight during late summer or early fall. No few hundred years of tying of the leaves is necessary unless heads managed cultivation, Purple Dragon OG S ® 80 days. Beautiful grow larger than 6 in. in diameter. During hot carrots were pre- regular-size purple carrot bred by John Navazio. weather growth slows until cooler weather, dominantly purple.] Bright orange or yellow interior, sweet almost thus preventing formation of undersized heads. Cosmic Purple-skinned 7 in. “wild” spicy flavor, can be used just like any #23102 Pkt $2.50 12 Carrots, Cauliflower www.SouthernExposure.com Sweet Corn Open-Pollinated Sweet Corn Zea mays Culture: Sweet corn seed requires a soil tempera- ture of 65°F to germinate well, otherwise seed may rot easily due to its high sugar content. Don’t rush your first planting; wait until after the first average frost-free date. An old saying is to plant corn when oak leaves are the size of squirrel ears. Succession plantings can then be made 2–3 weeks apart. Sow seed 1 in. deep in rows 36 in. apart and thin to 6–12 in. apart within rows. Later, taller varieties need wider Ashworth spacing than early, shorter varieties. For good pollination and well-filled ears, plant in blocks Ashworth OG S ® (yellow) 69 days. An early at least 5 rows wide. Harvest: After silk has maturing, widely adapted sweet corn with good Sandy hangs out while Mama posts the mail dried and turned brown, puncture the skin of flavor and dependability. Stalks average 5 ft. a kernel with your thumbnail. If a sweet, milky with 1-2 ears (6-7 in. long), 12 rows of yellow Luther Hill OG S 6(white) 82 Days. [De- juice is released (milk stage) the corn is ready kernels per ear. #41101 Pkt (~113 seeds) veloped 1902 in Andover Township, NJ, by hor- for harvest. Prepare corn for eating quickly $3.50; #41101F (¼ lb) $7.25 ticulturist Luther Hill.] Produces two 6 in. ears after harvest. At room temperature, harvested on each 51 ft. tall stalk. A home garden variety ears lose 50% of their sugar in 24 hours. Pests: adapted to the Appalachian foothills. Can be Corn earworm can be sufocated by inserting Aunt Mary’s grown as far north as southern Ontario. Flavor a medicine dropper half filled with mineral oil is unsurpassed compared to other open-pollinat- into the silk after it has wilted and browned at ed corns. One of the parental lines of the very the tip (4–5 days after silk appears). Corn borers successful ‘Silver Queen’ hybrid sweet corn. Still can be prevented by composting corn refuse used by breeders to impart exceptional flavor to and stubble as soon as possible. Disease: Corn hybrid sweet smut forms large puffy, gray, irregular masses corn. Does of fungus during dry hot weather. Corn smut best on a is a delicacy in Mexico, but if you want corn well-drained rather than corn smut, remove and destroy the ridge, fungus; otherwise the black spores will re-infest not soggy your corn for several years. Medicinal: Cornsilk Aunt Mary’s S ® 6 (white) 69 days. [Ohio bottom. We is used as a diuretic. Seed Savers: Corn is wind heirloom, Our stock is from the original 1800s recommend pollinated. Separate varieties by 600 ft. for home native strain. Later selected for canning and pre-sprouting use, or ½ to 1 mile for absolute purity. Save at commercial seed sales.] Aunt Mary’s has attracted the kernels least 500 seeds from at least 10% of the plants a loyal following among gardeners and Seed and sowing to maintain vigor and genetic diversity of the Savers. 6–8 ft. sturdy stalks, 1–2 ears/stalk, 6–8 in warm soil variety. Packet: 28 g (1 oz, ~115–210 seeds, in. ears, most with 12–14 rows of white kernels. at 12 in. in- depending on variety) sows 30–45 ft. Great flavor. #41102 Pkt (~134 seeds) $3.50 row spacing. Luther Hill Once es- Open-pollinated or Buhl S ® 6 (yellow) 81 days. [From Sandhill tablished pro- hybrid sweet corn? Preservation Center via SSE member B.W. White vide plenty of water and nitrogen. When grown 1981.] 6-7’ stalks bear 2 ears of for seed in a humid climate it must be watched Which to grow depends on what is Buhl amazingly uniform sweet yellow carefully to produce quality seed. #41109 Pkt important to you. Old-fashioned, corn of superior quality. You’ll have (~171 seeds) $3.50 open-pollinated corn is not as to fight the raccoons to enjoy it! uniform in size and maturity as hy- #41111 Pkt (~153 seeds) $3.75 brid corn. For the home gardener, Baby Corn this means the convenience of an Country Gentleman OG 6 (Sho- Chires Baby Sweet Corn S ® 75 days. The extended harvest from one planting. epeg) (white) 93 days. [1891.] The tiny corn seen in Asian restaurants! 3-5 stalks Hybrid corn tends to mature all dense, round kernels are irregularly per plant, 8-12 ears at once, an advantage to some arranged instead of in rows, giving per stalk. 2-3 in. farmers. The new supersweet and these ears a striking appearance. The long ears. Harvest extrasweet hybrid corns are sugary sweet 8 in. ears remain in the milk soon after the silks sweet and hold their sweetness in stage longer than many varieties. emerge (within 5 storage, but they may have weak seedling vigor, are 2 ears per stalk. A favorite for freezing and days) to stimulate the more susceptible to ear damage by insects, and the creamed corn. Well known throughout the formation of more seeds rot readily in cool soil. Standard, open-pol- Hudson Valley, well adapted to the northern ears. Planting: same linated sweet corn is still preferred by many Mid-Atlantic. More resistant to corn smut than spacing as other corn. gardeners because of its old fashioned corn flavor. earlier, smaller varieties. #41104 Pkt (~271 Easy to grow, as corn When pigs, chickens, horses, and cows are given a seeds) $3.50 earworms don’t have choice between open-pollinated and hybrid corn time to do damage the animals invariably prefer the old open-pollinat- and corn smut is rarely ed varieties, possibly because of the higher protein a problem. If dried on content. For good pollination and ear development, the plants, ears can Chires open-pollinated corn should be planted in blocks at be used for popcorn. least 5–6 rows wide, whereas hybrid corn should #41701 Pkt (4 g, ~100 seeds) $2.95 be planted in blocks at least 4 rows wide. Note: If open-pollinated corn is new to you we suggest planting less than ¼ lb. until you are familiar See the next page for Hybrid with its characteristics. Country GentlemanCountry Gentleman Sweet Corn ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Corn 13 Hybrid Sweet Corn Flour corns have rounded kernels in which the white flour, but if the bran is sifted out, a white soft part of the kernel predominates, and can be flour is obtained. Older farmers who use this ground into flour fine enough to use like wheat corn to feed chickens claim that the chickens flour. They are especially good for baking. Dent will eat more, lay more eggs, and put on more corns include most of the heirloom corns from meat. Sturdy stalks, excellent Corn Rootworm the Southeast and Midwest, and as well as most resistance, and tolerates crowding and smut modern hybrid field corns, though these hybrids better than many other open-pollinated corns. Bodacious have much less flavor. A dent corn kernel #41303 Pkt (~136 seeds) $2.95; #41303G (½ typically has a flinty ring around a floury center; lb) $9.50; #41303H (1 lb) $13.75; #41303K as the kernel dries the center contracts, creating (4 lbs) $48.50 Bodacious RM – “Sugary Enhanced” Hybrid ® a dent in the top of the kernel. Heirloom dent (yellow) 74 days. Sweet, tender, golden corns make great cornbread, hominy, and kernels. 18 rows/ear. Ears are 8 in. long on roasting ears. All our field corns are dents unless sturdy 7 ft. stalks. Good disease resistance. For otherwise stated. Some old-timers actually best germination, avoid planting during early prefer eating the starchy dent corns in the same cold spells. #41904 Pkt (~138 seeds) $3.50; manner as sweet corns. Disease Resistance: #41904F (¼ lb) $6.50 The tight husks of many dent corns gives them improved insect resistance. Cooking: To roast Silver Queen – corn preheat oven to 375–400°F, or prepare a Silver “Normal Sugary” good bed of coals. Husk young ears, remove Hybrid ® (white) silk, replace husk, fill husk with water, drain, Cateto Sulino Flint 90 days. One of twist husk closed, and bake about 25 minutes. the most popular Alternately: husk completely, rub with butter, ateto ulino lint S ® and dependable salt and pepper, foil wrap, and roast. Packet: 1½ C S F (orange) 100 days. hybrid sweet oz (42 g) unless otherwise stated (78–150 seeds, Blend of Argentine and Uruguayan landraces, corns. Ears are depending on variety) sows 30–45 ft. selected in TN by Joshua Gochenour, for insect 8½ in. long, filled resistance, virus resistance, and bright orange with 14–16 rows color that indicates high carotene content. Ears of sweet white ker- up to 8 in. on 5-8 ft. stalks. Kernels are such nels. Stalks average a bright orange, inside and out, that Farm and 7½ ft. Tolerant Sparrow bakery in North Carolina says it’s of the majority of caused customers to ask why they’d put cheddar leaf blights and of cheese in the bread they’d baked using it! Name Stewart’s wilt. Has some drought tolerance and may be roughly translated as “Southern Unre- better insect-resistance than other hybrids. Seeds fined.” See website for amusing info related to germinate poorly in cold soil, so don’t rush the this name. #41329 Pkt (~ 158 seeds) $2.95 season! Early plantings can be started by setting out transplants or by pre-sprouting seeds. Wide Cherokee White Eagle S ® 6 (blue and adaptability and well suited for the Mid-Atlan- white) 110 days. A tic. #41901 Pkt (~135 seeds) $3.25; #41901F beautiful blue and (¼ lb) $6.25 white corn with a red cob. Occa- Bloody Butcher sionally there will Dent, Flint & Flour be an all-blue ear. Some people can Corn Zea mays Bloody Butcher S ® 6 (red) 120 days. see the image of a [1845. Originally from Virginia.] Stalks grow white eagle in the Cherokee Culture: Plant these grain (field) type corns 10–12 ft. tall producing 2 ears per stalk. Kernels kernels! 8-10 ft. White Eagle when the soil is at least 55°F, or when the are blood-red with darker red stripes, and occa- tall stalks, mostly dogwood leaves are the size of squirrel’s ears. sional white or blue kernels. For flour, cereal, or 2 ears/stalk, 6-7 Space plants 12–24 in. apart, leaving more room roasting ears. #41302 Pkt (~170 seeds) $2.95; in. stocky ears. #41314 Pkt (~127 seeds) $2.75 for taller varieties, in 36 in. rows. Harvest for #41302G (½ lb) $9.50; #41302H (1 lb) roasting when ears have just reached full size, $13.75; #41302K (4 lbs) $48.50 Cherokee White Flour, or for dry corn when the husks have Original S ® 6 (white) fully yellowed. In other respects, grow Blue Clarage OG S 120 days. [Seed collected by like sweet corn. Two maturity dates ® 6 (Ohio Blue grower Tony West from an may be given: the first is for use as Clarage) (blue) 100 elderly Cherokee woman in roasting ears, the second is for drying days. [~1920, Ohio the Tuckasegee area of North and grinding. Dent, Flint, and Flour heirloom, selected from Carolina. Longer ears and Types: These three broad categories “Rotten Clarage.”] A taller stalks than the Brown of field (grain) corn differ in climactic highly uniform, semi- and Robinson reselection of adaptation, kernel composition, kernel dent corn. Solid blue, the 1980s. Introduced 2011 shape, and best culinary uses. Flint 8-10 in. ears on 10 by SESE.] 11–12 in. ears corns tend to do well in wet and cold ft. stalks, 2 ears/stalk. on sturdy 15-ft. tall stalks. climates, they are especially common Originally developed as White kernels, 8–10 rows/ in the Northeast. They have pointed a meal and feed corn, ear, 50 seeds/row, white kernels in which the hard part of the it has a higher sugar cobs. Makes great flour. kernel predominates, and they are content than most dent Important historical variety. especially good for cooking methods corns, and may be Seed grown and stewarded that involve boiling, such as polenta used fresh in the milk by Appalachian Heirloom stage. As cornmeal it Plant Farm in and johnnycakes. Flour corns are most Cherokee White Flour, Original common in the Southwest, but have has a sweet flavor. It Winchester, been traditionally grown in many areas. Blue Clarage mills easily and makes Ohio. #41320 speckled blue and Pkt (~127 seeds) $2.95 14 Corn www.SouthernExposure.com eties and give excellent protection from beetles on sturdy 12-18 ft. stalks, 1-2 ears per stalk, and earworm. Has good tolerance to northern 10-14 rows per ear. Some all-red and all-blue leaf blight (H. turicum) and southern leaf blight ears along with an array of purple, white, and (H. maydis). #41304 Pkt (~85 seeds) $2.50; painted orange kernels. Many corns, including #41304G (½ lb) $7.75; #41304H (1 lb) Bloody Butcher, crossed over the decades to $10.75 produce an immensely productive, drought tol- erant, hardy dent corn good for sweet roasting Floriani Red Hop McConnell ears and gorgeous, delicious cornmeal. #41317 Speckled OG S ® 6 Pkt (~78 seeds) $2.95; #41317G (½ lb) Floriani Red Flint OG S 6(red) 100 days. (red/white/speckled) $9.50; #41317H (1 lb) $13.75 [Family heirloom from the Valsugana valley of 100 days. [Named for Italy near Trento, via William Rubel. Originally Wade Hopkins “Hop” brought to Italy from America, it evolved over McConnell of Scott hundreds of years to become the staple polenta County, VA. Hop ran corn of the valley. Introduced by SESE and Fedco a general store, and Seeds 2009.] Beautiful medium- to deep-red shared this corn with kernels are slightly pointed. Cornmeal has a local farmers.] Ears are pink cast, and makes a polenta with a remark- all-red, all-white, or ably rich, complex flavor. Plants grow 7–10 ft. all red/white speckled tall – slightly smaller and faster maturing than (interesting genetics!), other varieties we offer. Some tendency to lodge. about 8 in. long on #41318 Pkt (~150 seeds) $2.95; #41318G (½ 12-ft. stalks. #41328 lb) $9.50 Pkt (~132 seeds) $2.95; #41328G (½ lb) $9.50 Hop McConnell Leaming

Leaming OG S 6(yellow) 95 days. [1850s, bred by Jacob Leaming of Clinton County, Ohio. Rare now, this famous variety won a prize at the World’s Fair in Paris, and has been used in breeding much of the US’s corn.] 8½-10 in. ears with deep Hickory yellow kernels, 14-22 rows/ear, red cobs. 7-8 ft. stalks. Widely adapted, though not recommend- ed for Deep South. #41321 Pkt (~170 seeds) Hickory Cane OG S ® 6 (white) 85/110 $2.95; #41321G (½ lb) $9.50; #41321H (1 days. [pre-1875.] Heirloom dent corn original- lb) $13.75 ly selected by Native Americans in n. Florida and s. Georgia. It came to be prized across the mountain South for roasting ears, creamed corn, Jellicorse Twin grits, and hominy, and particularly for white corn meal, as well as fodder for animals. Plants Jellicorse Twin OG S ® 6 (white) 120 days. up to 15 ft. tall. 1-2 ears/stalk. Tight ears keep [Pre-1920.] Tennessee variety, similar to Neal’s out ear worms. Large ears stay in the green milk Paymaster but with a white cob. Extremely “roasting ear” stage longer than most heirlooms. heat tolerant, has set seed even during 107°F #41325 Pkt (~80 seeds) $2.75; #41325G (½ temperatures! #41315 Pkt (~97 seeds) $2.75; lb) $9.50; #41325H (1 lb) $13.50; #41325K #41315G (½ lb) $9.50; #41315H (1 lb) (4 lbs) $47.50 $13.75

Hickory King Looney

Looney S ® 6 (white) [Early 1900s SE TN variety selected by C. S. Looney of Winchester, TN. Introduced 2020 by SESE.] Rare old Southern white dent famous for its great flavor, and a favorite of moonshiners. Sturdy, medium-tall stalks, does well even in poor soil. 9-12 in. ears are densely packed with good-sized seeds, 16-18 rows, good husk coverage, 1-2 ears/stalk. Seed grown and stewarded by Jeff Swann in Sparta, TN. #41330 Pkt (~108 seeds) $2.75; #41330G (½ lb) $9.25; #41330H (1 lb) Hickory King ® 6 (white) 85/110 days. [Pre- $13.50 1875.] In the hills and hollows of Virginia this Kentucky Rainbow corn is still appreciated as a roasting and hominy Dent, Flint & Flour Corn corn. Considered the best variety for hominy Kentucky Rainbow OG S ® 6 (Daymon continue on the next page. because the skin of the kernel is easily removed Morgan’s Kentucky Butcher) (rainbow) 110 by soaking. Also good for grits, corn meal, and days. [Grown by generations of Daymon Morgan’s flour. Makes a nice roasting corn. Extremely family in Leslie Co., eastern KY; selected since Order online at tall 12 ft. stalks provide good support for pole 2001 by Susana Lein of Salamander Springs Farm www.SouthernExposure.com beans. 2 ears per stalk. Ears have very large flat in Berea, KY. Introduced 2009 by SESE.] Beauti- white kernels. Husks are tighter than most vari- ful, multicolored, huge ears (up to 14 in. long!) for fastest service and largest selection. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Corn 15 Dent, Flint & Flour Corn continued. Gourdseed Corn Zea mays Gourdseed corns are one of our oldest corns, and were commonly grown in southern Virginia. The plants of gourdseed corn are heavily stalked and bear ears having a large number of rows of thin, deep kernels. These valuable corns originated from Indian gourdseed corn dating back to at least 1700. They were used for roasting ears, and for feed and flour. At maturity the kernels of some varieties are easily shelled by a light touch to the ear. Gourdseed corns were grown until about 1940, before hybrids became popular. In 1889, gourdseed corn won the Great Corn Painted Mountain Contest sponsored by the American Agriculturist, Texas Gourdseed yielding 255 bushels per acre. Because of interest Back! Painted Mountain OG S ® (rainbow) in hybrid corn, gourdseed corns were virtually 85-90 days. [Dave Christensen has been breeding extinct by the 1960s, but recently they have been this variety in Montana for 35+ years, working found to be valuable because of their resistance to with 70+ early, cold hardy Native American some diseases, notably southern leaf blight. Dr. Back! Texas Gourdseed OG S ® 6(white) varieties.] Widely adapted, this amazingly super Brown, former president of Pioneer Hi-Bred, re- 120 days. [Reintroduced 1987 by SESE.] hardy corn is early maturing with great cold soil discovered gourdseed corn on a Texas farm, after Originally brought to south Texas by German tolerance. Slim, 6-8 in. ears, 1-2 ears per 4-5 a year-long search. Packet: 11 oz. (42 g) (about farmers who migrated from Appalachia during ft. stalk. Beautiful multi-color ears, “Husking 150–165 seeds) sows 35 ft. the late 19th century. Descendants of each ear is like opening presents,” says grower these farmers maintain flocks of turkeys, Richard Moyer. Fresh ears can be roasted; dried, Cherokee Gourdseed OG S and the birds are let into the cornfields the corn works great for flour or parching. Crit- ® 6 (white) 125 days. [From to eat the corn right off the cobs. Stalks ters share our love for this corn, so be vigilant, the Qualls family in Virginia via average 8 ft. tall, 2 ears/stalk, containing or plan to harvest early for fresh eating if you Sand Hill Preservation Center.] 18–22 rows of cream-colored, narrow want to get any! Seed grown and stewarded by Similar to Virginia White kernels, compactly united from the cob the Moyer Family Farm in Castlewood, VA. Gourdseed but with more to the surface. Although it is susceptible #41322 Pkt (~165 seeds) $3.75; #41322G (½ uniform cobs. Vigorous 10–12 to smut, it is resistant to other diseases, lb) $15.75 ft. stalks bear 1–2 big, fat ears withstands drought, and does well in with long, white kernels that clay soil. This variety closely approxi- Pungo Creek Butcher shell easily. 2½ in. wide ears mates original gourdseed characteristics. average 6–8 in. long, 22 In south Texas, this is considered to be rows/ear. #41505 Pkt Cherokee Gourdseed, the best choice for tortilla flour. #41501 (~150 seeds) $2.75; photo: Kimberly Handy Todd Pkt (~175 seeds) $2.95; #41501G (½ #41505G (1 lb) $9.50 lb) $9.50; #41501H (1 lb) $13.75

a number of yellow dent lines.] It was one of the One of the most productive, driest years on record hardy corns ever developed. in his growing area This old-timer is well known in Virginia, and was in the Mid-Atlantic region, the only variety that where it is revered for its produced. Makes great adaptability and dependabili- corn bread and polen- ty in Southern heat and soils. ta as well as attractive Pungo Creek Butcher OG S ® 6 (rainbow) 7 ft. stalks with 9 in. double corn cob pipes. Seed [Eastern Shore heirloom from Bill Savage, grown ears well-filled with 16 rows grown and stewarded for 165 years by Pungo Creek, VA farmers. Genetic of deep, close-set, moderately by Living Energy analysis shows it to be descended from Bloody flat seed. #41308 Pkt (~130 Farm and Twin Oaks Butcher. Introduced 2010 by SESE.] A tall, hardy seeds) $2.50; #41308G (½ Seed Farm in Louisa, corn with sturdy stalks up to 11 ft. Ears are a lb) $7.75 VA. #41311 Pkt mixed rainbow of red, brown, yellow, and some- (~135 seeds) $2.95; times purple. 9–12 in. ears in Tennessee Red Cob #41311G (½ lb) tightly wrapped husks. Rough OG S ® 6 (white) $9.50; #41311H (1 milled this is a nutritious feed 120 days. [Pre-1900. lb) $13.75; #41311K for your flock, or the corn can Original seedstock (4 lbs) $48.50 be ground into a meal with supplied by Harold rich flavor and unusual color. Jerrell. For the last Tennessee Red Pretty enough to grow just for several years main- looks, this corn is delicious tained and selected baked into muffins or corn- by Debbie Piesen and Edmund Frost bread. #41319 Pkt (~146 at Living Energy Farm and Twin Oaks Popcorn seeds) $2.95; #41319G (½ Seeds Farm.] High yielding, up to 150 We tend to think of popcorns for popping only, lb) $9.50; #41319H (1 lb) bushels/acre here in Virginia. 10–13 ft. but some Native Americans also grind popcorn $13.75 sturdy stalks are often used to support to make bread. Grown and dried in the same pole beans. 6–9 in. ears, 12–18 rows/ manner as dent corn or flint corn. Popcorns are Reid’s Yellow Dent ® 6 ear, 1–2 ears/stalk. Mr. Jerrell reported resistant to ear damage by birds. Packet: 14g (yellow) 85/110 days. [1840s. that in 1995 this variety produced a (~90-125 seeds, depending on variety) sows 22- A prize winner at the 1893 good crop on only 2 in. of rain from 32 ft. See Sweet Corn for cultural info. World’s Fair and progenitor of mid-June until the first of September. 16 Corn Reid’s Yellow Dent www.SouthernExposure.com Popcorn Cucumbers Cucumis sativus Culture: Cucumbers require a rich, well-drained soil in pH range 6–7. Avoid too much nitrogen Cherokee Long Ear Small OG S ® (rain- or fruits may be bitter. Water plants regularly to get the mildest fruits. Seeds require a temperature bow) 100 days. [Seedstock from Merlyn Niedens, of at least 68°F to germinate. Plant out starting 1–2 weeks after last frost. Seed Watering Notes: combining several strains of long ear Cherokee Be careful not to overwater germinating seeds or they may rot. It’s best to soak the ground or the popcorn sent by Carl Barnes of Turpin, OK. Carl potting soil heavily when first planting, then avoid watering again if possible until seedlings emerge. has helped save many (For seeds in potting soil, keep them warm but out of direct sunlight so that they don’t dry out so of the Cherokee corns fast.) Cucumber seeds emerge in 5+ days; very lightly water ground or potting soil around day 3 that came west over or 4 to keep soil from crusting so that seeds can emerge more easily. Direct Seeding: Sow seeds the Trail of Tears.] ½–3/4 in. deep. Final spacing should be 6–12 in. apart in rows 3–5 ft. apart. Transplants: Sow seeds Small kernelled vari- ½ in. deep, 2–3 seeds per pot. Cut off weak seedlings at the base to avoid disturbing roots. Seeds ety makes surprising- germinate best at 85–90°F. Maintain seedlings at 75°F or higher. Harden plants before setting out, ly large pops, yielding and take care not to disturb fragile roots when transplanting. Since cucumber transplants are fussy, for a low hull/corn hold back a few seedlings for filling in any gaps in the row as they appear. Harvest: To maintain ratio. Great flavor. good production, harvest fruit every 1–3 days. Greenhouse Notes: Grow cucumbers on a trellis to Highly ornamental, make use of vertical space. Use mildew-resistant varieties, and hand-pollinate. Diseases: Although 5–7 in. ears have scab is not usually a problem in the Mid-Atlantic region, two fungus diseases, powdery mildew many shiny colors and downy mildew, are common. Powdery mildew occurs during hot, dry spells, whereas downy including red, blue, mildew occurs during wet, cool spells near the end of the growing season. Mosaic virus causes a orange, white, and yellow and green mottling of the leaves and reduces plant vigor. Anthracnose, a fungus disease, is yellow. 6–8 ft. plants. most common during mid- and late- season and during dry weather. Dark brown spots on the leaves #41609 Pkt (~110 and round sunken spots on the fruit are evidence of Anthracnose. Another fungus, angular leaf spot, Cherokee Long Ear Small seeds) $2.95 is common during cool, wet weather. Symptoms of angular leaf spot include interveinal browning and small circular spots on the fruit. Bacterial wilt causes sudden dramatic wilting and death of Dakota Black OG S ® the vines. Use resistant or tolerant varieties, practice good sanitation and crop rotation, and pay (maroon-black) 90 days. attention to proper growth requirements. Insect Pests: Early season cucumber beetles can kill young Beautiful 4½ in. ears, great seedlings. For about a month starting ~2–3 weeks after last spring frost, cucumber beetles are much flavor. 15 rows per ear. 6 hungrier than usual, and will kill young seedlings. Cucumber beetles can also spread bacterial wilt. ft. stalks, 1 ear per stalk, Chickens, row cover, and an Amaranth trap crop can be used to control cucumber beetles. Seed above-average pest resis- Savers: Isolate varieties by 1/8 mile for home use. Isolate a minimum of ¼ to 1 mile for pure seed. tance. #41605 Pkt (~90 Packet: 2 g unless stated (about 59–78 seeds, depending on variety) sows 20 ft. seeds) $2.95; #41605F (¼ lb) $5.75 Key to Cucumber Disease & Pest Tolerance Dakota Black Dynamite OG S ® 6 Known disease or pest tolerance is indicated in brackets after the variety name. Since many factors (South American Yellow) affect disease and pest tolerance, results may vary from region to region. Resistance is only partial. (yellow) 110 days. High yields and great buttery als Angular Leaf Spot cub Cucumber beetles scab Cucumber Scab flavor makes this a farmer’s market best seller for an Anthracnose dm Downy Mildew spm Spider mites grower William Hale. Sturdy 5 ft. stalks produce bw Bacterial Wilt pm Powdery Mildew tls Target Leaf Spot 2–3 ears with 12–14 rows of big kernels for cmv Cucumber Mosaic Virus easy popping. Seed grown and stewarded Dynamite Slicing Cucumbers by William Hale in Louisa, VA. #41610 Ashley OG S ® 58 days. Pkt (~100 seeds) {als, dm, pm} [1956, Clem- Lemon OG ® $2.95; #41610F (¼ son/AES.] Recommended 6 67 days. lb) $4.95; #41610G for hot, humid areas where {an, cub} (½ lb) $8.50; disease resistance is import- 7 ft. vines #41610H (1 lb) ant. Good Downy Mildew are covered $12.75; #41610K (4 resistance. Productive vines with crunchy lbs) $44.00 produce 7–8 in. dark-green round yellow fruits, tapered on the stem fruits. Har- Lemon Pennsylvania But- end. A popular variety in vest at 1½ in. the Southeast. #51101 Pkt ter-Flavored OG S ® Ashley for pickling, 6 (white) 102 days. $2.75 2 in. for salads. Excellent, never-bit- [Pre-1885 heirloom ter, old-fashioned cucumber flavor popcorn maintained by DMR 401 Slicing with a hint of nuttiness. #51505 Pkt the Pennsylvania Dutch. Cucumber OG S ® $2.50 Introduced 1988 by 59 days. {dm, pm} SESE.] Flavor is superior The next generation Marketmore 76 OG to commercial popcorn. Downy Mildew 57 days. {cmv, pm, Produces white-kerneled resistant cucum- dm, als, an} A great ears, averaging 2 per 8 ft. ber from Michael high-yielding 8 in. stalk. 4–6 in. ears with Mazourek’s breeding bitter-resistant cucum- 26–28 rows of kernels, program at Cornell ber. Grows well in the 1½–13/4 in. at the butt, Pennsylvania U. The best in 2015 Mid-Atlantic region tapering to 1 in. at the Butter-Flavored trials at Cornell and DMR 401 as well as the North. tip. Seed grown and at Common Wealth A good dependable stewarded by William Hale in Louisa, VA. Seed Growers, DMR market variety. Dark #41602 Pkt (~125 seeds) $2.95; #41602F (¼ 401 has foliage that will resist Downy Mildew pressure green fruits are white- lb) $5.25; #41602G (½ lb) $9.75; #41602H at levels that kill any other standard slicing cucumber spined. #51108 Pkt (1 lb) $14.50 plant! Early and productive, 8 in. long cukes. #51113 $2.50; #51108E (28 Marketmore 76 Pkt $3.50 g) $5.50 Popcorn, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Cucumbers 17 Cucumbers continued.

Mexican Sour Gherkin OG ® 6 (Mouse Melon, Sandita) (Melothria scabra) 73 days. Thin but tenacious vines bear many 5/8 Mexican Sour Gherkin Straight Eight Amina (our wiener dog) in. × 7/8 in. fruits goofing it up in front of the turmeric (p. 65) with skin like tiny watermelons. Immature, they taste like cucum- Straight Eight OG ® 6 57 days. {als, an, pm, bers; when fully mature, they taste like pickled spm} [1935, AAS winner.] Highly dependable, Pickling Cucumbers cucumbers. Always popular at tastings! Plant high yielding cucumber. Very uniform deep Pickling cucumbers can be sliced for eating fresh, them along your garden path for convenient green 8 in. fruits about 2½ in. in diameter and slicing cucumbers can be pickled. Picklers snacking. Bears until frost. Trellising recom- with an exceptional flavor. #51107 Pkt $2.50; #51301 Pkt (0.2 g, ~70 seeds) $2.75 tend to have crunchier texture, but with a hint of mended. #51107E (28 g) $5.50 soapy taste when used fresh. Pickling cucumbers are usually blocky in shape and tend to have thicker, arketmore S uyo M 80 OG 56 days. {cmv, dm, pm, S bumpier skin, sometimes with soft spines. scab, cub} [Developed by Dr. Munger of Cornell.] Long OG Rare variety. Fruits are bitter-free, dark green, S ® 61 Arkansas Little and average 8–9 in. long and 2¼ in. in diame- days. {pm} Leaf S ® 59 ter. Less resistance to spider mites in our trials, Sweet-fla- days. {als, an, bw, but increased resistance to cucumber beetles. vored, cmv, pm, scab} Recommended as a cool season main crop “burpless” [U. of Arkansas, variety for the North and for fall planting in the cucum- 1991.] Popular South. Has multiple disease-resistance. #51102 ber from and reliable, this Pkt $2.75 China, hot white-spined pick- weather Suyo Long ler has multiple Poinsett 76 OG tolerant disease-resistance. ® 56 days. {als, and widely Compact vines an, dm, pm, adapted. Exceptionally hardy, productive, and have multiple Arkansas Little Leaf spm} [Developed fine-flavored even under adverse conditions. branch points and by Clemson and One of the best varieties in Twin Oaks Seeds’ will climb a fence Cornell.] An 2013 downy mildew trials. Recommended as an or trellis with ease. Small leaf size makes finding improved ver- early, main season, and late season variety for the fruit easier, and the parthenocarpic flowers pro- sion of Poinsett Southeast. 15–18 in. long fruits, use for pickling duce fruit under stress and without pollinators. having multiple or slicing. #51701 Pkt $2.95 5 in. long fruits good for slicing and pickling. disease-toler- This variety may have lost downy mildew resis- ance. Produces White Heron OG tance with the emergence of new strains of the Poinsett dark green cukes S ® 6 60 days. fungus, as it now varies from year to year with 7–8 in. long [Given to SSE how well it resists DM. #51503 Pkt $2.75 and 2½ in. in by Keith Herron, diameter. The best open-pollinated slicer for the whose family used Boston Pickling Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coastal areas as a this cucumber fresh OG S ® 6 58 disease-resistant main crop garden and for pickling. days. {cmv} [1880.] variety. #51103 Pkt $2.50 Introduced 2017 Medium-green, by SESE.] Pale blunt-shaped fruits Poona Kheera ® 6 OG 60 yellow-green fruits White Heron are crisp and mild, days. [Indian heirloom.] are best picked un- and just the right Golden-brown netted der 5 in., but still size for pickling. skin at maturity. 4 × 2 in. have good flavor at larger sizes. Vigorous vines Not as rampant as fruits start out white, turn bore well in our 2015 trial, when most of our some, but still very yellow, then finally brown, other cucumbers were killed early on by Downy productive. #51506 Boston resembling a potato. Mildew. #51114 Pkt $2.75 Pkt $2.75 Crisp and delicious at all stages, never bitter. #51111 Poona White Wonder OG S 658 days. [Southern Homemade Pickles OG ® 55 days. Special- Pkt $2.75 heirloom, pre-1925?] For pickles or slicing. The ly developed for home gardeners. Vigorous 7 × 2½ in. fruits are ivory-white even when plants with good disease resistance, including Spacemaster OG 60 days. {cmv, scab} [Developed mature for edible harvest. Productive in hot downy mildew by Dr. Munger at Cornell.] Bush-type plant with weather. #51106 Pkt $2.75 resistance. 2–3 ft. vines Medium green and 7½ in. fruits with small long cukes. white spines are Use for salads solid and crisp. or pickles. Harvest cukes at Widely 1½ in. or larger, adapted. Plant up to 6 in. long. early to avoid Makes robust late-season bite-sized pickles, Spacemaster Homemade diseases. Ideal slices, or large Pickles for containers spears. #51504 and small gardens. #51104 Pkt $2.50 White Wonder Pkt $2.50

18 Cucumbers www.SouthernExposure.com Culture: Culture of eggplant is similar to peppers. (See Rosa Bianca OG Rosa Bianca Eggplant Pepper section.) Start seeds 8–10 weeks before setting out- S ® 6 83 days. Solanum melongena side, set out 1–2 weeks after last frost. Don’t rush the sea- A beautiful Italian son because cold-shock can stunt the seedlings. Plants are heirloom, somewhat spaced 24 in. in equidistant spacing, or 20 in. apart in rows 36 in. apart. Fruit-Set: Flowers may not similar to Listada de set fruit during exceptionally hot weather. Mature plants have good vigor in fall, so cover plants on Gandia with creamy frosty nights for 1–2 weeks to extend the harvest season. Harvest: Keep well picked to keep plants white base color and producing. Small fruits have the best eating quality. Fruits are ripe when the skin appears glossy and pink-purple irregular fruit is resilient to thumb pressure. Cooking: Steamed and pureed eggplant is a great tomato paste stripes radiating from substitute (really!). Pests: Control of flea beetles on young seedlings is essential. Pyrethrum and the top. One of our diatomaceous earth are effective organic controls, or use the following method: Harden off seedlings best-tasting eggplants. on a table at least 3 ft. off the ground. (Very little flea beetle damage occurs at this height.) After the #45402 Pkt $2.75; seedlings have been hardened off, transplant seedlings under 1 gallon plastic milk bottles and leave #45402B (3 g) $7.50 off the lid. Leave the plants under the bottles as long as possible. Young seedlings may also be grown under row cover for a month or until flowering starts. Diseases: Avoid growing on soil that has Rosita OG S ® previously grown tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, or especially eggplants for the past three years. Note: 6 70–80 days. Days to maturity are from transplant date. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by a minimum of 150 ft. for [Heirloom from home use. For pure seed isolate a minimum of 1/8 mile. Packet: 0.25 g unless otherwise stated (about Puerto Rico.] 4 ft. 54–88 seeds, depending on variety) sows 60–100 ft. of transplants. tall plants produce excellent yields of lavender-pink, Morden Midget S (Morden Mini) 65 days. teardrop-shaped Purple & Bi-Color [1958, Morden fruits with white Black Beauty OG ® 6 74 Experimental Farm, shoulders. The skin days. [1902.] Fruits are dark Manitoba, Canada.] is tender without a purple, high-quality, and of fine Good short-season trace of bitterness, flavor. Dependable, well adapt- variety; in our rare and the white flesh is ed to the Mid-Atlantic and the cool summers in mild and sweet, be- South. Produces up to 15 fruits Virginia, this one cause the seeds are so Rosita per plant. Fruits are 6½ × 5 in. has better harvests late to develop in the and may weigh up to 3 lbs, but in June and July fruits. Our favorite eggplant, this is the one we best harvested when smaller. than our other egg- always make sure to plant every year. #45203 #45101 Pkt $2.50 plants! Short plants Morden Midget Pkt $2.75; #45203B (3 g) $7.50 (18–30 in. tall) are Early Black Black great for containers. 3–4 in. purple oval fruits. Egg OG S ® #45106 Pkt $2.50 Green & White 65 days. An Applegreen OG 65 days. early Japanese Ping Tung Long OG S ® 62 days. [Taiwanese [1964.] Early maturing, variety of good flavor with variety.] Shiny deep lavender fruits can grow to apple-green fruits with small, tender, egg-shaped fruits 2 × 11 in. and longer. If tender skin that doesn’t about 5 in. long. Sets well in plants are kept upright require peeling. Choice va- the Mid-Atlantic, including the fruits can be kept riety for cool-season areas. cool, short-season areas. Vig- straight for over 3/4 of Apple-sized fruits average orous plants, more tolerant of the length, making 3 × 2½ in. flea beetles than other varieties. for impressive filets. #45303 Pkt Applegreen Early Black Egg #45102 Pkt $2.75 Disease-resistant variety $2.50 and high yielding, istada e andia S ® 6 L D G OG 75 days. producing over 20 fruits Louisiana [Heirloom from France about 1850.] This egg- per plant in our garden. Long Green Louisiana Long Green OG S shaped Italian Excellent flavor. #45104 ® (Green Banana) 75 days. beauty has 5–7 Pkt $2.75; #45104B Attractive 6–12 in. light green, in. fruits, purple Pkt (3 g) $6.50 banana-shaped fruits. Spineless with irregular Ping Tung plants average 4 ft. tall. #45301 white stripes. A Pkt $2.50; #45301B (3 g) unique eggplant $5.50 pleasing to both the eye White Beauty OG S ® 70 and the palate. Listada de days. 6 in. long fruits, 2–3 in. Drought-toler- diameter, ant, sets fruit good flavor. well under high heat, though not as well in cold Hardy and summers. Thin skin does not need to be peeled productive for cooking. #45401 Pkt $2.75 for the Poamoho Dark South and Long Purple OG ® other hot, 75 days. Long, slender humid fruits (2 × 10 in.) are Poamoho Dark Long OG S ® 67 days. [U. areas. 3 slightly bulbous on the of Hawaii, 2018.] A great new variety bred in ft. plants. blossom end. Best har- Hawaii. Long, slender fruits with shiny black Some variability in fruit vested when 1 in. in di- skins. The skins are thin and the flesh is tender shape. #45201 Pkt $2.50; ameter. The dark-purple – a great culinary variety. Tall, sturdy plants are #45201B (3 g) fruits can be sliced like vigorous and productive, bred for Bacterial Wilt $6.50 White a cucumber. #45103 resistance. #45107 Pkt $2.75 Long Purple Pkt $2.50 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Eggplant 19 Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Garlic Shipping Surcharge for Garlic: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. Elephant Garlic Includes all fall-shipped items: garlic, woodland medicinals (pg. 64), and onion bulbs (pg. 35). Allium ampeloprasum Garlic ships in the fall (September – November, northern-most areas first). Culture: Cultural directions are described in They may be pre-ordered at any time (but not by mail after September 1). our 4-page growing guide that is enclosed with U.S. shipping addresses only. bulb shipments. Culinary Uses: Elephant garlic is mild and sweet enough to be sliced raw and If a garlic variety you order is unavailable, we may substitute a similar variety; if you served in salads or steamed as a vegetable with would prefer a refund, please note no substitutions on your order. butter and bread crumbs. Use it to impart garlic flavor to meats, vegetables, and salads without concern about excessive garlic flavor. The large Hardneck cloves are easy to peel, grate, dry, and prepare. Storage: Withstands temperatures well below (Rocambole, Topsetting) freezing and has a shelf life of at least 10 months Allium sativum var. ophioscorodon when properly stored. Culture: Cultural instructions are included with your shipment of bulbs. Culinary Notes: Rocambole garlics are enjoying a renaissance: gardeners and gourmet restaurants are discov- ering the merits of many varieties previously unavailable. We especially enjoy using the fresh green tops as an ingredient in salads. The cloves Chesnok Red of rocambole are large and easy to peel, and as a rule they are more diverse in flavor than those Chesnok Red OG S 6(Purple-striped) [Re- of softneck garlics. Characteristics: Rocambole public of Georgia, near Shvelisi.] Nicely-colored, garlics do not yield as heavily as softneck garlics large bulbs. Cloves are more numerous and and they require better soil and slightly more elongated than most hardneck types. Chesnok care to maximize yields. They do best from Red is the best baking garlic, very aromatic with Virginia northward (north of latitude 37°), but an abiding flavor. #65306 Starter Package some widely adapted varieties can be successfully (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 grown in southern areas. Rocambole garlic pro- duces bulbs that divide underground to produce Elephant Garlic cloves in the same manner as softneck garlic, but unlike softneck garlic, rocambole sends up a scape (flower stalk) which coils into a 360° Elephant Garlic OG S ® 6 turn, then straightens out to produce a cluster of Individual cloves grow to produce large bulbs bulblets (topsets) at the top of the stalk. Coiled weighing ½ lb or more (as large as a grapefruit). stalks can be removed and dried for use in This garlic is more closely related to leeks, flower arrangements. The bulblets emerge under and the flavor is mild and sweet. Serve alone the cover of a paper-thin “night cap.” Though as a steamed vegetable with butter and bread the bulblets can be planted it can take 2 years to crumbs, or bake it in the oven. Yield by weight produce mature bulbs. Best results are obtained is 8:1 under good conditions. #65801 Starter by planting large cloves. Harvest and Yield German Package (cloves, 16 oz, see shipping info p. Notes: Yields (by weight) may range from a low Extra-Hardy 20) $19.50; #65801A (cloves, 40 oz, see ship- of 3:1 to a high of 8:1 depending on growing ping info p. 20) $39.00 conditions. For highest yields, remove the scape German Extra-Hardy OG 6 (Porcelain) Very (or “seed stalk”) at the junction of the highest winter-hardy. Large cloves with a purplish blush, leaf as soon as the scape has uncoiled from its 6–8 per bulb, having when raw a very strong fla- 360° turn. Each week the scape remains after vor, which mellows when cooked. Easy to prepare this stage causes a yield reduction of approxi- and stores well. #65307 Starter Package (cloves, Romanian Red OG S (Porcelain) Large, plump mately 5%. Bulbs are harvested about 4 weeks 8 oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 cloves numbering 4 to 5 per bulb. In fertile soil after the 360° turn stage, when leaves begin to the bulb wrappers are white, otherwise white yellow but while 6–8 green leaves remain. Most Music OG (Porcelain) Extremely large cloves, with splashes of purple. Bulbs are easy to clean, varieties store well for 3–6 months. Hardiness about 4–6 per bulb, sized over 2 in. Music is very attractive and have excellent longevity in Zones: Widely adapted varieties are recom- vigorous and productive, with a nice rich, pun- storage. Flavor is pungent and long-lasting. mended for zones 3–8, otherwise zones 3–6. gent flavor. #65314 Starter Package (cloves, 8 #65304 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see Starter Package: Rocambole garlic is sold by oz, see shipping info above) $14.95 shipping info above) $14.95 weight rather than clove count. Bulb size varies according to conditions. Your starter Package includes a free 4-page growing guide that covers perennial onions and garlic. Check our website in July & August, as we usually add a few varieties after completing harvests.

Garlic Books Learn the art of growing great garlic! See our Garlic Growing Guides on p. 79. Music Romanian Red

20 Garlic www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply formerly our most productive variety. Produces bulbs in excess of 3 in. in diameter under good Softneck (Braiding) conditions. #65102 Starter Package (cloves, 8 Garlic oz, see shipping info p. 20) $14.50 Garlic & Perennial Allium sativum var. sativum Lorz Onion Samplers See Shipping Info on Previous Page. Perennial Onions see page 35 Culture: Cultural instructions are included with your shipment of bulbs. Characteristics: Softneck garlics are more domesticated and have evolved from hardneck garlics. They have lost the ability to produce topsets, hence the center of the bulb has a soft braidable neck. Softneck garlics are more productive, more widely adapt- ed, have better storage quality, and are easier to grow than hardneck garlics, but they are slightly less cold-hardy in extreme northern areas. orz talian S ® 6 Clove count per bulb is much higher but many L I OG (Artichoke) [Pre- varieties have small interior cloves. We have had 1900 heirloom from Italy.] Spicy Italian garlic is yields (by weight) as high as 16:1, but 5 or 8:1 is hotter than most varieties and is a natural for more typical. There are two horticultural groups Italian cuisine. Bulbs average 16 squarish cloves of softneck garlics: The artichoke type and the with few small interior cloves. Sizes up well in silverskin type. Artichoke types are the largest, Virginia. #65111 Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, most widely adapted, and most productive, see shipping info p. 20) $14.50 typically with 3–5 layers of cloves that give the Beginners Garlic Starter Package OG This is a Nootka Rose OG garlic starter package appropriate for very small bulb a lumpy appearance. Silverskin types have S ® 6 smooth, usually white bulb scales. They produce (Silver- gardens and beginners. It can yield up to 4 lbs the most uniform and attractive bulbs, and are skin) [Originally in favorable conditions. Included are ¼ lb of an therefore popular for braiding. Cloves tend to be from Nootka Rose easy softneck type, plus ¼ lb of a more challeng- held tightly in the bulb and do not separate as Farm in WA.] ing hardneck, as easily as those of the artichoke type. Silverskin Thick, creamy well as SESE’s types are popular in western and southern states, white wrappers garlic growing but they also perform well in eastern states. cover red-streaked guide. #92501 clove wrappers. (cloves, see Hardiness Zones: Recommended for zones Nootka 3–9. Starter Package: Softneck garlic is sold by Medium-sized shipping info weight rather than clove count. Bulb size varies bulbs with 15–24 p. 20) $16.50 according to crop conditions. Bulbs usually cloves. This is one weigh an ounce or more. Your Starter Package of our longest storing silverskin garlics. #65114 Small Garden includes a free 4-page growing guide that covers Starter Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping Sampler OG perennial onions and garlic. info p. 20) $14.50 This sampler is for the small Silver Rose OG S gardener who ® (Silverskin type) wants to try California Early OG S Beautiful rose-col- several varieties ® (Artichoke) This large, ored cloves, with of garlic. It easy to grow softneck is smooth white wrap- includes ¼ lb of an artichoke-type softneck, ¼ probably the most widely per skins. Excellent lb of a silverskin-type softneck, ¼ lb of a rocam- grown garlic in the U.S. variety for Southern bole-type hardneck, and ¼ lb of a purple-striped Mild flavor, Excellent garlic growers, keeps hardneck. Yields up to 8 lbs. Also included is storage. 8–10 cloves per up to a year in ideal SESE’s garlic growing guide. #92502 (cloves, bulb. #65120 Starter storage conditions. Silver Rose see shipping info p. 20) $29.50 Package (cloves, 8 oz, The mild smooth California see shipping info p. 20) flavor is welcome $14.50 in any dish. Larger bulbs than Mild French Silverskin, great for braiding. #65113 Starter Growing Inchelium Red OG S ® 6 (Artichoke) Package (cloves, 8 oz, see shipping info p. 20) Great Garlic [Ron En- [Originally from the Colville Indian Reservation, $14.50 geland.] The definitive Inchelium, WA.] Higher sourcebook for growing in soluble solids than Silverwhite garlic organically. other garlic varieties Silverskin OG S Written for gardeners we offer, in 1991 ® (Silverskin) and small farmers, it it won first place [Original stock from covers site preparation among 20 varieties Harmony Farms in through planting, evaluated for flavor California.] Beau- fertilizing, harvesting, at the Rodale Food tiful large cloves, storing, and marketing. Center. Clove count mild flavor. This Also includes chapters averages 15 per bulb is the garlic often on the history and with a wide varia- seen in grocery Silverwhite Silverksin evolution of garlic. tion in clove count. stores. Good for Based on the author’s Inchelium Red has braiding, long storage (12 months if well grown experience with over out-produced Chet’s and cured). #65103 Starter Package (cloves, 8 200 garlic strains. Soft- Italian Purple, Inchelium Red oz, see shipping info p. 20) $14.50 cover, 226 pp. #91111

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Garlic 21 Gourds Culinary Gourds Chicory & Radicchio Lagenaria siceraria unless noted Cucuzzi OG S ® 6 (Cucuzza, Cichorium intybus Zuchetta, Guinea Bean) (Lagenaria Culture: See Endive (Escarole) on page 24. Cultural and Handling Notes: See Cultural siceraria) 60 days. [Italian heirloom, Notes for winter squash. Gourd seeds are a few grown by Jefferson at Monticello.] Pale days longer to germinate than squash. Gourds green fruits up to 36 in. long, for Catalogna Chicory 55 days. have many fewer insect problems than squash. best tenderness harvest at 6-12 in. This well-known Italian chicory If not grown on trellis, space plants 18 in. Fruits milder than luffa. Bug-re- has green, deeply cut dandeli- apart, rows 10 ft. apart, to let vigorous vines sistant plants are a great zucchini on-like leaves with light green sprawl! Small gourds are best grown on a trellis substitute. Normally very vigorous, mid-ribs. More upright than to obtain best quality fruits. Harvest when but had a shorter season during the frillier varieties, it grows the fruit stem changes from green to yellow or 2013’s cold, wet summer. Big sprawl- up to 16 in. tall, but is best Catalogna Chicory yellow-brown. Leave 4 in. of stem attached. ing vines up to 20 feet long, best Cucuzzi harvested when smaller. Wash fruits gently with soapy water, and dry in planted on the edge of the garden; #61501 Pkt (1 g, ~750 well-ventilated area. Turn often for 3–4 weeks, at Monticello they’re grown up a sturdy 10-ft. seeds) $2.50 scrub off discolored areas. If desired, wax and tall wooden arbor. #54503 Pkt (3 g, ~20 seeds) shine to a luster. $2.75 Verona Red Radicchio ® 6 85 days. [Named for the Luffa OG S ® 6 (Vege- Italian region where it originated.] Ornamental table Sponge, Dishcloth Beautiful red leaves and white Gourd) (Luffa cylindrica) stalks. Zesty flavor develops Gourds 65 days for edible fruits, best in cool weather. Normally African Drum Gourd OG 150 days for sponges. The planted in mid-summer for fall S ® 6 140 days. [Origi- young gourds are edible harvest, can withstand light frosts. Verona Red nal seedstock from Suzanne and make a great zucchini #61602 Pkt (1 g, ~450 seeds) Radicchio Ashworth.] Huge 18-22 substitute. Best eaten at $2.50 in. gourds with thick walls African 1 in. diameter or less. (5/8 in. in good condi- Mature, dark green 14-24 New! Wild Garden II Chicory Mix OG S tions). Round to slightly in. fruits may be retted Luffa ® [Frank Morton] A rainbow mix of different teardrop-shaped. A standout for downy mildew (soaked in water to soften chicories, now with even more leaf shapes and resistance in Common Wealth Seed Growers’ while the soft tissue breaks down). Once retting colors – add some great color to your fall salads! 2015 gourd trial, but in other years it’s shown is complete, they are cleaned and ready to use as #61952 Pkt (0.5 g, ~350 seeds) $2.75 some DM susceptibility. #54110 Pkt (4 g, ~11 sponges or filters. Vines have pretty, bright yel- seeds) $3.50 low flowers. #54501 Pkt (3 g, ~20 seeds) $2.75 Chinese Cabbage Birdhouse Gourd, Bradshaw’s OG S ® 6 95 Luffa, Ridged OG S ® 6 (Chinese Vining & Asian Greens Brassica rapa days. For over 50 years, Dr. David Bradshaw has Okra, Ridge Gourd) (Luffa been selecting the stron- acutangula) 76 days for Culture: Heading types are grown similarly to gest and best-shaped edible fruits, 135 days for cabbage. If grown in spring, plant as early as gourds for Purple Mar- sponges. Harvest the long, possible, as mature heads will rot in summer tin (Progne subis subis) angular fruits for edible fruits heat. Looseleaf types are grown similarly to birdhouses. This species, when tender and young, at collards or kale. Pak Choi is usually harvested the largest American about 1¼–1½ in. × 6–14 in, as small heads but may be harvested by the leaf. swallow, suffered a picking every 2–3 days. Use Seed Savers: Crosses with mustard greens, broc- population crash in the as a substitute for summer coli raab, turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). Isolate by a minimum of 600 ft. to 1/8 mile for 20th Century due to squash or okra. Fruits are Ridged the spread of European attractive sliced and do not home use, or by ¼–½ mile for pure seed. Pack- Bradshaw’s Starlings, and the birds have the bitterness of smooth et: 2 g (~625 seeds) Birdhouse now rely on humans luffas. For sponges or dish cloths, allow fruits to for nesting houses. It mature to full size, 18–30 in., then ret. Vigorous Pak Choi (Bok Choy) is thought that without our assistance, Purple vines are best trellised. #54505 Pkt (3 g, ~18 Back! Prize Choi OG S ® 6(B. rapa chinensis) Martins would be in danger of extinction. seeds) $2.75 50 days. Quick-growing heirloom makes Monitor your birdhouses to prevent take-over excellent baby greens and grows from seed to a by aggressive, non-native birds. Purple Martins hearty 2-lb head in 7 weeks. Dark green leaves eat mosquitoes and many other insect pests. The and crunchy tasty bright white stems. Good in sprawling plants produce up to 12 gourds each. 2 Greens 2 kimchi. Also savory Packets come with Dr. Bradshaw’s instructions steamed, stir fried or for building birdhouse condominiums. #54109 Arugula (Roquette) braised. Did great Pkt (3 g, ~22 seeds) $2.95 Eruca sativa in our spring 2017 Culture: Arugula is a cool-weather crop Asian green trials, Bushel Gourd ® 130 that requires loose, rich, moist soil. Sow and it’s even more pro- days. It is not unusual for seeds in the spring as soon as the soil can ductive when planted for these gourds to grow to be worked, with successive sowings 3–4 weeks fall harvest. Pkt #22507 over the size of a bushel, apart. Sow ¼ in. deep, 1 in. apart, in rows 8–12 $2.75; #22507E (28 g) Prize especially if you trim them in. apart, thinning to 4–6 in. apart. Packet: 1.5 g $9.50 to 1 fruit per plant. Needs unless stated (about 750 seeds, sows 30 ft.). White-Stemmed Pak Choi ® (B. rapa a long season to mature – Arugula 40 days. Distinctive, sharp, peppery OG plant as early as possible. OG chinensis) 45 days. Tender, light green, leaves are best harvested when 2–3 in. long. A nice spoon-shaped leaves with thick, white Slate gray gourds make ex- accent for mixed salads. Greens past their prime cellent baskets when dried, ribs. 14–18 in. tall. Crisp and mild, may be lightly steamed with other greens such great for Asian cooking. Stems as their shells are stronger as mustard or turnip greens, or used in creamed #54107 make a good celery substitute. than other gourds. Bushel soups. #64101 Pkt $2.50; #64101C (7 g) $4.50; Pkt (3 g, ~8 seeds) $2.75 #64101E (28 g) $5.50 Cold-resistant, extended harvests. #22504 Pkt $2.50 White- Stemmed 22 Gourds, Greens www.SouthernExposure.com Heading types pink-red flowers. Culture is similar to the closely Collards arly ozaki S ® E N 60 days. related Callaloo. For continuous harvest, plant Brassica oleracea var. acephala (B. rapa pekinensis) Quick to every 2-4 weeks. Seed grown and stewarded by produce barrel-shaped heads, Rushdat Hale in Lexington, SC. #33101 Pkt Culture: Kale and collards are members of and slower to bolt than other $2.75 the cabbage family, and have similar cultural Chinese cabbage in our trials. requirements (See Cabbage section). They Wide, flat, succulent midribs. Jewels of Opar are both forms of non-heading cabbage and Tender and pleasant in Early Jewels of Opar OG S ® 6 (Fame flower) are among the earliest forms of cultivated salads, stir-fries and ferments. (Talinum paniculatum) 35 days. Purslane relative cabbage. Both are exceptionally high in iron #22506 Pkt $2.75 with elegant panicles of 3/8 in. pink flowers. Mild and in vitamins A and C. Collards are more leaves are succulent, light green, and eye-catch- heat-tolerant than cabbage and are usually Michihili (B. rapa pekinensis) 73 days. [1948.] ing. Great in salads, on sandwiches, and as a winter-hardy from Virginia southward. Kale is Popular variety. Large, upright, well-blanched spinach substitute. Also has medicinal uses. The best grown as a spring, fall, or winter vegetable. heads (4 × 18 in.) wrapped with dark-green seedstalks are attractive in dried arrangements The taste of both kale and collards is sweetened leaves. Flavor is sweet and mild. Sow – seedpods dry down through shades of orange, and enhanced by frosts and cool temperatures. in early July for fall harvest. red, brown, gold, and grey. 2–3 ft. tall plants Cooking Notes: Kale and collards are best #22502 Pkt $2.50 can reach 3 ft. cooked, but young greens grown in cool weather wide. Grows are good in salads. Onions, garlic, pork fat, and Looseleaf types in sun or part vinegar all complement collards. Harvest: Clip Tokyo Bekana OG ® shade; tolerates individual leaves before they are 12 in. long. (B. rapa chinensis) 44 poor soil. Old leaves become tough and stringy. Diseases days. Great salad green – Native to parts and Pests: See cabbage section. Cabbage worms fast-growing plants make of the South and can be controlled with bT. Pick harlequin bugs enormous loose heads the Caribbean. off spring-sown crops or start new crops in late of light green, ruffled Tokyo summer. Seed Savers: See Broccoli section. Bekana Perennial in zones leaves. Very mild – almost 8 and up. Self- Jewels of Opar Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated (about 625 lettuce-like in flavor – with sows readily; may seeds) sows 55 ft. direct seeded or 230 ft. as good frost tolerance. Now being naturalize. #34201 Pkt (0.15 g, ~470 seeds) transplants. grown and eaten on the Internation- $2.75 al Space Station! #22505 Pkt $2.75 Alabama Blue S ® 6 75 Orach days. [Alabama heirloom, Magenta Magic OG S (Atriplex hortensis) The original seedstock from Jean Unusual Heat-Tolerant deepest, darkest red of all the orach varieties Mills. Introduced 2015 available, a lively addition to any salad. Picked by SESE.] Landrace with Greens for young it is tender, and many growers use it wide variation in beautiful Summer Salads in their mesclun mixes. Slightly spicy upright leaf colors. Green, blue- growing plant holds its flavor even as the plants green, and purple leaves Amaranth Greens mature in summer heat. (Culture: Direct seed with white, pale green, at 2 in. spacing after frost for summer and fall and plum-colored veins. allaloo S ® 6 C OG (Amaranthus viridis) harvest. Thin to 9 in., harvesting thinnings.) Smaller leaves than most [Jamaican variety, via Melissa #59101 Pkt (0.5 g, ~60 seeds) $2.75 collards; plants can be Alabama Blue DeSa in FL.] Tasty, quick more closely spaced. The growing, self sowing hot Summer Spinach leaves are more tender and faster to cook, and weather greens popular New Zealand ® 6 (Tetragonia expansa) 62 the plants hold their sweetness longer in hot throughout the African weather. Blue-leaved collards have become rare, diaspora, as well as in Asian days. [Introduced from New Zealand in 1772.] A heat- and drought-tolerant we hope to get more folks growing these again! cuisines. The abundant leaves #24114 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 are usually eaten cooked, and spinach substitute with soil requirements similar are sometimes referred to as Champion OG S ® 75 days. Chinese spinach. The upright Callaloo to spinach. Greens are best cooked. Seed should be [VA/AES.] A Vates type collard branched plants can reach with increased bolt-resistance, 6-8 ft. tall in favorable conditions. Cucumber soaked 4–24 hours before planting to speed germi- darker blue-green foliage, and beetles chew some holes in the leaves, but enhanced winter hardiness. seldom slow down growth. Culture: after last nation. #68601 Pkt (6 g, New ~66 seeds) $2.50 Non-heading and productive. frost, sow or transplant 3-week-old seedlings. #24105 Pkt $2.75; #24105E For continuous harvest, plant every 2-4 weeks. Champion ed alabar ® 6 (28 g) $8.50 Space plants up to 18 in. apart. Harvest before R M (Basella alba var. rubra) 70 days. These Asian greens are a great summer plants flower. Self-sows. Callaloo is tolerant of Georgia Green OG ® 6 poor soil, root knot nematodes, and bacteri- substitute for spinach. The fleshy leaves and stems are high in vitamins A (Georgia Southern, Cre- al wilt – good greens for almost any garden! ole) [Pre-1880.] Especially #33121 Pkt $2.75 and C. Excellent for salads, stir fries, and valuable variety for the Celosia Greens thickening summer sandy soil of the Atlantic soups. Germination coast and in places where okoyokoto frican pinach S ® 6 S A S OG (Ce- is slow (10+ days at it is difficult to grow losia argentea) Traditional greens throughout 80°F) so plant extra, cabbage successfully. It is western and central or start indoors 3–6 Red resistant to heat and frost, Africa; the most weeks before trans- and grows well on poor widely eaten greens in soil. The open, loose heads planting. Grows best Georgia Green Nigeria. Leaves, ten- with trellising: a good technique is to plant next are best harvested after der stems, and young to pea trellises and let them take over as the peas frost when they are sweet flowers can all be used finish. Thin to 12–18 in. apart. Will re-grow even and tender. 36 in. tall plants. #24101 Pkt $2.75 like spinach. About Edible African if severely cut back. Self-sows readily. #68301 Pkt 50 days to making Celosia (1 g, ~42 seeds) $2.75 Collards continue on abundant, bright the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Greens 23 Collards continued. Variegated OG S ® 6 80 days. [Florida collards is hard to come by - many thanks to the family heirloom since ~1910. Seed originally via Coxes for sharing theirs! #24111 Pkt $2.75 Green Glaze S ® 6 79 days. [Introduced SESE grower 1820 by David Landreth.] Old-fashioned and Walt Childs. unique variety with smooth, bright green Introduced Collard Seed Savers Project leaves. Heat- and 1999 by SESE.] We are working with Seed Savers Exchange frost-resistant, Tender greens to learn more of the stories behind landrace slow-bolting and with good cold collards and to find stewards for these non-heading. hardiness; as varieties. Contact us to learn how you can 30-34 in. tall. Ex- the plants ex- get involved. cellent resistance perience colder www.heirloomcollards.org to cabbage worm and colder and cabbage weather, at least looper. Recom- half the plants’ mended especial- Green Glaze leaves become a Variegated ly for Southern beautiful green- and warm coastal and-white states. Thin out any dull-leaved off-type plants. #24102 Pkt $2.75; #24102D (14 g) $7.50 during the winter. In the South where the win- ter temperatures remain above 20°F, plants can live 5+ years and develop 3-4 in. diameter stems. en eck S ® 6 H P OG 72 days. [NC heirloom, #24106 Pkt $2.75; #24106D (14 g) $7.50 seed stock from Benny and Vickie Cox. Intro- duced 2015 by SESE.] Another great cabbage Vates ® 68 days. [VA/AES.] Slow-bolting collard variety from the Collard Shack. Tender, collard with large blue-green leaves on 32 in. mild greens. The unusual toothed leaf margins tall plants. Produces high-quality frost-resistant appear as if a bird had nibbled on them, hence greens especially suited to the Mid-Atlantic and the name. (Thin out any non-toothed offtype the South. #24104 Pkt $2.50 seedlings.) #24112 Pkt $2.75; #24112D (14 g) $7.50 Back! Yellow Whaley’s Favorite Cabbage Collards New! Nancy Malone S ® 6 75 days. Wheat Purple S ® New! Whaley’s Favorite Cabbage Collards 6 [NC heirloom, seed- 75 days. [Alabama stock from Benny and S ® 6An old timey variety. Flavor is milder family heirloom from Vickie Cox, owners than most collards, even in summer. Loose MacArthur Walter and of the famous Collard heads form in cooler weather and make excellent his wife Annie’s mother, Shack in Ayden, NC. collard kraut. This winter-hardy variety has Nancy Wheat.] Big Introduced 2015 by been featured on the PBS shows “A Chef’s Life” plants are 1½-2 ft tall SESE.] Milder and and “Somewhere South.” #24119 Pkt $2.75; and 3-3½ ft wide. Dark more tender than #24119D (14 g) $7.50 green tender sweet most collards, the leaves have purple veins yellow-tinted leaves Nancy Malone and stems. #24118 Pkt (1 g) $2.75 form a loose head. Seed for cabbage Yellow Cabbage Endive (Escarole) Cichorium endiva Culture: Endive is grown like lettuce and is Cress senstive to hot weather. Thin plants to 8–12 in. Culture: A quick growing cool-weath- apart in rows 18 in. apart. May be blanched in 3 er vegetable, cress has many forms. weeks by tying up the outer wrapper leaves, but Plant upland cress and curly cress in must remain dry inside the wrapper. Blanching late summer or early fall in moist but increases crispness, tenderness, and removes well-drained soil with plenty of organic bitterness caused by hot weather. For prolonged matter. Broadcast seed (or plant in rows harvest, dig plants in late fall with root ball 7 in. apart) and cover very lightly with intact and store at about 50°F in a root cellar. soil or compost. Seed can take 2 weeks Belle Curly Cress Watercress to emerge. old favorite. As easy to grow as spinach indoors Belle Isle OG S ® 6 (Upland Cress) or out. #71217 Pkt (2 g, ~1250 seeds) $2.50 (Barbarea verna) 50 days. [17th c. Portuguese sailors shipwrecked on Canada’s Belle Isle survived Curly Cress ® 6 (Garden Cress) (Lepidium the winter thanks to these greens.] A traditional sativum) 30 days. Use the young leaves of this winter green across the Mountain South. Dark mustard family member for adding zing to green leaves are high in vitamin C. Transplant salads. #71218 Pkt (2 g, ~1330 seeds) $2.50 or sow anytime, but best sown in late sum- Endive, sliced in mer for winter greens. The Watercress OG ® 6 (Nasturtium officinale) half to show blanched yellow blossoms help nourish Best sown spring through mid-summer. Rich ladybugs, syrphids, and other in vitamins and used in salads for mustard-like beneficial insects. #71307 Pkt flavor. Transplant to a cool stream of pure clean Broad-Leaved Batavian ® 6 (Full Heart (1.5 g, ~930 seeds) $2.75 water or grow in pots and add fresh water daily. Escarole) 90 days. [1934. AAS winner.] Large, Can also be grown in trays with just enough broad, dark-green outer leaves enclose round, Creasy Greens ® 6 (Up- water to float the crowns. Needs partial shade in deep 12–16 in. heads which are well-blanched, land Cress, Winter Cress) hot weather. #71219 Pkt (0.5 g, ~2740 seeds) creamy-white, and buttery. #61101 Pkt (1 g, Creasy Greens (Barbarea verna) 50 days. An $2.75 ~600 seeds) $2.50 24 Greens www.SouthernExposure.com Kale Brassica oleracea & Brassica napus Premier ® 60 days. When Vates S ® 55 days. over-wintered, the vigorous [Selected from ‘Dwarf Culture: A member of the cabbage family with plants remain compact while Blue Curled Scotch’ by similar cultural requirements to collards and developing new growing points the VA/AES.] Planted cabbage (see Collards section). Seed Savers: on the main stem. This results in spring or fall. Brassica napus crosses with rutabaga and some higher leaf production for spring Overwinters well in rapeseed (canola). For Brassica oleracea, see harvest. Plants resist bolting 3–4 the Mid-Atlantic. Broccoli section. Packet: 2 g unless otherwise weeks longer. Smooth, exception- Premier Resistant to yellow- stated (about 625 seeds) sows 55 ft. direct ally tender dark green leaves have ing due to frost or seeded or 230 ft. as transplants. scalloped edges. #25105 Pkt $2.50 heat. Very flavorful, Vates best when steamed, Lacinato OG S ® 6 60 Red Russian OG ® good in salads. #25101 Pkt $2.75; #25101E days. Dark green heir- (B. napus) 40 days. (28 g) $6.50 loom kale from Tuscany Beautiful plants that dates back to the grow 2 ft. tall. Mild, White Russian OG S ® (B. napus) [Bred by 1700s. Sometimes called tender leaves have Frank Morton of Wild “dinosaur kale,” Italians purple-pink veins Garden Seed.] call it “cavolo lacinato,” lightly tinged with Green with white or curly kale. It is sweet purple on the mar- veins, tasty tender and delicious and so Lacinato gins. In cold weather greens are similar hardy it can be harvested the leaves turn red- to Red Russian, under a foot of snow. dish-purple and are Red Russian but taller, more #25106 Pkt $2.75; #25106E (28 g) $9.50 very attractive. Less cold-hardy, and cold-hardy (15°F) overwintered Lacinato Rainbow Mix than most kales. #25102 Pkt $2.50; #25102E plants last longer. OG S ® [Bred by Frank (28 g) $5.50 Great wet soil Morton of Wild Garden tolerance, even Seed, Lacinato crossed Siberian OG S ® surviving flood- with Redbor hybrid kale.] (B. napus var. pabu- ing. #25113 Pkt White Lacinato’s treasured taste, laria) 55 days. Good plus many shades of red basic kale, 24–30 and purple in the stems in. tall, tender leaves Horned Mustard OG S ® 41 days. As the and leaves. As with other Lacinato are light green and lightly frilled, bright green leaves grow, a small red-tinted greens, color is Rainbow Mix ruffled, thick white horn emerges from the stem. The tender leaves most vivid in cool weath- stems. #25108 Pkt are spicy when raw but mild when cooked. er. Now extra-cold-hardy -- the 2014 seed crop $2.75; #25108E Texas grower Tim Miller grows this mustard fall went through a -6°F freeze, and seed was saved Siberian (28 g) $8.50 through spring in his hot climate. #27110 Pkt from the plants that survived! #25109 Pkt (1.5 $2.75 g, ~450 seeds) 2.75; #25109D (14 g) $7.25 Early Mizuna OG Old Fashioned Ragged (B. rapa japonica) Edge ® 6 42 days. An old Mustard Greens 37 days. Extremely favorite that produces fine Brassica juncea & Brassica rapa mild, yet defnitely a quality salad greens. Leaves are mustard flavor. Tastes long, narrow, deeply cut, and Culture: This nutritious cool weather crop great in salads even ruffled. A popular mustard in shares cultural requirements with members of for those that dislike Virginia and the Carolinas. the cabbage family. (See Cabbage section.) Di- the spiciness often Though it bolts early, it has Old rect sow ¼ in. deep in spring, summer, and early associated with raw the best flavor. #27101 Pkt Fashioned Ragged fall. Thin to 8–12 in. apart in rows 10–12 in. mustards. Also an ex- $2.50 apart. Keep well watered. Seed Savers: Brassica cellent cooking green. rapa crosses with Chinese cabbage, broccoli Delicate, frilly greens Red Giant OG ® (B. juncea) 43 raab, turnips, and some rapeseed (canola). are frost tender, so not days. A beautiful mustard from Isolate by a minimum of 600 ft. to 1/8 mile for recommended for late Early Mizuna Japan, Red Giant has well-sa- home use. For pure seed isolate varieties by fall crops. #27104 voyed leaves, predominately ¼–½ mile. Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated Pkt $2.50; #27104E reddish-purple with an under- (1050 seeds) sows 90 ft. (28 g) $5.75 coat of deep green. Good cold tolerance and strong mustard Carolina Broadleaf OG New! Feaster Family Heirloom S ®6[Grown flavor. More insect-resistant S ® 42 days. [2015, by the Feaster family in Shiloh, FL for many than other varieties. #27102 Mark Farnham & Pat generations on their Florida Pioneer Family Farm. Pkt $2.75 Red Wechter, ARS/USDA. Thanks to Working Food and Jerome Feaster for the Introduced 2017 by SESE.] seed!] Broad, pale green, smooth leaves can get Ruby Streaks OG ® Old favorite “Florida quite enormous, reaching 2 ft. tall. The leaves 40 days. Beautiful, Broadleaf” mustard is now have a nice spicy bite that Feaster Family lacy, deeply serrated having big problems with sweeten when they cook, Heirloom leaves are purple in a new bacterial blight, so and a large crunchy and cold weather, purple Carolina breeders have juicy mid-rib. Grows and green in warm come to the rescue and Carolina well year-round in weather. They have just added needed resistance! north Florida, but does the right kind of spici- Ruby 16-24 in. tall plants, green best during the cooler ness and add a great leaves, pick ‘em small for salads, or larger for months there when it’s touch to salads. Good cooking. #27112 Pkt $2.75; #27112E (28 g) greens season. #27114 in stir-fries as well. #27111 Pkt (2 g) $2.75 $6.50; #27112F (1 lb) $16.25 Pkt $2.75; #27114D Mustard Greens continue (14 g) $6.50 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Greens 25 Mustard Greens continued as aphid control is easier due to its wide straight Long Standing leaves. Less cold-hardy than curly types. #37101 Bloomsdale OG Southern Giant Pkt $2.50; #37101E (28 g) $5.50 S ® 6 42 days. Curled OG ® 6 (B. [Pre-1915.] A juncea) 45 days. [Pre- Moss Curled fully-savoyed or 1880.] An old Southern OG ® 6 70–85 crinkled variety with favorite. Leaves are days. [Pre-1865.] dark green leaves. Long-Standing large, bright green, with Vigorous, Most heat-tolerant attractively curled leaf high-yielding, variety we offer, very edges. This variety is used and very dependable, and the most full-flavored variety for late sowings, has cold uniform. Dark for salad use. Has withstood winter lows to 0°F. Southern tolerance, and good bolt- green leaves are #67102 Pkt $2.75; #67102E (28 g) $7.25 ing resistance. #27103 so thickly curled Giant Curled Moss Pkt $2.50 that this parsley Winter Bloomsdale resembles moss. S ® 6 OG Tatsoi OG ® (B. rapa na- #37103 Pkt $2.50; #37103E (28 g) $5.50 47 days. Adapted rinosa) 43 days. Rosettes for late summer and of thick, dark green, early fall plantings and oval-shaped leaves with Spinach overwintering. The mild mustard flavor. The Spinacea oleracea slow-bolting plants are most cold-hardy (22°F) For “Summer Spinach,” see page 23 resistant to blue mold, commonly available blight, and mosaic. mustard. Very attractive, Culture: Spinach does well with a combination Dark green, well-sa- good for all seasons, and of cool weather, short days, high soil fertility, voyed leaves. #67103 Winter long-lasting. Excellent ample water, and neutral pH (6.5–7.5). Sprinkle Pkt $2.75 Tatsoi for stir-fry or salads. some limestone in the row as you plant if you #22601 Pkt $2.75 think the soil is too acidic. Sow seed ½ in. deep directly into the garden as soon as the ground Swiss Chard Yukina Savoy OG S ® can be worked, and thin to 4–6 in. apart in rows Beta vulgaris var. cicla (B. rapa pekinensis) Dark 8–10 in. apart. Succession plantings can be made A few plants of Swiss chard will provide a large green, highly savoyed, every 2 weeks. Temperatures above 60°F for the supply of greens throughout the spring, summer, Yukina spoon-shaped leaves, like first 6 weeks of growth may increase the tendency and fall. Can withstand light frosts; mulching a larger version of Tatsoi, to bolt. Mulch the soil to reduce bolting by keep- around plants may help plants overwinter in with stems similar to ing the roots cool. As spring heats up plants get areas with mild winters. Planted from early to Pak Choi. Pleasant, mild smaller and less sweet and bolt faster. Fall Plant- late spring, or again in the fall. Culture: Sow flavor, and good heat ing: High summer temperatures can kill small seeds ½ to 3/4 in. deep and thin to 12–16 in. Yukina Savoy tolerance. #27113 Pkt seedlings, so wait until a month before first fall apart. Harvest: Clip off leaves near the base of $2.75 frost to sow. Fall plantings give a more sustained the plant. Cooking: Excellent when stir-fried, or harvest than spring plantings. Spinach grown used in creamed soups or quiche. Freezes well. in frosty weather has the largest and sweetest Greenhouse Notes: Swiss chard is an ideal plant Parsley leaves. Some varieties tolerate 0°F and over-win- for greenhouses, where it may be grown as a Petroselinum crispum ter to produce excellent spring crops. Pests: For perennial. Pests: In the Southeast, blister beetles Culture: Parsley seed germinates very slowly, fall crops, sow seed 2–3 times as thick to help may attack chard in mid-summer. Pick off bee- requiring 3–4 weeks, and so is best started spinach survive grasshoppers. Seed Savers: Grow tles (wear gloves!), or pull up plants and wait to indoors. It can be sown directly outside in early only one variety or isolate by ¼ mile for home replant for fall. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by spring before weeds are growing fast: sow seeds use. For pure seed isolate by ½–1 mile. Packet: 5 a minimum of ¼ mile for home use. For pure ¼ in. deep, and thin to 6–12 in. Keep well g (about 475 seeds) sows 40 ft. seed isolate by ½–1 watered. Soaking seed in water for 24 hours mile. Will cross readily will speed germination. Mark location with with beets. Packet: 4 g radish seed. (Fast germination procedure: Plant (about 200 seeds) sows seed in a small flat of soil or planting medium. 25 ft. Place flat in a zip-lock bag, and freeze for 12–24 hours. Remove from freezer and keep moist Barese ® 25 days for until seed begins to germinate.) Pests: Voles can baby greens/50 days for eat parsley roots. We often do a 2nd planting in mature leaves. [Italy] Barese late summer to replace any plants lost to voles. Barese’s white stems Seed Savers: Isolate by a minimum of ¼ mile and glossy green leaves for home use. For pure seed isolate by ½ to 1 are smaller, sweeter, and more tender than typi- mile. Packet: 2 g (appox. 900–1350 cal Swiss chards. Overwintered well in our 2016 seeds, depending on variety) sows trials. #32103 Pkt $2.75 35–70 ft. Abundant New! Fordhook Giant OG ® 650 days. [1924] Reliable heirloom – big vigorous plants, Dark Green Ital- Abundant Bloomsdale OG S ® 47 days. big white stems, big dark green leaves! #32104 ian OG ® 6 (Plain Sweet, tender, bolt-resistant, and bred for Pkt $2.50; #32104E (28 g) $5.50 Leaf) (var. neapolitanum) organic farmers. Savoyed, dark green leaves held 78 days. [Introduced by on upright stems. Bred by the Organic Seed Lucullus ® 6 1807.] Plain in appear- Alliance (OSA) in partnership with organic Lucullus 50 days. [~1914. ance but fancy in taste, farmers. Named after the Abundant Life Named after the this celery-leaf parsley Dark Green Farm where this breeding project started Roman general is the best-flavored Italian in 2002. We give 10% of your purchase Lucius Lucullus variety. Excellent for price to the Organic Seed Alliance (pronounced “lu- dried parsley. Good to support their breeding programs. kyul-us”) who was greenhouse variety, #67107 Pkt $2.95; #67107E (28 g) $7.50 26 Greens renowned for his splendid banquets.] Large, pale have shown it to be slightly more resistant to the green leaves with thick white stems and heavily cabbage worm. #26101 Pkt $2.50 Lettuce crumpled leaves. #32101 Pkt $2.50 Lactuca sativa Gigant Winter ® 6 130 days. [Czechoslovaki- Culture: Lettuce is a cool-weather crop that Perpetual Spinach ® an heirloom reselected by E. M. Meader at UNH. 6 (Leaf Beet Chard) 55 Introduced 1989 by SESE.] Excellent for winter thrives in the temperature range 60–65°F, and if days [European heirloom, storage, and can remain in the garden all winter thoroughly hardened, most varieties survive tem- 1869.] Smooth dark green in warmer areas, especially if protected with peratures as low as 20°F. Cold-adapted varieties leaves with slender stalks, mulch. Typically grows 8–10 in. in diameter, survive even lower temperatures. Seed germinates best at about 75°F. Lettuce seed will germinate milder than other chards. yet remains tender. Has grown up to 62 lbs, but o Produces tasty greens all 15–20 lbs is more at temperatures as low as 40 F. Early spring Perpetual summer and late into the normal. Used fresh plantings should be made as hardened transplants fall. An excellent no-fuss or cooked at any from seed started one month before setting warm weather substitute size from small to outdoors. Later plantings can be direct-seeded. for spinach in the Southeast. (It won’t be as large. Leaves of large Sow seed ¼ in. deep and thin to 10–16 in. apart sweet as spinach grown in cool weather, but still, plants can be eaten depending on the variety. Loose-leaf varieties may we’re glad to have this one around for like kale. Resistant be planted more closely but good air circulation summer greens!) #32301 Pkt $2.75 to root maggots. should be maintained around the plants. Soil #26201 Pkt should be cool and moist during germination. Germination Notes: At temperature over 80°F Rainbow ® (Five Color $2.95 Gigant Winter lettuce will often fail to germinate. Lettuce can be Silverbeet) 60 days. Original- Rainbow ly from Australia, a multi- planted during hot weather if the seeds are ger- colored rainbow of plants in minated in the refrigerator for 4–6 days. Another shades of red, orange, pink, yellow, Leeks method is to soak seed in 10% bleach for 2 hours and creamy white. #32951 Pkt $2.75 at 40–60°F followed by 4 water rinses. This en- Allium ampeloprasum hances germination speed and quality. One more method is to keep soil cool with burlap or boards; Ruby Red OG ® (Rhubarb Chard) Leeks are biennial members of the onion 55 days. A beautiful addition to family grown for their delicate onion remove cover promptly after germination (3–4 Cultural Notes: days) to keep grasshoppers and other pests from any garden, worth growing for the flavor in soups and salads. Bolt Resistance: color alone. Culture of leeks is similar to that of onions, enjoying the tender sprouts! Foliage is dark green but leeks are easier to grow. (See Onion cultural Resistance to bolting is highest with loose-leaf on ruby red stalks. notes.) Sow seed indoors in flats 6–12 weeks lettuce, followed in order by romaine, butterhead, More frost-tolerant before setting out transplants 2–6 in. apart in bibb, and crisphead. Lettuce bolts more readily if than other chards, rows 18 in. apart. Leeks require loose, fertile exposed to temperatures below 50°F during the plants are especial- soil kept well watered through the growing 2- to 3-leaf stage (the first 3 weeks after germi- ly striking in cold season. Blanch stalks by hilling up soil around nation). Thus, early spring lettuce is best started weather. #32102 Pkt the stalks as they grow. Packet: 3 g (about 1100 indoors and transplanted out at least 3 weeks $2.50; #32102E (28 seeds) sows 40 ft. after sowing. Before the days become hot, mulch g) $5.50 direct-seeded or 120 ft. the plants to keep the root temperature cool. In as transplants. deep summer heat it’s difficult to mature quality Ruby Red lettuce – heads become smaller and less sweet ® – at that time of year, cucumber and tomato American Flag Harvest and Flavor Notes: (Broad London) salads are the easiest! Kohlrabi 130 The glucose content of lettuce harvested in the Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes days. The standard va- morning may be 2½ times greater than lettuce riety for home gardens. Kohlrabi is grown for its bulbous stem and harvested in the early afternoon. For best quality Stems average 1½ × and maximum sweetness harvest by 7–8 a.m., its leaves which can be eaten raw in salads or 8–10 in., well-blanched cooked. Kohlrabi stores very well when refrig- especially in summer. Greenhouse Note: Use from the base upward. heat-tolerant loose leaf or bibb types. Insect Pests erated. Culture: Grow kohlrabi in the spring or Good variety for over- fall since it does best in cool weather. Sow seed and Diseases: In the greenhouse, control aphids wintering, hardy to at by means of ladybugs, sticky yellow traps or by ¼ in. deep to be thinned to 5 in. apart in rows American Flag least 10°F. #66401 Pkt 12 in. apart. See Cabbage section for additional $2.50 insecticidal soap. Maintain good air circulation cultural notes. Harvest: When roots are 2 in. around plants to reduce disease. Maturity Dates: Dates are from direct seeding. Subtract 15–20 in diameter or smaller except as noted. Solar King Richard S ® OG 75 days. Early-maturing days for dates from transplanting. Seed Savers: Greenhouse Notes: Any variety of kohlrabi does leek. Slender and tall (1 × 12 in.). Best for sum- well in the solar greenhouse in the spring, fall, Isolate varieties by a minimum of 12 ft. for home mer and early fall – harvest before frosts drop use. For pure seed isolate varieties a minimum and winter. Purple varieties have more flavor, are below 20°F. #66402 Pkt $2.95 less susceptible to cracking of the bulb, and are of 25–50 ft. Packet: 0.5 g unless stated (about more insect tolerant, but grow more slowly. In- 400–625 seeds, depending on variety) sows 30 ft. sects and Disease: Fairly resistant to insects and direct-seeded or 175 ft. as transplants. disease. Cabbage worms can be controlled with Bt. Seed Savers: See Broccoli section. Lettuce Mix Packet: 4 g unless Wild Garden Lettuce Mix OG S ® More stated (about 1275 King than 60 different varieties of lettuce from Wild seeds) sows 135 ft. Garden Seeds – a huge variety of colors, shapes, sizes, and textures, all together in one packet! Instant diversity for salad mixes or for garden- Early Purple King Sieg S ® 84 days. [Stable cross of Instant diversity for salad mixes or for garden- OG #62951 Pkt $2.75; Vienna ® 6 60 King Richard and Siegfried, from grower Beth ers wanting to try it all. #62951 Pkt $2.75; days. [Pre-1860.] Rathgorshek.] Short, thick shanks (3 x 6 in.) with #62951C (7 g) $6.25 More flavorful and blue-green leaves. Good slightly larger than variety for overwinter- White Vienna, and Early Purple Vienna ing. #66403 Pkt $2.75; Lettuce continues our garden trials #66403D (14 g) $7.75 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA CertifiedGreens, Organic Kohlrabi, Leeks, Lettuce 27 Susan’s Red Bibb Bibb (Butterhead) Lettuce Extend Your Lettuce Season: OG S 660 days. Begin lettuce Bibb lettuce is more tolerant of hot weather than The most attractive production early and keep it going later in crisphead lettuce. It is best for cooler regions, with variety in our heir- the season by covering plants with a row some notable exceptions. Intermediate in nutri- loom lettuce trials. cover blanket (p. 80). Extend your harvest tional value, it has small loose green heads with Ruffled, bitter-free into early summer with this technique: plant blanched yellow interiors and thin, soft-textured leaves. red bibb has large tall vegetables in east-west rows and plant tender leaves with heat-resistant lettuce in the shade of the north side of the rows. Corn planted in rows Buttercrunch ® 55 rosy-red margins. OG 4 ft. apart or pole beans on a fence or trellis days. [1963, AAS win- Color is beautiful in Susan’s Red Bibb ner.] A reliable variety salads. #62306 Pkt is ideal. Interplanting lettuce with bush $2.50 squash also gives good results. Mulch the for garden, market, and greenhouse use. Dark lettuce well, keep well watered, and enjoy! green leaves and compact Tom Thumb OG 6 48 days. [Pre-1850.] heads. Holds well under Space-saving miniature Jericho OG S ® heat and stress, good bolt butterhead. Apple-sized 60 days. [Israeli resistance. #62302 Pkt head can be used whole introduction.] Bred $2.50; #62302C (7 g) in individual salads. for desert heat, $5.50 Buttercrunch Tender leaves are Jericho thrives in medium-green and our hot summers. Capitan OG S ® 62 days. This Dutch variety crumpled. Popular The tall (24 in.), was judged the best Boston-type lettuce in the in some restaurants. Tom Thumb heavy, light-green 1983 Rodale Research Center #62307 Pkt $2.75 heads retain their trials. Excellent heat and sweetness even cold tolerance plus resistance Yugoslavian Red Butterhead OG S 658 when other lettuces to lettuce mosaic virus. 5 days. [Heirloom from a peasant family in Mar- have gone bitter. Jericho oz loose, light green heads. burg, Yugoslavia (now Slovenia). Introduced 1987 Good tipburn Nice buttery flavor. Recom- by SESE.] Red-tinged leaves form heads 10 in. resistance, A favorite among market growers. mended with consistent high across. The interi- #62706 Pkt $2.50 praise from our customers, or leaves are quite one of our personal favor- pretty: creamy Kalura OG S ® Capitan ites. #62303 Pkt $2.50; yellow-green 57 days. This tall, #62303C (7 g) $5.50 dappled with red. heavy, open headed Succulent with romaine has great Crawford OG S ® 6 57 days. [TX heirloom, a buttery flavor. flavor. Resists heat brought from OK by Marshall Crawford’s family.] #62308 Pkt and tip burn almost A Texas favorite, famous for fast growth, great $2.50 as well as Jericho. flavor, and heat resistance. Green bibb, slightly Yugoslavian Pam Dawling, author savoyed, with some red/brown on the leaf edges. Kalura of Sustainable Market In Texas it’s planted in the fall and winter. Here Farming, praises it for in Virginia, it holds up well in summer heat and Romaine (Cos) Lettuce its flavor, texture and large heads. #62708 Pkt also winter cold. A favorite of SESE founder Jeff $2.50; #62708C (7 g) $5.75 McCormack. #62710 Pkt $2.50; #62710C (7 Romaine lettuce produces upright, elongated tall g) $5.50 heads with thick succulent ribs and distinctively flavored long thick crinkled Schweitzer’s Mescher Bibb OG S 650 days. leaves. Moderately tolerant of heat and shade, [1700s. Introduced 1986 by SESE. Brought to romaine does best in a loose fertile soil, and is the the U.S. from Austria in the early 1900s and most nutritious type of lettuce. since maintained as a Schweitzer family Cosmo OG S ® 55 days. heirloom.] Best grown 12 in. tall heads have in cool weather, forms vibrant green, broad, small tight crisp heads savoyed leaves that are Mayan of green leaves ringed crisp and sweet. Stays with red. Excellent bitter-free longer than Mayan Jaguar OG S 61 days. The heaviest flavor and appear- many other varieties. yielder in our 2017 lettuce trials. Crunchy, dark ance. #62305 Pkt Schweitzer’s Mescher One of our favorites. green leaves with bold, dark red splotches. Up- $2.50 #62701 Pkt $2.50; right heads reduce splashback of soil onto leaves. #62701C (7 g) $5.50 Attractive pink hearts. Slow to bolt. Bred by Speckled Bibb OG Frank Morton. #62711 Pkt $2.75 S ® 6 43 days. A great-tasting lettuce Cosmo Outredgeous OG S ® 64 for any season. days. [Bred by Frank Mor- Holds longer in the Forellenschluss OG 6 58 ton of Wild Garden Seed.] heat than Slobolt or days. Translated as “Speckled Intensely dark red, slightly Buttercrunch, yet Trout,” this Austrian lettuce ruffled leaves form loose still grows quickly has gorgeous green leaves heads. Chosen by NASA Speckled Bibb in cool weather. At- with maroon markings. for space farming – in tractive light green Crispy leaves with thick Aug. 2015, Outredgeous leaves are spotted midribs. Grows quickly in became the first vegetable with red dots. cold weather but will bolt to be grown and eaten on Crispy heads often in heat. Holds its excellent the International Space Outredgeous self-blanch in the center. #62309 Pkt $2.50; flavor even after it starts to Station! #62709 Pkt #62309C (7 g) $5.50 Forellenschluss bolt. #62705 Pkt $2.50 $2.50 28 Lettuce www.SouthernExposure.com Parris Island Cos Bronze Arrow Simpson Elite OG S ® 48 days. [1993] Holds OG ® 68 days. OG S 6 60 up to 30 days longer than ‘Black-Seeded Simp- [1952, named after days. [California son’ without bolting and with less tendency Parris Island, SC.] Heirloom.] Very to develop bitterness later in the season. An Parris Island Cos attractive large excellent variety that for years was only available has steadily gained oakleaf-shaped through a Monsanto subsidiary, but now back #62108 Pkt $2.50; in popularity since leaves with a red- Bronze in the public domain! Parris Island its introduction. dish-brown tips. #62108C (7 g) $5.50 It has resistance to High yields, cut tipburn, tolerance and come again, slow to bolt, delicious flavor. Slo-Bolt OG S ® 48 days. [1946.] “Grand to mosaic, and is medium-to-slow-bolting. #62803 Pkt $2.50 Rapids” type with good heat tolerance. Excellent A 2020 study identified it as one of the best choice for Southern gardens or greenhouse use. romaines for keeping fresh after leaves are cut. Deer Tongue OG S Leaves are bright green and ruffled. #62109 Pkt 10–12 in. heads of slightly savoyed leaves with ® 6 (Matchless) $2.50 a creamy white heart. #62702 Pkt $2.50; 54 days. Upright, #62702C (7 g) $5.50 loose heads with Sword Leaf OG S excellent sweet ® (Yu Mai Tsai) Rouge d’Hiver flavor and crisp 53 days. [Taiwan- OG ® 6 (Red texture. Has slightly ese.] This unusual Winter) 62 days. savoyed, triangular, lettuce has a robust, [French heirloom round-tipped leaves distinctive flavor with ca. 1840.] Red with a succulent hints of almond and and green leaves mid-rib. Moderate Deer clove. Uniquely long, with deep red tips, bolt resistance. One thin, pointed leaves. Rouge forms semi-open of our favorites. Sometimes used in romaine heads #62103 Pkt $2.50; #62103C (7 g) $5.50 cooking as well as Sword Leaf with good flavor. salads. #62114 Pkt Does best in cooler weather. We’ve had excellent Drunken Woman OG $2.50 quality overwintering it under row cover here S 55 days. Gorgeous in Virginia. #62707 Pkt $2.50; #62707C (7 g) bright green leaves with Thai Oakleaf OG S ® 39 days. [Introduced $5.50 ruffled – almost fringed 1988 by – edges in deep bronze. Thai SESE from Sweet Valentine OG S ® 55 days. Sweetest Crisp texture, very beau- a Thai lettuce we offer. Heads hold long into the heat tiful with sweet taste. breeding without bolting. The extremely deep-red leaves Slow to bolt. #62801 program.] are slightly smaller than other cos varieties. Pkt $2.50; #62801C (7 Selected to #62112 Pkt $2.50; #62112C (7 g) $5.50 g) $5.50; #62801E (28 Drunken Woman produce g) $15.25 excellent quality let- Red Sails OG tuce under 45 days. [1985. high heat. A AAS winner.] favorite of Early producer. hydroponics Slow to develop growers. bitterness when Resembles compared to Oakleaf, but red varieties, with larger, but average more tender, Red Sweet Valentine compared to and more upright leaves. Moderately slow to green ones. bolt. Distinctive, almond-like flavor. #62110 Crinkled leaves; maroon-red color intensifies as Pkt $2.50; #62110C (7 g) $5.50 leaves mature. #62107 Pkt $2.50; #62107C Loose-Leaf Lettuce (7 g) $5.50 Buttercos Lettuce Loose-leaf lettuce is a non-heading type of lettuce, Red Salad Bowl OG ® 55 days. Big, beautiful, second to romaine in nutritional value, and wine-red leaves, like Salad Bowl only red. Excel- Buttercos lettuce has the generally the easiest type for gardeners to grow. As lent fall variety. #62301 Pkt $2.50; #62301C characteristics of both bibb a group it is the most forgiving of poor soil, is gen- (7 g) $5.50 and romaine. erally more heat-tolerant, and contains the largest diversity of attractive heirlooms. Salad Bowl OG Winter Density OG S 40 days. [1952. ® 58 days. [English.] 8 Black-Seeded Simp- AAS winner.] in. heads are compact, son OG 6 49 days. Large looseleaf dense, and upright. A [~1850.] An old stan- lettuce with high-quality lettuce with dard and one of the long frilly leaves excellent cold tolerance. earliest loose-leaf types. arranged in a Does well for us in Good for early spring rosette. Tolerant greenhouse or garden. planting for the first to heat and tip- #62802 Pkt $2.50; lettuce of the season burn. One head #62802C (7 g) $5.50 Winter but quality declines in makes a salad. Black-Seeded heat or late plantings. #62502 Pkt Simpson Still a popular variety. $2.50 #62102 Pkt $2.50; Salad Lettuce continues #62102C (7 g) $5.50 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Lettuce 29 Crisphead & Mushrooms Muskmelon Batavian Lettuce Mushroom plug spawn is shipped 1-4 weeks after you Crisphead lettuce is the most popular type, appre- place your order, directly from Sharondale Farm, where it (Cantaloupe) ciated for its tightly folded blanched crisp leaves, is grown. U.S. shipping addresses only. We cannot apply Cucumis melo var. reticulatus though it’s less nutritious than other types. Because priority shipping and handling to mushrooms. it is harder to grow to perfection, we offer varieties Muskmelons include green-fleshed that are more adapted for hot regions. Crisphead Culture: Using mushroom plug spawn is easy. It can be and orange-fleshed melons, and are lettuce should be set out early in the season since hammered into logs for growing many woodland mush- often confused with cantaloupes. Anne it requires a long cool season. If heads have not rooms. Logs cut from healthy live dormant trees work best. Noir des Carmes is formed by late spring, shading with cheesecloth or Cut 3 to 8 inch wide logs to manageable lengths. Drill the only true screening is recommended. 5/16 in. holes about 1¼ in. deep in a diamond pattern into cantaloupe we the log. Space holes about 6-8 in. along the length of the carry. Culture: Anuenue OG S ® 50 log and about 1.5-2 in. around the diameter. Hammer Melons require a days. [1987, U. of Ha- mushroom spawn plugs into the holes and cover holes with loose, warm, waii. Anuenue is Ha- wax. Select a shady, humid spot. Place oyster, reishi, and sandy loam of waiian for “rainbow” lion’s mane logs directly on the ground where they will not pH 7 to reach (pronounced “ah-nu-ee- dry out. You can push mulch against the logs about half their full nu-ee”).] Seed is able the diameter deep to help retain moisture. Place shiitake potential. They to germinate at higher logs slightly above the ground, so the bark is not damaged will not thrive soil temperatures or rotted. Maintaining log moisture is the most important on soil below pH (above 80°F). Resem- job for the next 6-12 months. Water if the weather is dry 6, nor will they Anuenue bles a crisphead lettuce for extended periods. Seal and store unused plugs for a few thrive in peat, with bright glossy weeks in the refrigerator. muck, or heavy green leaves. Heat-tolerant and bolt-resistant. clay soil. An Recommended for all lettuce growing seasons. Lion’s Mane S ® (Hericium erina- even supply of #62506 Pkt $2.50; #62506C (7 g) $5.50 ceus) Distinctive flavor and texture water is necessary reminiscent of seafood. One of the through pollination and early Loma OG S ® 49 days. more exotic-looking mushrooms, yet fruit-set, and the soil should be well Small, dense heads with good native to Virginia forests. Fruits in the supplied with nutrient-rich compost. heat resistance. The crisp, summer on hardwood logs, including Seed Watering Notes: See Cucum- crunchy leaves are apple green Oak, Maple, Walnut and even that bers section. Direct Seeding: Once and frilly. A favorite of many pesky opportunist Ailanthus (Tree soil temperature averages 70°F sow market growers. #62509 Pkt of Heaven). Also goes by Pom Pom, seeds ½–3/4 in. deep, 1–2 in. apart, $2.50; #62509C (7 g) $5.75 Bearded Hedgehog, and Monkey’s in rows 5–6 ft. apart, thinning to Lion’s Mane Face. #75103A (100 plugs) $17.00; 12–18 in. apart. Transplanting: See Loma Pablo #75103B (500 plugs) $51.00 Cucumbers section. Harvest: When Batavian ripe, most varieties of melon slip OG S ® 60 days. Wine- JD Pearl Oyster S ® (Pleurotus from the vine in response to thumb red lettuce with hints of ostreatus) Native Pearl Oyster strain pressure at the base of the stem. Ripe deep green, beautiful as an named after a farmer who collected it melons also develop a sweet aroma. ornamental. Loose heads, in Virginia. Well-adapted to Central Flavor: Flavor development begins sweet flavor. #62111 Pkt Virginia’s climate, and has also been in the last two weeks before peak $2.50 Pablo Batavian grow successfully throughout the ripeness; knowledge of proper southeastern and northeastern US. This harvest time is important. Cool, wet, Sierra OG S ® 54 mushroom grows into beautiful creamy cloudy conditions may cause melons days. Open-headed colored clusters on Tulip Poplar (Lirio- to lose flavor. Diseases: Controlling batavian crisphead dendron tulipifera) and Tree of Heaven or preventing disease is not a with excellent resis- (Ailanthus altissima) logs. #75102A problem in every area or in every tance to bottom rot (100 plugs) $17.00; #75102B (500 JD Pearl Oyster year, but if you have problems with and tip-burn. Leaves plugs) $51.00 diseases it is best to rely on are glossy green with disease-resistant or -tolerant varieties. reddish veins. Grows Reishi S ® (Ganoderma Insect Pests: See Cucumbers in open fashion at first, lucidum) Known as the Chinese section. Animal Pests: Raccoons, forming a compact head Mushroom of Immortality groundhogs, and other critters love at maturity. Very tasty, because it’s an excellent immune melons. Fence off melons, or buy a crisp, and juicy. Holds modulator and helps your body supermarket melon and set out a well under high heat. adapt to environmental chal- trap in the melon patch before the Sierra #62503 Pkt $2.50 Reishi lenges. These powerful medicinal main crop is ready in order to catch properties are best extracted or relocate any critters. Greenhouse Tennis Ball OG ® 6 55 days. [Pre-1804. from Reishi by grinding the fruiting bodies, then decocting Notes: Mildew tolerance is Grown by Jefferson at Monticello.] Medium-sized in water or tincturing in alcohol. #75104A (100 plugs) important and pollination is Boston-type heads with light green leaves, yel- $17.00; #75104B (500 plugs) $51.00 necessary for fruit set. Soap sprays low-green at the base. Black-seeded. Best grown can be used to control mealybugs, as a spring lettuce. #62505 Pkt $2.50 Shiitake S ® (Lentinula edodes) Known whiteflies, and aphids, but foliage of for excellent flavor and medicinal the squash and melon family may be qualities. Earthy, hearty, and rich, they injured by soap. Test the spray on a pair well with other vegetables, in soups few leaves before spraying the entire or sauces, or substituted for meat. Our plant. Seed Savers: Isolate melons naturalized strain “Cismont” was collect- by a minimum of 1/8 mile for home ed on the farm and produces excellent use, or ½ to 1 mile for pure seed. mushrooms on oak, sweetgum, and Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated Tennis other hardwoods. #75101A (100 plugs) Shiitake (about 50–90 seeds, depending on $17.00; #75101B (500 plugs) $51.00 variety) sows 25–50 ft. 30 Lettuce, Mushrooms, Muskmelon www.SouthernExposure.com Golden Jenny S (Orange flesh) 85 days. true cantaloupe with sweet flavor. The 2–3 lb [1997, developed by Merlyn Niedens.] Retains ribbed fruits have a helpful ripeness indicator: many characteristics over 24–48 hours the greenish-black rinds of Jenny Lind but suddenly turn yellow and green, signalling their is more vigorous, readiness! #52123 Pkt $2.75; #52123D (14 g) compact, produc- $6.75 Muskmelons include green-fleshed tive, and fruits and orange-fleshed melons, and are have better insect Old Time Tennessee often confused with cantaloupes. Anne resistance. Merlyn’s OG S ® 6 (Salmon Noir des Carmes is plants produced flesh) 95 days. Large, the only true Anne Arundel OG S ® 6 (Green flesh) 80 over 40 fruits from oval-shaped fruits, cantaloupe we days. [Grown in Anne Arundel County, MD, just 2 hills in one 12–16 in. long, carry. Culture: of his gardens in average 12 lbs! Must as early as 1731.] The green outer flesh turns Golden Melons require a pale orange in the center. Large (4-9 lb.) oval, Illinois. Fruits weigh be harvested at peak loose, warm, slightly ridged, coarsely netted melons. The skin up to 3/4 lb and have ripeness (before full sandy loam of turns golden yellow when ripe. Very productive. a sweet orange flesh. #52105 Pkt $2.50 slip) and not a good pH 7 to reach #52120 Pkt $2.75; #52120D (14 g) $6.50 keeper, but flavor Old Time Tennessee their full Hales Best OG ® 6 can be outstanding. potential. They Delicious 51 PMR OG S (Orange flesh) 86 days. Some gardeners say there is no better melon will not thrive ® (Orange flesh) 77 days. [1924.] Sweet, juicy, 3–5 if you harvest at the right time. One gardener on soil below pH [Developed by Dr. Munger at lb. oval fruits, one of reports that the melons are so fragrant he can 6, nor will they Cornell as an early strain of the favorites at the Twin find them in the dark! Good downy mildew thrive in peat, Bender’s Surprise.] Creamy Oaks 2012 Melon Trials. resistance. #52107 Pkt $2.75 muck, or heavy orange flesh is sweet and Netted and moderately clay soil. An juicy, very flavorful. 2–3 lb. ribbed. Very vigorous, even supply of fruits are lightly netted and drought-resistant plants; water is necessary slightly ribbed. Pick on full powdery mildew resis- through pollination and early slip. Tolerant to Fusarium tant. #52104 Pkt $2.50 Hales Best fruit-set, and the soil should be well wilt (race 1). #52101 Pkt supplied with nutrient-rich compost. $2.75; #52101D (14 g) Ice Cream OG S ® Piel de Sapo Seed Watering Notes: See Cucum- $6.50 (Green Machine) (Green bers section. Direct Seeding: Once flesh) 79 days. [1998. Piel De Sapo S ® 6 (Toadskin) (White-yel- soil temperature averages 70°F sow Delicious Eden Gem OG ® 6 (Rocky Bred by Meryln Niedens, low flesh) 100 days. [Spanish heirloom.] Unique seeds ½–3/4 in. deep, 1–2 in. apart, Ford) (Green-orange flesh) 89 cross between ‘Jenny Lind’ storage melon with mottled dark-green and in rows 5–6 ft. apart, thinning to days. [1881.] Well known for and ‘Kansas.’] Melons yellow skin like a toad’s (hence “Toadskin”). The 12–18 in. apart. Transplanting: See its fine-grained texture and sweet flesh. 4–6 in. make a perfect bowl for a 5–7 lb. aromatic, sweet fruits with firm rinds Cucumbers section. Harvest: When fruits average 2–3 scoop of ice cream. Sweet store for several months. Include this variety in ripe, most varieties of melon slip lbs, are heavily netted 2 lb fruits on compact late melon plantings, then store in a cool place from the vine in response to thumb and slightly ribbed. vines, fruits slip the vine and enjoy as a winter treat. #52119 Pkt $2.50 pressure at the base of the stem. Ripe Highly resistant when ripe. Also known as melons also develop a sweet aroma. to rust, holds well, “Green Machine” for the Pike OG S ® 6 (Orange flesh) 85 days [1935, Flavor: Flavor development begins suited for garden large number of melons Aaron Pike of Pike & Young Seeds; seedstock in the last two weeks before peak or market. #52109 it makes! #52113 Pkt Ice Cream supplied by Aaron Pike’s niece.] Outstanding ripeness; knowledge of proper Pkt $2.75 Eden Gem $2.75 flavor; a local favorite, harvest time is important. Cool, wet, for many this is the cloudy conditions may cause melons Edisto 47 OG S ® (Salmon-orange flesh) 88 Kansas OG S ® 6 only muskmelon they’ll to lose flavor. Diseases: Controlling days. [1965, Clemson/AES.] Exceeds disease (Orange flesh) 90 days. grow. Bred specially for or preventing disease is not a resistance of many hybrid cantaloupes. Has Outstanding features growing in unirrigated problem in every area or in every resistance to Alternaria leaf spot, powdery include sweet flavor, fine clay soil. Produces 3 lb year, but if you have problems with mildew, and downy mildew. Well adapted to the texture, high production, fruits on unirrigated diseases it is best to rely on Mid-Atlantic region and hot, humid areas. The and hardiness. Ridged, clay, 7 lb fruits on good disease-resistant or -tolerant varieties. most downy mildew resistant and productive of oval-shaped fruits are irrigated soil. Heavily Insect Pests: See Cucumbers 38 melon varieties trialed by Twin Oaks Seeds moderately netted and netted, oblong fruits. section. Animal Pests: Raccoons, in 2013. Rind is netted, fruits are round-oval, average 4 lbs. Has good Vigorous, high-yielding, groundhogs, and other critters love about 6–7 in. in diameter. Keeps well. Pick on resistance to sap beetles disease-resistant plants. melons. Fence off melons, or buy a full slip. Sweet fruits, even in cool, wet years. that destroy fruit of other #52108 Pkt $2.75; Pike supermarket melon and set out a Melon grower Edmund Frost’s favorite! Seed varieties. Kansas #52108D (14 g) $6.50 trap in the melon patch before the grown and stewarded by Twin Oaks Seed #52106 Pkt $2.75 main crop is ready in order to catch Farm in Louisa, VA. #52102 Pkt $2.75 Plum Granny 6 or relocate any critters. Greenhouse Missouri Gold S ® 6 (Orange flesh) 85 (Queen Anne Pock- Notes: Mildew tolerance is days. [Missouri family heirloom, 1840.] Sweet et Melon) (White important and pollination is fruits are slightly ribbed, weigh 3–5 lbs. Harvest flesh) 75 days. [Ap- necessary for fruit set. Soap sprays Edisto 47 before full slip, when rind first turns tan. This palachian Heirloom.] can be used to control mealybugs, is a healthy rugged variety with fruit set spaced Small tennis ball sized whiteflies, and aphids, but foliage of over many weeks even in the drought of 2007. fruit – so fragrant the squash and melon family may be Good downy mildew resistance. #52115 Pkt Plum Granny 2 or 3 can make a injured by soap. Test the spray on a $2.75 whole room smell like few leaves before spraying the entire melons, however taste plant. Seed Savers: Isolate melons Noir des Carmes OG S is bland. Very prolifc, best grown with trellising by a minimum of 1/8 mile for home ® 6 (Orange Flesh) 76 or support, fruit is yellow with maroon stripes. use, or ½ to 1 mile for pure seed. days. [Pre-1787, named #52103 Pkt (0.5 g, ~48 seeds) $2.50 Packet: 2 g unless otherwise stated for the Carmelite monks (about 50–90 seeds, depending on in France who grew it.] Muskmelon continues variety) sows 25–50 ft. Noir des Carmes A wonderfully aromatic on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Muskmelon 31 Muskmelon continued duce an abundance of large, fat, tender, fluted pods. Young pods (3 in. or less) easily snap off Sleeping Beauty OG S (Orange flesh) 85 days. [1997. Bred by Merlyn the plant when ready to harvest. #69120 Pkt Niedens.] Classic melon flavor from sweet orange fruits on compact $2.50; #69120E (28 g) $6.50 vines, good for small gardens. ‘Sleeping Beauty’ refers to the tendency of the fruits to nestle together in groups. The 1½ lb. round, ribbed Burgundy OG 50 days. fruits are light green before ripening. #52112 Pkt $2.75 [1988, AAS winner.] Stems, leaf veins, and pods Sweet Passion S 6(Orange are deep red-maroon. flesh) 85 days. [1920s Ohio 4–6 ft. plants. 5/8 in. wide heirloom.] Merlyn Niedens passed spineless pods up to 10 in. along a local legend with these long, tenderest at 7 in. or seeds: “Eating the ripe melon less. Other red okras bear straight from the garden on a longer and handle disease moonlit night produces a state of better but Burgundy is passion.” Drought-resistant with earlier and fine tasting. Burgundy Sleeping Beauty some wilt tolerance, moderate- #69101 Pkt $2.50 ly vining. 3–5 lb. oval melons, slightly ribbed, Burmese OG S ® 6 53 days. [Burmese with sweet, juicy Sweet heirloom, seedstock courtesy Hap Heilman. Now orange flesh and a favorite in some small seed cavities. local restaurants.] #52114 Pkt $2.75 Bears when plants are 18 in. tall and Trifecta OG S ® (Orange flesh) 83 days. [Mi- continues to bear chael Mazourek, Cornell U.] Sweet and productive, until frost. Huge good-looking fruits with firm flesh. Good keeper. Bred leaves, typically 16 for downy mildew resistance and striped cucumber in. across. 9–12 in. beetle resistance. One of the best in Twin Oaks Seeds’ slender pods are Trifecta 2013 and 2014 downy mildew resistance trials. curved and virtu- #52122 Pkt $2.75 ally spineless. Pods mature from light Burmese green to creamy yel- Okra Abelmoschus esculentus low-green. At 10 in. long they are tender, sweet, History: Okra originated in NE Africa and reportedly grows wild in the upper watershed of the and spineless enough to be eaten raw or added Nile. It was brought to the U.S. in the late 1660s by way of the slave trade or via Europe. [“Okra” is to salads. Pods are less gooey than other okra. derived from “nkru” in the Ashanti language of West Africa, while “gumbo” is derived from “ngom- #69109 Pkt $2.50; #69109E (28 g) $6.50 bo” in the Bantu language of southern Africa.] Folk Uses: The dried pods of okra are used in flower Cajun Jewel OG arrangements; the roasted seeds serve as a coffee substitute; the juice has been used to stop bleeding S ® 6 and to clean metal; the stem fibers have been used to make rough cloth or cordage. The raw pods of 53 days. okra can be applied to the forehead or nose to make a quick Hallowe’en mask. Culture: Okra does [Introduced 1989 by best on a fertile, loamy soil with lots of added humus. Excess nitrogen will favor leaf production at SESE. Local favorite in the expense of pod production. Start seed in pots 2–3 weeks before transplanting outside, or plant Cajun country since the directly in the garden once the soil temperature averages 65°F (3–4 weeks after last frost). Sow seed 1950s.] Dwarf-type, 3/4–1 in. deep and thin to 18 in. apart in rows 5–6 ft. apart. Seed may be slow to germinate, especially 2½–4 ft. tall spineless for older heirloom varieties (Alabama Red, Choppee, Stewart Zeebest, etc). To speed germination, plants produce an soak seed overnight in water, or abrade the seed lightly with sandpaper to break down the hard seed early crop of tender coat. Pest and Disease Notes: Observe 4-year rotation for okra, cotton, and roselle (hibiscus). Old 1 in. diameter pods varieties of okra tend to have deeper root systems and are more tolerant of root-knot nematode. Okra up to 8 in. long. grown in rich, moist soil gives the best and longest resistance to nematodes. In years of high grass- Good flavor. Widely hopper numbers, grasshoppers may eat lower leaves of plants. Harvest: Harvest pods when 2–4 in. adapted. #69102 Pkt long except as noted; pod tenderness varies over the course of the season. We recommend snipping Cajun Jewel $2.50; #69102E (28 off the pods using hand pruners; young pods also can often be snapped off by hand. Wear long-sleeve g) $6.50 shirts to harvest – leaves of most varieties irritate the skin of all but a few lucky humans. Seed Savers: Choppee OG S Isolate varieties by 1/8 mile for home use, or ¼ to ½ mile or greater for ® 6 pure seed. Packet: 4 g (about 64-86 seeds, depending on variety) sows 69 days. 31-52 ft. [~1850, from the Jacobs family of Georgetown, SC. Alabama Red Named for the S ® 6 50 Beck’s Big Buck Choppee Indians days. [Alabama native to the area.] heirloom.] 5–7 ft. High-yielding, 6 ft. tall plants produce plants. Slim, tender abundant fat, 4 pods, great flavor, in. red-and-green almost as spineless pods. Stems and as Clemson Spine- leaf veins are also less. #69116 Pkt Choppee red. This okra is $2.50 Alabama Red delicious fried, and add color Clemson Spineless and unique flavor Beck’s Big Buck OG S ® 6 (Snapping Okra) OG ® 6 56 days. [1939, Clemson/SC. AAS to salads when young. #69112 Pkt $2.50; 57 days. [German heirloom from Malcom Beck of winner.] 4–7 ft. plants with few side-branches. #69112E (28 g) $6.25 San Antonio, TX.] Vigorous 7–8 ft. plants pro- Ribbed pods (1¼ × 8 in.), harvest when pods 32 Muskmelon, Okra www.SouthernExposure.com Jade OG S ® 50 days. souri City, Texas heirloom, [Developed by U. of from a Mr. Zeigler and Arkansas, introduced George & Mary Stewart.] by SESE 1991.] Early 7 ft. tall plants produce maturing, tender-pod- lots of long, slender, ded, high-yielding okra. curved green pods Clemson Spineless Compared to Clemson without ribs. Stays tender Spineless, Jade has darker up to 7 in. or longer. are 3 in. or smaller. Spineless characteristic green pods, fewer side #69115 Pkt $2.75 makes this popular variety easy to pick. #69103 branches, higher yields, Pkt $2.50 and better ability to Jade mature in late plantings. Stewart’s Zeebest Cow Horn OG ® 6 55 4½ ft. plants. Dark-green days. [Pre-1865.] Impres- pods remain tender to 5 in. #69106 Pkt $2.50; sive 7–8 ft. plants with #69106E $6.25 many side branches. Large, curved 8–14 in. pods, best quality when picked at Jing Orange Parsnips 5–6 in. Dependable pro- Pastinaca sativa ducer. #69110 Pkt $2.50 Cow Horn This hardy root vegetable develops a sweet, Evertender OG S ® 50 nut-like flavor after it has been heavily frosted. days. Spineless variety from Parsnips were once a common vegetable at the India averages 5½ ft. tall. dinner table and they deserve to come back in Pods up to 8 in. long, pods style. In the 1800s parsnips were often used to remain tender for a long pe- Jing Orange OG S ® 62 days. [Asian variety.] make marmalade and wine. Culture: Sow seed riod. The Kerr Center named Strikingly ornamental, bright red stems. Thinly in spring as soon as soil can be worked; sow it the easiest variety to harvest lobed leaves have red veins as well. 6–7 in. within a few weeks of last spring frost at latest. (thanks to unbranched smooth, slim, dark red pods have great flavor. Seeds may take 2–3 weeks to germinate and plants) in their trial of 30 5–6 ft. tall plants. #69126 Pkt $2.50 soil must not dry out. Radishes may be used to heirloom varieties. #69104 Evertender prevent soil crusting and to mark the location. Pkt $2.50 Shows OG S Parsnips are even slower to germinate in hot soil ® 6 58 days. and will be overwhelmed by weeds before they Fife Creek CowHorn OG S ® 6 50 days [Mississippi family can germinate, so plant early! Plant ½ in. deep [Kentucky heirloom given to the Fife family by an heirloom, named in raised beds and thin to 4–6 in. each way, or elderly Creek woman for the Shows fam- plant in rows 18 in. apart with plants thinned over 100 years ago.] ily. Seed sent to us to 4 in. Soil should be well drained and not 8 in. light green by the late Texana too rich in nutrients. Harvest: A heavy frost is pods even more McFarland, who necessary for full flavor development. Roots may curved than Cow at the time was 98 be harvested or left in place during the winter Horn, this okra stays and still gardening! for use in the spring. For a winter supply place tender longer than Introduced 2017 roots horizontally in small boxes filled with most open-pollinatd by SESE.] Great garden soil or sand. Bring a box inside to thaw varieties. High yield- production on 4-5 as needed. Cooking: Boil, fry, or roast. Seed ing, 5–6 ft. plants. Fife Creek ft. plants. Fluted Shows Savers: Isolate varieties by ¼ mile for home use. #69114 Pkt $2.50 light green pods, For pure seed isolate by a minimum of ½ to 1 1¼ in. wide. Ten- mile. Packet: 2 g (about 845 seeds) sows 62 ft. Gold Coast OG S ® der up to 4 in., the pods can reach 8 in. long. A 50 days. [1960, Lou- 2015 okra trials favorite! #69118 Pkt $2.50 isiana AES.] Sweet, mild, spineless light- Star Of David OG S green pods up to 6 in. ® (Old Fashioned) long. 5–6 ft. plants 55 days. [Introduced are well-branched 1987 by SESE. Seed- with an open growth stock courtesy Caroll habit. Thanks to its D. Gibbs, which he well-developed root had maintained since system, has good 1957.] Pods have a dis- Gold drought and heat tinctive strong flavor, tolerance, as well as recommended for okra tolerance of root-knot lovers who would like nematodes. #69105 Pkt $2.50 to try something dif- Harris ferent. 8–10 ft. plants Hill Country Heirloom Red with few side branches. OG S ® 6 64 days. [Texas Easy to harvest 5–7 Harris Model ® 120 days. Sweet, tender, Heirloom.] Very colorful red and in. pods, 1¼–2 in. bright white roots, 10–12 in. long, 3½ in. shoul- green 6 ft. plants. 6 in. long, diameter with medium ders. Long a popular favorite. thick, green pods with reddish #38102 Pkt $2.50 spines. Harvest pods Star of tips and ribs and great flavor. when small. Highly Drought tolerant, produces productive; tolerant Hollow Crown OG S ® 6 (Sugar) 105 days. exceptionally well when picked of root-knot nematode. #69108 Pkt $2.50; [Pre-1850.] Wedge-shaped roots, 8–12 in. long, small, perfect for pickled okra. #69108E (28 g) $6.50 23/4 in. at the shoulder. Excellent storage variety. Hill Country #69111 Pkt $2.50 #38101 Pkt $2.75 Heirloom Red Stewart’s Zeebest OG S ® 6 57 days [Mis- ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Okra, Parsnips 33 Onions (seed) Allium cepa Bunching Onions (seed) Allium fistulosum & Allium cepa Culture: Onions often only have a short window of time to grow before heat and/or lengthening days cause bulbs to stop growing and start drying down. To encourage fast growth, plant large, Bunching onions are perennial onions which healthy seedlings into fertile, weed-free soil as early as soil can be worked. Onions require light, divide at ground level in the same manner as fertile, well-drained soil with lots of organic matter. Maintain soil pH 6–7. Soil that is too acid or multiplier onions. Unlike potato onions they alkaline will cause slow growth and late maturity. Onions are heavy feeders requiring abundant po- do not form large bulbs. The bases of bunching tassium and phosphorous for good bulb formation. Nitrogen should be abundant during the period onions are slightly enlarged, like scallions. Once of active leaf growth. Onions and weeds do not mix. Experiments have shown yield reductions of established, clumps need only be divided period- 4% per day in the presence of weeds, or 50% reduction of yield in 2 weeks. Cultivation should be ically. Culture: See Cultural Notes for Dry Bulb shallow since onion roots are near the soil surface. A layer of organic mulch will help suppress weeds Onions. For easiest weeding, space clumps of 10 and will aid in maintaining moisture and nutrient levels. Onions are hardy to 20°F. Transplanting: seedlings 6–12 in. apart. Bunching onions are Sow seeds indoors, ¼ in. deep in flats in January through mid-March and transplant outdoors 3–4 cold-hardy and may be left in the ground year- in. apart in rows 12–16 in. apart. Do not prune the seedling tops as the harvest will be significant- round where the ground doesn’t freeze. Where ly decreased. To grow the largest bulbs possible, in areas with cold winters onions may be started the ground does freeze, most varieties should ~mid-November: in a cold frame or in the greenhouse, sow a thick batch of seeds, then transplant be transplanted into a greenhouse or cold frame to garden around late February or as soon as soil can be worked. Onion seedlings are hardy to about and moved out again in the spring. Packet: 1 g 20°F. Harvest: When most of the tops have fallen over, pull onions, cure in partial shade for 2–3 (about 450 seeds) sows 25 ft. weeks until necks have thoroughly dried. Clip tops to within 1 in. of the bulb. Breaking over the tops by hand to accelerate harvest harms the keeping quality of some varieties and helps the keeping Deep Purple OG ® 60 quality of other varieties. Pests and Diseases: Practice crop rotation of at least 3 years to control days. A new development pests and diseases. Compost all onion residues. Long Day (LD) and Short Day (SD) Types: LD in bunching onions. This types begin to form bulbs when day length is 14–16 hours. Plant LD types in spring from Virginia reddish-purple variety de- northward. Not all LD types can bulb up as far South as Virginia, but ours can. SD types begin to velops and retains its color form bulbs when day length is 10–12 hours. SD types can be spring or fall-planted in Virginia, and throughout its growth fall-planted in the South. If started in a greenhouse, or started in the fall and kept refrigerated as sets, period and through high SD onions can be grown to small bulbs in the North. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by a minimum of and low temperatures. 150 ft. For pure seed, cage plants or isolate by ¼–½ mile. Packet: 3 g (about 700 seeds) sows 50 ft. #66503 Pkt $3.50 Deep Purple direct seeded or 245 ft. as transplants. New! Tokyo Long White OG ® 665-95 days. [Japanese heirloom.] Slim Australian Brown New! Rossa di Milano OG S ® 6110 days. white onions with upright blue-green tops that ® 6 (intermedi- Italian heirloom onion with sweet white flesh grow quickly up to 12 in. and can form clumps ate to long day) and beautiful bright red/purple skins. These up to 8 inches. Great for harvest in spring, sum- 100 days. [Aus- distinctively flattened barrel shaped onions store mer and fall. Tolerant of heat and some cold. tralian heirloom, exceptionally well and make a tasty addition to Excellent mild flavor for salads and stir-fries. pre- 1897.] Spanish any savory dish. #66112 pkt $3.25 #66505 Pkt $2.95 type. A wonder- fully solid, round, New! Texas White Spear ® medium-size onion. Early Grano 60 days. This is White, mild flesh Australian Brown 1015Y (Texas the largest, most and thick, deep Supersweet) attractive variety amber-brown skin. Great keeper, one of the best ® (short of bunching for extended storage. #66107 Pkt $3.25 day) [1960, onion. Produces Texas A & M.] thick white, cylin- New York Early Vidalia-type, drical stalks 5–6 OG ® 6 (inter- one of the most in. long, topped White Spear mediate to long famous Texas by 6 in. of blue- day) 98 days. onions – the Texas Early Grano green leaves. Less A dependable sweet bulbs can winter-hardy than Evergreen, though perennial and productive get as big as a softball. Best started in the fall/ as far north as USDA zones 4–5. #66502 Pkt open-pollinated winter and transplanted in early spring. (In $2.50 version of Early Texas, it’s started Oct 15 – i.e., 10/15 – hence its Yellow Globe name!) Yellow skin, white flesh, resistant to pink maintained by root disease. Bulbs store 2-4 months. #66113 Back! Yellow Sweet Spanish (intermediate commercial Pkt $2.75 to long day) 110 days. Large, dark yellow, New York Early growers in globe-shaped bulbs. Flesh is creamy-white and Orange County, Walla Walla mild-flavored. Thick necks should dry well New York. The 2½–3 in. bulbs are good for early Sweet 6 before harvest. Use for bunching when young. fresh market sales and suitable for medium term (intermediate Tolerates mildew and thrips. Bulbs don’t keep storage. #66106 Pkt $3.25; #66106D (14 g) to long day) long, best used fresh! #66103 Pkt $2.50 $7.50 110 days. [1890 Italian heirloom Yellow of Parma 6 Red Wethersfield 6 (long via WA state.] (Dorata di Parma) day) 100 days [Developed by This is the (long day) 110 days. farmers in Wethersfield, CT; sweet onion for [Brought to Parma, grown by Jefferson at Monticel- gardeners in the Walla Walla Italy in 1896 by a lo.] Large, flattened globes with Mid-Atlantic seedsman from nearby deep purple-red skin. Fairly and Northeast who have trouble growing short Pavia.] Large white firm, pink-tinged white flesh day Vidalia types. These onions are more cold globes with golden with red concentric circles. hardy and can still produce large onions with skin, excellent storage Fine pungent flavor, a good sweet white succulent flesh in soil enriched with variety. One of the keeper. #66105 Pkt $3.25 plenty of compost or other organic matter. Large best in our 2011 Yellow of Red Wethersfield 4–6 in. bulbs with light brown skin and upright onion trials. #66110 necks that dry down nicely. #66111 Pkt $2.50 Pkt $2.75 34 Onion Seeds www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Perennial Onions (bulbs) Allium cepa var. aggregatum Shipping Surcharge for Onion Bulbs: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. Includes all fall shipped items: garlic (pg. 20-21), woodland medicinals (pg. 64), and onion bulbs. Onion Bulbs ship in the fall (September – November, northern-most areas first), but may be pre-ordered at any time. U.S. shipping addresses only. Culture: Multiplier onions are hardy, productive perennials. According to the National Gardening Bureau, multiplier onions can produce a larger yield per area than any other vegetable except staked Perennial Onion Sampler tomatoes. Multiplier onions produce a cluster of bulbs at ground level from a single planted bulb. The larger bulbs are saved for eating, and the medium and small bulbs are stored and replanted. Perennial Onion Sampler Both potato onions and shallots can be grown in pots for forcing green onions during the winter. S ® Excited about getting started with pe- Multiplier onions exist in two horticultural forms: potato onions and shallots. Shallots may be rennial multiplying onions? Let us pick 4 stars distinguished from potato onions by the shape and division pattern of the bulbs. Shallots vary in from our trial gardens to begin your explora- their ability to produce seed, but potato onions rarely produce seed. There are several advantages of tion. 1 oz Egyptian Walking onions, ¼ lb white growing multiplier onions: (1) They are not as readily bothered by the onion fly as are seed onions. shallot, ¼ lb red/brown shallot, and ¼ lb yel- (2) Once you have enough potato onions or shallots you need not buy seeds or sets again. (3) Some low potato onion. Each variety will be labeled. types of multiplier onions are in demand as gourmet items in restaurants. (4) Potato onions and Yields up to 8 lbs in favorable conditions. Also many shallots store well, and can withstand subfreezing temperatures in every area of the conti- included is SESE’s Garlic and Onion Growing nental U.S. when properly planted. Multiplier Guide. #92505 $29.50 Onions Starter Package: Multiplier onions are Shallots (bulbs) Allium spp. sold by weight rather than bulb count. Bulb size Shallots are planted and harvested in essentially varies according to crop conditions and bulbs are the same manner as potato onions. They have usually supplied as mixed sizes. Your Starter Pack- a delicate, mild flavor and some varieties are age includes a free 4-page growing guide which especially valued in gourmet cooking. Our shallots covers perennial onions and garlic. are widely adapted and do not require special day lengths to yield well. Note: Egyptian Walking Onions Shallots are shipped only Allium cepa var. proliferum in September and October. These hardy perennial onions grow well throughout most of North America (zones French Red Shal- lot ® French Red 3–9). The onion to plant if you always want OG (A. cepa Yellow Potato onions. The bulbs set bulblets on stalks, and var. aggregatum) These Onions these air-bound bulblets will sprout new smaller shallots have reddish-pink bulb scales and a pale, stalks, which fall over and replant themselves, purple-pink flesh. The size of mature bulbs rang- hence the name Walking. Bulbs can be harvest- es from 1–2 in. in diameter. Note: This should ed over the fall and winter. Green onions can be not to be confused with the gray French shallot harvested selectively as they grow. Plant them which produces a prolific amount of tough- where you intend to have them for a long time, skinned, undersized bulbs in the middle and as they are quite hardy. They tend not to yield southern U.S. latitudes. The French Red shallot very much the first year, but after that they will is more widely adapted and has superior flavor, keep you supplied with onions. though it does not keep as well as other shallots. Planting instructions included. Valued in gourmet cooking and fine restaurants. #66701 Starter Package (bulbs, 8 oz, see ship- Yellow Potato Onion OG S ® 6 (Hill, Egyptian Walking Onions ping info above-left) $11.95; #66701A (20 oz) Mother, Pregnant Onion) [In 1982 SESE rein- S ® 6 (Tree Onions) Small $24.50 troduced an heirloom strain dating prior to 1790.] reddish green aerial bulbils Produces onions up to 4 in. in diameter under that fall over and root as they Grey Griselle Shallot good conditions, and 3 in. in diameter under mature “walking” across the OG S ® 6 (A. oschaninii) average conditions. Flavorful, yet not strong. garden. Green onions, edible 180 days. [French heir- This has always been a popular variety with our loom.] Egyptian bulbils and small in-ground Prized by French customers. The Yellow Potato onion has good Walking Onions bulbs make for onions all year gourmet chefs, these small, drought resistance, pink root resistance, and is ,once established. #66604 teardrop-shaped (1 × 1½ widely adapted for diferent growing regions Starter Package (bulbs, 1 in.) bulbs have a hard, grey Grey Griselle except Florida and southern Texas. Especially oz, see shipping info above) skin and tender, pink- Shallot valued for the keeping quality of the small and $12.95; #66604A (3 ozs) ish-white flesh. They have medium-sized bulbs, which keep 8–12 months $24.50 a distinctive, rich, earthy under good conditions. We’ve kept small bulbs smell, and mild, delicious flavor. Grey shallots up to 18 months under ideal conditions. Some Heirloom White are considered by many to be the only “true old-timers grow this heirloom onion exclusive- Egyptian Walking Onions OG shallot.” #66708 Starter Package (bulbs, 4 oz, ly because it provides all the onions they ever S ® 6 Prolific producers of see shipping info above-left) $9.95 need. #66601 Starter Package (bulbs, 8 oz, see small sweet white shallot like shipping info above) $12.95; #66601B (20 bulbs with tender greens as well Shallots Sampler oz) $24.50 Heirloom as the namesake aerial bublets Cook’s Shallot Sampler OG S ® 6 Explore White Egyptian which can be planted where the diversity and rich, mild, melt-in-your- Perennial Leeks & Walking Onions desired or left to fall over and mouth flavor of shallots grown fresh in your sprout in place thus eventually garden. Several of our great varieties for you to White Multiplier Onions walking around the garden. #66609 Starter try. From 4 oz. to 8 oz. of 3 different varieties, Available online only as spring shipped plants. package: live plants (see shipping info above; you may harvest up to 10 lbs. in good condi- Check our website for availability! see website for size information.) $14.95; tions. #92508 Starter Package (bulbs, 20oz. #66609A (3 ozs) $24.50 see shipping info above-left) $29.00 Seasonally Shipped ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Onion Bulbs 35 Shelling (English) Peas Snow Peas Peas Snow Peas are harvested before the pods Pisum sativum Wrinkle-seeded peas are sweeter and earlier than fill out. They are eaten along with the pods smooth-seeded peas and maintain picking quality either raw or cooked. Often cooked in Culture: Peas are a fast-maturing cool-weather longer. Use these peas for shelling and eating fresh. Asian dishes. For best quality, pods should crop. In the Mid-Atlantic region spring-plant- be harvested at least twice a week. ed peas produce a better quality crop than Green Arrow fall-planted peas. Spring planting is also better (dwarf) OG S ® Mammoth Melting Sugar (tall) OG 6 Mammoth because the vines are more resistant to freezing 68 days. [English 70 Days. Wilt-resistant vines grow to 5 Melting Sugar than the pods, which are more likely to freeze as heirloom.] This favor- ft. A 35 ft. row can yield as much as a they mature in the fall. Sow peas as soon as the ite variety for home bushel. Sweet, flavorful pods hold their soil can be worked. Soil should be well drained gardeners produces quality even when picked a bit late. #15301 with pH in the range of 6.0–6.8. Peas require a loads of 4–5 in. pods Pkt (~114 seeds) $2.50 soil rich in phosphorus and potassium for good full of plump, sweet, Green Arrow production. Too much nitrogen causes lush vine dark green peas on Oregon Giant (dwarf) OG S growth at the expense of pod production. Sow 30 in. plants. Double 70 days. [Improved selection of seed 1 in. deep, ½–1 in. apart in double rows 4 pods set heavily at the top of the plant for easy old favorite Oregon Sugar Pod in. apart. Thin to 2 in. apart. Single or double picking. Excellent fresh flavor holds well for can- II.] One of the best yielding rows should be planted 2 ft. apart for dwarf ning and freezing. Resists wilt and mildew (DM, snow peas. Giant (5 in.) pods varieties and 2½–3 ft. apart for tall varieties. FW, RR, & LCV). #15204 Pkt (~133 seeds) have mild, sweet flavor. 3 ft. Support tall varieties on a trellis or fence, or $2.75; #15204F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15204G (1 vines resist common wilt, use well-branched brush stuck into the ground. lb) $7.25; #15204H (1 lb) $10.25 mosaic virus, powdery mildew. Peas normally do not need to be watered unless #15302 Pkt (~86 seeds) the soil is consistently dry at the time of pod Little Marvel (dwarf) Little Marvel $2.75; #15302F (¼ lb) $4.50; production. Harvest: Pick as soon as pods are 6 (Improved Ameri- #15302G (½ lb) $7.25; Oregon Giant full. The sugar in peas converts to starch soon can Wonder) 62 days. #15302H (1 lb) $10.25 after harvest, so to keep the sweet flavor, use or [1908.] Dwarf, 16 in. process within two hours. Diseases: Peas are sus- vines produce dou- Southern Peas (Cowpeas) ceptible to a variety of diseases, most commonly ble-borne pods. 3½ in. in soils that have grown peas for many years. If pods contain 6–7 peas. Southern peas, cowpeas, field peas: disease is a problem, use resistant varieties and Resistant to Fusarium Vigna unguiculata Black-eyed peas: follow a 5-year rotation. Seed Savers: Isolate wilt. An old dependable Vigna unguiculata unguiculata varieties by a minimum of 50 ft. for home use. variety. #15201 Pkt This vegetable seems to have a different name For pure seed isolate by 150 ft. Packet: 28 g (1 (~153 seeds) $2.50; in each section of the country. Southern peas oz, ~90-220 seeds, depending on variety) sows #15201F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15201G (½ lb) $6.50 are also called cowpeas, field peas, crowder peas, 12–20 ft. and black-eyed peas. By whatever name you call Wando (dwarf)® 68 days. them, they’re an old favorite in the South and [1943.] Popular since its can be grown wherever both days and nights are Snap Peas introduction. Heat- and warm for a period of 60–90 days. Culture: Sow cold-resistant, the most pro- seed 1 in. deep, 2 in. apart in rows 3–6 ft. apart, This class of peas was developed by Dr. Calvin ductive pea for late sowings thinning to 4 in. apart. Vining varieties are very Lamborn at Gallatin Valley Seed Co. Snap peas where heat is a problem. vigorous and drought resistant, but they should originated by breeding the sweet pea Mammoth Recommended especially for be given extra room, or trellised, or planted so Melting Sugar with a chance mutant of a popular southern and coastal regions. they can climb stalks of dent corn. Southern freezing pea called Dark Skinned Perfection. For 24–30 in. vines bear 3½ in. Wando peas have cultural requirements similar to beans. home gardeners, snap peas represent one of the more pods filled with 7–8 dark- They need warmer soil, so wait until 3–4 weeks significant breeding advances in fifty years. Snap green, medium-sized peas. after last frost to plant. Need full sun and a warm peas have excellent disease resistance and thick pods Use fresh or frozen. #15202 Pkt (~161 seeds) growing season. For best results provide a well- remain sweet and tender when mature. Snap peas $2.50; #15202F (¼ lb) $4.50; #15202G (½ drained soil, with pH in the range of 5.5–6.5. more than double the amount of food produced by lb) $6.50 Do not apply nitrogen, which will result in poor a crop of peas. Culture: See above. Germination yield and lush foliage. The ability of southern Note: Because snap pea peas to grow in poor soil is quite remarkable – Sugar seeds have a high sugar Sugar Ann (dwarf) OG S ® 56 days [1984, many varieties are also used as cover crops – and content, the seed may rot in AAS Winner.] Extra-early. Crisp, flavorful 3 in. they are relatively free of insects and disease in cold soil before germi- snap peas. Compact 2 ft. vines don’t require the Mid-Atlantic. Harvest: Days to maturity are nating. We recommend trellising. Also good for fall crop. Freezes well. for fresh shelly-stage peas. For dry peas, add 2-3 pre-sprouting the seeds #15507 Pkt (~123 seeds) $2.75; #15507F (¼ weeks. For fresh use, harvest when seeds have for early-season plantings lb) $4.50; #15507G (1 lb) $7.25; #15507H (1 filled the green pods, but before seeds have hard- in cold soil. Harvest: lb) $10.25 ened. For dried use, make sure to harvest dried Harvest when pods are pods before rain or else seeds will mold. Let dried filled out and peas inside Sugar Snap (tall) OG pods finish drying under cover in a rodent-proof are full size. Strings can S ® 70 days. [1979. space. Cooking: Can be boiled, frozen, canned, be removed while picking AAS winner.] The best or dried. Green seeds can be roasted like peanuts. by holding the vine in flavored snap pea. 3 Scorched seeds can be used as a coffee substitute. one hand and pulling the in. pods on 6–8 ft. Leaves may be used as a potherb. Animal Pests: pod upward and off the vine with the other hand. vines. Tolerant of pea Deer love them. Fence off crops or cover plants Preparation: Shelling isn’t necessary since pods wilt but not powdery with row cover when pods emerge. Insect Pests: and peas are eaten together like a snap bean. The mildew. Highly recom- Weevils sometimes infest dried seed. To kill small strings along the pod sutures are not notice- mended. #15501 Pkt weevils, freeze thoroughly-dried seed in sealed able when eaten raw, but they should be stripped (~122 seeds) $2.75; containers for 48 hours. Seed Savers: Isolate from off before cooking. Flavor is excellent, but is easily #15501F (1 lb) $4.50; southern peas and asparagus beans by a mini- destroyed by overcooking or canning. Packet: 28 g #15501G (1 lb) Sugar mum of 10-20 ft. for home use. For pure seed (1 oz, ~100 seeds) sows 12–20 ft. $7.25; #15501H (1 lb) isolate 50 ft. Packet: 14g unless stated (~43-135 seeds, depending on variety) sows 8-22 ft. 36 Peas, Southern Peas www.SouthernExposure.com Big Red Ripper S ® Iron and Clay ® 6 [Brought to the U.S. by Vigorous, sprawling/ 6 70 days. [VA and enslaved Africans before the American Revolution. climbing 10-15 ft. NC heirloom.] Good Clay peas were carried as rations by Confederate vines, resistant to flavored table pea with soldiers. Iron and Clay peas sustained newly freed root knot nematodes 10 in. pods containing African-Americans after the Civil War according and other Southern as many as 18 large peas to George Washington Carver’s 1908 “Cookbook afflictions. Seeds per pod! Use fresh or of Field Pea Recipes.”] Vigorous, drought-hardy have been selected dried. Reddish-green plants. Good root-knot nematode resistance. for permeable seed Big Red pods are borne high and Sprawling vines. A great nitrogen-fixing cover coatings, so that any Speckled are easy to see in the Ripper crop. Daylength-sensitive variety starts flowering remaining seeds left foliage. Resistant to very when nights lengthen to ~11 hours. Late-ma- in the ground won’t hot, dry summers. Vig- turing pods can be harvested for the kitchen or sprout the following year – a well-behaved cover orous, sprawling vines. used for fodder. crop! Daylength-sensitive plants wait til days Very popular with our Texas customers. #16107 6-7 in. pods, approach 13 hours long before putting out big Pkt (~66 seeds) $2.50 light tan seeds. yields of 9 in. pods. #16134 Pkt (~80 seeds) #16125 (28 g, $2.50 Carolina Crowder S ® 63 ~245 seeds) days. [Richard Fery and Philip $2.50; #16125F Tohono O’odham S ® 6 (Papago) 63 Dukes, ARS/USDA, 1990.] (¼ lb) $4.75; days. [SW Native American heirloom.] Highly Mississippi Silver-type with #16125H (1 lb) Iron and Clay drought- and heat-tolerant variety often used beautiful cranberry red pods. $10.25 for summer cover Red-brown seeds, great flavor. crops. 6–7 in. pur- Semi-bush plants, 7-in. pods. Piggott Pea ple-tinged pods. Improved resistance for root- S ® 6 63 Earthy-flavored knot nematodes and many days. [Grown seeds have black other Southern afflictions. by the Piggott and white markings Carolina Crowder #16130 Pkt (~41 seeds) family in like Holstein cows. $2.95 Washington #16119 Pkt (~85 Tohono Parish, LA seeds) $2.50 Fast Lady Northern Southern Pea S ® 58 since the days. Carol Deppe selected this small, white lady Piggott Pea 1850s. For a pea in Oregon to mature fast in the NW’s cool long while the Nematode Resistance & Cowpeas summers, but it handles Southern summers as family kept this flavorful seed all to themselves!] Root knot disease, caused by root-knot nematodes (tiny well! Great for short-sea- Early and productive, this great-tasting variety is worms that feed on plant roots), is a soil problem in many son areas. 7–8 in. good fresh or dried. 6-7 in. pods have medi- parts of the Southeast. Heirloom varieties particularly resistant to nematodes include Hardee and Iron and Clay. long, yellow pods um-size brown seeds with light speckling. Long Newer varieties such as Carolina Crowder, Kiawah Pinkeye are easy to pick vines up to 8 ft. are vigorous and drought-resis- Purple Hull, Bettersnap, Green Dixie Blackeye, and and shell. Bushy, tant. #16127 Pkt (~60 seeds) $2.50 KnuckleHull-VNR have been bred to resist nematodes, semi-erect plants. and we plan to offer more in the future! Tender, tasty seeds Back! Pinkeye Purple Hull ® 65 days. An cook fast with- early, heavy yielding, semi-bush variety with good out any soaking. disease resistance. Can be double-cropped in the Whippoorwill S ® Fast Lady #16124 Pkt (~125 Mid-Atlantic and 6 72 days. [Brought seeds) $3.25 south. Pods contain Pinkeye Purple Hull to the Americas from elongated white Africa during the Hardee S ® 6 (US-1136) [USDA/ARS, peas with purple or slave trade. Grown by Charleston, SC, 2010; selected from SC heirloom pink eyes. Use for Jefferson at Mon- collected in 1992 by J. Powell Smith. Intro- canning, freezing, or ticello.] Once the duced 2017 by SESE.] Tasty red-brown seeds. fresh eating. #16108 standard for south- Vigorous, sprawling/climbing 10-15 ft. vines Pkt. $2.75 ern peas, this variety – as with “Iron and Clay,” a great cover crop. A is drought-tolerant Whippoorwill 2006 study found it to have even more disease Queen Ann Blackeye Pea ® 60 days. [VA/ and will grow in resistance (including nematode resistance) than AES.] Dependable and heavy producer. Highly almost all soils. 5 ft. Iron and Clay! Daylength-sensitive variety starts recommended for vines produce extended harvests of 7–9 in. green flowering when nights lengthen to ~11 hours. green shell or dry use, pods. Small seeds are light brown with dark #16136 Pkt (28g, ~118 seeds) $2.75 freezing, or canning. speckles, good eaten green or dried. #16111 Pkt Can be grown in most (~85 seeds) $2.75; #16111F (1 lb) $6.25 northern states. (Note: Hercules this used to be a more Zipper Cream S compact plant, but the ® 67 days. [1972, commercial strain has FL AES. Thanks to become much more Bob Bulluck for our viney, though it’s still seedstock!] Southern as early as ever!) 7 in. favorite. Bushy 2–3 ft. pods. #16103 Pkt plants bear prolifically. Hercules S ® 75 days. [1981, Clemson AES] (~114 seeds) $2.50; 6–9 in. pods with Large, brown seeds are the biggest we offer. 8-9- #16103F (¼ lb) large, creamy-white in. pods held upright on bushy plants with short $4.50; #16103G (½ Queen Anne seeds, 18–20 seeds/ runners. Easy to shell. #16123 Pkt (28g, ~88 lb) $6.50 pod, easy to shell. Un- seeds) $2.50 usually, seeds have a Speckled Graham S ® 6 (US-1137) [USDA/ taste between English Small amounts of other ARS, Charleston, SC, 2010; selected from SC peas and cowpeas Zipper Cream southern pea varieties not listed here may heirloom collected in 1992 by J. Powell Smith.] when fresh. #16116 be available – see our website! Tasty mix of speckled grey and tan seeds. Pkt (~58 seeds) $2.95 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Southern Peas 37 desserts, and beverages, and later for peanut Ecuadorean type peanut, Peanuts Arachis hypogaea butter. 1-2 seeds/pod (mostly 2 seeds/pod). A 2-4 seeds/pod, with wavy History: Originally from Brazil, peanuts were runner peanut, vines can spread 3+ ft (great for ridged shells and orange/ brought to France and Africa, and then later keeping down weeds), but needs 2-3 weeks lon- purple skins. Ed has been introduced into the U.S. during the 1700s. ger to mature than other peanuts – if trying to selecting for larger yields, The first commercial peanuts were grown near grow these north of SE Virginia, start seedlings bigger seeds, and more Wilmington, NC, around 1800. Culture: Shell inside, then transplant out a month after last color variation. Tasty out the seeds and sow 1–2 in. deep, 6–12 in. spring frost. Hardy and vigorous, and excellent boiled, roasted, or fried. apart, in rows 30–36 in. apart. If planting in for small crops, but this variety is vulnerable to #17115 Pkt (28 g, ~30 Jungle Striped hills, plant 3 nuts per hill, 10–12 in. apart in a few modern peanut diseases when grown on a seeds) $4.75 hills 2–3 ft. apart. Loose, well-drained soil is large commercial scale. #17114 Pkt (~57 seeds) important for good germination, and a soil pH $5.25 Schronce’s Deep of 5–6 will give the best results. Plant a month Black OG S ® 110 after last frost once soil has warmed up. Peanuts Carolina Black S ® 6 110 days. [Introduced days. [Selected since transplant well, and can be started indoors 3–4 1999 by SESE from seed sent by Derek Morris.] 1980 by NC garden- weeks before transplanting out. (Even when One of the varieties grown during the 1800s was er Gordon Schronce. direct sowing, we find it useful to start a few the African peanut (also known as the N. Car- Seedstock sent by his seeds in pots for transplanting out to fill any olina peanut). It may have been a black peanut, son Arty. Introduced gaps in the rows.) Peanuts are slow growing at possibly the same as ‘Carolina Black.’ According 2011 by SESE.] first, so keep the seedlings well weeded. A useful to food historian William Woys Weaver, the Black peanut technique is to inter-plant with a fast-maturing black peanut may have been used as a substitute selected for larger weed-suppressing crop (radishes, green onions, for Black Bambarra (African ground nut) by the seeds with darker lettuce, cilantro) that will be harvested before black community. Black Bambarra is important (violet-black) skins the peanut plants grow large enough to in African folk medicine than Carolina Black need the space. Peanuts require 110–130 as an aphrodisiac. The N. Schronce’s Deep Black and 3–4 seeds per days of hot weather and ample water, Carolina climate won’t sup- pod. Very produc- especially once plants have begun to set port black Bambarra, but tive. Gordon’s favorite way to serve these is to pods. When plants are 12 in. high, hill black peanuts grow there fry up a mix of black and red peanuts in canola them up with loose soil as you would without difficulty. Carolina oil. #17108 Pkt (28 g, ~42 seeds) $4.95; with potatoes, and mulch between the Black produces sweet-tast- #17108F (¼ lb) $9.25 rows. Once plants start flowering, they ing, black-skinned peanuts need at least an inch of rain/irrigation that are slightly larger than Tennessee Red Valencia OG S ® 6 (Valencia every week for best production. Harvest: Spanish peanuts. 2–3 seeds/ Tennessee Red) 110 days. [Pre-1930.] Rich, Harvest during a dry spell in October Carolina Black pod. #17103 Pkt (28 g, sweet peanuts with or after a light frost. After 3 consecutive ~45 seeds) $4.50 red skins. 2–4 nights of low temperatures (40°F or seeds/pod. Easy colder), plants will not mature pods any Carwile’s Virginia OG S to grow without further, so harvest can happen anytime. ® 6 120 days. [Introduced hilling, even in (In the Deep South, peanuts may need 1989 by SESE.] Family clay soils. An early to be harvested earlier to keep pods heirloom from SW Vir- variety for those from sprouting in cold/wet soil late ginia since 1910. Grown who have trouble in the season.) If weather and critters by Frank Carwile for over maturing Virgin- allow, dig vines and let them sun-dry for 75 years since he was given ia-type peanuts. several days before pulling pods off. Cure this peanut by a traveler We’re again offering Tennessee Red indoors in a rodent-proof space for 2–3 when he was 8 years old. the best strain of weeks before storing. Seed Savers: Isolate Carwile’s He later tried other vari- this variety, with larger pods and better yields. varieties by at least 10-50 ft. Packet: Pea- eties but found none with #17104 Pkt (28 g, ~40 seeds) $4.95 nuts are sold in the shell to preserve seed a better flavor. 2–4 seeds freshness. See variety descriptions for packet per pod. Plants have average disease resistance Texas Red and White weights. Peanuts are sold in shell. Cannot ship but excellent production and drought resistance. S ® 110 days. [Peanut to California. #17101 Pkt (28 g, ~40 seeds) $4.95; #17101F said to have been devel- (¼ lb) $5.25 oped in the school colors Carolina African Runner S ® 6 130 days. by a Texas university [Brought to the US in the 1600s by enslaved West Georganic S ® for selling at football Africans, this is the original American peanut!] 130 days. [2006 games. Seed given to Ron Thought to be extinct since the 1930s, until USDA/ARS & U. Thuma by friends in Dr. David Shields tracked down a small sample of GA] Bred for Andover, KS. Introduced Texas Red & White in NC State University’s seed archives. From organic growers, 2012 by SESE.] Seeds a 2013 planting of 20 seeds, Brian Ward of Georganic has have lovely red-and-white streaked skins. 2–4 Clemson’s Coastal Research and Education sprawling runner seeds/pod, compact 3–ft. plants grow well in Center has been growth that helps heavy clay soil. #17109 Pkt (28 g, ~34 seeds) building up to suppress weeds, $4.95 the population. and excellent The peanuts are disease resistance. Georganic Virginia Jumbo, Champs OG smaller, denser, Red-skinned seeds S ® 120-135 days. [VA Tech, and oilier than have good flavor. 2004.] Early maturing plants other peanuts, 1-2 seeds/pod (mostly 2 seeds/pod). Later with runner-type growth and sweeter maturity, best for Coastal areas and Deep South. habit make good yields of than Virginia #17106 Pkt (28 g, ~33 seeds) $4.95 large, plump nuts in Virginia. peanuts. Histor- Delicious for roasting. Pod ically, they were Jungle Striped, Sundance Striped S ® size, shape and color are suit- used for making 6 125 days. [Georgia farmer Ed Janosik has ed for in-shell sales at farmers Carolina African peanut oil, used been improving this one since getting them at a market. #17110 Pkt (28 g, in savory dishes, seed swap in 2004. Introduced by SESE 2018.] ~32 seeds) $4.95 Champs 38 Peanuts www.SouthernExposure.com Extra-Early Sweet can be very subtle or absent and may depend on Peppers growing conditions. 3 × 4 in. fruits are 4-lobed, Capsicum annuum, unless noted Peppers borne on tall, prolific plants. #46101 Pkt $2.95; #46101B (3 g) $7.50 Culture: Sow seeds 8-10 weeks before planting Ashe County Pimen- ® a out after last frost. Plant seeds ¼ in. deep in to S 6 52 days. California Wonder OG ® 6 75 well-drained soil in shallow flats. Maintain soil (green > red) [Revived days. (green > red) [1928.] Widely temperature at least 75–85°F for good germi- by NC seed saver Rob adapted variety, well-known and nation. Peppers won’t germinate in cold potting Danford.] One of preferred by many market growers and soil – heat makes a big difference in seeds germi- the few peppers that Ashe County gardeners. A smooth, blocky bell, mostly nating in 5 days, or seeds taking up to 20 days! reliably produces well 4-lobed, with thick walls. Fruits up to 4 × (Since germination can be slower if seeds don’t in the short Smoky Mountain growing season 43/4 in. Foliage provides good cover for fruits. have enough heat, make sure to sow extra seeds (150 days or less). An incredibly sweet, bright Tobacco mosaic resistant. #46102 Pkt $2.50 in case germination is low.) Don’t overwater red, thick-fleshed pimento pepper, 4 × 1½ in. seeds or they may rot. Transplant to 3 in. pots as Great raw, as well as for cooking, roasting, and soon as several leaves have developed. Maintain canning. Small (24-30 in.) plants may be closely day temperature 75–80°F, and night tempera- spaced (18 in. apart). #46136 Pkt $2.95; ture at least 65°F. Water plants with warm water. #46136B (3 g) $7.50 Transplant again to larger pots if the seedlings become too large. Peppers need to have an Lipstick OG S ® uncrowded root system or subsequent yields will 55 days. (green > be reduced. Harden the plants by giving them red) [Johnny’s Selected plenty of light and setting them outside for a Seeds.] Early and pro- few hours on warm days. Be careful not to let ductive, a great choice California Wonder the plants wilt. Don’t rush the season: a good for short season areas. rule of thumb is to transfer peppers to the gar- Chunky triangular Jupiter OG S ® 75 days. (green > red) One of den after the dogwood blossoms have fallen, or peppers, 2 × 3½ in., the largest and best when average soil temperature is 65°F or above on 4 ft. plants. Good sweet bell peppers. (usually a month after last frost). Space plants flavor, juicy flesh. Sturdy 3–5 ft. 18–24 in. apart in rows or blocks. Wait a month Lipstick #46139 Pkt $2.75; plants have an to mulch peppers so that the soil can heat up. #46139B (3 g) $7.25 excellent canopy of Small-fruited varieties tolerate hot humid con- dark green leaves ditions better than large-fruited varieties. Once Red Cherry OG S ® 6 54 to protect the flowering begins, fertilizer should be withheld; days. (green > red) [Pre- high yields of 4 in. otherwise, flowers may drop without setting 1860.] Shaped like bonbons, fruits. Excellent fruit. Other factors causing flower drop are low these little sweet peppers are a drought resistance. humidity (sometimes caused by wide spacing), good size for lunch box treats, Great for stuffing. Jupiter poor pollination, full fruit set, or night tempera- and great for pickling, can- #46134 Pkt tures above 80°F or below 65°F. In the green- ning, and stuffing. Tall plants $2.95; #46134B (3 g) $7.25 house, pollinate peppers the same way tomatoes bear loads of dark red 1 in. are pollinated. Maintain high levels of phospho- × 11 in. fruits that not only Keystone Resistant Giant OG S 79 days. rus for sustained yields. Once fruit production look like cherries, but have (green > red) A California Wonder type with begins, short stakes or small tomato cages may some cherry flavor as well! In large, blocky, pendant fruit (3½ × 4 in.). Mosaic be necessary to prevent large-fruited varieties 2019 we trialed 5 miniature resistant. Heavy foliage reduces susceptibility to Harvest: sunscald. Thick stems hold up under heavy fruit from falling over. Peppers are fully bell peppers of similar size, Red Cherry ripe after turning color. Although all peppers and found Red Cherry to be load. Well suited to the Mid-Atlantic, but not may be eaten in the green stage, ripening to red, sweeter, more flavorful, thick- recommended for the Deep South. #46106 Pkt yellow, etc. increases flavor and nearly doubles er-walled, more disease-resistant, and seedier $2.75 the vitamin C content. Mature plants have good than any of them. #46112 Pkt $2.75 Napoleon Sweet OG vigor in fall, so cover plants on frosty nights for S ® 6 ® 76 days. 1–2 weeks to extend the harvest season. Then, Sweet Pickle OG (green > red) 6–7 before the first killing frost, uproot plants and (Christmas Tree Pepper) in. long bells with place the roots in a bucket of water and store in 55 days. (purple > pale sweet, mild flavor. a cool location to extend harvest by one month, yellow > orange > red) Very productive, or grow the variety Doe Hill Golden Bell which Beautiful plant, a great ed- tasty thick fleshed is an excellent keeper. Diseases: Peppers are ible ornamental. Compact fruit can be used Napoleon fairly disease-resistant, but are susceptible to 18-24 in. plants are loaded fresh, dried or for anthracnose, bacterial leaf spot, and tobacco with upright fruits in frying. #46130 Pkt mosaic virus (TMV). Use resistant varieties and many colors. Thick walled $2.75; #46130B (3 g) $6.75 control aphids. TMV may not kill plants but fruits, 1 in. wide × 2-3 in. will greatly reduce the yield. Keep cigarettes out long, best flavor when red. Sweet Pickle World Beater OG S of the garden and greenhouse. Physiological #46143 Pkt $2.75 6(Ruby Giant) 72 Diseases: Sunscald is common on varieties with days. (green > red) [Pre- sparse foliage. Blossom-end rot is rare in pep- Red Bells 1912. Developed from a pers, and is due to inadequate calcium supply Bull Nose OG S ® 6 cross combining the size or uneven supply of water. Greenhouse Pests: (Large Sweet Spanish) and production of Chi- Similar to treatment of tomato pests. Seed Sav- 58 days. (green > scarlet nese Giant with the shape ers: Wear gloves when collecting seeds from hot red) [Introduced in 1759 and color of Ruby King.] peppers. Isolate varieties by 300 ft. Note: Days from India. Pre-1900 3 × 4 in., thick fleshed to maturity are days after transplanting. Days this variety was often bells, very sweet when are for green peppers; for ripe peppers, add 2-4 stuffed with cabbage and World Beater red. 3 ft. tall plants. weeks. Packet: 0.3 g unless stated (about 36-60 pickled.] Early matur- #46108 Pkt $2.95 seeds, depending on variety) sows 21-60 feet of ing. In our trials we Peppers continue transplants. Bull Nose have noted that the heat on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peppers 39 Yellow & Orange Bells Chocolate & Purple Bells Charleston Belle OG S ® 67 days. Corona OG S ® 68 (green > red) [The days. (green > golden first nematode-re- orange) [Dutch sistant bell pepper. variety, 1991.] Fancy, Introduced by SESE flavorful, very sweet 1998.] Plants have a bell pepper often compact growth hab- Charleston Belle featured in gourmet it and reach a height produce markets. (ex- of 4 ft. 3 x 5 in. fruits are virtually identical to cept not in 2020, we ‘Keystone Resistant Giant’, weighing ~¼ lb . Corona didn’t sell many bulk #46121 Pkt $2.95; #46121B (3 g) $7.50 size packets of these Purple last year, growers probably didn’t want to make Truhart-NR OG S ® 75 days. (green > display signs for Corona peppers…) 3½ in. crimson red) [2009, Richard Fery & Judy Theis, fruits are 3- to 4-lobed, averaging 6–7 oz. Fruit Purple Beauty OG S ® 80 days. (green > ARS/USDA. Introduced 2017 by SESE.] A classic stem separates easily from plant for trouble-free purple > deep red) On their way to deep red, Southern pimento pepper, now with newly harvest. Choice variety for salad use. Good foli- the peppers stop and linger at a dark purple added nematode resistance. Very flavorful heart- age cover of fruits. 4 ft. plants. Mosaic resistant. color (lime green inside) that’s lovely in salads. shaped fruits (2 × 3 in.), thick flesh. Use fresh, #46104 Pkt $2.95; #46104B (3 g) $7.50 Medium-sized bells, 3 × 3 in., thick flesh, good roasted, peeled, or canned. Especially well suited foliage cover. 3 ft. tall, mosaic resistant plants. for salads, Spanish Doe Hill Golden #46140 Pkt $2.75; #46140B (3 g) $6.50 omelets, or eating out Bell OG S ® 6 of hand. Productive 61 days. (green > Sweet Chocolate (Choco) OG S ® 86 days. plants are tall and orange) [Pre-1900 (green > chocolate brown) Medium-sized, shiny, sturdy, with good family heirloom chocolate-cherry-col- foliage cover. #46142 from the Doe Hill ored bells, 2½ × 4½ Pkt $2.75; #46142B area in Highland in., 3-lobed. Unusual (3 g) $7.50 County, VA. In- dark maroon interior Truhart- troduced by SESE Doe Hill fruit color. Extremely 2000.] Miniature productive, continu- (1 × 2¼ in.), 4- ous fruiting, very dis- to 6- lobed, flattened orange bells, with sweet, ease resistant. Stake Sweet Non-Bell Peppers fruity, multidimensional flavor. High yielding, tall plants for best Sweet peppers don’t have to be bell-shaped. Non- production. #46103 30 in. plants widely adapted and disease resis- Sweet Chocolate bells are often earlier, more productive, and more tant. Fruits keep well. #46126 Pkt Pkt $2.75; #46103B vigorous than bell peppers. $2.75 (3 g) $7.50 Corno Di Toro OG S Corno di Golden Cal Wonder OG ® Nematode-Resistant 80 days. (green > red) 72 days. (green > gold) Widely Sweet Peppers “Horn of the Bull” thick adapted and similar to Califor- bull’s horn type, extremely nia Wonder. The thick-walled, The first nematode-resistant bell peppers were productive, plants will Golden Cal Wonder golden ripe fruits average 3 × introduced by SESE. They were developed by Drs. produce so much fruit 3 in. 3 ft. plants. Does well in Fery, Duke, and Thies at the USDA, Charleston, that the plants can use a the Mid-Atlantic. #46105 Pkt SC. Many gardeners in the South have found it good staking! Great flavor, $2.50 difficult or impossible to grow sweet bell peppers beautiful vigorous plants. because of southern root-knot nematodes. Previous- Good pepper for frying Orange Bell OG S ® 90 days. ly they had to sterilize their soil or find alternative and cooking. #46131 Pkt (green > orange) [Seedstock from growing sites. Nematode-resistant varieties now $2.75; #46131B (3 g) Craig LeHoullier in NC.] Large, make it easy for organic growers and home garden- $7.50 thick-walled, sweet bells. Though later ers to grow bell peppers. maturing, the quality Gamba S ® 62 and flavor is the best of Carolina Wonder OG S ® 75 days. (green days. (green > red) any orange bell we’ve > red) [Introduced by SESE 1999.] The best Excels as a frying grown. Fruits are large, nematode-resistant bell for home gardeners. or stuffing pepper. blocky bells, 3½ in. Foliage, fruits, and yields are very similar to Very thick, meaty wide by 4 in. long. An California Wonder. This variety is a potentially flesh holds up outstanding variety. valuable line for well and sweetens #46120 Pkt $2.75 developing other during cooking. Gamba Orange Bell nematode-resis- Our favorite for Yellow Belle S 65 tant bell peppers. sweet, stir-fried days. (yellow > yel- It is also less peppers. Flattened bells, 3–3½ in. in diameter low-orange > crimson red) Mostly four-lobed, prone to develop- and 1½–2 in. deep with rich, deep-red color. 2½ × 3 in., thick flesh, borne erect on the plant. ing fungus in the #46116 Pkt $2.50 Heavy foliage, compact growth, and very attrac- seed cavity. The tive. In Southern areas premium-grade, Jimmy Nardello’s Italian fully ripe peppers may 3- and 4-lobed, OG S ® 6 58 days. develop fungus in the fruits weigh ¼–1/3 (green > crimson red) Best seed cavity during hot lb and measure sweet variety for drying. weather. A first-class 3 × 4 in. Sweet This treasure was in our salad pepper, very flavor even when Carolina Wonder seed bank for 15 years reliable and heavily green. #46123 before we grew it in our Yellow productive. #46109 Pkt $2.95; pepper trials; we wish we’d Pkt $2.50 #46123B (3 g) $7.50 offered it sooner! One Jimmy Nardello’s 40 Peppers www.SouthernExposure.com Pepper Species Guide: Our peppers fall into three species: Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum baccatum. C. annuum includes most peppers easily found in the U.S., and almost all sweet Hungarian Paprika OG S peppers. Disease resistance: C. baccatum and C. chinense are generally more disease-resistant than C. 670 days. (green > red) annuum. Processing: C. annuum generally has thicker walls, so adds more bulk to sauces. C. chinense Our seedstock originally has the thinnest walls, but C. baccatum tends to be easiest to dry. Flavors: While any hot pepper has came from Hungary, its heat mostly in its seeds and ribs, the heat of C. chinense is relatively more dispersed, and the heat where the paprika pepper of C. baccatum is especially concentrated in the seeds. C. baccatum and C. chinense generally have very has been developed to fruity flavors that complement sweet as well as savory dishes. its finest quality. This strain has excellent color of the more productive, disease-resistant, and Spice (Seasoning) Peppers and sweet, spicy flavor. most widely adapted heirloom sweet peppers 3 ft. plants produce an Hungarian we have grown. Tapered banana-shaped fruits Aji Dulce OG S abundance of 1½ × 4½ in. are multi-dimensionally sweet and intensely ® 6 (C. chinense) peppers. Fruit shows some Paprika flavored. Excellent for drying, frying, freezing, 99 days. (green susceptibility to sun- relishes, or salads. Thin-walled fruits are 3/4 in. to > orange-red > scald and blossom-end rot, but is otherwise an 1¼ in. at the shoulder and 5–8 red) [Venezuelan excellent variety. The fruits keep well. The sweet, in. long. 3 ft. plants. #46122 heirloom. Seed very dry flesh is ideal for drying. Grind dried Pkt $2.75 source from Donna fruits for a superb paprika seasoning. #46117 Hudson in TN.] Pkt $2.95 Marconi OG ® 6 80 days. Has the same Aji Dulce (green > red) Fabulous yields shape, size, color Trinidad Perfume with this 7 in. horn shaped and aroma as Habanero, but is sweet, spicy, S ® 6 (C. chinense) Trinidad Perfume Italian heirloom. Great for and delicious, with only a trace of heat. Highly 94 days. (green > yel- frying, drying, or using fresh aromatic fruits; their flavor is unusual and low) A spice pepper in salads. Very sweet whether complex, with overtones of black pepper and with lots of sweet flavor and a trace Marconi green or red, stands up well to coriander, and undertones of other spicy flavors. the heat. #46110 Pkt $2.50 An excellent choice for sautéed vegetables, rice of heat. 42 in. tall, and bean dishes, paprika, or herbal vinegars. The bushy plants with Melrose OG S ® 6 thin-walled pendant fruits are 1 × 2 in., tapering light green foliage. 1 (green > red) [Heirloom at both the stem and blossom end. Plants have × 1½ in. bright yel- Italian frying pepper dis- good foliage cover and bear at 18 in. high. Seed- low peppers. #46138 covered in Melrose Park, lings grow slowly at first, but grow rapidly later Pkt (0.20 g) $2.75 IL.] Productive plants in the season to 48 in. or more. #46601 Pkt full of 2 × 4 in. peppers (0.20 g) $2.75; #46601B (3 g) $7.50 that turn brilliant red Anaheim Chile OG ® 77 early. Very sweet flavor, Ancho Poblano ® 674 days. (green > deep red) rich and full-bodied. days. (green > red) Called A versatile mild pepper Excellent for salads, poblanos when fresh, the used fresh, canned, fried, roasting, and stir-frying. classic choice for chiles or dried. 6–8 in. pendant #46133 Pkt $2.75; Melrose rellenos. After ripening fruits are borne abundantly #46133B (3 g) $7.50 red and then dried, they on tall, productive, vigorous are called anchos and are plants. #46501 Pkt $2.50; Anaheim Super Shepherd OG S used in mole, adobo, and #46501B (3 g) $5.50 ® 66 days. (green > red- other sauces. Chunky brown > red) This Italian fruits up to 4 in. long. Ancho Poblano see Spice (Seasoning) Peppers sweet pepper is one of Usually mild when green, our most productive and may become slightly Ancho Poblano New! Balik S ® 6(green > versatile varieties. Early hotter when red. #46524 red) 46 days. [From Gokhan yields of high quality, Pkt $2.75 Erdinc of Istanbul, via Two defect-free fruits. Thick, Seeds in a Pod.] Sleek, crunchy juicy flesh good fresh, peppers, about 1 in. x 3 in., fried or pickled. 3–4 Hot Peppers generally with two lobes, sim- lobed fruits average 2 × ilar to fish in shape. (Its name, 4 in. long. Tall, vigorous Super Shepherd Aji Chinchi Amarillo OG S ® 6 (C. bacca- pronounced BA-luck, means plants. #46119 Pkt tum) 59 days. (green > golden orange-yellow) “fish” in Turkish.) Milder heat $2.75; #46119B (3 g) [Introduced by SESE 2018.] Fruity, flavorful, than most Jalapeños. Produc- $7.50 Seed grown and stewarded by Living with medium-high tive plants ~18 in. tall. #46530 Balik Energy Farm in Louisa, VA. heat. A heavy yielder Pkt $2.75 and a favorite in our Sweet Banana OG S 2016 pepper taste New! Grenada Sea- ® (Long Sweet Hun- test. Aji Amaril- soning OG S ® (C. garian) 70 days. (pale lo peppers are a chinense) 94 days. (green green > yellow > orange > key ingredient in > yellow) Unique flavor crimson red) [1941, AAS Peruvian cuisine. with strong fruity and winner.] Heavy yields of This rare “Chinchi” floral notes. Mild heat, attractive, banana-shaped strain bears smaller but spicier than most of peppers, 6 × 1½ in. Eaten peppers, about 3 × 1 our spice peppers. Stellar at any ripeness stage, in., much earlier in reviews in our 2019 pep- but sweetest when red. the season than the per taste test, unlike any Grenada Seasoning Great for colorful salads, standard Aji Amaril- Aji Chinchi Amarillo other pepper we have frying, and freezing. 42 in. lo. Thanks to Chris tried. 3 ft. plants. #46604 Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 Sweet Banana plants. Excellent choice Watson for providing for Mid-Atlantic region. our seedstock. #46526 Pkt $2.75 Peppers continue #46111 Pkt $2.75 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peppers 41 Peppers continued Jalapeño OG ® 72 Book of World Records as the largest hot pepper! days. (green > red) Good yields even under hot dry conditions. The classic salsa Ripe fruits hold well on the plants. #46520 Pkt chile. Medium-hot $2.95; #46520B (3 g) $7.50 1½ × 2½ in. thick- walled peppers New! Sally’s OG S ® 50 days. usually harvested Jalapeño (cream > purple-tinged > yel- Long Red Cayenne green, but can low > orange > red) 12-18 in. be left to mature plants bear lots of small ½ in. x Cayenne, Long Red OG ® 6 72 days. (green to red, or removed from the plants to redden ½ in. fruits with medium heat. > red) [Pre-1827.] A choice, fiery, red-hot indoors. (A chipotle is a smoked red jalapeño.) Short stature and ornamental seasoning pepper. Use fresh or dried, especially A teaspoon of jalapeño vinegar is excellent value make this pepper well in salsa or chili. 1 × 3–5 in. fruits. 42 in. plants. seasoning for bean soups. Jalapeños filled with suited to small gardens and #46504 Pkt $2.50 cream cheese and fried are a Southern specialty. container growing. #46532 Sally’s #46508 Pkt $2.50; #46508B (3 g) $5.50 Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 Czech Black OG S ® 6 58 days. (green > black > Jaloro Jalapeño OG S ® Serrano Tampiqueño OG S red) [Czech heirloom.] Highly 65 days. (yellow > orange ® 75 days. (green > orange ornamental. Pendant fruits (1 > red) [1992, Texas A&M.] > red-orange) Attractive 4 ft. × 2½ in.) are bluntly conical Big yields of colorful yellow plants with pendant, thin- and are medium-hot when Jalapeño, peppers, one of walled fruit (½ × 21 in.). red. 3 ft. plants, upright the best in our 2018 jala- Flavorful pepper, ideal for branches. Showy: red fruit at peño trials. 1½ x 2 in. fruits chili, salsa, hot pepper vinegar, the base, purple black fruit at Czech Black are juicy with thick walls. and pickling. Very hot wheth- the top contrasts with purple green leaves and Medium hot fruits, milder er green or red. Dries easily. white-streaked lavender flowers. Widely adapted than our regular Jalapeño. #46512 Pkt (0.20 g) $2.75; and very flavorful. #46505 Pkt $2.75 Shorter plants than our #46512B (3 g) $7.50 regular Jalapeño – a good Jaloro Fish Pepper OG S ® container variety! – with New! Xochiteco OG S ® Serrano 6 55 days. (green- bigger early harvests. Resistant to many diseases 655 days. (green > red) Tampiqueño white > green-yellow including TMV. #46529 Pkt $2.75 [From s. Mexico.] Ripe fruits > red) [African-Amer- slip easily off the plants and ican heirloom from Jasmyn Rissie OG are juicy and very easy to mash into hot sauce. MD.] White and S ® (C. baccatum) Medium heat. Delicious both green and red. green mottled leaves. 62 days. (pale green Fruits vary in shape, but average 3/8 in. x 1 in. Most of the 2 in. > red) A delightful Fuzzy leaves – but white flowers and calyx shape Fish long fruits have varie- little pepper with lots indicate that this variety is probably in the com- gated colors before of sweetness, intense, mon C. annuum species, and not the rare C. ripening to red. Beautiful edible landscape plant. fruity pepper flavor, pubescens species. 3 ft. plants have a tendency Great heat tolerance. Very hot, used traditionally and mild heat. The to lodge and make new stems from the base. in shellfish and fish cookery. Also good for dry- heat seems to us to be Support (cages or staking) is highly recommend- ing. #46518 Pkt $2.75; #46518B (3 g) $6.50 even more concen- ed. #46533 Pkt $2.75 Jasmyn Rissie trated in the ribs and Habanero OG S seeds than with other ® (C. chinense) hot pepper varieties. Nematode-Resistant Hot Peppers 95 days. (green Oblong to oblate, lantern-shaped fruits, about More great nematode-resistant peppers – see text > orange-red) 11 × 11 in., on 4-ft. plants. The most loved box on p. 40 for info on nematode-resistance! [Cultivated in the pepper in our 2016 pepper taste test. Similar to Yucatan, Trinidad, Peppadew. Collected in Hartbeespoort, South and West Indies.] Africa. #46527 Pkt $2.75 Carolina Cayenne OG A very aromatic, S ® 70 days. (green > flavorful, very hot Lombok OG S ® 6 90 days. (green > orange > red) [1986, Clemson U. pepper used in Ca- Habanero red) [Heirloom from a food market in Yogyakarta, & USDA.] 2–3 times ribbean curries and Indonesia.] An excellent hot drying pepper with more hot than regular jerk sauces. 1¼ × 2 in. thin-walled fruits. Slow great taste and rich color. Fruits measure 1 in. Cayennes! Heavy yields germinating. Requires a long warm growing at the shoulder and taper to 5–6 in. long. The of 1 × 5 in. fruits, larg- season; plants eventually reach 3–4 ft. #46506 lower third of the fruit Carolina er than most Cayenne Pkt (0.20 g) $2.75 is without heat and may peppers. Excellent be eaten like a sweet nematode resistance. 3 Hungarian Wax OG pepper. The best of our ft. plants. #46521 Pkt ® (Hot Banana) 60 dried hot pepper trials. $2.95; #46521B (3 g) $7.50 days. (pale green > 42 in. plants. #46515 yellow > crimson red) Pkt $2.75; #46515B Charleston Hot OG S ® 72 days. (green Long, banana-shaped, Lombok (3 g) $6.50 > yellow > orange > red) [1993, Charleston/ medium-hot, spicy USDA.] Almost as hot as Ha- ® peppers, 1½ × 6–7 Numex Big Jim OG S Numex Big baneros! Flavorful ½ × 5 in. in. A very reliable and 80 days. (green > red) fruits; a favorite for hot sauce productive variety [1975, New Mexico State in the Carolinas. Colorful adapted to the cool U.] Large, mild, Ana- fruits and the unusual yellow North as well as the heim-type peppers up leaves make this an interest- Deep South. Use to 12 in. long, on 48 in. ing ornamental. Very good fresh, canned, or plants. Great for stuffing. nematode resistance. 30–36 Hungarian Wax pickled. #46507 Pkt Listed by the Guinness in. plants. #46522 Pkt $2.95; Charleston $2.75 #46522B (3 g) $7.50 42 Peppers www.SouthernExposure.com Potatoes pg. 83; Sparkler White Tip ® 24 days. Bicolored Meet an SESE Seeds Grower: Sweet Potatoes pg. 84. globes, bright scarlet Melissa DeSa Working Food on the upper portion, and white on the lower Radishes third. Medium tops Raphanus sativus and sweet, white flesh. Sparkler White Culture: Sow seed in spring as soon as the #28108 Pkt $2.50 soil can be worked. Successive sowings can be made through May, and again in late summer. White Icicle ® 6 (Lady Hot, dry weather hastens bolting and caus- Finger) 29 days. [Pre- es the roots to become strong-flavored and 1865.] Mild-flavored, white, woody. Sow seeds 3/4 in. apart, ½ in. deep in carrot-shaped roots up to rows 8–12 in. apart and thin to 1½ in. apart. 4–5 in. long. Best harvested Maintain adequate soil moisture. Harvest: small, but remains milder Harvest salad-type radishes when small, when White Icicle than other varieties when roots are about the same diameter as a quarter. harvested large. Stands Storage: Store in plastic bags or containers in heat well. One of our the refrigerator. Seed Savers: Isolate a minimum favorites. Gardeners of 1/8 mile for home use. For pure seed isolate growing this for the from wild and cultivated first time are often radishes by a minimum pleasantly surprised Melissa DeSa helped found Working Food, of ¼ to ½ mile. Packet: by this good variety. a non-profit doing educational outreach 7 g (about 625 seeds), #28106 Pkt $2.50; and seed-saving out of Gainesville, Florida. #28106E (28 g) $5.50 Working Food partners with SESE partly Cherry Belle OG ® 24 through growing seed, such as cowpeas days. [1949, AAS win- and callaloo greens, but also assists in other ner.] Round roots, bright miscellaneous outreach projects, such as the red skin, and firm white Winter Storage Radishes Heirloom Collard Project and the South- flesh. Somewhat less Culture: Sow 5–10 weeks before first fall frost. eastern Organic Seed Summit. This year Cherry Belle susceptible to develop- Thin to wider spacing (4–6 in. apart) than Melissa worked with Jerome Feaster on his ing pithiness compared regular radishes. Harvest before temperatures Feaster Family Heirloom Mustard, a giant to other varieties. Our sweetest spring radish. drop below 20°F. Trimmed roots can store 2–3 broadleaf spicy mustard that has been grow- #28103 Pkt $2.50; #28103E (28 g) $5.50 months in the refrigerator or root cellar. These ing on Jerome’s old family farm in Florida radishes are daylength-sensitive and should for generations. She also supplied SESE Easter Egg ® 24 days. Easter not be sown in spring. Packet: 4 g (about 350 with seedstock for Everglades tomato, which Colorful mix of purple, red, seeds), sows 20 ft. is one of our new varieties for 2021. and white round radishes. Longer harvesting period Black Spanish Melissa has been thanks to the variety of Round ® 6 53 involved in seed types. #28951 Pkt $2.75; days. [Pre-1824.] work over the last #28951E (28 g) $5.75 Round roots grows ten years, and 3–4 in. or larger helped develop in diameter. Firm, Working Food from Red Head Back! white flesh and a grassroots seed Everglades Red Head ® (Roodkopje) thin, nearly-black library. Over the Tomato 25-30 days. [Dutch variety] skin. Very hardy, years, she has helped Ivory white/bright pink globes an excellent winter direct the non-profit are quick growing and mild keeper. Flesh is Black Spanish Round towards connections with SESE, Seed Savers flavored, best harvested at 1 crisp and pungent. Exchange, the Organic Seed Alliance, and in. They will pretty up any #28102 Pkt $2.50 many local and regional organizations. party tray or add a little mild Melissa strongly values the educational flavored crunch to your lunch Back! China Rose OG ® 6(Rose Colored aspects of Working Food, such as their box. #28110 Pkt $2.50 Chinese, Scarlet China Winter) 55 days. youth gardens project, which partners with [Brought from China to Europe by Jesuit mission- Gainesville’s Cultural Arts Coalition to aries. Introduced ~1850 in the U.S.] White flesh, provide science education and after school rose skin, about 5 in. in diameter. #28104 Pkt programming for at-risk children. The proj- $2.50 ect teaches kids science through gardening; Soil, plant biology, chemistry, seed saving, Daikon, Miyashige White OG Miyashige and cooking come to life through hands- ® (Raphanus sativus var. longip- White Daikon on experiences. During the pandemic, innatu) 65 days. [Originating the orientation of the project has changed from Asia, daikon (pronounced to providing exploratory themed kits, “dye-con”) is the Japanese word including one that explores seed-saving and Combahee Red Habanero for radish.] Juicy and flavorful, includes a collecting box, seeds, hand lens, can be used fresh in salads, and a zine full of activities about seeds. Combahee Red Habanero OG S ® (PA-559) (C. cooked in vegetable dishes, pick- chinense) 95 days. (green > red) [2008, Richard Fery led, used in kimchi, or grated Melissa is an ecologist by training, and so and Judy Theis, ARS/USDA. Introduced by SESE and mixed with ginger and soy when not at work she enjoys spending much 2015.] Red-fruited habanero bred for root-knot sauce to make a dip. Usually of her time outdoors. She loves walking nematode resistance. Clocking in at 256,433 Scoville harvested when 12 in. long and through the woods with her dog, and heat units, this is probably our most potent hot 2–3 in. in diameter, though it watching the seasons change. Melissa also is pepper! 1 in. wide x 13/4 in. long fruits. #46523 Pkt will grow much larger! #28201 an artist, and features linoleum prints and (0.20 g) $2.95; #46523B (3 g) $7.50 Pkt $2.95 other art on her Instagram page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Peppers, Radishes 43 Rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum Squash, Zucchini, Summer Squash & Zucchini Benning’s Green Tint OG ® 6 (C. pepo) 52 & Pumpkins days. [~1914.] One of the most beautiful and Cucurbita spp. hardy varieties of Patty Pan squash. Sau- cer-shaped fruits with scalloped edges and pale- Culture: Culture of squash and pumpkins is green, fine-textured flesh of good flavor. Harvest similar to that of cantaloupe and cucumber, when small. #53115 Pkt (4 g, ~42 seeds) $2.50 which are also members of the squash family. Squash and pumpkins require warm days and Cocozelle Italian Culture: Rhubarb grows well in the Mid-At- warm nights to mature properly. Sow seeds OG ® 6 (C. pepo) lantic. In the South, rhubarb can be grown in ½ to 1 in. deep. Bush varieties should be 59 days. [Pre-1934.] partial shade (ideally on north-facing slopes). spaced 18–30 in. apart in rows 4 ft. apart, or This Italian zucchini Losing up to 25% of plants over the course 6–8 seeds per hill, in hills 4 ft. apart. Vining is long and cylin- of a Southern summer is normal; to fill in varieties are planted in rows or hills 6–8 ft. drical. Young fruits gaps, divide up and replant roots in the fall/ apart. Keep soil moisture high by mulch- are dark green with winter, or plant new seedlings in the spring. ing. Seed Watering Notes: See Cucumbers light-green stripes Deep South summers are too hot for growing section. Transplanting Notes: See Cucumbers and the flesh is Fruit Set: rhubarb. Rhubarb prefers a soil pH of 6.2–6.8 section. Flowers may not set fruit greenish-white and Cocozelle and good levels of phosphorus, potassium, and in exceptionally hot weather. Plant out winter firm. Fruits grow organic matter; avoid planting in very sandy squash early enough so that fruit will already 10–12 in. long and soils. Plant 2–3 ft. apart in rows 3–5 ft. apart. be forming when high heat arrives. Harvesting become yellow when mature, but best quality Mulch plants and regularly irrigate them during Summer Squash: Harvest crooknecks and when harvested at 6–8 in. long. #53116 Pkt (3 the summer. Break off any flowering stalks back zucchini when 6–8 in. long. Zucchinis will g, ~33 seeds) $2.75 to the ground so that the plant’s energy goes grow large enough to become “attack zucchi- into producing stems. Harvesting: Rhubarb nis” if you don’t keep them harvested. Yellow Costata Romanes- leaves are poisonous – only the stems are edible. squash are the easiest to find when harvesting! ca OG ® 6 (C. Wait until the second year to harvest stems Harvesting Winter Squash: Winter squash pepo) 62 days. This from plants started from seed. Mature plants is ready for harvest when the rind loses its Italian heirloom can be harvested twice a week for 6–8 weeks in shiny luster, becomes duller, can no longer be zucchini is favored the spring. Harvest 1/3-½ of the stems, leaving dented by a fingernail, and when stems have for flavor. Fruits at least 5 stems still growing. Harvest stems by dried. Harvest by cutting stems 1 in. above remain tender pulling and twisting at the same time. Can also the fruit (leave stems on, squash will store even at 18 in.; be harvested lightly in the fall, or heavily right better). Do not allow fruits to become frosted. best picked at 12 in. before first fall frost (the tops die back after Store at 45–60°F and maintain good air Heavily ribbed fruits are frost, so help yourself before the stems will die circulation. Culinary: All squash seeds can be striped with alternating off anyway). Packet: 0.60 g (about 45 seeds). eaten. Diseases: Squash is affected by downy light and dark green and powdery mildew, and bacterial wilt. (See shades. Hardy vines Victoria 6[1837, Cucumbers section.) To prevent blossom-end grow larger than English variety rot, maintain an even supply of moisture. other summer squash. named for Queen Insect Pests: See Cucumber section for notes #53120 Pkt (3 g, Victoria; popular on cucumber beetles. For vine borers, mix ~19 seeds) $2.75 Costata variety still widely charcoal into soil just before planting to grown commercially.] reduce their numbers. For small varieties an- Cucuzzi – see Culinary Gourds, p. 22. 30–36 in. red-green other strategy is to pinch growing tip(s) when stems, select plants vines are 1–2 ft. long. This creates multiple Early Golden Summer for the largest and vines, increasing odds of escaping borer dam- Crookneck OG S ® 6 thickest stems. age. Use pyrethrum or sabadilla to control (Early Yellow Summer #34101 Pkt $3.25 Victoria cucumber beetles and squash bugs. Destroy Crookneck, Dwarf Summer eggs of squash bug by hand, or deposit eggs Crookneck) (C. pepo) 50 in a jar of soapy water. To trap squash bugs, days. [Native American variety place boards around base of plants. Squash dating to before European Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius bugs will hide under the boards at night and contact. It was commonly grown can be collected in the morning. Vine borers in Appalachia.] Picked at 5–6 can be cut out of stems by making a cut along in., the fruit is a bright golden the length of the stem and removing larvae of yellow with a curved neck, the borers. Keeping plants under row cover Early Golden creamy white flesh, and excel- until flowering extends plant survival. For Summer lent flavor. #53121 Pkt (2 g, non-resistant varieties of squash a succession Crookneck ~34 seeds) $2.95 of plantings may be required. Use resistant varieties, like Tromboncino, where possible, or Early Prolific Straightneck OG ® 6 (C. substitute edible gourds. Seed Savers: There pepo) 48 days. [1938, AAS winner.] Straight, Sandwich Island Mammoth are 4 species of pumpkins and squash. Species lemon-yellow, slightly club-shaped fruits. is listed in parentheses beside the name of each Harvest small, when 3–7 in. long. Quality variety. Crossing occurs easily within a species of the flesh Sandwich Island Mammoth ® 6 120 days. and rarely between species. Isolate varieties of is excellent. [Pre-1900.] Easy-to-grow roots, 1–1½ in. wide the same species by a minimum of 1/8 mile if Plants are very by 8 in. long. Sow in spring, seeds 1 in. apart, in you save seed for home use. Pure seed requires vigorous, hardy, rows 12–18 in. apart, thinning to 3–4 in. apart. hand pollination or a minimum isolation of ¼ and produc- Roots have an oyster-like flavor (some say scal- to 1 mile, depending on planting size. Sum- tive. #53101 lop-like or artichoke-like). Best harvested after mer Squash Packet: 2-5 g (about 25-56 seeds, Pkt (4 g, ~54 frost, roots keep well in ground. Use stewed, average 33 seeds) Winter Squash Packet: 2-6 seeds) $2.50; baked, or in a cream sauce. #63101 Pkt (3 g, g (about 13-49 seeds, average 28 seeds) #53101E (28 ~185 seeds) $2.75 g) $5.50 Early Prolific Straightneck 44 Rhubarb, Salsify, Squash www.SouthernExposure.com tive for farmers markets as well as the home Zucchini, Dark Green OG ® (C. pepo) 50 days. Squash Species Guide (Summer Squash, garden. Some fruit shape variability. Good pest Mottled dark green fruits with pale green flesh. Zucchini, Winter Squash & Pumpkins) resistance: plants are more likely to outlast the A vigorous, productive bush variety with early Cucurbita pepo Most zucchini and summer bugs and sprawl a bit. #53124 Pkt (3 g, ~41 concentrated yields. #53106 Pkt (4 g, ~28 squash are of this species. Winter squash variet- seeds) $2.95 seeds) $2.75 ies do not store well and are best eaten within a few months of harvest, but also need less time Tromboncino Zucchini, Grey OG S ® (Tender curing to sweeten up. Best planted in monthly Grey) (C. pepo) 42 days. Small successions throughout the summer due to vine to medium zucchini, often still borer susceptibility. If you have trouble growing tender at 18 in., with gray-green these squash, try luffa gourds or Tromboncino mottled skin. Small-seeded with summer squash as a substitute for zucchini. extended keeping quality. Long C. maxima Often quite large-growing, this harvest period. Excellent flavor species generally keeps well in storage, from a and texture; we’ve added “Tender few months to a year or more, depending on the Grey” to the name to try to get variety. Fine-textured flesh and very good flavor. this deserving variety some more May be tender and sensitive to wilt, as well as attention! #53107 Pkt (3 g, ~25 vine borers and other insect pests. These are a Tromboncino OG S ® 6 (C. moschata) 60 seeds) $2.95 Grey good choice where nights are cool. days. [Italian heirloom.] Light green fruits grow C. moschata Excellent keepers, with flavorful, long, curving to a bell at one end. Vining plants sweet flesh that is often fragrant. Well-suited for can be grown on a trellis. Harvest at 8–10 in. pies and cakes, though they are often just baked long when the flavor is fine and sweet. Vigorous Winter Squash or boiled. Good resistance to vine borers and moschata plants can bear all season in areas Growing instructions on previous page. cucumber beetles once the plants are beyond the where insects are a problem for other summer seedling stage. During the growing season, these squash. If left to mature, skin will ripen to tan Bush Varieties plants need night temperatures above 60°F to like a butternut squash. Grower Richard Moyer grow well. notes that the male squash blossoms sell well at market! #53607 Pkt (2.5 g, ~24 seeds) $2.95 C. mixta (C. argyrosperma) A traditional Southern crop, though their popularity has di- Yellow Crookneck OG ® 6 minished. The somewhat coarse flesh is typically (C. pepo) 55 days. [~1700.] not as sweet as maximas and moschatas, though Yellow, bulb-shaped fruit it is well-suited to savory dishes or may be with a narrow, curved neck. Yellow sweetened. Many are grown for the large, flavor- Skin becomes bumpy and Crookneck ful seeds, perfect for roasting. Like moschatas, warted on large fruits. Burpee’s they have good resistance to vine borers and Best eaten when fruits cucumber beetles. Excellent drought tolerance. are no longer than 6 in. urpee s utterbush S ® A consistently popular B ’ B OG (C. moschata) 86 days. [1978.] Earlier and smaller than Waltham Early White Bush Scallop OG S 6(White variety. #53102 Pkt (4 g, Patty Pan) (C. pepo) 54 days. [Pre-1722.] ~56 seeds) $2.50 Butternut, but even better tasting. A space-sav- White-fleshed fruits are whitish-green ripening ing variety for small gardens: most plants are bush-like, some have short runners. 11 lb. fruits to white. Fruits average 6–7 in. in diameter by 3 Zapallo del Tronco OG S 53 days. (C. max- in. tall. Very productive. #53103 Pkt (2 g, ~27 ima) Rare Argentinian maxima-type summer with sweet orange flesh, average 3–6 fruits per seeds) $2.75 squash. Light green fruits have a uniquely sweet, plant. (Not downy mildew resistant in summer rich texture. Harvest smooth, round fruits at 2-4 2013.) #53615 Pkt (2 g, ~29 seeds) $2.95 Golden Bush Scallop in. Squash bugs and squash vine borers make Table Queen OG S ® 6 (C. pepo) it hard to mature maxima winter squash in the 68 days. Golden-yellow, Southeast, but Table Queen Bush OG plump, Patty-Pan fruits with this one, (Acorn) (C. pepo) 80 on space-saving bush we at least get to days. [1948.] Space-saving plants. Prolifc and enjoy some great version of Table Queen (see hardy, the plants bear summer squash description on next page). continuously over a long for a while! Averages 5 fruits per plant. season. Downy mildew #53308 Pkt (5 #53108 Pkt (3 g, ~24 seeds) resistant. Harvest fruits g, ~29 seeds) $2.50 when 4–5 in. across. $3.25; #53308E Zapallo del Use boiled, fried or (28 g) $9.75 stir-fried. Matures 2 Golden Bush Vining Varieties Scallop weeks later than other Zucchini, Black Beauty OG (C. pepo) 48 Buttercup, Burgess OG 6 varieties, but flavor is days. [1957, AAS winner.] Fruits are dark (C. maxima) 100 days. superior. #53104 Pkt (3 g, ~41 seeds) $2.75; green, turning black green as fruit [1932.] This Burgess #53104E (28 g) $8.50 Seed grown and stew- matures. Plants are semi-spineless, Black strain of Buttercup is noted arded by Twin Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. semi-upright, with an open growth Beauty for its thick, fine-grained flesh habit. Flesh is white with small seed and excellent flavor. Fruits are Lemon Squash S cavity. Freezes well. Note: Our obser- flattened turbans, approxi- ® 6 (C. pepo) 50 vations over several seasons indicate mately 4½ × 6½ in., weighing days. Bright yellow that Black Beauty attracts squash 4–5 lbs. Rinds are dark green fruits look like bugs much more than other with slight ribs and a “button” lemons! Very prolific. varieties and we have used it on the blossom end. #53301 Delicious when eaten successfully as a trap plant Pkt (5 g, ~29 seeds) $2.50 Burgess young while the for hand-picking squash Buttercup skin is tender and bugs. #53105 Pkt (4 g, the seeds are small. ~29 seeds) $2.75 Winter Squash continues Tasty and attrac- Lemon on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Squash 45 Winter Squash continued Mrs. Amerson’s S ® Spaghetti Squash 6 (Vege- 6 (C. moschata) 110 table Spaghetti) (C. pepo) 90 days. 5-9 lb. squash days. 9 in. pale yellow fruits. with great flavor, Keeps well. Pale flesh breaks bakes quickly despite up into spaghetti-like strands its size. Tan skin, when cooked – boil fruit for orange flesh. Two 20–30 minutes and remove different shapes make flesh with a fork. Tasty flesh up the variety: one may be used like spaghetti, slightly bell-shaped, topped with your favorite Candystick Dessert the other flatter. sauce – a good low-carb Favorite of our 2009 option! #53110 Pkt (4 g, Spaghetti heirloom moschata ~25 seeds) $2.50 Delicata, Candystick Dessert OG S (C. pepo) trials. #53612 Pkt (3 Mrs. 98 days. [Bred by Carol Deppe and Nate France.] g, ~28 seeds) $2.75 Sweet Meat Squash 6 (C. maxima) Larger and sweeter than other delicatas, 2–3 lb. This excellent 12–15 lb squash has a slate green fruits have orange-tan skin with green stripes. North Georgia skin and orange flesh. Flesh has a dry texture Very sweet, dry flesh, bred to be a squash that Candy Roaster OG S and a buttery flavor you can serve up for dessert, with flavor “rem- 6(C. maxima) 100 that sweetens with iniscent of Medjool dates!” #53123 Pkt (2 g, days. [Early 1900s age. Excellent keep- ~31 seeds) $2.75; #53123E (28 g) $9.50 Appalachian Thanks- er. Thanks to its giving feasts included tender dry texture, Delicata Zeppelin OG S “candy roaster pie” in- can substitute for (C. pepo) 97 days. [Frank stead of pumpkin pie.] summer squash Morton] One of the North Rare heirloom variety. Georgia Candy in cooked foods. sweetest winter squashes we Banana-shaped fruits #53606 Pkt (4 g, Sweet offer. Cream-colored skin has are up to 18 in. long ~13 seeds) $2.50 dark-green stripes. 2 lb oblong and 6 in. wide, pink with blue tips. Smooth, fruits, 10 × 3 in. Semi-bush delicious orange flesh. #53304 Pkt (5 g, ~17 vines yield up to 8 fruits per seeds) $3.25 Table Queen Vine plant. #53117 Pkt (2 g, OG 6 (Acorn) (C. ~32 seeds) $2.75 Pennsylvania Dutch pepo) 85 days. [1913. Crookneck S ® The precursor of this Delicata Green-Striped Cushaw OG 6 (C. moschata) variety was grown by the S ® 6 (Striped Crook- 102 days. [PA Table Queen Arikara Indian tribe in neck) C. argyrosperma) 110 Heirloom.] Similar to the early 1800s.] Acorn days. [Pre-1893, possibly butternuts, but with squash, averages 6 in. pre-1860. Cushaws came from the West Indies, much longer necks. long. Dark-green rind, earlier than 1700.] This bulb-shaped squash is a Tan skin and deep fine textured, gold- reliable producer and the Pennsylvania orange flesh with en-yellow flesh. Sweetens most popular of its class. Dutch Crookneck great flavor. Seeds in storage. Excellent for Large, vigorous vines are are in the bulb end baking. #53109 Pkt (3 resistant to squash vine borer of the squash, so g, ~34 seeds) $2.50 and downy mildew. Fruits slicing up the long neck is fast and easy work in average 10–12 lbs, about 18 the kitchen. Vigorous vines, impressive yields Tahitian Melon OG in. long, and 10 in. wide even in 2013’s cold, wet summer. Good keepers. S ® (C. moschata) at the bowl. Not a good #53618 Pkt (2 g, ~23 seeds) $2.75 120 days. Long-necked keeper. Whitish-green butternut type has one skin with mottled green South Anna Butternut OG S ® (C. moscha- of the highest sugar stripes. Thick, light yel- ta) 100 days. A new Downy Mildew resistant contents of any winter low flesh is slightly sweet butternut developed by Edmund Frost of Com- squash. The sweet, and medium-coarse. Fine mon Wealth Seed Growers. Stemming from fine-textured neck flesh for pies and baking. The Green-Striped a 2011 cross between Seminole Pumpkin and is excellent for pies and mashed squash is great Cushaw Waltham Butternut, the final stages of selection soups. Large (10–20 lb) Tahitian Melon when fried with savory are ongoing. Expect excellent DM resistance, fruits keep well for 9+ herbs. #53501 Pkt (4 g, productivity and keeping quality, as well as rich months. #53613 Pkt (3 g, ~27 seeds) $2.75 ~18 seeds) $2.95 sweet flavor. Immature fruits are mostly dark green. These ones take longer to turn fully tan, Thelma Sanders’ Sweet Potato OG 6 (C. Back! Illinois OG S ® 6(C. argyosperma) 95 but when they do you pepo) 96 days. [Family heirloom from Thelma days. [Grown in s. Illinois since at least the 1830s, can be sure that they are Sanders in Adair County, MD. Introduced 1988 including by friends ripe. South Anna will by SESE.] Acorn-type squash up to 6 in. long. of Abraham Lincoln’s avoid the crop failure Ripens from cream to light gold. Lighter squash parents.] Long white that can occur in years color helps prevent sunscald in Deep South. 15-30 lb. fruits with when DM comes early, Thick, golden yellow flesh with fine large curved necks and provide higher, texture and and some green mot- better quality yields in superb flavor. tled striping. Light years with average DM Sweetens yellow flesh has mild, pressure. Can be planted in storage. pleasant flavor. Earli- late, allowing for later Great vigor in er and better keeping harvests that will keep VABF’s 2009 than Green-Striped better into the winter squash trials. Cushaw. #53503 and spring. #53621 Pkt #53111 (2 g, Illinois Pkt (4 g, ~16 seeds) (3 g, ~23 seeds) $3.50; ~34 seeds) Thelma Sanders’ Sweet Potato $2.95 South Anna #53621D (14 g) $11.50 $2.75 Butternut 46 Squash www.SouthernExposure.com Upper Ground bell-shaped buff-colored fruits averaging 6 in. Sweet Potato Pumpkins in diameter. Resistant to vine borers. Excellent S ® 6 (C. downy mildew resistance; a good choice for hot, moschata) Pumpkin is the word used to describe a pump- humid, disease-prone areas. Give it ample water 100 days. kin-shaped squash, but there are many colors, and room to roam. Also good as a summer [Appalachian sizes, and types of pumpkins in the different squash when picked young. #53604 Pkt (3 g, heirloom from squash species. Generally, Hallowe’en pumpkins for ~28 seeds) $2.95 Seed grown and stewarded KY. Introduced Upper Ground Sweet Potato carving are pepo types. The best-flavored pumpkins by Living Energy Farm in Louisa, VA. 1988 by SESE.] are maxima and Small Sugar Vigorous vines, hardy and productive even in moschata types. Small Sugar OG 6 (New drought. Resembles a butternut squash without The most bug-re- England Pie, Sugar Pumpkin) the neck. The yellow-orange to orange flesh is sistant pumpkins (C. pepo) 100 days. [Pre-1860.] sweet and similar to butternut. #53614 Pkt (3 are moschata A traditional favorite of home g, ~30 seeds) $2.75 types. gardeners. Sweet dry flesh is high in solids and low in Big Max OG (C. stringiness. Round orange fruits weigh 6–8 lbs. #53114 Pkt (4 maxima) 115 Big Max days. Extra large g, ~34 seeds) $2.50; #53114E pumpkin often (28 g) $5.50 grown for county fairs and Hallowe’en. Weighs up Order online at to 100 lbs. or more when well grown. Bright or- ange fruits with orange flesh good for pies. #53303 www.SouthernExposure.com Pkt (6 g, ~22 seeds) $2.75 for fastest service and largest selection.

Waltham Butternut

Waltham Butternut OG ® (C. moschata) 95 days. [1970, AAS winner.] Very vigorous and dependable. Fruits average 8–9 in. long, 3–4 lbs, and have buff-colored skin, and fine-textured, sweet, orange flesh. Can be harvested when small and used like a summer squash. Excel- lent resistance to vine borers. Stores very well. #53601 Pkt (4 g, ~49 seeds) $2.50; #53601E Connecticut (28 g) $5.50

Waltham Butternut, Connecticut Field OG 6 (Big Tom, Yankee Virginia Select S ® (C. Cow Pumpkin) (C. pepo) 110 days. [Pre-1700 Thai Kang Kob OG S moschata) 95 days. [In- cultivar of Native American origin.] Still the most ® 6 (C. moschata) troduced 2008 by SESE.] popular variety of large Hallowe’en pumpkins. 110 days. [Thai variety.] Virginia grower Barbara 15–20 lbs fruits are bright orange, slightly ribbed, High yields of flattened, Kling started this selection and vary in shape and size. Good for canning, ribbed 6–8 lb. fruits back in the ‘70s, and her baking, and pies. #53113 Pkt (4 g, turning from green to son Carl continues the ~20 seeds) $2.75 tan in storage. Thin, ed- work, selecting for shorter ible skins make peeling necks and for squash that Rouge Vif d’Étampes OG 6 unnecessary. Appealing can keep up to a year! (Cinderella) (C. maxima) flavor, stronger than One of the best perform- 120 days. [First available most moschata squash. ers in Twin Oaks Seeds’ Waltham in the US in 1883. “Rouge Excellent Downy 2012 butternut trials. Butternut, Vif” is French for “deep mildew resistance. One #53608 Pkt (3 g, ~34 Virginia Select red.”] Beautiful, rich or- of the best in our 2013 seeds) $2.95; #53608D moschata trials. #53617 ange pumpkin with deep Thai Kang (14 g) $7.75 ribs and a flattened shape. Pkt (3 g, ~23 seeds) Good for pies. 12–35 lb $2.75 fruits. #53305 Pkt (5 g, ~18 seeds) $2.75 Winter Luxury Pie OG S 6(C. pepo) 100 days. [1893, improved and Seminole OG S ® 6 popularized by Gill Brothers (C. moschata) 95 days. Rouge Vif Seeds by 1917.] Deep [Cultivated in Florida by orange and slightly netted the Native Americans in the with sweet, tender flesh. 1500s.] Keeps up to 1 year at room temperature! Fruits are 6½ in. tall, 8 in. Small fruits are sweeter than Butternut and wide, average 6½ lbs. In have firm, deep-orange flesh. Large vines bear The Compleat Squash, au- thor Amy Goldman says, “Winter Luxury Pie makes the smoothest and most velvety pumpkin pie I’ve ever had.” #53152 Pkt (4 Winter Luxury Pie g, ~34 seeds) $2.95 Irena, Hollis, and Kristina in the tomato trials Seminole Sweet Potatoes pg. 84.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Squash, Pumpkins 47 Tomatoes Dwarf Tomatoes Red Tomatoes Solanum lycopersicum The Dwarf Tomato Project is an international group Culture: Sow seeds 6 weeks before the last of tomato enthusiasts devoted to breeding short frost date for your area. Plant seed 1/4 in. deep tomato varieties with great flavor. in shallow flats and maintain soil temperature Dwarf Emerald Giant in the range of 75–85°F for good germination. S ® 77 days. (Dwarf When the seedlings have produced several Indeterminate) [2011, leaves, transplant to 3 in. pots to promote root Dwarf Tomato Project.] Tasty, bright green fruits, growth. After transplanting, keep seedlings 6-16 oz; some fruits have a pink blushing on at a lower temperature at night, 50–60°F, to the bottom when ripe. (If unsure, feel the fruits promote earlier flowering in some varieties. Day – ripe ones will be soft!) One of the tastiest and temperatures should rise to 75–85°F to promote most disease-resistant dwarfs in Craig LeHoulli- rapid growth. Expose plants to light and air er’s 2015 trials. 2-4 ft. tall plants, rugose foliage. Abraham Lincoln currents to harden the plants and to encourage #49256 Pkt $2.95 stockiness. Water sparingly, but do not allow the Abraham Lincoln OG S ® 6 (Early Abraham growth to be checked. Fertilize with complete, Geranium Lincoln) 70 days. (ab, asc) (Indeterminate) [The soluble fertilizer or fish emulsion if leaves Kiss OG S original Abraham Lincoln was a late-maturing become yellow and/or purple. Keep phos- ® 68 days. variety introduced about 1923. This early season phorous levels high. Too much nitrogen will (Dwarf selection (circa 1975) ripens 10–12 days earlier, delay fruiting. For transplanting to the garden, Indetermi- has smaller fruit, and does not have the bronze- average soil temperature should be 60–65°F. nate) [Alan green foliage characteristic of the original.] Flavor Spacing: Staked plants should be spaced 24 in. Kapuler] is slightly acidic and distinctive. Plants have apart. Caged plants should be spaced 36–48 Massive clus- excellent resistance to foliage disease – highly in. apart in rows 60 in. apart. Diseases: Plant ters of ½-4 recommended where foliage disease is a prob- disease-resistant varieties for a sustained harvest. oz. red fruits lem. Medium-sized, red fruits are very uniform. Leaf blight diseases such as early blight and with pointed #49101 Pkt $2.75; #49101A (1.5 g) $6.50 alternaria begin to appear about mid-July, and blossom ends plants are more susceptible once fruit produc- borne high Geranium Kiss tion begins. To reduce disease problems, use on stocky resistant or tolerant varieties and rotate tomatoes 1½-4 ft. plants. A great container variety. Late to different parts of the garden each year, using Blight resistant. #49259 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.95 a 4-year rotation. Mulching and caging/staking Rosella Purple OG S plants helps prevent disease. Fusarium wilt (race ® 65 days. (Dwarf 1), a disease caused by a soil fungus, is com- Indeterminate) mon in the Mid-Atlantic region during mid- to [Dwarf Tomato Proj- late-season. Fusarium races 1 and 2 are present ect.] Similar to Cher- in southern regions. Where Fusarium wilt is okee Purple for great present a 6-year rotation or use of resistant vari- flavor and 6–10 oz. eties is recommended. Do not plant eggplants, deep-purple fruits, peppers, or potatoes in wilt-infested soil during but on shorter Atkinson the rotation period. Avoid planting tomatoes plants suitable for near walnut trees to avoid “walnut wilt.” Early container gardening. Atkinson OG S ® 70 days. (Indeterminate) blight and anthracnose are common in the Productive 36 in. (fw1,rkn,gls) [Introduced 1966 for hot humid Mid-Atlantic region, and are favored by hot, plants need some areas by Alabama’s Auburn U.] An excellent humid conditions. Late blight is more common staking to keep up- producer of 6–10 oz flattened globular red fruit in inland regions at higher elevations, especially right and to prevent Rosella Purple on vigorous plants with heavy foliage. Medium during the spring and fall. Blossom-end rot is sunscald. Fruits have fruits keep well, meaty with good color and fla- prevented by ensuring an adequate level of soil few seeds. Rugose vor. #49212 Pkt $2.75; #49212A (1.5 g) $6.50 calcium and steady moisture. Pests: Tomatoes foliage. #49250 Pkt $3.25 planted in healthy soil will generally have few Brandywine OTV See OTV Brandywine. severe pest problems. Foliage: Many heirlooms Summer Sweet Gold are “potato-leafed” – their leaves look like those OG S ® 79 days. of potatoes. Some folks think these larger leaves (Dwarf Indeterminate) Determinate vs. Indeterminate: Determinate improve fruit flavor and aide pest control. [2015, Dwarf Tomato Project.] When we visited varieties are short-vined plants that may not Flavor: Type of fertilizer used has an effect on Craig LeHoullier’s dwarf tomato trials in 2015, need staking, though yields will be much better flavor. Highly flavored tomatoes are sometimes this was one of our favorites for taste and plant if plants are staked. Indeterminate varieties are subject to “off flavors” under certain growing vigor. Medium to large yellow flattened fruits, long-vined plants that bear fruit continuously. conditions. Avoid placing freshly harvested great flavor. Rugose foliage. #49257 Pkt $2.95 These varieties should be caged or staked. Some tomatoes in the refrigerator because refrigeration varieties are semi-determinate. Mulching: Too will destroy much of the delicate flavor. Toma- much mulch on the soil in the spring may delay Culture of Greenhouse Tomatoes: Green- growth by preventing soil temperature from toes are best stored at a temperature above 50°F. house-grown tomatoes require pollination for Seed Savers: Isolate varieties of L. lycopersicon by rising enough to support active root growth. good fruit set. Vibrate the blossom clusters In June, apply a deep mulch around plants to a minimum of 35 ft. for home use and 75–150 with an electric toothbrush or tap them with a ft. for pure seed. Isolate varieties of L. pimpinel- conserve moisture, prevent disease, and increase pencil. Daytime temperature should not exceed yield. Yield: Too much nitrogen after transplant- lifolium from all other tomatoes by a minimum 90°F, and night temperatures should drop below of 150 ft. Maturation: Days to maturity are ing will delay flowering. High levels of phospho- 70°F, but not lower than 55°F. Optimum night rus are necessary to produce good yields. Pruning the number of days after transplanting. Packet: temperature is 59–68°F. At 40°F some tomato Seed size varies considerably. 0.16 g unless oth- and staking increase early fruiting at the expense varieties show tissue damage not readily visible. of yield. Indeterminate varieties may be pruned erwise stated (about 40–83 seeds, depending on Greenhouse Pests: Greenhouse tomato pests variety, average 64 seeds) sows 100 ft. Seeds/oz: if necessary. Pruning of determinate varieties such as whiteflies, mealybugs, aphids, and spider should be kept to a minimum. For largest yields, 7,000–15,000 seeds/oz (average 11,500) sows mites can be controlled with insecticidal soap up 11–21 acres of transplants at 24 in. spacing in cages 21 ft. wide by 5 ft. tall are recommended to one day before harvest. Whiteflies, winged- for indeterminate varieties. rows 60 in. apart. aphids, and leafminers are attracted to and 48 Tomatoes trapped by sticky-yellow traps. www.SouthernExposure.com Costoluto Fiorentino OG S ® 6 83 days. Illini Star OG S ® Extra-Early Red Tomatoes (Indeterminate) [Italian heirloom from the 65 days. (Indetermi- Tuscany region.] One of nate) [Developed by IL Glacier OG S ® 58 the most heat tolerant grower Merlyn Niedens.] days. (Determinate) and productive varieties Produces heavy crops of Unlike other extra-ear- in a 2011 U. of Georgia 6–8 oz fruits on 4–6 ft. ly varieties, produces trial. Also did well in plants. Deep red toma- both an early crop and continues to bear the Virginia in 2013’s cool, toes have excellent flavor Illini Star wet summer. 8–12 oz. and good disease- and entire season. Great red, deeply lobed fruits. split-resistance. Strongly flavor, especially for Glacier Richly flavorful for sauc- recommended to market growers and home an early variety. 11 es and stuffers, or just Costoluto gardeners alike. #49199 Pkt $2.75 in. bright red fruits. slice them up! #49251 Fiorentino We have had yields of 3/4 bushel per plant. Very Joe Thieneman Australian Heart ® Pkt $2.75 S 80 cold-tolerant and may survive a light frost. days. (Indeterminate)[Kentucky family heirloom, Potato leaf foliage. #49196 Pkt $2.75 Delicious S 77 days. (cr) (Indeterminate) from seed brought back by a friend returning from [Introduced by Burpee after years of selection from WW2 service in Australia.] Moderate production Sophie’s Choice OG S 655 Beefsteak.] Large, meaty beefsteak-type toma- of large, meaty, heart-shaped red tomatoes. 12- days. (Determinate) [Heirloom toes, most 1–2 lbs; a 73/4 lb fruit held the world’s oz fruits have few seeds and great taste. Produces from Edmonton, Canada, record for largest tomato for almost 30 years! until frost. #49226 Pkt $2.50 sent to SESE from Dr. Male. Relatively free of defects for a large-fruited to- Introduced 1997.] Highly Large Red ® 6 mato. Red, meaty flesh with small seed cavities. OG S productive, flavorful and #49110 Pkt $2.75 85 days. (Indeterminate) large-fruited. Ripens ahead of [Original seed from all other extra-early varieties Druzba OG S ® 6 (ab, ber, the USDA. Historical in our trials. Unlike other ex- cf, cr) 75 days. (Indeterminate) notes by Hank and tra-early varieties, the fruits are [Bulgarian heirloom. Introduced Linda Trent. Prior to the flavorful and large, averaging 1995 by SESE from seed from Dr. Civil War, one of the most 6–8 oz and weighing up to 12 Carolyn Male.] Excellent juicy commonly grown and Sophie’s oz. Large fruits with orange-red Choice sweet flavor. 5 oz fruits are borne best documented tomato Large Red exteriors and deep-red interiors 2–4 to a cluster. Although the varieties in the country. on small plants, only 18–24 in. tall. Quality is fruit walls are tender, they Listed in the 1843 Shaker best in cooler climates – does not handle heat or are resistant to fruit diseases, seed catalog at New Lebanon, NY, the Large Red drought well. #49188 Pkt $2.75 Druzba cracking, and blossom tomato is vital for ante-bellum garden recreations end rot. Produces a large and historic farms. Fearing Burr in his 1865 book percentage of uniform-ripening, stated, “From the time of the high-quality blemish-free fruit. introduction of the tomato to Marglobe VF OG S ® 6 (Marglobe Im- Well liked at farmers mar- its general use in this country, proved) (vw, fw1, asc, clm, nhr, st, sun) 70 days. kets. #49157 Pkt $2.75; the Large Red was almost (Determinate) [A select strain of the old favorite #49157A (1.5 g) $6.50 the only kind cultivated, or Marglobe originally released by the USDA in even commonly known.”] 2 1925.] Marglobe has been in demand for several × 4 in. deep-red fruits are generations while many other varieties have come Homestead 24 OG S ® heavily ribbed or lobed and and gone. This selection has been improved for Marglobe VF (asc, cf, cr, fw1) 80 flattened in shape – quite days. (Semi-determi- disease-resistance. Red, medium-sized, 5–8 oz. distinct from modern toma- fruits with firm walls and good flavor. Stocky, vigorous plants with nate) [1966.] Devel- toes. Sweet with a bit of tang oped for hot humid excellent disease tolerance. Vines provide good protection from and some flavor intricacy. sunscald. #49126 Pkt $2.75; #49126A (1.5g) $5.75 coastal areas, especially Vines provide medium Florida. Often grown foliage cover. We introduced Martian Giant Slicer OG S ® 95 days. (Semi-determinate) in the Mid-Atlantic Large Red for historical rea- [Developed for organic market gardeners by Seeds of Change, further region, where it sons, but we were surprised selected by Bill Reynolds of Eel River Produce.] Juicy red beefsteak reliably sets fruit at and pleased during our 1996 with firm texture and a good acid/sweet balance. It has done well in high temperatures. trials to find that it became a our trials – even in the very wet 2004 season it produced loads of Red 8 oz slightly Homestead 24 favorite of a local restaurant’s big, beautiful tomatoes. #49202 Pkt $2.75 flattened globes. chef. #49183 Pkt $2.75 #49121 Pkt $2.75 Mortgage Lifter VFN OG S ® (Red Mortgage Lifter) 83 days. (ab, asc, Key to Tomato Disease Tolerance: Known disease tolerance or resistance is indicated in parentheses after the vw, fw1, rkn) (Indetermi- variety name. V, F, and N at the end of a variety name indicate known resistance to Verticillium wilt, Fusarium nate) An improved version wilt, and nematodes, respectively. Many factors affect disease resistance and results may vary from region to of Radiator Charlie’s Mort- region and from season to season. Disease resistant varieties will not be totally disease-free but they will resist or gage Lifter (see Pink & tolerate disease better than other varieties. Note that many heirloom tomatoes have not been extensively tested Pink-Red Tomatoes) with for disease tolerance either in the laboratory, or in extensive field trials – absence of disease resistance informa- increased disease-resistance tion in the variety description does not imply lack of resistance. and more uniform fruit, Mortgage ab Alternaria (early blight) cr Crack resistance nhr Nail head rust ripening to red rather than Lifter VFN pink-red. Large, 10–14 oz. asc Alternaria stem canker cs Crease stem rkn Root knot nematode fruits, not as large as the original Mortgage an Anthracnose fw1 Fusarium wilt, race 1 sls Septoria leaf spot Lifter, but the plants are much more pro- ber Blossom end rot fw2 Fusarium wilt, race 2 st Stemphylium spot ductive. It still deserves the Mortgage Lifter bw Bacteria wilt gw Gray wall sun Sun scald reputation and is one of our most productive cf Cat facing gls Gray leaf spot tmv Tobacco mosaic virus tomatoes. 6–7 ft. tall plants bear until frost. #49129 Pkt $2.95; #49129A (1.5 g) $7.50 clm Cladosporium leaf mold lb Late blight vw Verticillium wilt Favorite disease-resistant varieties: Atkinson, Druzba, Eva Purple Ball, Geranium Kiss, Homestead 24, Mar- Red Tomatoes continue globe VF, Mason Marvel Ph.D., Matt’s Wild Cherry, Mortgage Lifter VFN, Mountaineer Delight, Mountain- on the next page. eer Pride, Neptune, Ozark Pink VF, Roma VF Virginia Select, Tropic VFN, West Virginia 63, Yellow Centiflor ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 49 Continued OTV Brandywine OG S ® 72 Stupice OG S ® 62 Red Tomatoes days. (Indeterminate) [Named days. (Indeterminate) In 1963, West Virginia U. professor Mannon Gal- and released by Dr. Carolyn [Czech.] Pronounced Stu- legly released West Virginia 63 tomato (see lower Male and Craig LeHoullier, PEET-sa. Early bearing, right), one of the first tomatoes bred for Late Blight editors of Off the Vine (OTV), productive, disease-toler- resistance. 50 years later, Gallegly and colleague heirloom tomato newsletter. ant, and flavorful. It usu- Mahfuz Rahman used WV 63 tomato to breed two Bred from an accidental cross OTV Brandwine ally produces until frost. new, larger tomatoes, with disease resistance now of Yellow Brandywine and an Great flavor depth with including Septoria leaf spot! unknown red beefsteak.] One excellent sweet-tart bal- of the best Brandywine strains. Smooth, creamy, ance. Juicy 3–4 oz. fruits Stupice Mountaineer almost buttery texture, and harmonious sweet borne in clusters of 6–8. Delight OG S flavor. Fruits are a rich red color with an orange Fruit ripens to red (with an orange undertone) ® (West Virgin- undertone. Produces a large percentage of usable with some tendency for green shoulders later in ia ‘17B) (fw, lb, attractive tomatoes, relatively free of defects, the season. A great salad tomato. #49141 Pkt sls, vw) 77 days. averaging 12 oz. Excellent potato leaf foliage $2.75; #49141A (1.5 g) $5.50 (Indeterminate) cover. 6–8 ft. tall plants. The most productive uper hoice ® 6 [WVU 2017. and heat-tolerant Brandywine. A must for every S C OG S Introduced 2018 tomato lover. #49189 Pkt $2.95 85 days. (Indeterminate) [KY by SESE.] Larger heirloom from Rev. Hobart red beefsteak, Peron OG S ® Pearson.] Tall (7 ft.) vigorous sweeter flavor Mountaineer Delight (Peron Sprayless) vines yield 1–1½ lb. classic than the original 70 days. (Indeter- beefsteaks with wonderful West Virginia 63 tomato. Great disease resis- minate) [Introduced flavor and texture. Perfect tance, fruits hold well on the vine. #49264 Pkt 1951 by Gleckler’s for tomato sandwiches. $2.95; #49264A (1.5 g) $7.25 from Argentina. #49216 Pkt $2.75 Super Choice Called “Sprayless” ® Mountaineer because the vigorous Tropic VFN OG S (vw, Pride OG S ® vines needed no fw1, asc, rkn, ab, clm, gw, st, (West Virginia treatment.] Tasty Peron tmv1, tmv4, sun, cr) 80 days. ‘17A) (fw, lb, red tomatoes on (Indeterminate) [Developed sls, vw) 80 days. disease-resistant vines. Produces a high percent- by U. of Florida.] This (Indeterminate) age of uniform, defect-free 3–4 in. fruits. Flavor exceptionally disease-resistant [WVU 2017. is sweet with some intricacy. Reliable, flavorful, variety has excellent versatility Introduced 2018 and a garden mainstay. #49184 Pkt $2.75; as a garden, greenhouse, or by SESE.] Me- #49184A (1.5 g) $6.50 market tomato. Sweet-flavored dium red slicers, fruit averages 8–9 oz, is thick- good flavor, great Mountaineer Pride Stone S ® 6 78 days. walled, and tends to sit high Tropic VFN disease resis- (ab, fw1) (Indetermi- on the vine under a protective tance. Firmer skins make this a good variety for nate) [1889.] Bright red, cover of foliage. Recommended highly for the market growers to ship and to bring to market. slightly flattened 5–7 Mid-Atlantic and hot, humid, disease-prone Fruits hold well on the vine. #49262 Pkt $2.95; oz. globes with uniform areas, especially where blight is a problem. #49262A (1.5 g) $7.25 ripening. An all-purpose #49145 Pkt $2.95 tomato with good keep- Neptune OG S West Virginia 63 (Centen- ing quality, especially rec- ® ® (vw, fw1, fw2, ommended for canning. nial) OG S 70 days. (fw1, bw, gls) 67 days. Fruits are somewhat Stone lb, sun, vw) (Indeterminate) (Determinate) acidic, and not as sweet [1963, WVU AES.] 6–8 [Developed and as other varieties, but Stone is a dependable, oz red fruits, meaty flesh, released to SESE in very drought-hardy tomato that will last the small cores, few blemishes. 1999 by Dr. J. W. full season. This old variety has shown better Excellent, mildly sweet flavor. Scott at the U. of resistance to foliage disease and fruit rot than Good disease resistance in- Florida.] An early- some of the other old varieties we have grown. cludes resistance to late blight race T-0 and some resistance to mid-season fresh #49140 Pkt $2.50; #49140A (1.5 g) $5.50 West Virginia 63 market tomato to T-1. #49239 Pkt $2.75 specially bred for heat tolerance Neptune Storage Tomatoes and resistance to Though the quality of winter storage varieties Long Keeper OG ® 78 days. (Semi-deter- bacteria wilt which is prevalent in the Southeast doesn’t match that of fresh garden tomatoes, minate) Fruits become ripe 6–12 weeks and Florida. Recommended for gardeners and flavor and texture is superior to most winter after harvest. Some customers report market growers in hot, humid, rainy growing supermarket tomatoes. Best planted 1–2 months storing it for 4–6 months. Fruits are regions where it is difficult to grow tomatoes. after the main tomato crop, timing the harvest mature for harvest when they have 4-oz. red fruits in clusters of 2–4 on short vines. for fall. Avoid watering plants in the 2 weeks #49195 Pkt $2.75; #49195A (1.5 g) $6.75 a pale pink blush. 4–7 oz fruits before frost. Harvest unblemished tomatoes ripen in storage to a satiny, red-orange before frost. Dark green fruits won’t ripen off Old Virginia OG S ® 6 color. #49125 Pkt $2.75 80 days. (Indeterminate) the vines. Keep out of direct sunlight, ripen at Reverend Morrow’s Long Keeper [Heirloom from the Giltner room temperature or lower. Store so fruits aren’t ® 6 83 days. (Determinate) family.] Old-time sweet/tart touching, and check for ripeness and rotting S weekly. Used apple boxes with their fruit sepa- [Louisiana heirloom.] Lots of 6–10 oz red- tomato taste. 4–7 oz., dark dish-orange fruit with reddish-pink red, smooth, round fruits rators are convenient for this. Some folks wrap individual fruits in newspaper. One longtime flesh. This tomato’s excellent stor- with few seeds. The 5–6 ft. age quality earned it a place in tall plants produce even in grower says he prevents rot by regularly turning over the fruits so they ripen more evenly. our garden. Stake plants for the long hot summers. Good highest quality fruit. #49231 yields and flavor make this a Old Virginia Alston Everlasting Pkt $2.50 Long Keeper #49215 Pkt $2.75 : See Small & Cherry keeper. Tomatoes San Marzano: See Processing Garden Peach See Yellow & Orange Tomatoes. 50 Tomatoes & Paste Tomatoes Hege German Pink Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes S ® 6 73 days. (In- [Popular Dr. Walter S determinate) Arkansas ® 6 75 days. heirloom sold at farmers Traveler OG (Indeterminate) markets by Welcome, S ® 6 89 [from New Zea- NC, grower Hege, days. (Inde- known as L. E.] Large land.] One of the Hege German Pink terminate) best heirlooms for pink beefsteaks with [Pre-1900 market gardeners. terrific flavor. 12–24 heirloom grown Medium-tall inde- oz. #49241 Pkt $2.50 throughout the terminate produces Illinois Beauty South from lots of delicious, S ® 80 days. (Inde- NW Arkan- low-acid, 8-oz. red Dr. Walter Arkansas Traveler terminate) [Selected by sas to North globes. #49223 grower Merlyn Niedens Carolina.] An Pkt $2.50 from an accidental cross.] old Southern heirloom esteemed for its ability to German 6-ft. plants are heavy produce flavorful tomatoes under conditions of producers of 4–6-oz. drought and high heat where many other vari- Johnson OG S ® 6 76 days. blemish-free fruit. Even eties fail. Good disease resistance. Medium-size, in the hot, dry sum- Illinois Beauty pink fruits with wonderful flavor. Keeps well. (Indeterminate) #49102 Pkt $2.75; #49102A (1.5 g) $6.50 [Popular heirloom mer of 2007 the plants from VA and continued to set good quantities of tasty fruit. A Aunt Lou’s NC, a favorite at tomato tasting favorite. #49214 Pkt $2.50 Underground farmers markets.] Lady Lucy S ® 6 85 Railroad 6 German Johnson One of the four days. (Indeterminate) [Nan- S 82 days. parent lines of tahala Forest area in n. GA.] (Indeterminate) “Mortgage Lifter” tomato, very similar in flavor. Potato-leaf variety produces [Heirloom Pink-red fruits average 3/4 to 1½ lbs. with gener- lots of red/pink 12 oz fruit. carried through ally smooth tops. Good for slicing or canning. Sweet, complex flavor with the Underground Fruits have few seeds. Plants are very productive an acid zing, good for slic- Railroad by an Aunt Lou’s #49115 Pkt Underground Railroad and fairly resistant to disease. ing and canning. #49227 unnamed black $2.95; #49115A (1.5 g) $6.25 Pkt $2.50 man as he crossed Lady Lucy to freedom in Ripley, OH, from KY. Seeds were Grandfather Mason Marvel, Ph.D passed on to Aunt Lou, who passed them on to her Ashlock S ® 6 85 OG S ® 81 days. great nephew, and eventually on to heirloom toma- days. (Indeterminate) (Indeterminate) Large to enthusiast Gary Millwood.] Dark pink, tangy [Family heirloom of pink beefsteak with and juicy, 4–12 oz fruits. Sparse foliage. #49240 Carl Ashlock. Three great flavor and few Pkt $2.50 Ashlock brothers served seeds. In the 1950s, George Washington Grandfather Dr. Mason Marvel was Brandywine Ashlock during the Revolution- at West Virginia Uni- (Sudduth Strain) ary War; one brother 6 versity, working as part OG S 74 days. settled in Kentucky. Carl Ashlock, now of Franklin, of the breeding project (Indeterminate) [TN NC, is descended from that patriot.] Potato leaf that led to “West Mason Marvel heirloom popularized by foliage, fair yield of 10–16 oz pink beefsteaks, Virginia 63” tomato. Ben Quisenberry.] Prized very good flavor. #49234 Pkt $2.50 WV heirlooms were collected, crossed with each for distinctively flavorful Granny Cantrell’s German Red/Pink S other, then planted at a minimum security pris- fruit, highly rated in our OG on in an area known to have severe Late Blight. taste trials. ‘Brandywine’ 669–80 days. (Indeter- minate) [KY heirloom. One of the results was this tomato! It was larger has achieved a national and more tender than the program was aiming reputation as the flavor The only tomato grown by Lettie Cantrell of West for, so Dr. Marvel proceeded to select it on his standard for tomatoes. own over the next 55 years. Dr. Marvel wrote Dark reddish-pink, Liberty since the ’40s.] Large beefsteak, 1+ lb, in 2011, “I have grown it in Florida, Alabama, 10–12 oz. fruits. Potato Vietnam, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and El Salvador, leaf vines are not as Sudduth Strain tasty fruit on large, vig- orous plants. Lettie died and it has done well everywhere I have grown disease-resistant as other Brandwine it.” #49265 Pkt $3.25 Brandywine strains, in January 2006, at the but we were impressed by how well it held up age of 96. Her tomato Mortgage Lifter VFN – See Red Tomatoes. in 2013’s cold, wet summer. The flavor of the was voted best flavor at rs ouseworth ® 6 tomatoes is of gourmet quality. Use for slices, the 2010 Monticello To- M . H OG S 79 days. (Inde- salads, and sandwiches. #49104 Pkt $2.95 mato Tasting. #49208 terminate) [Family heirloom of Meairl House- Pkt $2.75; #49208A worth in southern Pennsyl- Brimmer S ® 6 (Pink Brimmer) 82 days. (1.5 g) $6.25 vania. Originally brought (Indeterminate) [This old Virginia variety won over from Italy in the ‘50s, the Grand Prize for size and quality this was the only tomato Mr. at the Jamestown Exposition held in Houseworth grew, and the 1907 at Sewell’s Point, VA.] Large, family believes that when he meaty, pink-purple fruits can reach grew tomatoes for Heinz in 21 lbs. or more when well grown. the ‘70s, that these tomatoes Often preferred by gardeners want- were used for making ketch- ing large, “low acid” pink tomatoes up.] Pink, meaty oxhearts, Mrs. Houseworth that have a high sugar content. 3-4 in. fruits, great flavor Thick skin – a useful quality in a with few seeds. #49261 Pkt $3.25 canning tomato, and one that offers Brimmer Granny some protection against fruit worm. Cantrell’s Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes #49105 Pkt $2.50 continue on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic 51 Pink & Pink-Red Tomatoes Continued Purple & Black Tomatoes Black Brandywine Our Flagship Tomato OG S 685 days. (Indeterminate) [1920s PA heirloom. Cross between Brandywine and Fejee Improved tomato. William Woys Weaver’s grandfather Omar’s Lebanese obtained seed from the breeder, Dr. Harold E. Omar’s Lebanese 6 S 80 days. (Indetermi- Martin.] Large dusky Black Brandywine nate) [Heirloom from farmers in a Lebanese hill rose/purple fruit town. The best of Dr. Carolyn Male’s extensive with rich, sweet flavor and good yields. 1995 heirloom tomato trials.] Huge pink beef- #49233 Pkt $2.95 Radiator Charlie’s Mortgage Lifter steak tomato: fruits typically weigh 16–24 oz., or even larger when well grown. A good choice Black Cherry – See Small & Cherry Tomatoes for a gardener’s boast or county fair entry. Has a Mortgage Lifter, Radiator Charlie’s Black Plum – See Processing/Paste Tomatoes. OG S multidimensional sweet flavor that seems to be ® 6 (vw, fw1) 79 days (Indeterminate) [Developed by M.C. Byles in the 1930s and expressed best in northern areas. In south- released to SESE in 1985.] ern areas the quality is more variable. Good A legendary tomato foliage disease resistance. #49190 Pkt $2.50; always in demand in the Mid-Atlantic states. #49190A (1.5 g) $5.50 The following history is based on portions of our 1985 taped interview with M.C. Byles who Oxheart OG S 688 developed this tomato in the early 1930s while days. (Indeterminate) in Logan, WV. Mr. Byles is afectionately known [The oxheart shape is as “Radiator Charlie.” He earned that nickname the result of a mutation, Black Prince from the radiator-repair business he opened at about 1925. Somewhat the foot of a steep hill on which trucks would similar to meaty pon- Black Prince OG S 669 days. (Indetermi- often overheat. Radiator Charlie had no formal derosa types, except for nate) [A garden jewel from Irkutsk, Siberia.] education or plant-breeding experience, yet he the distinctive shape.] Deep reddish-brown fruits, grading to dark created this legendary tomato by cross-breeding Heavy yielding vines brown or black on the shoulders. Interior color four of the largest-fruited tomatoes he could produce extra large, varies from dark red to a translucent chestnut find: German Johnson, Beefsteak, an Italian pink tomatoes weigh- brown. 7 oz fruits with juicy, tender texture and variety, and an English variety. One of the four ing 1–2 lbs. Firm, appealing fruity flavor. #49180 Pkt $2.75 varieties was planted in the middle of a circle. meaty flesh with few seeds Oxheart Then, using a baby’s ear syringe, he cross-pol- and mild flavor. linated the center plant with pollen from the #49116 Pkt $2.75 circle of tomatoes. Next year he selected the best seedlings: he planted the best seedling in Tappy’s Finest 6 the center and the rest in a circle around it. The S 77 days. (Inde- pollination and selection process was repeated terminate) [WV six more years until he had a stable variety. After family heirloom Charlie developed and named this large tasty from before 1948, tomato he sold plants for $1 each (in the 1940s) originally from and paid off the $6000 mortgage on his house Italy. Introduced by Cherokee Purple in 6 years. Each spring, gardeners drove as far SESE 1983, named as 200 miles to buy Charlie’s seedling tomatoes. for “Tappy” who Fruits of Mortgage Lifter can average 21 lbs selected for regular and may reach 4 lbs when grown well. Plants shape, small cores, Tappy’s Finest are very productive and disease-resistant, and few seeds, and fine continue to bear until frost. These large, slightly flavor. The first Cherokee Purple flattened, pink-red tomatoes are meaty and heirloom tomato SESE introduced.] Performs best OG S ® 6 85 flavorful with few seeds. #49128 Pkt $3.25 where summers are moderate to cool. Large, days. (Indetermi- pink-red fruits average 14–16 ozs, sometimes nate) [Pre-1890 up to 2 lbs, and are very meaty. Slightly TN heirloom, irregular fruits are somewhat flattened with reportedly of Cher- prominent shoulder indentations. Excellent okee Indian origin. Introduced 1993 by SESE. tomato for processing or for use in salads Seed courtesy Craig LeHoullier.] Large, smooth or sandwiches. Also makes delicious tomato fruits (10–12 oz) with slightly ridged shoulders. juice. Like all sweet, good-flavored tomatoes, Ripens to a unique dark, dusky pink/purple. it’s not a heavy producer, but has won several Sometimes called a black tomato, the color flavor trials. #49142 Pkt $2.50 carries through to the flesh, especially at the stem end. Good resistance to Septoria leaf spot. Vinson Watts OG S ® 6 85 days. (Inde- terminate) [Heirloom originating in Lee Coun- A shorter indeterminate, plants average 5 ft. tall. ty, VA, but perfected by 50 years of selection for ‘Cherokee Purple’ has spread widely since its flavor, texture and disease resistance by Vinson introduction, with variations developing over Watts of Morehead, KY.] The large flattened time, but our strain is still the original, shorter pink fruit has won many taste tests and is shape. Seed grown and stewarded by Twin considered by many to be the best tomato Oaks Seed Farm in Louisa, VA. #49106 Pkt Vinson Watts they ever tasted – a smooth-textured, finely $2.95; #49106A (1.5 g) $7.50 balanced combination of sweet and acid. 52 Tomatoes #49218 Pkt $2.75; #49218A (1.5 g) $6.50 www.SouthernExposure.com Eva Purple Persimmon OG S ® 6 Ball OG S Yellow & Orange Tomatoes 88 days. (Indeterminate) ® 6 (ab, lb, Barnes Mountain [1981.] Beautiful ber, cr, cf) 78 Orange OG S persimmon-colored, rose- days. (Indeter- ® 6 90 days. orange fruits. 12–16 oz minate) [Late (Indeterminate) [KY fruits, though early ones 1800s heirloom heirloom.] Large can weigh up to 2 lbs. from the Black orange fruits, up Vigorous vines, well Forest region of to 16 oz. Disease- branched, Late Blight Germany from resistant 6–8 ft. tall tolerant. One of our Joe Bratka’s Barnes Mountain plants bear until frost. Orange personal favorites Persimmon grandfather. Outstanding flavor, for color and Seed courtesy of Eva Purple Ball perfect for BLTs. rewarding flavor. Carolyn Male #49220 Pkt $2.75 #49133 Pkt $2.75 and Craig LeHoullier. Introduced 1994 by SESE.] Outstanding performer in hot, humid areas. Dad’s Sunset S ® T. C. Jones S Excellent resistance to diseases, including some 75 days. (Indeter- ® 6 80 days. resistance to late blight. One of the most blem- minate) Golden or- (Indeterminate) ish-free tomatoes we have grown, with a soft ange like the setting [Cumberland tender texture. Easy-to-peel, smooth, round, sun. Very attractive, Dad’s Sunset County, KY, family attractive pink-purple fruits weigh 5–7 oz. round, small-cored heirloom, named by fruit with zesty sweet flavor. Fruits are uniform Harry Jones for his Fruits are easy to harvest, some dropping from T. C. Jones the vine at peak ripeness. A wonderful all-pur- in shape with very few defects, thick-walled, grandfather; orig- pose tomato with excellent flavor. #49112 Pkt yet tender. Medium foliage cover, 12-oz fruits inal seed via Gary $2.95; #49112A (1.5 g) $7.50 measure 23/4 × 31/4 in. #49163 Pkt $2.50 Millwood.] 8-12 oz yellow fruit with a blushing stripe on the blossom end and great flavor. Flat- Djena Lee’s Golden Japanese Black tened fruit; shape and color similar to Yellow Girl 6 64 days. Trifele S ® 6 S Mortgage Lifter, but much more productive. 75 days. (Indeter- (Indeterminate) #49232 Pkt $2.50 minate) [Russian [Family heirloom of heirloom.] Unusual Djena Lee since the Yellow Bell – See Processing/Paste Tomatoes. pear-shaped 4–6 early 1920s. Won first oz fruits, deep bur- prize at the Chicago gundy colored with Fair 10 years in a green shoulders row! Introduced by Djena Lee’s Golden Girl SESE 1987. Djena and a rich, com- Japanese Black plex flavor. Very Trifele (pronounced “Zshena”) was part Indian and productive, bearing granddaughter of Minnesota financier Jim Lee. She early through late grew this tomato in Minnesota and on moving to in the season. Crack-resistant fruits. Potato-leaf Illinois in 1929 gave plants to Reverend Morrow foliage. #49247 Pkt $2.50 (then 15 years old) who nurtured this variety and kept it alive.] Beautiful golden-orange fruits, Paul Robeson one of the most appetizing golden tomatoes we 6 S OG 74 days. have grown. 4-6 oz fruits. Delicious flavor, rich Yellow Brandywine (Indeterminate) balance of sweetness and tanginess. Heavy early [Russian heirloom. yields. #49111 Pkt $2.75 Yellow Brandywine OG 6 S 76 days. (Inde- Original seed sent terminate) [IN heirloom.] Same great flavor as to SESE by Marina Garden Peach pink-fruited Brandywine. Large, slightly ribbed Danilenko, a Mos- Tomato OG S beefsteaks are sweet and tangy – our grower prefers cow seedswoman. ® 73 Days. it to pink Brandywine! Fruits keep well. Large Named after Paul Paul Robeson (Indeterminate) potato-leaf foliage provides medium fruit cover. Robeson, performer This tomato #49186 Pkt $2.75; #49186A (1.5 g) $6.75 of “Old Man River” and operatic vocal artist who truly resembles was an advocate of equal rights for Blacks. His a peach. 2–3 White Tomatoes artistry was appreciated world-wide, especially in oz fruits have the Soviet Union, and hence this tomato bearing a peach-like White Wonder OG his name.] Like other so-called black tomatoes fuzz and are S ® 6 84 days. the fruit is more of a dusky dark red with dusky yellow, often (Indeterminate) dark green shoulders. 6-oz. fruits, 2 × 4–5 in., with a hint [Possibly derived from borne two to a cluster. Excellent flavor. of pink blush White Apple, pre- #49161 Pkt $2.75 when fully ripe. Garden Peach 1860.] One of the Outstanding varieties chosen for flavor. A good storage tomato if picked light Alice Waters’ famous green right before frost. Highly split-resistant. Chez Panisse restau- Vigorous vines bear until frost. #49201 Pkt rant. Medium-sized $2.75; #49201A (1.5 g) $6.50 fruits ripen to creamy pale yellow Cherokee Purple New! Kellogg’s and have a White Wonder Breakfast ® 6 OG S 80 sweet flavor. days. (Indeterminate) [WV Productive plants, good foliage cover. Family heirloom selected and We like to serve it as an ingredient in a named by Darrell Kellogg of multicolor tomato marinade (tomatoes, Redford, MI.] 1-2 lb orange garlic, vinegar, oil, pepper, and herbal beefsteaks are delicious, per- seasonings). Fruits are medium-sized. fect for a tomato sandwich. #49149 Pkt $2.75 #49268 Pkt $2.95 Kellogg’s Breakfast ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Tomatoes 53 Bicolored Tomatoes Processing & Paste Big Rainbow OG S ® Tomatoes 6 90 days. (ab, asc) (In- determinate) [Introduced Canning varieties have firm, round fruits that 1990 by SESE.] The are usually canned whole. Drying varieties are most visually spectacular small, low-moisture tomatoes well suited to quick tomato we’ve grown. As drying. Paste tomatoes have thick, dry flesh with fruits ripen they resemble few seeds. Sauce tomatoes are more flavorful and a rainbow: green on the have more seeds than paste tomatoes, and because Black Plum shoulder, yellow in the Big Rainbow they are juicier they need to be cooked longer to Black Plum ® 6 middle, and red on the make thick sauce. Drying and paste tomatoes are OG S 70–80 days. (Inde- bottom. Fully ripe fruits are gold on the stem more susceptible to blossom end rot due to their low terminate) [Russian heirloom.] Prolifc producer end and red on the blossom end. Early fruits moisture content, so during dry spells provide adequate of 1 oz elongated deep mahogany-brown fruit. weigh over 2 lbs. with little catfacing or defor- irrrigation and calcium. Color develops best in hot dry weather. Rich, complex, full-bodied flavor. Perfect for sauce, mities. Very good resistance to foliar disease. #49205 Pkt Bears until frost. #49103 Pkt $2.95 Amish Paste OG drying, or eating out of hand. S ® 6 (Indeter- $2.75; #49205A (1.5 g) $5.50 Cherokee Green S minate) One of ® Heinz 1350 75 days. (Indeter- the largest sauce VF ® minate) [Selected from OG S tomatoes we offer, (vw, fw1, asc, Cherokee Purple tomato produces a sauce by NC grower Craig cr) 75 days. with a superior (Determi- LeHoullier.] This is flavor. Coreless, top- one of the best tasting nate) [1963. shaped fruits often Developed by the green tomatoes any- weigh as much as 12 Heinz 1350 VF where. 8–12 oz. fruits H. J. Heinz Co.] oz. Tall plants, heavy Round 4–6 oz fruits with green flesh and Cherokee Green yields. Despite the Amish Paste green-yellow skin with are uniform-ripening, and have name ‘Amish Paste,’ good crack resistance. A productive amber to red color on the juicy fruits are best suited to making sauce. the blossom end. #49249 Pkt $2.75 garden variety with concentrated fruit set, and #49197 Pkt $2.95; #49197A (1.5 g) $7.25 an excellent processing tomato for canning or Green Grape See Small-Fruited Tomatoes, p. 56. Bisignano #2 cooking. Widely adapted, good for salad use ® 6 too. #49120 Pkt $2.75 Green Zebra OG OG S 80 days. (Indeterminate) (Indeterminate) Hungarian Italian 78 days. [Devel- [Italian heirloom.] Paste OG S ® 79 oped 1985 by Tom Sweet, meaty tomato. days. (Determinate) Wagner.] An unusual Medium fruits, low Highly productive and exquisite tomato seeds. Uniquely, pear-shaped paste chosen by Alice Wa- fruit shapes vary tomato with good ters for the famous even on the same disease resistance California restaurant plant. Fantastic flavor and good holding Green Zebra Bisignano #2 Chez Panisse. 3–5 oz makes a great sauce. quality. 3–4 oz. Hungarian Italian fruits ripen to yel- #49206 Pkt $2.95 fruits borne in Paste low-gold with alternating dark-green zebra-like clusters of 4. Makes stripes. Emerald flesh with good flavor. Colorful New! Virginia excellent flavored sauce. #49123 Pkt $2.75; sliced or in salads. Well branched vines provide Sweets OG ® #49123A (1.5 g) $5.75 good foliage cover and have some resistance to 6 80 days. Illini Gold ® septoria leaf spot. #49119 Pkt $2.75 (Indetermi- OG S 75 days. (Indetermi- ® nate) Sweet, Old German S 6 delicious fruits nate) [A chance cross (Indeterminate) [Intro- average one of Dad’s Sunset and duced 1985 by SESE. pound. Beauti- Bisignano #2, selected Mennonite family heirloom ful yellow with by Merlyn and Mary from Shenandoah Valley, Ann Niedens.] 4–6 oz red striping. Illini Gold VA.] Large, attractive and #49273 Pkt Virginia Sweets bright yellow/orange tasty tomato. Fruit color $2.95 paste-type tomatoes. is yellow with a red center Attractive in salads, or makes a rich, sweet gold- visible on the surface and en sauce. #49225 Pkt $2.75 throughout the core. Best New! Mr. Fumarole color of several strains of this heirloom. Not a Old German S (ber) 68 days. heavy producer, nor does (Indeterminate) Dark it tolerate drought, but its flavor and color are pink, slightly oblong outstanding. Fruits often weigh over a pound. fruits, 3-6 in. with #49131 Pkt $2.50; #49131A (1.5 g) $5.75 pointed tips. Complex tangy flavor that’s well Striped Roman OG S 80 days. (Indeterminate) suited to eating raw [Developed by Seed Savers Exchange member or cooked. This one John Swenson.] Highly popular variety – orange made the cut because Mr. Fumarole and red stripes run the length of this long, 2-year-old Marsden pointy-ended Roma type. 7–9 oz fruits, thick Green Zebra and his grandpa, after tasting a Mr. Fumarole flesh, great flavor. #49211 Pkt $2.75 tomato, each tried to get more Mr. Fumarole for themselves by encouraging the other to take a Tropical Sunset see Cherry tomatoes p.56 Striped Roman different tomato instead! #49271 Pkt $2.95

54 Tomatoes www.SouthernExposure.com Long Tom ® 6 85–90 days (Indeterminate) Super Italian Paste OG S ® 6 75 days. (In- [Family heirloom, sent to Ben Quisenberry by a determinate) Meaty, roma-shaped, orange-red, Small & Cherry Tomatoes friend living in PA.] Long, 2 × 5 in. meaty fruits 6-8 oz. fruits. Vigorous, high-yielding plants. Alston Ev- have few seeds. Their sweet flavor and firm tex- These impressively withstood both flooding and erlasting OG ture serves equally well in salads or sauce. Very drought in 2015. #49254 Pkt $2.75 S ® 65 days. good yields. #49204 Pkt $2.50 [From Alston Yellow Bell OG S ® 6 Seed Growers 60 days. (In- in NC, via determinate) Susan Clausen of [Introduced Alpine, TX, and 1986 by SSE.] Vigorous SESE. Family plants with high Principe Borghese heirloom from yield of smooth, Alston Everlasting TN.] Great blemish-free 1 oz red fruits – a Principe Borghese OG ® 6 78 days. yellow sauce (Determinate) Italian heirloom bred for sun- tomato for “two-bite” cherry. Holds well on and off the salads or plant; often still good three weeks after harvest! drying, this low-moisture variety maintains #49266 Pkt $2.75 more flavor when dried than do other varieties. for making Slightly oval, 1 oz fruits. Prized in Italian lovely tomato Yellow Bell Amy’s Apricot Mix cooking when reconstituted in olive oil, they paste, juice, OG S ® 6 75 days. can also be crushed into small flakes to quickly preserves, salsa, and yellow catsup! Heavy-yield- (Indeterminate) thicken a thin sauce while adding a rich tomato ing plants produce 5–12 fruits per cluster. [Family heirloom given flavor. #49200 Pkt $2.75 Roma-shaped fruits average 3 × 11 in. Survives to Dustin Swanland cool wet conditions better than other sauce to- by his Italian aunt. Roma VF ® (vw, fw1, asc) 75 days. (Deter- OG matoes, bearing heavily until frost. Ripens from Introduced 2012 by minate) Very popular, pear-shaped paste tomato. green to creamy yellow to yellow. Outstanding Widely adapted. Fruit ripens uniformly. Highly SESE.] Delicious fruit flavor, both sweet and rich. #49152 Pkt $2.75; (always a hit at our productive, good resistance to disease and fruit- #49152A (1.5 g) $5.75 worm. #49138 Pkt $2.50 tomato tastings)! Vig- orous and productive Amy’s Apricot Mix plants! But… a chal- lenging variety for us to offer. Plants vary a lot, even after years of vigorous selection by us. It tends strongly toward the intensely fruity, sweet, luscious orange spheres we originally described. Many plants bear red fruits, and a wide range of orange types is present as well, in clusters of 2-12 and sizes of ½ - 1½ in. We’re unsure just how diverse this variety was before we received Amy’s Sugar Gem it, and why it keeps frustrating our selection efforts. But it’s so delicious we carry it anyway! Roma VF, #49236 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Virginia Select Amy’s Sugar Gem OG S ® 75 days. (Indetermi- nate) [Developed by Dr. Jeff McCormack. Cross of Roma VF, Virginia Select S ® 75 days. Red Cherry and Tappy’s Finest. Named for Amy Boor (Determinate) [Introduced 2009 by SESE.] Hereford, whose grandmother Tappy introduced Jeff Neighboring farmer and Growing for Market to heirloom tomatoes.] Excellent in salads, sand- writer Pam Dawling has been saving this locally wiches, and sauces. A “two-bite” cherry tomato, adapted strain since 2001, selecting for high, 11 × 13/4 in. Tall, vigorous, and productive vines. early yields and tolerance to Septoria Leaf Spot. The Sugar Gem portion of the name refers to the 4–5 oz fruits. #49235 Pkt $2.50; #49235A sweet, full flavor and the tiny light gold sparkles (1.5 g) $6.75 in the red skin. #49198 Pkt $2.75 ® San Marzano Black Cherry OG 63 days. (Indeterminate) OG S ® 6 80 Cherry tomatoes similar to Cherokee Purple Black Cherry days. (Indeter- in color and rich, full bodied flavor.1 in. fruits, minate) [Italian dusky purple with black highlights. Vigorous heirloom, famous plants. A big favorite at our 2015 tomato tastings! for its use in #49252 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Neapolitan Coyote OG S ® 6 55 days. (Indeterminate) pizza and other [Grows wild in Veracruz, Mexico.] ½-in. pale Italian dishes.] yellow fruits on vigorous plants. Very sweet with Long Roma-type unusual flavor overtones, including notes of tomatoes, 3–4 vanilla. A favorite in our 2015 tomato tastings. oz fruits with #49253 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.95 pointed ends. Thick, dry, Dr. Carolyn S ® 63 days. (Indeterminate) low acid flesh San Marzano [Selected from a sport of Galinas. Named by contains few Steve Draper in honor of Dr. Carolyn Male who seeds. Very productive 6 ft. tall plants have good first saved the seed.] The most flavorful yellow Coyote disease resistance. Excellent canning variety. cherry tomato we’ve grown. Excellent balance #49248 Pkt $2.75; #49248A (1.5 g) $6.50 of sugar, tartness and depth of flavor. Pale yel- low, round, 11/4 in. fruits typically borne 6 to a Small & Cherry Striped Roman – See Bicolored Tomatoes. cluster. Large, vigorous vines provide excellent Dr. Carolyn Tomatoes continue cover. #49182 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.50 on the next page. ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic 55 Yellow Centiflor OG S ® Small & Cherry Tomatoes Continued 69 days. (Semi-determinate) Purple Bumble [Alan Kapuler, from a cross of Bee OG ® 77 days. Sungold and Red Centiflor.] (Indeterminate) Large clusters of golden yel- Striking 1½ in. low fruits with pointed tips. cherries, dusky Short but highly variable purple with vivid plants range from 1 to 5 Yellow Centiflor lime-green streaks. ft. tall; shortest plants have Nice balance of lower yield. Good disease sweetness and resistance results in extended harvests. One of flavor. Tall, vigorous the most distinctive tomatoes we have grown. Everglades plants bear til frost. #49260 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Widely adapted, Yellow Pear ® 6 (asc, New! Everglades OG S ® 6 56 days. good splitting resis- OG (Indeterminate) [Seedstock from Melissa DeSa of Purple fw1) 75 days. (Indetermi- tance. #49263 Pkt Bumble Bee nate) [Pre-1800.] Pear- Florida.] Vigorous, disease-resistant plants bear (0.08 g) $3.25 til frost. Sweet, dark pink, ½ in. fruits. Similar shaped yellow tomatoes, 11 to Matt’s Wild Cherry, but pinker, with some Red Cherry OG × 3/4 in., mild flavor. Very differences in flavor. S ® 6 (Old productive and heat-resis- #49267 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Fashioned Red) tant, but prone to splitting 72 days. (Indeter- if not watered regularly. Ex- Green Grape OG S ® minate) [Pre-1840. cellent for popping in your Yellow Pear 78 days. (Semi-determinate) This is the small mouth or for preserves. [Developed 1983 by Tater Ma- Red Cherry, not the #49154 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 ter Seed.] Ripens yellow-green, Large Red Cherry resembling large Muscat commonly used as grapes. Flesh and juice are Currant Tomatoes a salad tomato.] Red Cherry Solanum pimpinellifolium green. 13/8 in. fruits borne in Bright red 1 in. clusters of 4–12. Sweeter than fruits, sweet, tangy Currant tomatoes are essentially wild tomatoes, ‘Green Zebra,’ the flavor is and juicy. Grows so vigorously that it tends to little changed by domestication. Vines are long in the top 5% of varieties outgrow some diseases. Resistant to fruitworm and indeterminate with an open we have grown. Lovely and high temperatures. #49136 Pkt (0.08 g) growth habit and generally good served with pesto. Green Grape $2.75; #49136A (1.5 g) $6.50 disease resistance. Fruits are the #49118 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 size of a berry, ½–3/4 in. in di- Red Pisa Date New! Little Lucky OG S ® 6 ameter. Flavor is intense, sweet OG S 63 and piquant. They are especial- (Indeterminate) Small bicolor with round fruits, days. (Indetermi- generally 4-6 oz. Breeder Craig LeHoullier ly suited as salad accents and nate) [Given to for the specialty restaurant attributes the great flavor of this tomato to its Dustin Swanland Brandywine parentage. He says he was lucky to trade. Seeds are small. Packet: by his Italian aunt. 0.05–0.09 g depending on variety. save the seed from a Brandywine tomato that a Introduced 2013 by bee had crossed with another variety. This is the SESE.] Small, firm, ed urrant ® 6 smaller-fruited and therefore more unique of the R C OG date-shaped, 1 in. 64 days. (Indeterminate) two varieties that came of that cross. long red fruits, #49270 Pkt $2.75 [Wild South American sweet and produc- tomato.] Intensely flavored, Lollipop OG S ® 6 tive. 7–9 ft. plants. Red Pisa Date berry-sized, 1 in. red fruits 79 days. (Indeterminate) This may be the in clusters of 16–20. Sugar Cherry Creamy yellow fruits type of tomato Jefferson served at Monticello as #49803 Pkt (0.05 g) $2.75 a dessert, the sliced fruits dusted with powdered hang on the plants like ® lollipops. Sweet, lem- sugar. #49243 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Sugar Cherry OG S 76 days. (In- on-like flavor. 6-10 fruits determinate) [Introduced by SESE 1994.] Large per cluster, 11/4 in. fruit. currant-type ½-in. orange-red fruits borne in clusters of 12. Berry-sized fruits are larger than Highly productive in hot Lollipop weather. Good resistance true currant tomatoes and are intensely flavored to foliage diseases. Suitable for ground culture and sweet. #49801 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 if desired. Widely adapted, excellent garden variety, well received at farmer’s markets. #49172 Pkt (0.08 g) $2.75 Ground Cherries Physalis pruinosa Matt’s Wild Cherry OG S ® 55 days. (Inde- Cossack Pineapple OG S ® terminate) [From seed 60 days. 3/8–5/8 in. fruits with collected in the wild near delicious flavor reminiscent of Hidalgo in eastern Mexi- pineapple. Bite-sized fruits are co.] Plants bear loads of so tasty they may never make intensely sweet, tart, and Tropical Sunset it into the kitchen, especially flavorful ½ in. deep red if you have children. Excellent cherry tomatoes. Plants New! Tropical Sunset OG S 60 days. (Indeter- for preserves, hot dessert are vigorous, disease-re- minate) [2019] Ping-pong ball-sizes. fruits ripen toppings, salads or mock sistant, and sprawling. from green, to yellow with pink striping, to pink pineapple yogurt. Plants Matt’s Wild Cherry Self-sows readily. Harvest with golden striping. Bicolor interiors, too! De- are short (12–18 in.) but whole trusses to minimize licious,fruity flavor with medium acidity. Good with bushy spreading lateral branches to keep down splitting. Always a favorite at our tomato tast- shelf life. Bred in multiple locations including Cossack Pineapple ings. #49804 Pkt (0.08 g, ~39 seeds) $2.75 NC. #49272 Pkt (0.08 g) $3.50 weeds. Fruits ripen to a pineapple yellow. 56 Tomatoes www.SouthernExposure.com #47101 Pkt (0.06 g) $2.95 Tomatillos Physalis ixocarpa Wonderberry Husk Tomatoes Solanum burbankii Cisineros Grande OG S Classification and Historical ® Culture: Notes: 85 days. Large fruits An interesting Husk tomatoes have light (up to 2½ in.) make for tomato relative. Grow like Wonderberry brown, papery husks (calyxes) easy harvest and process- tomatoes, but Wonderberry that enlarge and cover the matur- ing. Highly productive. is more finicky to germinate – tiny seeds need to ing fruits. The 2 most common Most fruits ripen to keep moist for 2-3 weeks longer than tomatoes. cultivated species are ground yellow, while some stay Self sows readily. Start seeds indoors 6–8 weeks cherry (Physalis pruinosa) and green throughout. Fruits before transplanting outside after last frost. tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa). Both have been range from the size of a Cisineros Grande Space 30 in. apart. Use row cover to protect cultivated in Central and South America for small lime to a summer young plants from flea beetles. centuries, before even tomatoes. Ground cher- apple, though most plants produce the larger ries are so named because the cherry-sized fruits fruits. For a tarter salsa, use the bright green fruits Wonderberry 6 S (Sunberry) [Developed by are borne near the ground. The leaves of ground while the husk is still green; for a sweet and fruity plant genius Luther Burbank.] 3 ft. plants yield cherries are hairy or fuzzy and the plants grow flavor, wait until the husk dries. 4–6 ft. plants. dozens of clusters of dark, 1/4 in. berries; each 1–2 ft. tall with lateral spreading growth. #48104 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 cluster holds 8–12 fruits. Green fruits are likely Tomatillos are larger-fruited, typically 1–3 in. toxic and should not be consumed. Unique, diameter, and the plants grow 2–5 ft. tall with De Milpa OG S ® 6 70–80 huckleberry-like flavor makes for intriguing smooth leaves. Some varieties may grow 8 ft. or days. Vigorous variety with dessert fillings, jellies, syrups, etc. more with a ground-hugging growth habit. The 5/8 in. fruits, mostly purple, #47001 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 Spanish name tomatillo is derived from the In- some green. Stronger, sharper dian name “tomatl.” Culture: Culture of husk flavor than most tomatillos, tomatoes is similar to tomatoes. (See Tomato the preferred variety for some Garden Huckleberry section.) Ground cherries need no support, but Mexican dishes. #48101 Pkt De Milpa Solanum melanocerasum tomatillos are best caged or trellised. Spac- (0.09 g) $2.75 Garden Huckleberry ® ing: Space tomatillos similar to tomatoes (see OG S Dr. Wyche’s Yellow OG S ® 6 100 days. A great fruit for jam, Tomato section). Ground cherries should be 6 spaced 2-3 ft. apart. Pests: In areas where husk 65 days. [From the collection pies, and syrup. Heavy yields of worms are a problem, plant early-maturing of Dr. John Wyche of Hugo, OK, easy-to-pick berries. Dull black varieties crops as early as possible in the spring. one of SSE’s earliest members.] at full maturity. Keeps very well (Self-sown plants from the previous year’s Our earliest tomatillo and one on and off the plant. Green fruits crop often get a head start on even the earliest of our sweetest. Heavy yields of are likely toxic and should not be 1½ in. cheerful yellow fruits. consumed. Not sweet on its own, Garden plantings.) Harvest: Husk tomatoes usually Dr. Wyche’s Huckleberry do not ripen fully until after falling from the (Plus an occasional cheerful Yellow and should be cooked prior to plant. Larger tomatillos need to get pulled from purple fruit.) #48106 Pkt eating. Grow like ground cherries the plants. Ground cherries ripen from green (0.09 g) $2.75 or Wonderberry. Cover young plants with row cover to protect against flea beetles. 2–3 ft. tall. to yellow-gold. Most tomatillos ripen from Everona Large Green #47201 Pkt (0.09 g, ~100 seeds) $2.75 green to yellow-green to pale yellow. Fruit Set: OG S ® 6 80 days. Tomatillos need at least 2 plants for pollination [Seed collected by Barbara or else they won’t set fruits. Most cultivars of Rosholdt from tomatillos Rutabagas (Swedes) ground cherry set fruit in all areas of the U.S. planted by Mexican Brassica napus var. napobrassica Tomatillos are more sensitive to heat and day workers at the Evero- Everona Large Green Culture length: some cultivars may not set fruit until na sheep dairy near : Similar to turnips, but plant for fall late summer, or may not set fruit in northern Unionville, VA. Introduced 2008 by SESE.] Finally harvest. Plant 8–10 weeks before first fall frost, states. Preparation and Uses: Ground cherries a tomatillo that not only has nice large fruits (up seeding 1 in. apart in rows 12–16 in. apart, are eaten fresh, or are used in desserts, sauces, thinning to 8 in. apart. Thin within a month – to 2½ in. diameter), but can handle a Virginia Harvest preserves, fruit toppings, pies and salads. Toma- summer and pests and still produce prolifically! crowded seedlings won’t bulb properly. : tillos are usually cooked to bring out full flavor: Plants thrive even in heavy clay soil and drought. Harvest when roots are 3–6 in. across. Harvest Simmer for 5–10 minutes in a pot of water, Green fruits, a few with purple blushing. #48103 before temperatures drop below then use in chili rellenos, salsa verde, guacamo- Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75; #48103A (1.5 g) $5.75 20°F. Cooking: Mash ruta- le, or other sauces or dips. Seed Savers: Husk bagas and potatoes together American Purple tomatoes self-sow easily. Isolate varieties by 300 Purple OG for a hearty dish. Packet: 2 g Top Yellow ft. for pure seed. Maturation: Days to maturity ® 80 days. (about 900 seeds) sows 46 ft. are the number of days after transplanting. 1 × 1½ in. American Purple Top Yellow ® 6 Packet: 0.06–0.09 g (90–140 seeds). fruits ripen to 90 days. dark purple. [Introduced before 1920 as an improved strain of Sweeter than Purple Top Yellow (pre-1850).] Long the standard green varieties. for home and market use. Flesh is mild, yellow, 4–6 ft. plants. Purple fine-grained, and firm. #29501 Pkt $2.50 #48105 Pkt Gilfeather Turnip OG S ® 6 (Brassica (0.09 g) $2.75 napus x rapa) 85 days. [1860s.] Famous heirloom Tomate selected and named by Vermont farmer Jack Gilfeather. Verde OG S An early addition to the Slow Foods Ark of Taste. A rare cross between ® 75 days. a rutabaga and turnip, roots are white and sweeter than most rutabagas. Goldie 11 in. fruits Greens are also tender and sweet. Plant mid-summer as one would other ripen to pale rutabagas. Best flavor after frost. #29301 Pkt $2.75 Goldie S ® 75 days. yellow green. OG Nadmorska OG S ® 6 90 days. [From seed collected Goldie is a later variety with Tall, 4–6 ft. in Lithuania in 2007 by the Seed Ambassadsors Project.] larger plants and slightly plants. Husks Tomate Verde Large, vigorous and early maturing. Green tops, larger fruits, averaging 5/8 are easy to sweet golden flesh. Unusually, roots are longer in., otherwise similar to remove and and more oval than regular round rutabagas. Cossack Pineapple. fruits are excellent quality. #29503 Pkt $2.75; #29503D (14 g) $7.25 #47102 Pkt (0.06 g) $2.95 #48102 Pkt (0.09 g) $2.75 Nadmorska Husk Tomatoes, Wonderberry, Garden Huckleberry, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Rutabagas (Swedes) 57 Turnips Brassica rapa var. rapifera Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Culture: Turnips grow well in a wide range of Culture: See Muskmelons section. Space 12–18 in. apart in rows 6–8 ft. apart. Vines require soils, but do best in a loose, friable soil that al- anywhere from 36–100 sq. ft. of vine space per hill, depending on variety. Don’t disturb vines while lows the roots to expand. Plantings can be made fruit is ripening or else fruit may ripen unevenly. When planted in good soil under good environ- in the spring and at summer’s end. Sow seeds 1/4 mental conditions, melons will do well, but are not as consistent producers as some other crops. The in. deep and thin to 2–4 in. apart, rows 10–12 fruit weights we list are for what the variety can achieve given ideal conditions. Harvest: For most in. apart. Harvest: Best-quality roots are 2–3 in. varieties, fruit is mature and most desirable during a 10–14 day period. It may take some experience in diameter. Both roots and leaves may be eaten to tell when a watermelon is ripe. There are four methods commonly used to determine peak harvest raw or cooked. Pests: Flea beetles and aphids stage: (1) The spot where the fruit touches the ground turns yellow. (2) Look for the presence of a can be controlled with diatomaceous earth or dried-up tendril on the portion of the vine nearest the fruit. (3) The rind feels slightly rough and row cover. Seed Savers: Isolate a minimum of ridged, and has a dull, opaque appearance, whereas immature fruits are smoother and glossier. (4) 600 ft. for home use. For pure seed isolate at When a watermelon is ripe, it will have a hollow sound when you thump it with your knuckles: The least 1/4 to 1 mile from turnips, mustard, and melon sounds more like your chest when it is ripe; when green, it sounds more like your head; when Chinese cabbage, and rapeseed (canola). Packet: over-ripe, it sounds more like your stomach. Mark Twain described it this way: “A ripe melon says 3 g unless stated (about 1350 seeds) sows 68 ft. ‘punk’ when thumped, a green one says ‘pink’ or ‘pank.” Culinary: Watermelon seeds are edible, have a nutty taste, and are commonly sold as a snack in some parts of the world. Seeds that mature Amber Globe OG S 6(Yellow to black are easier to eat than white seeds. Seed Savers: Isolate varieties by at least 1/8 mile for home Globe) 63 days. [Pre-1840.] Best use, or 1 to 1 mile for pure seed. Packet: 1–3 g (20–58 seeds, average 39 seeds). planted in the fall. Roots are Ali Baba ® Chou Cheh smooth and globe-shaped, 6 in. in OG ® diameter. Harvest at 3–4 in. Sweet, 6 80 days. [Iraqi Red OG S fine-grained flesh is creamy heirloom.] Light 75 Days. This is an exceptionally yellow. #29104 Pkt $2.75; Amber Globe green oblong mel- #29104E (28 g) $8.50 ons, 15–25 lbs. sweet variety! Vigorous vines. The clear favor- Purple Top White Sweet red flesh ite in SESE’s Globe OG ® 6 50 days. has few seeds. 2019 water- [Pre-1880.] A round, The hard rind melon tasting. white turnip, 5 in. in makes this a good Chou Cheh diameter, with bright choice for market Ali Baba Red comes purple color around the gardeners and from Shaanxi Chou Cheh Red top where exposed to Purple Top White Globe home storage. Great texture, outstanding flavor. Province, Chi- sunlight. For best texture, #55126 Pkt (2 g, ~28 seeds) $2.95 na, via the USDA seed bank (PI 435990), and harvest at 3 in. diameter was identified as a standout in Common Wealth or less. Classic turnip flavor. #29102 Pkt $2.50; Blacktail Mountain Seed Growers’ 2016 trials. Small, oblong fruits #29102E (28 g) $5.50 OG ® 73 days. [1977, average 5 lbs. Very productive and early, and developed by Glenn Scarlet Ohno Revival forgiving of sub-optimal growing conditions. ® Drowns.] Small-fruit- Downy mildew resistance makes it a good OG S 55 days. [Jap- ed, earliest of all. An anese variety reselected choice for late season harvests, but it’s also great excellent small, fast as an early crop. Showed gummy stem blight by Frank Morton of maturing, highly pro- Wild Garden Seeds.] resistance in a 2005 NC State trial. ductive watermelon #55134 Pkt (2 g, ~41 seeds) $3.50 Lovely scarlet-skinned that can be success- turnips, some round, Scarlet Ohno Revival fully grown in cool Crimson Sweet OG some flattened. Shiny short season areas or ® 85 days. [1964.] hairless strap-leaf greens southern hot, humid, Medium-sized, striped with pink and scarlet stems. Blacktail Mountain melon with tolerance #29106 Pkt $2.75 areas. The earliest of 114 varieties that to anthracnose (race 1 White Egg OG S ® 48 days. Glenn Drowns grew in 1994. Round 9 in. fruits and 3) and Fusarium Fast-growing turnip popular have a dark green rind with small brown seeds. (race 1 and 2). in the South. Egg-shaped Orange-red flesh has sweet, rich flavor. When Great-tasting melons roots, 31 × 21 in., grow part- harvested just underripe, melons will ripen in are typically 10 × 12 in., weighing 23–27 ly above ground. Crowns are storage and keep up to 2 months. #55113 Pkt Crimson Sweet green-tinted. Flesh is white, (1 g, ~22 seeds) $2.50 lbs. A unique feature fine-grained, and mild-fla- of this variety is its Cekirdegi Oyali OG ability to promote beneficial soil fungi that vored. Good bunching variety. ® #29103 Pkt $2.75; S 6 (Crocheted inhibit Fusarium wilt. A reliable variety for the #29103E (28 g) $8.50 White Egg Seed) [Turkish heirloom. Southeast. This is the variety many melon lovers Introduced to the US come back to after trying the rest! by Two Seeds in a Pod.] Cekirdegi Oyali #55101 Pkt (2 g, ~48 seeds) $2.50 Turnip Greens Unique seeds look like (Salad Turnips) they have been carved, Crimson Sweet, Virginia Select OG S ® [In- troduced 2009 by SESE.] It’s hard to improve on Seven Top ® 6 because as they dry the black seed casing cracks to reveal the white seed inside. Small, seedy Crimson Sweet’s vigor and great flavor, but Pam (Southern Prize) Dawling is at it! Since 2001, she’s been saving 45 days. [Pre-1880.] melons, about 5 lbs each, with sweet red flesh. #55131 Pkt (2 g, ~18 seeds) $2.75 this locally adapted strain, selecting for large, Popular Southern early melons with good flavor and healthy variety often grown foliage. #55118 Pkt (2 g, ~46 seeds) $2.75 for winter green. Used for greens, not Early Moonbeam OG S ® 76 days. [Alan the roots, which are Seven Top Kapuler.] Sweet, crisp yellow icebox melon, woody. Leaves grow 18–22 in. tall, 5–8 lbs. Thin, light green rind. Short vines but should be harvested when young and tender. make this a great melon for small gardens. #29201 Pkt $2.50; #29201E (28 g) $5.50 #55123 Pkt (2 g, ~42 seeds) $2.75 Crimson Sweet, 58 Turnips, Watermelon VA Select Early Moonbeam www.SouthernExposure.com Golden Midget Nancy OG S ® 6 90 Stone Mountain OG S ® S ® 72 days days [Pre-1885, GA. 6 95 days. [1923. A com- [1959.] Early, The thinner rind made mercial bestseller from the ‘30s small 3-lb. melons it hard to ship, so this and ’40s – thanks to grower with salmon- was the variety that Rodger Winn for bringing red flesh and a commercial watermelon Nancy back this old Southern favor- built-in ripeness growers would save ite.] Slightly oval 30 lb fruits Stone Mountain indicator: the rind for their own families!] 14 in. x 16 in. melons with a dark green rind and turns yellow when Golden Midget average 25 lbs. Very sweet pink-red flesh, sweet, juicy red flesh. Thick, split-resistant rind the melons are white seeds. Above-average disease resistance, makes it great for shipping and storage. ready for harvest. excellent drought resistance. #55117 Pkt (3 g, ~30 seeds) $2.75 (Don’t be alarmed by the leaves: some yellow #55128 Pkt (3 g, ~36 seeds) $2.75 foliage is normal for this variety.) Strawberry OG S ® 6 #55129 Pkt (2 g, ~36 seeds) $2.50 Odell’s Large 85 days. [Selected from a White OG S ® FL heirloom by Walt Childs, 6 (White Stoney introduced 1989 by SESE.] Mountain) 90 days. Strawberry-red flesh ripens to [Rare SC heirloom within ½ in. of the rind. Del- ~1840 from Pomaria icate texture and outstanding Nursery.] Very large flavor, one of the best we of- melons (30-35 lbs) fer. Long melons (8 × 20 in.), have exceptional stor- Odell’s White 15-25 lbs, dark green rind Strawberry age quality and a rich with darker green stripes, sweet flavor said to rival the legendary “Brad- white seeds. Very good disease resistance. Marmony Marble ford.” The fruit is light green with pink flesh and #55110 Pkt (3 g, ~31 seeds) $2.95 tender white rind perfect for pickling. Our seed ® is grown by Rodger Winn from stock stewarded Sugar Baby OG 77 days. Marmony Marble OG S ® 6 Medium-sized by his wife Karen Metzes’s family since 1880. [1959.] Icebox sized, 6–8 fruits with sweet pink flesh and mottled rinds. #55130 Pkt (2 g, ~31 seeds) $2.75 in. melons with a hard Small, reddish seeds that several of us found rind which turns green- pleasant to munch on along with the fruit. OrangeGlo OG S ® black when ripe. Handles #55132 Pkt (2 g, ~37 seeds) $2.75 85 days. One of the best drought well. 6–10 lb fruits orange-flesh watermelons. with red flesh and small Sugar Baby Very crisp, sweet, and seeds. Consistently reliable flavorful deep orange flesh. and widely adapted, a good space-saving variety. Vigorous plant produc- #55111 Pkt (2 g, ~45 seeds) $2.50 es heavy yields of 25 lb. White Wonder OG S melons with light and dark ® 6 green stripes. #55127 Pkt 80 days. [Rare today, white-fleshed (3 g, ~30 seeds) $2.95 OrangeGlo Moon and Stars, melons were common in Long Milky Way Quetzali ® the 1800s.] High yields 83 days. Best of our of 3–10 lb icebox-size Back! Moon and Stars, Long Milky Way OG 1999 taste trials. Very melons. Creamy white S ® 95 days. [Developed by Glenn Drowns. sweet, crisp 7–13 lb. The flesh is crisp with a fresh, Introduced 1992 by SESE.] This elongated Moon rind is unusually thick, sweet taste. Green rind White Wonder and Stars has a large yellow moon and a dark so loss to splitting tends with darker green stripes, green rind, speckled with bright yellow pinpoint to be low. Dark and light this unique white fleshed melon will be a hit at stars (resembling the Milky Way). Selected green stripes. Pink- farmers markets or on the picnic table. especially for color and flavor, this variety has red flesh, small seeds. #55119 Pkt (2 g, ~47 seeds) $2.75 #55115 Pkt (2 g, ~47 Quetzali PVP the largest moons and best flavor of its class. ilson weet ® 6 seeds) $2.75 W S OG S 85 days. The sweet Productive vines bear heavily, producing 20- red flesh and crisp juicy texture of this melon 30 lb fruits with bright red, delicious flesh. Renick Yellow S ® 6 draws comments like “the best melon I ever White-seeded strain. #55105 Pkt (3 g, ~28 [From the Renick Family tasted.” The unusual green mottled rind protects seeds) $2.95 of Ashville, OH, via Linda from sun scald. Thanks to Sand Hill Preserva- Moon And Stars, Roberts, Bill Ellis, and tion Center and grower Merlyn Niedens for Yellow Fleshed SSE.] High yields of small saving this excellent melon from near-extinc- OG S ® 6 90 melons with sweet yellow tion. Try it, we think you’ll like it! days. [Early 1900s flesh. Much tastier rinds #55120 Pkt (2 g, ~28 seeds) $2.95 than most watermelons GA family heir- Renick Yellow loom. Introduced have. #55133 Pkt (2 g , 1987 by SESE. ~44 seeds) $2.50 Years ago, a melon Moon & Stars, Back! Scaly Bark OG S ® 6 90 days. [1881, of this description Yellow-Fleshed Peter Henderson Co.] Unusual blue-green was routinely mottled skin has a rough look like that of tree shipped from Bermuda to some Southern states bark, and the rind is also as tough as bark; in around Christmas time.] Good flavor, the sweet- Peter Henderson’s book Gardening for Profit, est Moon and Stars variety. 15–35 lb fruits. Has he enthused, “in 1884, a specimen of this some tolerance to disease and drought. Rind variety left in our office stood a pressure of 1250 has many small yellow stars and some moons. pounds before breaking.” (Grower Rodger Winn To serve, try halving melons and scooping out notes that this is not true if the melons are left the insides using a melon ball scoop. Scallop the too long in the field!) 12-25 lb roundish fruits, edges and fill with melon balls of red and yellow scarlet red flesh, black seeds, crisp, sweet flavor. watermelon, muskmelon, and assorted fruit. #55125 Pkt (3 g, ~32 seeds) $2.75 Scaly Bark Wilson Sweet #55106 Pkt (3 g, ~28 seeds) $2.95 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Watermelon 59 Anise-Hyssop OG (Licorice 2 Herbs 2 Mint) (Agastache foeniculum) Culture and germination: Each herb has specific growing requirements. Please see our book section [P/70°F/LD/7/tp,ds/sun, part for additional growing information, as well as culinary and medicinal uses. Medicinal herbs: Infor- shade/18–48 in.] Native to the mation on medicinal herbs is condensed from various literature sources and is intended as a guide North-Central US. Beautiful for decisions for planting only. Any remedies described here are not intended as medical claims, nor decorative herb used for as a prescription for self-treatment, nor as a substitute for professional care or medical treatment. potpourri and to make a See your physician or qualified health professional prior to using herbs medicinally. Germination of superb aromatic herb tea. Also herb seed: Many herbs naturally vary greatly in their germination. Some can be higher than 80% quite tasty as a salad green. while others can be lower than 20%. Also please note that some herbs have Excellent nectar plant for special germination requirements. beekeepers. Attractive spires of lavender flowers. Medicinal: Anise (Pimpinella anisum) Relaxes capillaries. Used by some Anise-Hyssop 75 days. [A/70°F/LD/14/ Asians and American Indians for Key to Herb dsALF/sun/24 in./does best chest pain and respiratory ailments. Cultural Notes in cool weather.] Seeds are #71202 Pkt (0.05 g, ~230 seeds) $2.75 often used in applesauce, Astragalus OG (Chinese Milk Vetch) (Astraga- Cultural notes for herbs are often given in breads, soups, and teas for lus membranaceus) [P/scarify seed/D/7–12/Sp,- brackets after the variety name or category licorice-like flavor. Leaves Fall/tp,ds/sun/24 in.] Legume with reclining, name. The notes may also include spacing can be used in salads. Medic- spreading growth habit. Medicinal: The 4th requirements and days to maturity. inal: Hot tea helps break up or 5th year root is a traditional Chinese herb, bronchial mucous. Carmi- Anise Huang Qi, used since ancient times to increase A = annual, B = biennial, P = perennial native – a digestive aid for and tonify qi. Said to be a deep immune system The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone number relief of gas and cramping. activator. #71283 Pkt (0.2 g, ~50 seeds) is given for most biennials and perennials. #71201 Pkt (0.75 g, ~145 seeds) $2.50 $2.75 Cannot ship to HI For example, B4 means biennial in zones 4 through 10. Note that some perennials Basil (Sweet & Fancy Types) perform as annuals in the North. Ocimum basilicum, unless noted Temperature °F = recommended soil Culture: A/70°F/D/7–14/tp,ds,ALF/sun/18–30 in. temperature for germination. Medicinal: Basil has been used as a carminative. Re- search indicates it may inhibit gastric acid secretion Stratify (Pre-chill) = Seeds require a moist cold treatment to break dormancy. Put Bolloso Napoletano Basil ® 6 This seeds in covered moist planting medium in OG S Kapoor Tulsi refrigerator for at least 4 - 6 weeks. variety comes from Na- ples and is highly prized Scarify = Abrade in order to break dorman- Kapoor Tulsi OG S ® (Holy Basil) (O. sanc- cy, such as with a nail file or sandpaper. for its strong flavor. Giant rumpled 6 in. leaves are tum) [A/55°F night, 70°F day/D/14/tp,ds/18 in.] Fragrance reminscent of fruit and cloves. D = Dark required for germination. Cover great for pesto, though the thick leaves are Many medicinal and culinary uses. Stems, with soil, or use black plastic. leaves, flowers, and seeds are all good for mak- L = Light required for germination. Cover harder to dry than most. Vigorous 3 ft. plants are Bolloso Napoletano ing tea. Frequent harvests recommended. Easy lightly with soil or leave exposed on the to grow. Self-sows readily. #71104 Pkt (0.12 soil surface. pest-resistant and slow to g, ~211 seeds) $2.75 LD = No specific light requirement. flower. #71111 Pkt (0.15 g, ~102 seeds) $2.75; #71112C Lemon Basil OG (O. citriodora) Days to germinate: Average number of (7 g) $6.25 Deep lemon fragrance. Use for fish dishes, herb vinegars, and tea. days to germinate. Cinnamon Basil OG Has a #71105 Pkt (0.12 g, ~89 spicy cinnamon fragrance. seeds) $2.50 sun = Needs full sun for best results. Use as a tea or potpourri. Cinnamon shade = Tolerates/requires shade. #71102 Pkt (0.25 g, ~240 Lemon Basil, Mrs. seeds) $2.50 Burns’ OG S ® 6 (O. Planting: ds = direct sow, tp = transplant. citriodora) [New Mexico Dark Opal Basil Sp = Spring, Su = Summer, Fall = Fall OG (var. purpureum) [1962, AAS win- heirloom.] Larger leaves ner.] (2½ in.) and stronger Lemon ALF Ornamental dark purple = after last frost basil used like common basil flavor make this the pre- BLF = before last frost. ferred lemon basil variety for seasoning. May have a #71305 Pkt few green leaves. Beautiful in for chefs. Height Mature plant height in inches. (0.12 g, ~66 seeds) $2.75 salads. #71103 Pkt (0.15 g, Dark Opal ~111 seeds) $2.50 Example: Anise (Pimpinella anisum) [A/70oF/LD/14/dsALF/sun/24 in.]: Anise Eritrean Basil OG S ® is an annual (A) whose seeds germinate 6 (O. gratissimum) [Family best at 70oF. The seeds have no specific heirloom from an Eritrean requirement for light (L) or dark (D) in exchange student. Introduced order to germinate. Seedlings will emerge by SESE 2008.] Compact in approximately 14 days at the recom- plant with beautiful, small, o mended germination temperature of 70 F. purple-tinged green foliage, Lettuce Leaf Direct sow (ds) after the last frost (ALF). stunning in flower. It has a strongly attractive and spicy Anise grows best in full sun and reaches an Lettuce Leaf Basil (O. basilicum var. average height of 24 in. odor, and is much used in African cuisine. #71302 Pkt crispum) 85 days. The most productive of (0.12 g, ~70 seeds) $2.75 Eritrean the basils, this large Italian variety is excellent for pesto and basil in oil. 60 Herbs www.SouthernExposure.com #71106 Pkt (0.15 g, ~94 seeds) $2.75 Bergamot (Bee Balm) Borage OG (Borago officinalis) 80 days. Calendula Calendula officianalis Monarda spp. [A/70°F/L/10/ds, tp/sun/ 24–36 in.] Bor- age is a bushy herb with bright Culture: A/55–65°F/D/14/tp,ds/sun/18 in. /85 days. [P4/70°F/LD/14–21/sun, part shade/48 in.] blue edible flowers. The plant Plants fade in deep summer heat and humidity, but can has been used to attract be reseeded for late summer/early fall harvest. Flowers Lemon Bergamot 6 (M. citriodora) [Native to bumble bee pollinators are used as a food color, natural dye, and substitute for the Appalachians.] Some variation in blossom to garden plots. The saffron. For edible flowers, use the outer part of the color and citrus odor. Use dried leaves for leaves can be used petals (the whitish bit where the petals connect to the lemon scented herb tea or for flavoring meat sparingly to add a head is the most bitter). Medicinal: Traditionally used as or fish dishes. Harvest leaves before flowers cucumber-like flavor in an anti-inflammatory herb for localized skin problems. appear. #71203 Pkt (0.15 g, salads, or for flavoring Reported to activate cellular defense mechanisms. ~270 seeds) $2.50 cool drinks. Plants fade in deep summer heat and hu- Calendula, Wild Bergamot OG S Pacific Beauty Mix OG S midity, but can be reseeded Borage (M. fistulosa) A favorite for late summer/early fall 85 days. 3 in. yellow-or- of hummingbirds and harvest Medicinal: Seeds ange flowers. #71207 Pkt bees. Flowers of varying contain over 20% GLA (gamma (0.5 g, ~92 seeds) $2.75 shades of lavender may be linolenic acid) which is extracted and used Calendula, Resina S added to salads. Use commercially as an economical substitute OG Pacific Beauty Mix fragrant dried leaves Bright yellow, medi- for evening primrose oil. #71205 Pkt (1 um-size flowers; variety for tea and potpour- g, ~56 seeds) $2.50 ris. Medicinal: Used includes a few orange flowers. by several Native Burnet, Salad Medicinal: This strain has the high- American tribes as a OG S (Poteri- est amount of the resins prized by carminative. um sanguisorba) herbalists. #71303 Pkt (0.5 g, ~31 #71204 Pkt (0.1 g, seeds) $2.75; #71303C (7 g) $7.25 Wild Bergamot [P4/70°F/LD/ ~197 seeds) $2.75 tp,ds/sun/18 in.] Caraway (Carum carvi) 70 days. Resina Highly cold-har- Salad Burnet dy plant has a [B4/70°F/L/ 14/ds/sun/24 in.] nutty-cucumber Use the dried seeds for flavoring breads, leaves for Lime Basil OG (O. flavor, a great way to add cucumber flavor salads, and roots as a vegetable (raw or cooked). Used americanum) Similar to to winter salads. Flowers during the sum- especially to flavor rye bread and cabbage dishes. This Lemon Basil but with mer, then revives in cooler weather. In hot biennial produces seeds its second year after over-win- darker green leaves and climates, shade plants during summer, or tering. Medicinal: Highly regarded as a carminative. a lime fragrance. Accent sow a new batch in late summer. #71206 Also has anti-spasmodic and anti-microbial properties. for soups, salads, and Pkt (0.6 g, ~85 seeds) $2.75 #71208 Pkt (0.4 g, ~162 seeds) $2.50 fish. #71288 Pkt (0.12 g, ~85 seeds) $2.50 Cardoon 6 (Cynara cardunculus) [A/70°F/LD/ Spicy Bush Basil Lime tp/sun/48–72 in.] The ancestor of artichokes, with Mammoth Basil Huge, OG S (O. basilicum spinier leaves and a non-edible flower head, but the wide, shiny green var. minimum) Very stalks are harvested like celery and cooked. The leaves leaves, twice as aromatic miniature are bitter and should be removed. Good in soups large as other (8–12 in.) bush basil. or stews, pickled or fried. #71209 Pkt (0.5 g, ~14 Italian basils. A One of the prettiest seeds) $2.50 few leaves make a basils with small harvest. Add it to shiny leaves on highly Spicy Bush Catnip OG ® 6 salads or to make branched stems. (Nepeta cataria) [P4 a fine-flavored #71108 Pkt (0.15 g, ~127 seeds) $2.75 / 70°F / L / 7–21 / #71290 Pkt tp / sun / 24–30 in.] pesto. Sweet Genovese (0.12 g, ~67 seeds) Use this mint for Basil 85 days. $2.75 OG teas, or for amusing Mammoth A select large- your cat. (Note that Catnip Mrihani OG S leaf strain. Use only about 2 out of 3 ® 6 Great-tasting, fresh or dried for cats are amused! The relatively mild, ruffled flavoring sauces, remainder, who do not have the dominant gene for leaves with notes of soups, dressings, this response, are bored by this plant.) Medicinal: anise. Slow to bolt, and pesto. Our Traditionally used for colds and flu primarily as a and has very good most popular basil. diaphoretic for feverish conditions. Nepetalactone, resistance to basil #71107 Pkt (0.20 the primary ingredient of the essential oil, is chemi- downy mildew. From g, ~110 seeds) cally similar to the sedative component of Valerian. Zanzibar, where it is $2.50; #71107C #71210 Pkt (0.15 g, ~215 seeds) $2.50 used in perfumes as (7 g) $5.75 Sweet Genovese well as food. #71114 Mrihani Chamomile, German (Matricar- Sweet Thai Basil ia recutita) [A/55–60°F/ L/tp/ Pkt (0.12 g, ~70 ® Spicy flavor seeds) $2.75 OG sun/24–30 in.] The sweet-scented reminiscent of anise flowers of Chamomile are used to Red Rubin Basil OG and cloves goes well make Chamomile tea which has a A purple version of in curries and many distinctive apple-like flavor and fra- Italian Large Leaf basil. other Asian dishes. grance. Medicinal: Chamomile has Leaves are larger and Purple stems and long been used as a carminative, and more uniformly colored flowers contrast as an anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer than Dark Opal basil. attractively with the remedy to protect gastric mucous Sweet aroma and flavor. 2 in. green leaves. membranes. It is also anti-spasmod- #71289 Pkt (0.12 g, 12–18 in. plants. German ic, and anti-microbial. Used as a Chamomile ~78 seeds) $2.50 #71112 Pkt (0.18 g, nasal wash to treat sinusitis. #71212 Red Rubin ~185 seeds) $2.75 Sweet Thai Pkt (0.15 g, ~1440 seeds) $2.75 ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 61 Chervil, Brussels Winter Cress (Various Varieties) See Greens, p. 24. Echinacea (Coneflower) Echinacea spp. OG S (Anthriscus cerefolium) [A/55°F/L/7–21/tp,ds/ part Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) [A4/70°F/ds/sun/12 Culture: P3–9/stratify at 40°F if needed/LD/ shade/24 in.] Fresh chervil is in.] Long warm growing season required. Used for tp,ds/Sp/sun/24–36 in. All Echinaceas are an excellent flavoring for flavoring chili and dishes spiced with hot peppers. drought resistant. Keep young plants well weed- peas, potatoes, carrots, #71220 Pkt (0.5 g, ~194 seeds) $2.50 ed. Germination is typically around 50% and all eggs, and fish. Loses species except E. purpurea require stratification its flavor when dried, Dill Anethum graveolens (a period of moist pre-chilling) to break seed but the flavor can be dormancy. Seeds may be stratified by sowing in preserved in chervil butter. Brussels [A/70°F/L/7–21/ds/sun/30–48 in.] flats or pots in a cold frame over the winter, or Best quality comes from plants Winter Chervil a refrigerator for 2–4 months depending on the grown in partial shade in Bouquet Dill OG Similar to Long Island Mam- species. As little as 3 weeks of stratification will successive sowings. Medicinal: Traditionally used moth but shorter plants with larger flower/seed give some germination. Medicinal: All 9 species as a diaphoretic to treat fevers. #71213 Pkt (1 g, heads and larger leaves. A choice popular variety are medicinally important, and all parts of the ~440 seeds) $2.75 for pickling. #71221 Pkt (0.75 g, ~576 seeds) plant have some activity. Several pharmacolog- $2.50 ical studies have demonstrated immuno-stimu- Chives Allium spp. Dukat Dill OG S A lant, bacteriostatic, and anti-viral activity. It may [P3/60–70°F/D/tp,ds/sun, part shade/12 in.] European selection from be used as an anti-microbial anywhere in the Mammoth bred for high body. It activates macrophages, increases white Chives OG (A. schoenopra- essential oil content which blood cell levels, and inhibits microbial hyaluro- sum) 80 days. Grow indoors gives this variety a delicate nidase (an enzyme that causes host cells to break or outdoors for year-round aromatic fragrance and fla- down.) Echinacea is often used as a short term onion flavoring. Use chopped vor. Plants up to 6 ft. tall! immune stimulant (2 weeks maximum), but it is leaves and young flowers to #71263 Pkt (0.75 g, ~515 contraindicated in autoimmune system disorders add flavor and decorative gar- seeds) $2.50; #71263D and progressive diseases. nish to salads. Medicinal: A (14 g) $5.50 Dukat tonifying and healthful herb. The essential oil is highly an- Fernleaf Dill [1992, tibacterial. #71214 Pkt (0.2 AAS winner.] An attrac- g, ~183 seeds) $2.75 tive, early, compact dill Chives variety, 18 in. tall with Garlic Chives OG finely divided fern-like ® (Chinese Leeks, dark-green leaves. Best Chinese Chives) variety for leaf produc- (A. tuberosum) 80 tion and early fall crops. days. Leaves are Fernleaf is a slow-bolting, larger and flatter space-saving variety espe- Echinacea angustifolia than chives. Garlic cially suitable for contain- Fernleaf flavor for salads ers. #71222 Pkt (0.75 g, Echinacea angustifolia (Narrow-Leaved and seasoning. ~528 seeds) $2.75 Coneflower) [stratify 90–120 days.] [Native to #71215 Pkt (0.7 the dry prairies of the central U.S. This species has Long Island Mammoth Dill g, ~173 seeds) Garlic Chives 6 a long history of medicinal use starting with the $2.75 OG 70 days. The standard Native American tribes of the Great Plains.] The heirloom variety for flavoring plants are the smallest of the echinaceas (8–18 Cilantro/Coriander pickles, soups, breads, stews, in.) and the spreading pink ray petals are the OG (Coriander sativum) salads, and sauces. #71223 shortest (3/4–13/8 in. long). #71264 Pkt (0.2 g, [A/60°F/D/7–21/ds/ Pkt (0.75 g, ~576 seeds) ~52 seeds) $2.75 $2.50; #71223D (14 g) sun/30 in.] Widely used Long Island in cuisines from around $5.50 Mammoth the world. Plants are Fennel Foeniculum vulgare dulce most often harvested in Epazote OG S ® the leafy stage of their Cilantro/Coriander (Mexican Tea, Amer- Culture: B2–5,P6–10/70°F/D/7–14/ds/ development (cilantro) or ican Wormseed, Pa- sun/36–60 in. Medicinal: Fennel is used as a the mature seed stage (coriander). Roots, flowers, ico) (Dysphania ambrosioides) [A/70°F/LD/21/ carminative to relieve flatulence and colic while and immature seeds are also tasty. Plant monthly tp/sun/24–48 in.] Fresh leaves are ground or stimulating digestion. It is also anti-spasmodic, successions. Difficult to start in hot weather - crushed for seasoning corn, beans, and sauces anti-inflammatory, and is similar sow in shade, or keep soil covered and cool until used in Mexican dishes. Medicinal: A strong tea to anise in calming bronchial seedlings emerge. Self-sows in cool weather. Hardy rubbed on the skin repels insects and reduces coughs. It has estrogenic activ- to 15°F. #71216 Pkt (1 g, ~90 seeds) $2.50; irritation from insect bites. Also helps reduce ity and stimulates milk flow #71216D (14 g) $5.25; #71216F (1/4 lb) $7.25 flatulence from beans and relieves indigestion. in nursing mothers. #71225 Pkt (0.1 g, ~630 seeds) $2.75 New! Cranberry Hibiscus ® 6 S (Hibiscus Fennel, Bronze OG acetosella) [P9/germin: 75-85°F/LD/3-6 S (var. Rubrum) This days/tp/sun, part shade/80 in.] Dark red, decorative fennel has deliciously sour leaves remain tender even as beautiful lacy bronze leaves. they reach large sizes. Use in soups, salads, Useful as an ornamental as stir-fries, and more. Also great for tea or well as a culinary sweet fennel. pink lemonade. Similar in flavor to roselle. #71226 Pkt (0.2 g, ~75 seeds) Bronze Fennel Grows slowly as a young plant, then quickly $2.75 when the weather’s hot . Surpassed 12 feet wide in our 2019 garden! For smaller plants, Fennel, Florence OG (var. Azoricum) prune often, withhold water, and/or grow 90 days. Known to Italian gardeners as Finocchio. in pots. Very ornamental leaves, but hasn’t Dill-shaped leaves with distinctive licorice flavor. produced any flowers in our gardens. May produce bulbs, which can be blanched or eaten #71311 Pkt (~25 seeds) $3.25 Florence Fennel raw in salads. #71227 Pkt (1 g, ~300 seeds) $2.75 Cranberry 62 Herbs Hibiscus www.SouthernExposure.com Hibiscus – Lovage Levisticum officinale Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflow- See Roselle, page 64. ( ) [P3/65°F/D/14/ OG tp/sun, part shade/60 in.] As a culinary herb, er) [P3–9/stratify 60 days at 40°F/LD/tp,ds/Sp/ Horehound, White sun/24–36 in.] [Native to open woods and rocky lovage has a celery-like flavor but richer with (Marrubium vulgare) hints of fennel and curry. Use the stems, leaves, prairies from NE Texas to central Illinois.] Droop- [P4/60°F/D/tp,ds/ ing flower petals are 1½–3½ in. long and may and seeds in the same fashion as celery. Medic- sun/18–24 in.] This inal: As a medicinal herb, lovage is used as a tea range in color from pink, purple, or white, but member of the mint are typically rosy purple, with a purple-brown for its diuretic effect and as a carminative (relief family has a pleasant of gas). #71233 Pkt (0.25 g, ~70 seeds) $2.50 flower disc. Long, narrow leaves. 18–36 in. tall. fragrance and a men- Medicinal, drought-tolerant plant. #71265 Pkt thol-like flavor. Use as Marjoram, Sweet OG (0.2 g, ~42 seeds) $2.75 a tea and a flavoring for (Origanum hortensis) 70 days. Echinacea paradoxa Horehound candies. [P10/60°F/LD/21/tp/sun/12 (Yellow Coneflow- Medicinal: Contains White in./Don’t overwater.] Resem- Horehound er) [stratify 60 days.] substances which stimulate bles oregano in flavor though [Native to open secretions of the bron- milder with subtle overtones of woods, balds, and chial mucosa, soothe coughs, and break up mucus. balsam. Add it fresh to salads rocky prairies; espe- #71229 Pkt (0.15 g, ~140 seeds) $2.50 and tomatoes. Uses are similar cially common to the to oregano. Medicinal: Inhibits Hyssop OG S (Hyssopus offici- herpes simplex virus in labo- Arkansas Ozarks and nalis) [P4/65°F/D/tp/sun/24 Missouri.] The most ratory studies. #71234 Pkt in.] Ornamental shrubby (0.05 g, ~300 seeds) $2.75 exceptional of the herb used to season poultry. Sweet Marjoram echinaceas because Active constituents of hyssop the petals are yellow include volatile oils with a rather than purple, Echinacea paradoxa camphor-like odor and strong hence the name E. flavor. Medicinal: Hyssop tea paradoxa. Leaves are flavored with honey is used long and narrow. 24–48 in. tall. Deserves a place in as an expectorant. Collect the both medicinal and ornamental gardens. #71266 flowering tops in August and Pkt (0.2 g, ~52 seeds) $2.75 dry in the sun. #71230 Pkt (0.1 g, ~95 seeds) $2.75 Hyssop Mexican Mint Marigold Echinacea purpurea OG Lavender, English ® (Purple Coneflow- Mexican Mint Marigold OG 6 (Mexican (Munstead) Tarragon, Sweet Mace) (Tagetes lucida) [P8/ er) A very popular (Lavandula vera var. ornamental and 70°F /L/5–15 days /sun/ds, tp ALF.] Used as a Munstead) [P5/70°F substitute for French tarragon. Often compared the most common min/ LD/30/tp/sun/ species, widely to licorice and anise. Leaves are best used raw 18 in. /Requires or added at the end of cooking; goes well in fish used as a medicinal good drainage and plant. The flowers and chicken dishes, soups, salads, pestos, and wind protection. vinegars. In Mexico, leaves and flowers are used are 3–4 in. across Sow seed in slightly with pink-orange for tea. Can be used for dried flower arrange- alkaline sterile ments. Does very well in hot climates, perennial cone-shaped medium. Germinates centers and pur- in zones 8–11. #71309 Pkt (0.10 g, ~200 and grows slowly.] seeds) $2.75 ple-pink rays. Easy Munstead, the English Lavender to germinate and most aromatic of Milk Thistle OG (Silybum marianum) [A widely adapted. Echinacea purpurea the lavenders, is sweet and delicate. Flowers are or B/L/7–14/Sp, Fall/ds/sun/48–60 in.] All Unlike other echin- deeper blue than other lavender strains. Long- parts are edible. The young leaves (with spines aceas the seeds do lasting, pleasant scent also prevents moth damage removed) may be used in salads or cooked as a not require cold treatment, the roots are fibrous in woolens and discourages musty odors in linens. vegetable. Attractive, showy rose-purple flowers. rather than taprooted, and the plant is more Medicinal: Traditional herbal remedy used for Medicinal: The active principle is silymarin, highly branched at the top. #71224 Pkt (0.2 g, stress-related headaches. Also a carminative, a complex that helps stabilize and regenerate ~45 seeds) $2.50 antidepressant and calming tonic for the nervous liver cells. #71274 Pkt (1 g, ~40 seeds) $2.50 system. #71231 Pkt (0.15 g, ~150 seeds) $2.50 Cannot ship to TX. Feverfew OG S (Chrysan- Lemon Balm OG ® (Melissa of- Mint OG S (Mentha sp.) themum parthenium) [P4– ficinalis) [P4/70°F/L/10/ [P5/70°F/L/14/tp/sun, part 10/70°F/L/10–14/ds,tp/sun/30 tp/sun/30 in.] Use for shade/18 in.] Hardy, aromatic in./Remove flower heads hot and refreshing native plant. Variable. Mint before seed forms, cold teas as a lemon grown from seed produces otherwise the plant substitute. Essential plants that vary widely in will grow as an oils are volatile flavor and appearance from annual.] Small resulting in more spearmint to menthol mint to daisy-like blooms on fragrance than peppermint. Sow in pots and light-green foliage. flavor. Medicinal: transplant your favorite plants. Medicinal: Vasodila- Lemon balm has an- Can be used for mint sauce, jel- tor and anti-inflam- ti-viral action in lab ly, desserts, and, fresh or dried, matory. Studies pub- Feverfew tests against herpes for tea. Medicinal: A cooling lished in the British simplex, mumps, herb for external inflammation. medical journal Lancet and other viruses. Internally it has spasmolytic, reported that 2–3 fresh leaves of feverfew eaten Also a sedative, Lemon Balm carminative, and expectorant daily over a period of time reduced the severity calmative, and car- properties. #71235 Pkt (0.05 Mint and frequency of migraines. Feverfew has minative. #71232 g, ~600 seeds) $2.95 potential value in relieving arthritis symptoms. Pkt (0.19 g, ~345 ® Contraindicated during pregnancy. seeds) $2.50 New! Moringa (Drumstick Tree) #71228 Pkt (0.1 g, ~800 seeds) $2.75 See website for description and availability.

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 63 Wild Garden Perennial Insectary Parsley (Various Varieties) See Greens, p. 26. OG S ® The backbones of a spring Purslane, Golden OG S (Portulaca through fall oasis for your resident oleracea sativa) [A/70°F/7–10/LD/ beneficial insects. A complement ds,tp/Sp ALF/sun/12–18 in.] Up- of self-sowing annuals, biennials, right plants with orange stems and perennials provide food, shel- and large smooth succulent ter, and pollen. Broadcast or sow leaves. Cut-and-come-again edible in rows 14 in. apart, thinning to for salads. Medicinal: Wild purs- a final spacing of 12 in. Manage Greek Oregano lane is a source of omega-3 fatty plants by weeding and thinning acids. Hypotensive and diuretic volunteers each spring. The leaves Oregano, Greek OG (Origanum vulgare) properties reported. #71299 Pkt Golden Purslane are edible. Includes fennel, Ko- [P5/60°F/L/14–21/tp/sun/12 in.] An essential (0.15 g, ~360 seeds) $2.75 spice of pizza as well as tomato, cheese, and meat rean mint, garden sorrel, chervil, New! Quillquiña (Bo- parsley, chicory, cress, turnip, dishes. This is the flavorful Greek Oregano, not the flavorless oregano commonly available. Me- livian Papalo, Bolivian mustard, calendula, amaranth, Coriander) S ® 6 and orach. #92010 Pkt (7 g) $7.25 dicinal: Mildly carminative and anti-spasmodic. #71237 Pkt (0.05 g, ~500 seeds) $2.75 (Porophyllum ruderale) [A/germin: 70°F/L/7-10 days germ/tp, ds/sun/60 Seasonal Items: in.] Similar flavor to the Shipping Surcharges Apply At-Risk Medicinal Herbs more common Mexican papalo, with notes of Shipping Surcharge: $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items arugula, citrus, and rue. Quillquiña includes all fall shipped items: garlic, woodland medicinals (below), and onion bulbs. This Bolivian variety has Ginseng & Goldenseal ship in October. narrower, blue-green leaves, and a very complex If ordering by mail, pre-order by September 1st. U.S. shipping addresses only. flavor with more floral notes that we think a wider range of people will enjoy. Like cilantro, The following herbs are on the Appendix 2 of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in it is loved by many and hated by a few, though Endangered Species) list. They are also on the United Plant Savers primary list. Wild stands of these your opinion of cilantro is not a good predictor plants are disappearing from the woods of N. America. Whenever we plant these native plants in our of your opinion of quillquiña! Very aromat- woodlands we help ensure their long-term survival. Planting instructions included. ic. One planting can provide fresh greens for months. #71310 Pkt $3.25 Roselle, Thai Red Ginseng Goldenseal OG S ® 6 (Hibiscus sabdariffa) [TP/75– 85°F/7–14 days/sun/36– 60 in./tp.] Beautiful 3–5 ft. plants with red stems and leaf veins. The bright red calyxes can be used to make “zingy” tea, sauce, syrup, or jam, or candied whole for Thai Red Roselle an unusual treat. For strongly flavored teas, simmer for 10–20 min- Goldenseal Rhizomes (Hydrastis canadensis) Ginseng Seed S (Panax quinquefolius) Grows utes. Roselle was called “Florida cranberry” in 1–2 ft. with toothed leaves, small green/white Grows up to 16 in. with light green leaves, the 1890s. The flowers and young leaves are ed- flowers and bright red berries in early summer. small flower in late spring followed by a red ible and have a citrus tang. The stir-fried greens Plant 6 in. apart in raised beds. Requires 75% berry. Yellow rhizome is planted by root divi- are much used in Burmese cooking! Space plants shade – either forest or artificial. Likes hu- sions in the fall. A mature plant can be divided 3-6 ft. apart – the wider the spacing, the more mus-rich soil with good drainage. Fertilize and 3 to 5 times. Requires 75% shade in rich soil. calyxes will ripen. The only variety in several mulch well. Sustainably grown seeds. See below Plant grows from southern Canada to Georgia, trials to begin flowering by mid-summer here in for medicinal information. Seed stratified for 1 Alabama, and Kansas. Medicinal: Well known Virginia. #71301 Pkt (0.6 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95; year and shipped in fall ready to plant. to contain powerful antibacterial properties #71301C (7 g) $8.75 and has been used to treat inflamed mucous #71293 Pkt (2 g, ~20 seeds, see shipping Roselle, St. Kitts info above) $3.95 membranes. #71602 5 rhizomes (see shipping info above) $14.95 and Nevis S ® 6 Ginseng Root S (Panax quinquefolius) (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Requires north slope in a dense decidu- Growing & Marketing Gin- [TP/75-85°F/7-14 ous forest. Grows well with goldenseal seng, Goldenseal & Other days/sun/48-66 in./ tp] Highly productive and other native woodland plants as Woodland Medicinals [ W. companions. Roots are planted in the Scott Persons and Jeanine strain, great for Deep fall and can be harvested after the 4th M. Davis.] This updated and South growers. Louise to 7th year. Medicinal: Used tradition- expanded edition gives recom- Divine and Herman ally as a “cure-all” herb. It is known to mended methods of growing Holley of Turkey Hill St. Kitts & enhance physical health due to its ability and marketing ginseng, golden- Farm in Tallahassee, Nevis Roselle to help the body adapt to stress. Please seal, ramps, black cohosh, be- Florida have grown read more about this herb before using throot, bloodroot, blue cohosh, many different roselles, and say this is the best it medicinally. Planting guide includ- false unicorn, galax, mayapple, pinkroot, spikenard, for them, bearing loads of large, dark red calyxes ed. #71601 3 roots (2 years old, see wild ginger, wild indigo, and other native woodland from September through November. Here in shipping info above) $14.95; #71601Y medicinals. Includes over 200 photographs, numerous Virginia, the large plants are 12-18 in. taller 8 roots (2 years old) $39.50 tables, and extensive references and resources. This than Thai Red Roselle, but flower 6 weeks later, invaluable resource will excite and inspire everyone so it may not make sizable calyxes before frost. from the home gardener to the full-time farmer. 2nd #71312 Pkt (0.6g, ~20 seeds) $2.95 edition. Softcover, 480 pp. #91160 $39.95 64 Herbs www.SouthernExposure.com Rosemary OG ® (Rosemari- Thyme Thymus spp. German Winter Thyme OG (T. vulgaris) nus officinalis) [P8/55°F 85 days. [Ht. 8 in., space 12 in. apart.] night, 70°F day/L/14–30 Culture: P4/55–60°F/ Flavoring for sauces, soups, meats, in./tp/sun.] Requires a LD/14–30/tp dressings, and bean dishes. Shrubby, ev- well-drained, alkaline ergreen perennial. Medicinal: Used soil. Sow seed in a Creeping Thyme (T. as an expectorant and bronchial sterile seed starting serpyllum) [Plant in full Creeping anti-spasmodic and carminative. German mix with limestone sun in the north, part #71250 Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 Winter shade in the south/4 in.] added. Germination ® is normally low and A low-growing herb suited for rock Summer Thyme OG (T. vulgaris) growth of seedlings is gardens and raised herb beds. Slow 90 days. [Ht 6–12 in., perennial growing at first, it later forms dense mats. in zones 6–9.] Stronger flavor for slow. Rosemary is a ver- Rosemary satile culinary seasoning Provide shade where the summers are hot. cooking, smaller plants than Ger- For culinary and ornamental use. man Winter Thyme. for many vegetable or meat Summer dishes. Medicinal: Rosemary #71249 Pkt (0.2 g, ~1015 seeds) $2.50 #71304 Pkt (0.2 g) $2.75 has diverse medicinal properties, the most notable being its use as Soapwort (Saponaria offi- Summer Savory OG (Satureja a circulatory and nervine stimu- cinalis) [P3/70°F/L/10–21 hortensis) 60 days. [A/70°F lant. Extracts of rosemary have strong days/tp, ds/sun, part shade min./L/7–21/tp,ds/sun/12 in.] antioxidant and preservative properties. /12–24 in.] Used as a Cooking herb used for flavoring #71239 Pkt (0.07 g, ~58 natural soap, the roots and meats, dressings, soups, and sal- seeds) $2.95 leaves are soaked or heated ads. Especially good in bean and in water to extract saponins cabbage dishes, herb butters, and Sage, Common OG (Salvia which produce a lather. A Soapwort vinegars. A blending herb with a officinalis) 75 days. [P4/70°F/ non-irritating skin cleanser, peppery thyme quality, summer LD/7–21/tp,ds/sun/22–28 shampoo, and soap for delicate fabrics. #71245 Pkt savory draws together diverse in.] Best known as a flavoring (0.15 g, ~100 seeds) $2.75 flavors. Medicinal: Report- Summer Savory herb for meats, dressings, and edly the fresh leaves may be Sorrel, Garden sauces. As an ornamental, OG S rubbed on insect stings to relieve pain. sage provides a restful focal (Rumex acetosa) [P4/70°F #71242 Pkt (0.25 g, ~450 seeds) $2.75 point for any herb garden. /L/3–14/ ds/sun/36 in.] Medicinal: Traditionally Cold-hardy to 12°F. Use Valerian OG S (Valeri- used as a digestive tonic sparingly as a salad green ana officinalis) [P4/65°F/ and nerve tonic. Astringent for its lemon-like flavor. LD/21–30/tp/sun, part and antibacterial. #71241 Pkt Common Sorrel is best used in soups, shade/ 48–60 in.] Small (0.33 g, ~40 seeds) $2.75; Sage where it excels. #71246 Pkt Garden Sorrel aromatic white flowers #71241C (7 g) $6.25 (0.4 g, ~430 seeds) $2.75 are borne in sprays on tall plants. Naturalizes easily. Medicinal: Pharmacological Seasonal Items: studies have shown valerian Shipping Surcharges Apply root to be an effective Valerian tranquilizer and calmative Turmeric & Ginger without the side effects associated with Valium. #71251 Pkt (0.1 g, ~80 seeds) $2.75 Live Plants & Rhizomes For Late Spring Planting Wormwood Pre-Order Late Spring Shipments Wormwood (Artemisia Available Online Only Spilanthes absinthium) [P4/55°F/ Grow these popular rhizomes in your LD/7–10/tp,ds/ sun, part garden or greenhouse for medicinal uses, New! Spilanthes ® (Eyeball plant, Buzz Buttons, shade/24–36 in.] Worm- delicious dishes, and refreshing juices. Toothache Plant) (Spilanthes acmella) [A/germin: wood has been used as a Limited quantities - check our website 70-80°F/L/7-12 days/tp, ds/sun/8-12 in.] traditional bitter herb, but Wormwood for availability! Widely used around the world, and called by many is now considered hazard- names. A spreading, highly ornamental plant with ous for internal use. It is an attractive ornamen- gold and red, cone-shaped flowers often compared tal and can be used fresh or dried for flower in appearance to eyeballs. Edible leaves and flowers arrangements. Wormwood repels cabbageworm cause a strong tingling sensation in the mouth butterflies, flea beetles, and clothes moths. when eaten raw. Use in soups, sauces, sorbets, #71255 Pkt (0.1 g, ~1400 seeds) $2.50 cocktails, and shredded in salads. Has been used Wormwood, Sweet OG in a very wide range of medicinal applications, (Sweet Annie) (Artemisia including for various mouth issues. annua) [A/70°F/LD/ds/ #71298 Pkt (0.08 g, ~325 seeds) $2.75 sun/72 in./Self-sows read- St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) [P/strat- ily.] Grown mostly for its ify/7–30/Sp,Fall/tp,ds/sun/12–48 in.] A woody- sweetly scented foliage, stemmed herb with balsam-scented leaves and its ornamental value, its clusters of yellow, lemon-scented flowers. Harvest use in wreath-making, Sweet Wormwood flowers shortly after the plant comes into bloom. and for use in pressed Olive oil extracts of the flowers impart a red color leaf and flower arrangements. Seed is difficult to to the oil. Medicinal: Anti-inflammatory, anti-vi- clean and contains some light chaff. Medicinal: ral, and anti-depressive. Many other uses for this Sweet Annie is currently being investigated for multi-faceted herb. #71279 Pkt (0.05 g, ~600 its medicinal value as an antihelminthic, and for seeds) $2.50 Cannot ship to CA, CO, ID, HI, the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. Turmeric Ginger MT, NV, OR, or WA. #71256 Pkt (0.05 g, ~1700 seeds) $2.75

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Herbs 65 2 Flowers 2 Asters Callistephus chinensis Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Annual. Germination: 70°F, Perennial. Germination: 65–75°F, light required, Key to Cultural Notes on p. 60. 9 days. Full sun. Direct sow 20–90 days. Full sun. Direct sow. Ht. 24 in. or transplant. Space 6–12 Everlasting (drying) Flowers p. 73. in. apart. 85 days. Butterfly Weed OG [Peren- nial native to North Amer- Ageratum Ageratum houstonianum Crego Giant Mixed ica.] Bright orange flowers Colors OG S ® 6 Very attract bees, butterflies, and Annual. Germination: popular old favorite with some birds throughout the 75°F, light required, 5-10 large showy blooms in a growing season. Requires a days. Full sun or part mix of 6 colors. Tall plants very well-drained or gravel- shade. Transplant after last up to 3 ft. Excellent cut Crego Giant ly soil in full sun. Quickest frost. flowers. #01101 Pkt (0.1 blooms come from seed g, ~46 seeds) $2.75 sown in the fall; may take Butterfly Weed Ageratum, Dondo Blue Dondo Blue up to two years to become OG S ® (Floss Flow- Powder Puff Mixed Ageratum ® established from seed. Established plants are er, Bluemink) Prolific Colors OG S Double drought tolerant and freely self sow. #01159 clusters of blue flowers. Long stems do well in blooms in 7 colors: white, Pkt (0.25 g, ~50 seeds) $2.95 bouquets, but may take root if allowed to rest pink, rose, peach, crimson on the ground. Native to Mexico. Self-sows. red, sky blue, and medium #01190 Pkt (0.05 g, ~200 seeds) $2.75 blue on 3 ft. tall plants. Celosia Celosia cristata Excellent cut flowers for Annual. Germination: 60–90°F, 3–6 days. Full bouquets. #01133 Pkt (0.1 Powder Puff Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima g, ~50 seeds) $2.75 sun. Direct sow after last frost or transplant 4-week- Annual. Germination: 70°F, old plants. Space 4–8 in. 5-15 days, light required. Full apart. Ht. 24 in. sun or part shade. Direct sow Bachelor’s Button (Cornflower) Centaurea cyanus or transplant after last frost. Brenda Jordan’s Heir- Ht. 8-12 in. Annual. Germination: loom OG S ® 6 [Intro- 60°F, darkness required, duced by SESE 1986.] An Sweet Alyssum ® 6 OG S 14 days. Full sun. Direct old fashioned cockscomb Brenda Jordan’s Low, spreading mounds with sow in mid-spring. Space with large scarlet, velvet Heirloom Celosia sweetly fragrant tiny white Sweet Alyssum 12–16 in. apart. crested flowers, 3 in. flowers in clusters. Often thick by 9 in. long on 18 blooms so thickly as to completely hide the foli- Black Ball OG S ® Strik- Black Ball in. plants. Produces a num- age! Long-blooming, especially if spent blooms ing maroon-black flowers, ber of side shoots as well. are cut back. Attractive to bees, butterflies, and 30-36 in. tall. Dark col- #01168 Pkt (0.2 g, ~350 other pollinators. Great for undersowing, plant- ors contrast nicely with seeds) $2.75 ing between paving stones, or as a ground cover. the lighter shades of more #01180 Pkt (0.25 g, ~625 seeds) $2.75 traditional bachelor’s but- Cockscomb Mix OG ® tons. #01176 Pkt (0.5 75 days. Vivid multi-col- g, ~106 seeds) $2.75 ored velvet-crested combs. Amaranth Impressive fresh or dried. Blue Boy ® Amaranthus caudatus OG S An Blue Boy #01156 Pkt (0.2 g, ~225 Cockscomb Mix For more amaranths, see pp. old favorite for cut or seeds) $2.75 23 & 74. dried deep-blue flowers. Annual. Germina- Plants are 30 in. tall and tion: 70–75°F, light required, are especially suited for Cleome (Spider Flower) 7–10 days. Full sun. Direct backs of borders. #01103 Cleome spinosa sow after last frost.Space 12–24 Pkt (0.5 g, ~106 seeds) in. apart. Ht 36–60 in. $2.75 Annual. Germination: 60–80°F, 14 days. Full sun. Love-Lies-Bleeding OG S 6 Polka Dot OG S ® Pre-chill moist seeds at Crimson tassels up to 24 in. Polka Dot is a mixture of 40°F for 2–4 days, direct long “drip” from these showy Love-Lies- Polka Dot Bleeding red, rose, blue, and lavender sow mid-spring. Space plants. Good fresh or dried. shades. Compact plants are 16–20 in. apart. 70 days. Stake plants for best display. 16 in. tall and flower more profusely than taller #01154 Pkt (0.15 g, ~750 seeds) $2.75 varieties. #01104 Pkt (0.5 g, ~106 seeds) $2.75 Queen OG ® Pink, rose, and purple flowers Queen Cleome with many side blooms. Ammi New! Dara ® (Daucus carota) [Bien- Attractive to bumblebees New! Bishop’s Flower S ® 6 (White Dill) (Ammi nial. Direct seed. Full and hummingbirds. Blooms all summer. A great majus) [Annual. Germination: 7-21 days. Direct sun.] Elegant flower trap crop for harlequin bugs and stinkbugs. Ht. seed. Sun or part shade. Ht. 24-48 in.] Has the look clusters in pink, dark 48 in. #01105 Pkt (0.5 g, ~225 seeds) $2.75; of Queen Anne’s Lace without the excessive self-sow- purple, and white. #01105C (7 g) $8.25 ing. Good as a cut flower. The greens, flowers, and Attracts pollinators seeds have a pleasant, distinctive taste, but it may be including tachinid flies, which parasitize squash best to avoid eating significant amounts. Seeds have Bishop’s Flower bugs. Though closely related to Queen Anne’s been used for several medicinal purposes. White Lace, Dara is not aggressive in the garden. Best umbels attract pollinators including tachinid flies, planted in fall, for spring flowers, in most climates. which parasitize squash bugs. Also supports a wide range of other beneficial Here in Virginia, our spring planting reached only insects. Skin contact may lead to photosensitivity; use gloves when handling 24 in., but our fall planting reached 60 in. and large quantities. May be sown in fall before first frost, or in spring after last produced larger flowerheads over a longer period. frost. Plant in well-drained soil. #01199 Pkt (0.2 g, ~250 seeds) $2.75 #01201 Pkt (0.1 g, ~100 seeds) $2.95

66 Flowers www.SouthernExposure.com Dara Coreopsis Cotton, Natural Colors Gossypium hirsutum Coreposis tinctoria Cannot ship to TX. Some other southeastern states require a waiver Annual. Germi- or permit: contact your extension agency for more information. nation: 55-70°F, 21-28 days. Full History: Naturally colored cottons were grown by enslaved Africans and their descendants prior to the Civ- sun or part shade. il War. In many instances, enslaved people on plantations were not permitted to wear white cotton by their Direct sow or enslavers. Brown cotton was the most commonly grown, but there are other naturally colored cottons such transplant after as green, blue, yellow, and pink, and they all have their own subtle beauty. These heirloom cottons are now last frost. Space 6 difficult to find. They have fallen out of favor because the fibers are shorter and not as suitable for spinning in. apart or closer. and dyeing as modern white cotton. With naturally colored cottons now quite rare, we are attempting to Ht. 24-36 in. locate and preserve other authentic heirloom varieties. Note: Everyone should grow and harvest a long row Dyer’s Coreopsis of cotton at least once in their lifetime so as to understand what slaves had to endure while harvesting cot- Dyer’s Coreopsis ton. The bolls are borne on the plant at a back-bending level, and they are sharp. Plucking cotton from nu- Mix ® 6 83 days. Native plant. merous bolls hurts the hands. Imagine doing this all day. Culture: Cotton is an annual plant that requires a long, Abundant 1½ in. flowers with warm growing season to mature properly. Needs full sun. In zones 8–10 it can be sown directly after the last frost. yellow petals and dark red centers. In zones 5–7, treat like tomatoes, start seed indoors and transplant out 4–8 week-old seedlings after last frost. Seed Attracts bees and birds. Yields a germinates in 7–21 days at 70°F. Plant 18–30 in. apart in rows 5 ft. apart. Plants start flowering in mid-summer. broad range of dye colors. Very Bolls take a few more months to mature; warm late summer weather is necessary for a good crop. Plants grow to narrow leaves, even on young 3–7 ft. tall. Maturity Dates: Days to maturity (mature bolls) are from transplanting. Harvest: Wait for bolls to plants. Self-sows readily; does well split open before harvesting. (Note: bolls that split open after a frost are damaged and immature.) Seed Savers: in meadow plantings. #01177 Isolate varieties by 1/8 mile for home use, or 1/4 to ½ mile or greater for pure seed. Virginia gardeners must acquire a Pkt (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.75 permit to grow cotton. For more information, contact your nearest extension agent. Back! Arkansas Green Annual. Germination: 14 days, 70 degrees F. Prefers Lint OG S ® 6 135 days. Cosmos full sun. Tolerates partial shade, poor soils, and drought Soft light green cotton with Cosmos bipinnatus unless indicated once established. For earlier blooms sow indoors 4-6 short fibers and dark green weeks before last frost. Or sow outdoors after all danger seeds. The yellow-pink of frost. Plant 1/4 in. deep; thin to 12-14 in. spacing. Deadhead to prolong blooming. Seed heads flowers are lovely, excellent will attract birds. C. sulphureus petals are edible. in floral arrangements. 5-7 ft. tall plants. #72203 Pkt Memories of (~16-20 seeds) $4.80 Arkansas Green Mona ® OG S Lint (C. sulphureus) 57 Erlene’s Green OG S ® days. [Introduced 6 130 days. [Family heir- 1998 by SESE. A red loom from Erlene Melancon selection of Mona’s in east Texas. Erlene said Orange developed that she has been spinning by Dr. Jeff McCor- green cotton for years and mack as a tribute to Mona’s Orange that her grandmother loved Mona Spangler.] An using colored cotton in her extremely hardy, Mona’s Orange OG S ® 6 (C. sulphureus) 59 quilts.] The fibers are light drought-resistant, days. [Introduced 1990 by SESE. Family heirloom olive green and can be Erlene’s Green brightly colored cos- from southern California.] Radiant orange, mostly spun off the seed. Harvest mos. Orange and red single-petalled blooms, 2–21 in. on 6–7 ft. the bolls shortly after they open so that the fiber flowers range from plants. About 10% have red-bordered petals with does not fade in the sunlight. Once it is spun solid deep red to some interior red streaks. Blooms all summer, and washed it turns yellowish-green. 5 ft. tall bright orange, many very hardy. #01107 Pkt (0.5 g, ~52 seeds) $2.75 plants. #72202 Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 with red borders Memories of Mona Picotee OG S ® 56 Naturally Colored Cotton and streaks. Flowers days. Beautiful 1½–2 are 2–2½ in. wide. 6 ft. plants bear until frost. continues on the next page. #01141 Pkt (0.5 g, ~52 seeds) $2.75 in. cosmos in shades of pink, red, and white, mostly with streaked petals. Good for cut flower arrangements. 4–5 ft. plants. #01135 Pkt (0.5 g, ~75 seeds) $2.75 Picotee Sea Shells Mix OG ® 65 days. Uniquely rolled and ruffled petals come in mixed shades of red, pink and white, giving a bi-color feel. Sea Shells Mix Well-branched plants up to 6 ft. tall thrive in Mexican Cosmos difficult sunny and dry spots, flowering freely all summer. #01165 Pkt (0.5 g, ~57 seeds) $2.75; #01165D (14 g) $7.75 New! Mexican Cosmos OG S ® 6 (C. sulphureus) 68 days. [Seedstock courtesy a Sensation Mix OG ® 6 45 days. [1936, seed-saver in far Northern California, who AAS winner.] Our earliest cosmos. Large sin- received this variety from a seed-saver in gle flowers in a mixture of white, pink, and Wisconsin.] 2 in. golden yellow flowers on 5-ft. purple. Popular old favorite. 4–5 ft. plants. plants. Vigrous plants bloom until frost. #01106 Pkt (0.5 g, ~110 seeds) $2.75 #01203 Pkt (0.5 g, ~43 seeds) $2.75 Sensation Mix

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 67 Naturally Colored Cotton Evening Scented Primrose Continued Oenothera glazioviana Mississippi Brown S ® 6 130 days. [Pre-1860. Once Biennial. Germination: 65–75°F, 14–21 days. grown by enslaved Africans, this Full sun. Sow May through July in pots or flats; seed came from a plantation transplant after several true leaves have devel- near Natchez, Mississippi via oped. Space 16–18 in. apart. Ht. 36–48 in. Seed Saver John Coykend- Tina James’ Magic ® 6 all.] Drought-tolerant 5 Mississippi Brown OG S [Introduced ft. tall plants produce an 1987 by SESE.] The large fragrant blooms burst abundance of light tan to golden brown cotton. open suddenly at dusk. The crisp, yellow, showy Some plants have deeply lobed leaves like Nan- four-petalled flowers circle a spire of reddish, swollen buds. Blooms are 2/3 open within 10 keen. #72204 Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 seconds or less, and fully open within 1–2 min- Nankeen S ® 6 130 utes! Blooming lasts 5–6 weeks or more. Will days. [Pre-1860. Seed bloom indoors as a cut flower for approximately and history supplied a week. Dim lights to induce flowers to open by John House III of indoors in the evening. Produces a flat rosette of Tina James’ Magic the Mansfield State leaves the first year, followed by 3–4 ft. yellow spires the second year. Very hardy. During the Commemorative Area, Viola tricolor Mansfield, LA. Intro- evening the flowers are pollinated by night-fly- Johnny-Jump-Up duced 1997 by SESE.] ing moths as large as hummingbirds. This Perennial. Germination: A short-fiber, naturally variety was discovered by garden writer Tina 70oF, dark required, 12 brown cotton grown James who hosts “primrose parties” every year. days. Full sun. Direct sow since the Civil War. Makes an interesting container plant for a deck or transplant after last The lint is a non-fading Nankeen or balcony and is a great conversation piece. frost. Space 9 in. apart. attractive dark copper #01118 Pkt (0.05 g, ~110 seeds) $3.85 Ht. 7 in. color that becomes brighter as it is washed. Branches of the plant are longer and thinner Helen Mount Old-fash- and leaves more lobed than other cotton. Unlike Four O’Clocks Mirabilis jalapa ioned favorite. Tricolor modern hybrids, its blooming cycle is longer, blooms of purple, blue, and it grows well in poor dry soil, it’s hardier and yellow. #01111 Pkt (0.08 appears to have slightly better insect-resistance. g, ~121 seeds) $2.50 Helen Mount Nankeen is planted as an ornamental in some parts of Louisiana. We include additional inter- Kiss-Me-Over-the- esting history of the Nankeen shirt with each seed packet. #72201 Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 Garden-Gate (Polygonum orientale) Annual. Chill before planting. Germina- tion: 50°F, 21 days. Full sun. Transplant with care after last frost or direct sow. Ht. 4-7 ft. Space 2-4 ft. apart. Broken Colors Kiss-Me-Over-the- Garden-Gate OG Annual. Germination: 70°F, 14 days. Full sun. ® 6 Red-Foliated White S (Prince’s Direct sow in late spring. Space 12–18 in. apart. Feather, Oriental Self sows. Kiss-Me-Over-the- Persicary) Garden-Gate Red Foliated White OG Pink flower S ® 120 days. [From Broken Colors OG S ® 6 This almost lost clusters hang grace- SSE member Alice Gamew- heirloom variety fills the garden with a riot of fully. Heart-shaped leaves. Grown by Thomas el via Charles Hoehnle. bi-colored and splashed patterns every afternoon Jefferson. #01192 Pkt (1 g, ~105 seeds) $2.95 Introduced 2008 by in tones of raspberry, yellow, orange, gold and SESE.] A beautiful plant white. Drought tolerant plants are 36 in. tall with dark red stems and and produce a profusion of new flowers daily leaves. 3–5 ft. tall, grows from mid-summer until frost. well in a container or in a #01164 Pkt (2 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95 flower bed. Green when it first emerges but soon develops its red coloring. Hollyhock Alcea rosea The cotton is a short staple white. Biennial. Germination: 60oF, 14–21 days. Full sun. #72205 Pkt (~16–20 seeds) $4.80 Direct sow or transplant. Grows best in cool season areas sheltered from the wind. Space 12–24 in. apart. Ht. 6 ft. Sea Island Brown OG S ® 6 135 days. [Likely cross of Sea Island White and an unknown Black ® 6 [Pre-1830.] Magnifcent spikes of satiny brown cotton. Introduced 2010 by SESE.] “Naked blue-black single flowers form the second year from seeds” are easily removed from the lint, has a first-year leafy 18 in. leaf rosettes. Flowers may be used longer fiber than other browns. The tall (5-6 ft.) for tea. #01109 Pkt (0.25 g, ~25 seeds) $2.75 plants and some shine to the spun cotton both point to a Sea Island heritage. Outhouse OG S ® 6 Mixed colored hollyhock can #72206 Pkt (16-20 seeds) $4.80 grow up to 9 ft. tall. Single pink, white, red and bur- gundy flowers. Traditionally grown near outhouses. 68 Flowers #01145 Pkt 0.4 g (~35 seeds) $2.75 Black Outhouse Larkspur Consolida ambigua Lion’s Ear (Klip Dagga) Annual. Germination: 60oF, dark Leonotis nepetifolia Tender Perennial, may regrow if required, 21 days. Full sun. Direct winter lows are above 20°F. Germination: 65-75°F, dark- sow as soon as soil can ness required, 14-21 days. Full sun. Transplant out or be worked. Space direct sow after last frost. Space 2-4 ft. apart. Ht 4-10 ft. 8–16 in. apart. Ht. 36–48 in. Lion’s Ear OG S ® 6 Large and sprawling, this ten- tacular giant is freedom loving and will certainly become Galilee Mix OG a favorite if you value the wild and woolly. Humming- Lion’s Ear ® (Delphinium birds and butterflies love its nectar-rich, fuzzy consolida) 85 days. flower tubules that leap from sharp, spiky green bracts. Flowers starting late summer. The nectar Nice mix of blue, Ipomoea purpurea pink, lilac, white, has a sweet grapefruit taste, and many parts of Morning Glory and rose. 3 ft. this bitter plant have been used in traditional Annual. Germination: 70°F, 14 days. Full sun. plants. #01169 medicines. Moderately drought tolerant, prefers Soak seeds 2 days, changing water every 12 Pkt (0.3 g, ~95 Galilee Mix well-drained soils. If you like the unusual and hours, then direct sow or transplant after frost. seeds) $2.75 unruly, this orange monster is for you! #01197 Space 8 in. apart. 65 days. Cannot ship to AZ, Pkt (0.25g, ~150 seeds) $2.95 AR, Puerto Rico.

Grandpa Ott’s ® 6 French Marigold Tagetes patula Red Metamorph OG S [Family heirloom from ® Annual. Germination: 70°F, 4-8 days. Full sun. 75-85 days. [Bred by Diane Ott Whealy. One Direct sow or transplant after last frost. Alan Kapuler, named for of the original varieties Space 8–16 in. apart. the alien shapeshifters in that started Seed Saver’s Robert Silverberg’s Majipoor Exchange and the whole novels.] In cooler weather, Frances’ Choice OG heirlooms movement.] Beau- ® the flowers are a deep ruby tiful deep-purple flowers Grandpa Ott’s S 93 days. [Named color, but in warm weather for plant pioneer with a ruby throat that can splashes of orange appear climb 15 ft. or more. Reliably self-seeds here on Frances Huffman by as well! 2-3 ft. plants make Alan Kapuler.] Tidy our central Virginia farm and at Heritage Farm in a nice, compact annual Red Metamorph Iowa. #01149 Pkt (1 g, ~25 seeds) $2.50 3–4 ft. tall plants are hedge. #01173 Pkt (0.5 g, covered with dark ~155 seeds) $2.75 Heavenly Blue OG red-purple single ® Frances’ Choice Tall-climbing, flowers with a Spanish Brocade ® fast-growing vine with dramatic gold rim 69 days. Yellow and bright 4 in. sky-blue around each petal. 8 gold petals splashed flowers. Popular old in. stems make with red flecks. An old favorite. #01115 Pkt lovely bouquets. favorite of the Brocade (1 g, ~27 seeds) $2.75 Heavenly Blue #01153 Pkt (0.5 g, class. 24–30 in. plants ~180 seeds) $2.75 #01138 Pkt (0.5 g, ~165 seeds) $2.75 Spanish Brocade Lemon Drop ® 55 Phoenican Mullein days. Our earliest Tashkent #1 OG S Verbascum chaxii marigold. 2 ft. plants ® 6 78 days. [Found outside an Perennial. Germination: with large, yellow, old Muslim school in Tashkent, 55–70°F, 14–28 days. Direct sow double blooms. Flow- Uzbekistan in 1992. A favorite or transplant. Space 15–18 in. ers from June until Lemon Drop of flower seed collector Bob Bell. apart. Self sows readily. frost. #01114 Pkt (0.5 Introduced 1999 by SESE.] g, ~197 seeds) $2.75 24–30 in. tall plants with a Phoenician Mullein OG S ® sweet marigold fragrance. Lacks (Nettle Leafed Mullein) 100 Naughty Marietta OG S ® the common astringent odor days. Hardy perennial produces 75 days. Old fashioned of other marigolds. The plants 3–4 ft. spires of white/mauve marigold. Golden-yel- are so fragrant they sweeten the blooms rising above a decora- low single flowers with air on a hot summer day. Bears tive rosette of large, dark green, splashes of mahogany. 2 numerous 11–2 in. single crinkled leaves. Plants flower ft. tall plants. (Similar to petalled flowers that have yellow the first year from seed sown “Dainty Marietta,” but centers and velvet mahogany Tashkent #1 indoors. Drought tolerance and somehow “Naughty Mar- petals, with a fine orange border. self sowing habit makes it perfect ietta” gets more atten- Petals change from mahogany-red to for cottage gardens and informal tion...) #01167 Pkt (0.5 Naughty Marietta orange-red as they mature. One of our favorites. borders. #01171 Pkt (0.05 g, Phoenician g, ~140 seeds) $2.75 #01142 Pkt (0.5 g, ~148 seeds) $2.75 ~1000 seeds) $2.75 Mullein Signet Marigold African Marigold Tagetes tenuifolia Tagetes erecta Lemon Gem S 59 days. Powerfully scented African Marigold, Cracker- 10-20 in. tall plants with abundant 1-in. bright jack Mix OG ® 82 days. Classic yellow blooms. Fern-like leaves can reach 2½ marigold. Large, 3-4 in., double in. long x 1½ in. wide but are generally much yellow and orange flowers on smaller. Can be planted more closely (6-8 in. 3-4-ft. plants. When Ira was apart) than other marigolds. Petals and leaves are growing up in Florida, this was edible; the leaves taste very similar to Peruvian her grandmother’s favorite mari- huacatay and can be used as a substitute for pars- gold. #01183 Pkt $2.75 ley. #01181 Pkt (0.25 g, ~370 seeds) $2.95 Lemon Gem Crackerjack Mix ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 69 Nasturtium (Indian Cress) Phlox Phlox drummondii Portulaca Tropaeolum majus Annual. Germination: 70°F, 7-21 days. Full sun. Portulaca grandiflora Annual. Germina- Transplant or direct seed 4-6 weeks before last Annual. 75°F, light tion: 65°F, 14 days. frost. Ht. 6-12 in. required, 14 days. Full Transplant or direct sun. Direct sow or sow sow after last frost. Red Drummond ® indoors 6–8 weeks be- Space 6–12 in. apart. 680 days.[Named for fore transplanting after Ht. 9–18 in. Thomas Drummond, who danger of frost. Space sent seeds from Texas to 6–12 in. apart. Jewel Mixed Colors England in 1835.] Texas OG Upright, bushy native with clusters of 1 Old-Fashioned Moss growth in a mixture in. magenta-red flowers Rose OG S A lovely of colors: Red, yellow, with burgundy centers mix of semi-double orange, pink, and and pale pink undersides; Red Drummond and double flowers rose. Single and dou- Small, pointed leaves. resembling miniature ble flowers with some Very hardy – in the fall, roses. The 6 in. plants bicolored flowers. blooms survive down to at least 20°F – a great bear a profusion of 2 Jewel Mixed Old-Fashioned Moss Use edible flowers flower for supporting pollinators! in. flowers in delicate Rose Portulaca in vinegar to make Colors Nasturtium #01179 Pkt (0.3 g, ~170 seeds) $2.50 shades of yellow, Indian Cress vinegar, rose, white, and pink. or use flowers and leaves in salads. #01116 Pkt Capable of storing water in its fleshy stems, Por- (4 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95; #01116E (28 g) $8.50 Poppy, Breadseed tulaca is drought resistant and grows well even Papaver somniforum in poor soil once established. Bears until frost. #01148 Pkt (0.05 g, ~200 seeds) $2.75 Nicotiana alata Annual. Germination: 60°F, light required. Nicotiana 6-10 days. Direct seed. Plant in late fall to early spring. Thin to 24-36 in. apart. (Flowering Tobacco) Rose Campion Lychnis cherise Annual. Germination: 75°F, light required, 14 Poppy, Breadseed, Biennial or short lived days. Full sun. Transplant. Space 9–12 in. apart. Hungarian Blue OG perennial. Germina- S [A/60°F/L/ 6–10/ Old Fashioned Mix tion: 60–65°F, light OG ds/24–36 in.] Beautiful S ® 6 Flowing cascades required. Sow in fall of star shaped blooms in bluish-purple flowers give or early spring, needs shades of white, pink, way to attractive pods exposure to cold for fuschia, maroon, and pur- filled with poppyseed for good germination. ple. Sweetly fragrant 2 in. baking. Pods can also be Space 18 in. apart. Ht. flowers with 3 in. tubes. Ht. used in dried arrange- 32 in. 36 in. #01140 Pkt (0.05 g, ments. Stake seed heads Hungarian Blue Rose Campion ~440 seeds) $2.95 Nicotiana to prevent seed loss. OG S Plant in late fall to very Breadseed Poppy ® 6 80 days. Bright early spring. #71306 Pkt pink-red flowers with Petunia Petunia spp. (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.95 silver-grey woolly leaves that are soft to Annual. Germination: 70°F, light required, 10 Elka White Oilseed Rose Campion 6 the touch. Tall stems days. Full sun. Sow in flats or pots OG S White make it perfect for cut in March or April; transplant after blossoms with flowers. Deadhead spent stems to keep it bloom- last frost. Space 12 in. apart. Ht. lavender centers, ing. Hardy and freely self sowing. #01170 Pkt 15–30 in. followed by good (0.06 g, ~110 seeds) $2.75 yields of pods Balcony Petunia OG S ® 6 with white seeds. Elka White (P. pendula) Heirloom described Closed vents help Oilseed in 1934 as the most showy of all prevent seed loss. petunias. Evening brings out the Rare variety selected in Slovakia for oil sweet fragrance of these rich velvety production; also ornamental and good for textured flowers in shades of violet, using the delicious, nutty-flavored, white white, pink, and purple. Plants seeds whole in baked goods. bloom until frost. Hardy and Balcony Petunia #01194 Pkt (0.25 g, ~500 seeds) $2.95 self-sowing. #01157 Pkt (0.05 g, ~475 seeds) $2.95 Rudbeckia Old Fashioned Vining Petu- New! Cutleaf Coneflower (Sochan) OG nia OG S ® 6 (P. multiflora) S ® 6 (Rudbeckia laciniata) [Perennial to [Grandma Jean, our first regular staff zone 3. Transplant or direct sow. Sun or part Cutleaf Coneflower member, recalls this heirloom petunia shade. Ht. 84 in.] Produces delicious leaves from her grandmother’s garden. Old and shoots in spring. Harvest young leaves Fashioned Vining dates back to the and shoots tender enough to be palatable. Abundant Goldsturm early 1900s, well before Grandma 2-3 in. yellow flowers that feed pollinators in late Goldsturm ® Rudbeckia fulgida Jean was born.] Ever-blooming Old-Fashioned summer and early fall, followed by seeds that feed ( ) and much hardier than modern Vining Petunia native birds. A traditional Cherokee food. Native to [Perennial. Germination: 70°F, darkness varieties, this old favorite blooms the Southeast. Tends to spread via rhizomes. Many required, 21 days. Full sun. Transplant into the fall when other annuals have faded and gardeners will find it necessary to reign this plant in. or direct sow after frost. Space 15–24 gone. Self-sows more readily than Balcony Petu- Recommended only for larger garden sites. Our current in. apart. Ht. 24 in.] Sometimes called nia. Colors from white to shades of lavender and seed lot is from single-flowered plants that may have ex- Black-Eyed Susan. Attractive, gold-col- purple. Ht. 18-24 in. Sweet fragrance, reminis- perienced some cross-pollination with a double-flowered ored 3–4 in. flowers with choco- cent of Lily-of-the-Valley. #01131 Pkt (0.05 g, cultivar. #01198 Pkt (0.2 g, ~144 seeds) $2.50 late-colored centers. Self-sows and ~475 seeds) $2.95 naturalizes aggressively. Very hardy. 70 Flowers www.SouthernExposure.com #01119 Pkt (0.2 g, ~20 seeds) $2.95 Peruviana Yellow Sweet Pea Lathyrus odoratus Zinnia Zinnia spp. OG S ® 6 (Z. Annual. Germination 55°F, Annual. Germination: 70°F, 7 days. Full sun. peruviana) [Pre-1700. requires darkness, 15 days. Direct sow or sow indoors 3–4 weeks before Introduced 1994 Full sun. Soak seed 24 transplanting after the last frost. Space 12–24 in. by SESE.] Single hours, direct sow in fertile apart depending on plant height. Easy to grow. blooms, 1½ in. soil as soon as soil can be diameter, are yellow worked. Space 6–12 in. changing to light apart. Does best in cooler yellow. Appropriate temperatures. for historical gardens, Peruviana Yellow mass plantings, rock- Old Spice Mix OG ® 6 eries, or natural settings. Ht. 18–24 in. [Heirloom mix of varieties #01125 Pkt (0.5 g, ~125 seeds) $2.75 dating from 1699 to 1907.] ® Highly fragrant, heat-re- Red Beauty OG S sistant flowers in many Beautiful dark red double colors. Climbing vines are flowers with gold-tipped best trellised. (Note: Toxic centers. 4-5 in. flowers in large quantities.) #01155 on 3-ft. tall plants. Long Pkt (2 g, ~27 seeds) $2.75 Old Spice Mix stems and great vase life make this an ideal cut Cactus-Flowered flower. #01175 Pkt Sweet William Dianthus barbatus (0.5 g, ~62 seeds $2.75 Red Beauty Perennial. Cactus-Flowered OG S ® Spiky looking State Fair Mix ® Germination: 2-5-in. blooms are a striking contrast to regular (Z. elegans) Large 4 60–70°F, zinnias, bringing cactus flowers to mind. Mixed in. single, double and 14–30 days. colors, 30-54 in. plants bloom over a long semi-double blooms Direct sow in season. #01184 Pkt (0.5 g, ~65 seeds) $2.75; in mixed colors on spring or fall or #01184C (7 g) $6.75 48 in. tall plants. transplant after Tolerant to alternaria Peruviana Red OG S danger of frost. ® 6 (Z. peruviana) and mildew. Space 12–15 [Pre-1700. Introduced A wonderful cut in. apart. Ht. flower for bouquets. 1992 by SESE.] Flowers of 12–18 in. uncluttered simplicity and Popular variety. antique elegance. Single #01126 Pkt (1 g, State Fair Mix Sweet William ~125 seeds) $2.50 OG S ® 6 blooms, 1½ in. diameter, A sweet-scented are bronze-red, changing to Back! Zahara Star- antique-red, then fading to light Rose ® perennial Sweet William OG S usually treated pastels of red. Appropriate (Zinnia marylandica) for historical gardens, mass as an annual. Peruviana Red 15 in. plants, 1½-2½ Brilliant little flowers are tinged with pink, plantings, rockeries, or nat- in. white blossoms red, purple, or violet. Prefers a moist but well- ural settings. Ht. 18–24 in. with faint pink around drained soil in full sun (partial shade in the #01124 Pkt (0.5 g, ~70 seeds) $2.75 many of the centers. South). Used as a spring bulb cover and as a Resistant to heat, long lasting cut flower. Reseeds easily. disease, and drought. #01166 Pkt (0.07 g, ~67 seeds) $2.75 #01193 Pkt (0.2 g, Zahara Starlight Rose ~120 seeds) $2.75

Tithonia Tithonia rotundifolia (Mexican Sunflower) Annual. Germination: 68–86°F, 8 days. Full sun. Direct sow or sow indoors 3–4 weeks before transplanting after the last frost. Space 24 in. apart. 58-62 days. Ht. 5 ft. Do not over-fertilize; plants may grow to 6–8 ft. Red Torch Red Torch OG S ® 6 58 days. [1951, AAS winner.] A member of the pollinators on fennel sunflower family. Flowers are 31 in. orange discs surrounded by orange-red Wild Garden Perennial Insectary petals. Highly branched. Attracts but- OG S ® The backbones of a spring through terflies. Spectacular in mass plantings. fall oasis for your resident beneficial insects. A #01122 Pkt (0.5 g, ~38 seeds) $2.75; complement of self-sowing annuals, biennials, #01122C (7 g) $7.25 and perennials provide food, shelter, and pollen. Yellow Torch OG S ® 62 days. A col- Broadcast or sow in rows 14 in. apart, thinning or breakthrough, the first yellow-flower to a final spacing of 12 in. Manage plants by Tithonia. Flowers are 3 in. orange discs weeding and thinning volunteers each spring. surrounded by yellow petals. The leaves are edible. Includes fennel, Korean #01123 Pkt (0.4 g, ~43 seeds) $2.75 mint, garden sorrel, chervil, parsley, chicory, cress, turnip, mustard, calendula, amaranth, and Yellow Torch orach. #92010 Pkt (7 g) $7.25

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Flowers 71 Sunflowers Helianthus annuus Culture: Annual/70oF/LD/14 days/sun/direct sow in May or June/space 12–18 in. apart. Taller varieties may need staking. Early in the growth stage, place a pole at the base of the stalk. As the stem grows, use twine or soft ties to secure it to the stake every 6 ft. or so. History: Some archaeol- ogists believe that Native Americans may have cultivated sunflowers as early as 3000 B.C. Uses: You can leave any remaining seed-heads in the garden for fall and winter visitors. Or you can cut and dry the seed-heads indoors. Throughout the winter months, tie dried heads to fences or to your deck or suspend in trees to feed birds. Confectionery Sunflowers Dwarf Sunflowers

Beach

Beach Sunflower OG S ® (Cucumber-Leaf) (H. debilis cucumerifolius) 56 days. Attrac- tive wild sunflower native to the Gulf Coast. Multi-branching plants grow to 6 ft., with dozens of 2–4 in. yellow flowers on long stems. Leaves are similar to cucumbers’ – a lighter Short Stuff green and more ragged. Drought tolerant and vigorous, keeps blooming for up to 3 months. Mammoth Longest bloomer in our 2013 sunflower trials. Short Stuff OG S ® 54 days. [Selected by Merlyn and Mary Ann Niedens of Illinois.] Birds love the small seeds, choosing them over other sunflowers. #05315 Pkt (1 g, ~190 seeds) Mammoth ® OG 71 days. Stalks average 9 ft. Beautiful 5–7 in. golden yellow flowers borne $2.75; #05315C (7 g) $7.50 tall and may reach a height of 10 ft. or more. on 30 in. plants, perfect for borders and growing Heads average 11 in. across, with some reaching seed to feed the birds in winter. Rogue out the 14 in. or more when plants are well grown. Gray occasional tall plant to keep your border neat. A and black seeds. Space 18 in. apart. #05106 Pkt great alternative to PVP varieties. #05314 Pkt (7 g, ~70 seeds) $2.50; #05106E (28 g) $5.75 (2 g, ~40 seeds) $2.75; #05314D (14 g) $7.50 Sunspot ® 65 days. 4–4½ ft. Oil Seed Sunflowers high dwarf sunflower. Produces a Peredovik OG S ® 55 days. Commercial Rus- single large flower head 8–12 in. sian cultivar used for making sunflower oil; also in diameter. Yellow flowers with used as a source of sunflower seed in bird seed golden brown centers. Can be mixes. 4–5 ft. stalks, mostly poly-headed. 4–11 grown as an ornamental or used in. blooms. Elongated black seeds. Great for for edible seed or bird food. Great feeding wild birds. #05201 Pkt (4 g, ~76 seeds) for children. #05312 Pkt (4 g, Sunspot $2.75; #05201D (14 g) $7.50 ~60 seeds) $2.50 Teddy Bear ® 59 days. Evening Sun An attractive double-flow- ered ornamental with 3–5 Evening Sun OG ® 53 days. Shades of autumn in. yellow to light orange colors ranging from red, mahogany-red, bur- blooms on compact 3 ft. gundy, russet-bronze, vivid gold, all in bicolor plants. Excellent for cut blends. 3–5 in. flowers. Plants grow 6–8 ft. tall flowers. #05306 Pkt (4 g, with a number of secondary blooms. ~225 seeds) $2.50 Teddy Bear #05309 Pkt (2 g, ~50 seeds) $2.50; #05309D (14 g) $7.25 Ornamental Sunflowers We chose the sunflower for our logo because it sym- bolizes for us the unity of beauty and utility, and Hopi Dye serves as a reminder of the boundless source of life’s energy and creation. We offer sunflowers for both Dye Seed Sunflowers the body and the spirit. Hopi Dye OG S 662 days, 95 days for seed. Autumn Beauty ® 70 Purple-black seeds are used by the Hopis as days. 3–5 in. flowers a natural dye source, especially for coloring in light fall colors. baskets. Seeds may also be used for food or feed, The poly-headed 5–7 Inca Jewels and this is the best variety for dehulling. 7–11 ft. stalks may require ft. stalks with 5–13 in. heads, mostly poly-head- staking once the seed Inca Jewels OG S ® 60 days. An early ed. Yellow rays surround attractive purple-green heads have formed. blooming ornamental mixture of 5 or centers. Adapted to cool, high desert areas, but Excellent tall screen, more floral types ranging from soft yellow can be grown elsewhere. If grown for seed, plan cut flower, and food to bright yellow, some flowers with halos to mature seed in driest part of the growing source for self-feeding ranging from maroon to red-brown to season. Mounding soil around the base of stalks small birds. #05301 copper. Secondary and tertiary flowers are helps keep plants upright. #05401 Pkt (3 g, Pkt (4 g, ~120 seeds) borne on 7-ft. sturdy stalks. Flowers are 5/12 ~45 seeds) $2.95; #05401D (14 g) $8.50 $2.50; #05301E (28 Autumn Beauty in. across with large burnt-orange discs. g) $5.75 An excellent cut flower or showy hedge. #05303 Pkt (2 g, ~120 seeds) $2.75 72 Sunflowers www.SouthernExposure.com Everlasting Flowers Drying flowers for year-round blooms. Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth) StrawflowerHelichrysum bracteatum Gomphrena globosa Annual. Germination: 60°F, light required, 10 Annual. Germination: 70°F, darkness required, days. Full sun. Sow indoors in March, transplant 20 days. Sow indoors in March, transplant in after frost. Space 9–12 in. apart. Harvest flowers May. Space 9–12 in. apart. when blooms are 2/3 open. The flowers keep for months, great for indoor color after fall frosts. Selma Suns

Selma Suns OG S ® 61 days. 7–8 ft. sturdy plants support between 6–30 heads with many striking earth tone colors including red, orange, brown, green, and yellow. Many multi-color flowers. Heads range from 3–6 in. and store well as cut flowers. #05313 Pkt (2 g, ~56 seeds) Globe Amaranth $2.75; #05313D (14 g) $8.50 ® Seneca OG S ® 6 56 Globe Amaranth Mixed Colors Mixture of colors includes purple, red, pink, days. [Native American Strawflower Tall Mix heirloom. Thanks to Tony and white clover-like flowers. Drought West for our seedstock.] tolerant. Ht. 30 in. Clean seed. Strawflower Tall Mix ® 6-10 in. yellow flowers, #01602 Pkt (0.15 g, ~29 seeds) $3.25 Standard tall usually one large flower strawflower with mixed colors: yellow, bronze, crimson, white, and shades of rose. with many smaller flowers. Jewels of Opar See Greens, p. 23 #01608 Pkt (0.2 g, ~280 seeds) $2.75 7-9 ft. tall plants. Mix Seneca of grey, white, and black Job’s Tears Ornamental Wheat Triticum sp. seeds. #05317 Pkt (3 g, ~55 seeds) $2.95 Coix lacryma-jobi An excellent addition to dried flower arrange- Silverleaf Sunflower OG ments. All require full sun for good color ® 6 H. argophyllus Annual. Germina- S ( ) tion: 70 degrees, development. Plant in the spring as soon as soil 54 days. Very unusual – 21 days. Scarify to can be worked. Matures in mid-to-late summer. silvery green, soft, fuzzy speed germination. Space 12 in. apart. leaves like Lamb’s-ear! Full sun. Direct 6-15 ft. plants have many sow or transplant branches. 2-4 in. bright Silverleaf after last frost. yellow flowers with Space 2-3 ft. apart. Job’s Tears 3/4-1½ in. centers. Highly attractive to pollinators and birds, blooms until Job’s Tears OG S ® 6 110 days. 1/4 in. x 3/8 in. frost. Rare species native to the Gulf Coast and tear-shaped seeds in an attractive mix of mottled southern Texas. Crosses with common sun- patterns dominated by shades of gray, with some flowers. If planted early, the plants can get up black and white. Seeds are easily threaded and to 15 ft. tall, with the stalks bending to keep frequently used in rosaries and other beaded their balance. Late in the season tall plants may accessories. Seeds borne in clusters on mostly shed their lower leaves, so some gardeners pair 3 ft. tall grass plants; some plants reach about these with another plant like zinnias in front to 5 ft. tall. Hard pseudocarps make this variety Black Eagle preserve the modesty of the lower bare stems. unsuitable for culinary use. Cannot ship to HI. #05701 Pkt (1 g, ~110 seeds) $2.75 #01622 Pkt (4 g, ~19 seeds) $3.25 Black Eagle OG S [24–36 in.] Mostly black, Taiyo OG ® 6 68 days. ornamental hard red spring wheat with black [Japanese heirloom; in Jap- Nigella (Love-in-a-Mist) awns and black/white glumes. anese, “taiyo” means “sun.”] Nigella damascena #01611 Pkt (7 g, ~175 seeds) $2.75 3-6 in. golden-yellow Annual. Germination: 60°F, 21 days. heads on 6 ft. plants, long Full sun. Direct sow after frost since it blooming period. #05316 does not transplant easily. Space 9 in. Pkt (4 g, ~99 seeds) $2.50 Taiyo apart. 75 days. Self sows readily.

Nigella Love-in-a-Mist Mixed Colors OG S ® 6 An old-fashioned flower from southern Europe some- times called Fennel Flower because of its nutmeg-flavored seeds. Mixed flow- ers in shades of blue, pink, white, and purple, averaging 11 in. in diameter. #01605 Pkt (0.2 g, ~77 seeds) $2.75; Nigella Velvet Queen #01605C (7 g) $6.50 Love-in-a-Mist

Velvet Queen ® 55 days. 4–6 in. flowers in Our flower selection emphasizes open-pollinated traditional favorites. Many gold, brown, cream, orange, and muted reds and people have told us that they enjoy the single-flowered old fashioned types because of their elegant violets. Well-branched, sturdy, poly-headed 6–7 simplicity and beauty, and others have commented that the fragrance has been bred out of many ft. plants. Use for cut flowers and tall borders. modern varieties. Our Seed Shares exchange policy (pg. 85) also applies to family heirloom #05311 Pkt (4 g, ~140 seeds) $2.50; flowers. With your help we all may be able to enjoy the fragrance #05311E (28 g) $5.75 and simplicity of old-fashioned flowers in modern gardens. Sunflowers, ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Everlasting Flowers 73 2 Grains & Cover Crops 2 Legume Cover Crops Legume cover crops belong to the Fabaceae Grain Amaranth Amaranthus spp. Buckwheat (Leguminosae) plant family, commonly called the pea or bean family. They all share a common trait: Amaranth has been grown as a staple crop for at Fagopyron esculentum they form symbiotic relationships in their roots with least 8,000 years in Central American cultures. nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in plain old garden Amaranth has many valuable qualities: (1) Buckwheat OG ® soil. Plant these cover crops to create an astounding high content of lysine-rich protein, (2) high 30–45 days as a underground community that pulls nitrogen out of mineral and vitamin content, and (3) ability to green manure crop, the air! Most of the nitrogen winds up in the plants grow at high temperatures when many other 80 days for grain. themselves, not the soil, so for the most benefit, till crops become unproductive. Pest Control: Tr y Wait until grain these crops under when they’re still live and green... using amaranth as a trap crop or decoy crop for heads form if you before they die back and release all that nourishing cucumber beetles, which are highly attracted to want the crop to nitrogen back into the atomosphere! amaranth. This strategy may reduce the number re-seed. May be used of beetles on cucurbits planted nearby. Culture: as a nutritious cereal see p. 81. Two weeks after last frost, sow seed 1/4–3/8 in. grain or pancake Buckwheat Legume Inoculant deep, 1 in. apart in rows 2–3 ft. apart. Keep flour. Young leaves Clover Trifolium spp. moist until seed has germinated. Thin to 4–10 may be added to salads. The deep root system in. apart. Established they withstand dry soil. of buckwheat is good at mining subsurface Crimson Clover Too much nitrogen causes plants to lodge. minerals and it is an excellent crop for utilizing OG ® (Trifoli- Amaranth is a nitrate accumulator, so avoid the nutrients in rock powder fertilizers. Sow um incarnatum) any synthetic nitrogen. Plant height is very any time between last spring frost and 1 month (annual) Upright dependent on soil fertility and moisture content. prior to first fall frost. A great quick summer winter annual Seed Harvest: Seed heads mature unevenly. crop – fast-growing plants choke out weeds, bees resembles red Some early seed may be collected by “massag- love the white flowers that appear in 4–5 weeks, clover in size and ing” the seed heads above a bucket. To harvest and the tender stems are easy to cut down when growth, but with later maturing seed wait until after frost to cut the crop’s done. For a fall/winter cover crop we longer, bright the seed heads. Thresh the seed heads (while recommend sowing buckwheat together with crimson blooms. wearing a dust mask), screen out the chaff, and crimson clover. The buckwheat acts as a nurse Widely used in Crimson Clover winnow the seed. Freshly harvested seed may crop for the crimson clover during the heat of Mid-Atlantic areas have a high moisture content. Spread the seed in the day. In the fall, the buckwheat is killed by where winter lows thin layers until it has fully cured. Preparation: frost. 1 lb sows 400 sq. ft. #73101 Pkt (1 lb) stay above 10°F. Sow from mid-July through Grind grain in a flour mill, sprout it, pop it like $6.75; #73101A (4 lbs) $15.75 mid-September. 1/4 lb. sows 450 sq. ft. popcorn, or use it in hot cereal. Seed Savers: #73204 Pkt (¼ lb) $4.95 Amaranth is primarily self-pollinated. Separate Packet: Grinding Corn Pgs. 14–16. Red Clover OG varieties by at least 150 ft. for pure seed. ® Trifolium 2 g (about 1700 seeds) sows 65–130 ft. ( pratense) (biennial) Ragi Millet Rapid-growing Culture: Direct seed or transplant (transplants green manure crop well) after soil has warmed after last frost, to 10–18 in. The spacing 4–6 in. apart, and harvest the dried seed flowers can be heads as they mature. harvested for tea. Sow in the spring or Red Clover Dragon’s Claw OG S ® fall for turndown to 6 (Eleusine coracana) 95 incorporate organic days. A highly productive, nitrogen into the soil. Sow in the aisles between Mayo Indian & drought-tolerant variety taller crops to deter weeds. Buckwheat may Golden Amaranth that is very ornamental, es- be used as a nurse crop to aide germination of pecially as a border. Annual clover in summer heat. The clover will grow Golden Amaranth ® 6 S (A. hypochon- plants, 3 ft. high, produce slowly under the buckwheat until fall frost kills driacus) 80 days. A high-quality Aztec grain seed heads that resembles the buckwheat and allows the clover to establish amaranth. Stalks and leaves are golden yellow the claws of a dragon’s quickly. This method eliminates fall tilling. Seed with bronze-gold seed heads. Stalks average 6 ft. foot. A staple food in India coated with Apex Green Hydroloc, an organi- Can be used as a dry land/irrigated amaranth. and Africa, with good cally-approved blend of minerals and beneficial In the far north long days may delay flowering. Dragon’s Claw bacteria. 1/4 lb sows 500 sq. ft. #72101 Pkt (~2,700 seeds) $2.75 flavor, though the seeds are difficult to separate from #73201 Pkt (¼ lb) $3.95 ayo ndian ® 6 chaff. #72651 Pkt (2 g, ~1050 seeds) $2.75 M I OG S (A. cruentus) 90 days. White Dutch Clover [From Sonora, Mexico.] Very vigorous variety ® (Trifolium repens) with sturdy stalks. Can reach 7-8 ft. tall in good Pearl Millet (perennial) A conditions. Primarily used for grain or to make Pennisetum glaucum low-growing pinole and atole. The leaves may also be used (4–8 in.) like spinach. Black seeds. The stalks, leaf veins, Pearl Millet ® Excellent warm-sea- son cover crop grass – drought-tolerant, clover some- and large seed heads are a beautiful maroon red, times used a bright contrast to the green foliage. Makes handles poor and acidic soils. At 3-6 ft. tall, it won’t get as big and unwieldy as in grass seed White Dutch a nice ornamental as well. mixtures. Clover #72103 Pkt (2 g) $2.95 sorghum-sudangrass! Sow after last frost – usually 2-4 weeks after – wait for soil Can be sown Plainsman S ® (A. hypochon- to warm to at least 65°F. If you don’t between garden rows or used as a driacus x hybridus) [1991, U. want volunteers the next year, mow in living mulch to add nitrogen and of Nebraska.] Widely-adapted, late summer/early fall before the seed to smother out weeds. Sow in late early, high-yielding variety. heads fully mature. ½ lb sows 700-2100 winter, spring, late summer, or Golden seed, maroon flowers, sq. ft. #73213 Pkt (½ lb) $4.25 Pearl Millet fall. 1/4 lb sows 1000 sq. ft. 5-6 ft. tall plants. #73202 Pkt (¼ lb) $4.25 #72104 Pkt $2.75 74 Plainsman Amaranth Grains & Cover Crops www.SouthernExposure.com Austrian Winter Peas OG ® (Pisum sativum Oats Avena nuda Rice Oryza sativa subsp. arvense) (annual) Oats, Hulless OG Culture: Rice needs nitrogen-rich soil. Rice does Sow Aug. 15-Nov. 1 as ® Growing your not need to be flooded – flooding is traditionally a winter cover crop in own oats is easy with used for weed control – but plants will need an zones 6 and up. Hardy Hulless Oats. Sow in inch of rain or irrigation per week. Direct seed to 0°F. A great edible early spring as soon or transplant healthy seedlings, rows 9–12 in. cover crop – snip as the ground can be apart, 6 in. in rows. Keep well-weeded – don’t off the tendrils and let grass weeds become mixed up in your rice! worked. Harvest in Hulless Oats growing tips for salads! mid- to late summer, Harvest: Finches and other birds love rice, so Flowers earlier (April) thresh, and win- use bird netting to protect the mature seedheads. than hairy vetch. For now. Hulless Oats lack the indigestible husk of Harvest when seeds are brown, gently pulling maximum nitrogen Austrian Winter Peas common oats; they do have a hull, but it’s easily mature seeds off the stalks, harvesting several fixing, wait until at threshed off. Grind into oat flour or crack in a times over a period of a few days. For eating, rice least 50% of the plants have flowered before grain mill to make oatmeal. Oatstraw, the green needs to be de-hulled, which requires specialized mowing crop. Sow at rate of 1-11 lb per 500 leafy stems, can be harvested for tea. For a win- machinery, such as Grain Maker’s Homestead sq. ft. Best sown with annual rye in a ratio of 1 ter cover crop, sow in late summer; in cold areas, Huller. lb peas to 4 lbs rye. #73205 Pkt (½ lb) $3.50 oats will get winter-killed when temperatures Carolina Gold Hairy Vetch drop below 10°F, and the crop residue is then ® 6 easy to work under for planting early spring S 150 OG ® (Vicia days. [1685 or villosa) (annu- crops like peas and potatoes. ½ lb sows 175–250 sq. ft. #72552 Pkt (½ lb) $4.25 earlier. The main al) Sow Aug. rice grown in Car- 1–Nov. 1 as a olina wetlands for winter cover Radish Raphanus sativus hundreds of years. crop. Grows Seedstock from An- Deep Till Radish slowly in fall, ® son Mills.] Golden then rapidly in OG Cover crop Carolina Gold radishes have long grain rice. spring, putting Slow Food USA, out beautiful gained much traction in recent in the Ark of Taste listing, praises its “stunning purple flowers subtle green tea, nutty almond and floral aromas that bees love. years, especially in no-till systems, and flavors. Carolina Gold brown rice tastes Highly effi- Hairy Vetch almost like barley with a nutty taste and a little cient nitrogen because of how well they break bit of a sweet finish. It has a beautiful chewy fixer; for maximum nitrogen fixing, wait until texture.” #72555 Pkt (7 g, ~230 seeds) $3.50 at least 50% of the plants have flowered before up compacted soil. Winter kills Charleston Gold ® mowing crop. Mow it in the spring after flower- Deep Till Radish S [Seedstock thanks to the ing starts and transplant tomatoes or other large them where temps Carolina Rice Foundation.] A modern refine- plants directly into the vetch, or till under. Sow regularly get below ment of the classic Carolina Gold, keeping its at rate of 1 lb per 500 sq. ft. Best sown with 20°F. Residue decomposes quickly and releases great flavor, color, and texture, but with the annual rye in a ratio of 1 lb vetch to 4 lbs rye. its nitrogen early. Channels created by radish bonuses of longer and more fragrant grains, as #73203 Pkt (½ lb) $4.95 roots improve infiltration, drainage, soil warm- well as shorter stalks to make the plants more ing, and growth of the next crop’s root systems. storm-hardy. #72557 Pkt (7 g) $3.50 Hardee – See Southern Peas (p. 37) Other advantages of cover crop radishes include Iron & Clay – See Southern Peas (p. 37). rapid fall growth, weed suppression, high biomass, excellent scavenging of nutrients, and suppression of root knot nematodes. Generally good eating quality, but expect more variability than with radish varieties selected for food. Sow with caution if there are harlequin bugs in your area; one strategy for fighting harlequin bugs is to ensure that at some time of year there are no crops in the radish family for the bugs to feed on. Sow ~late July–mid-Sept. Sow alone at 1/4 lb per 1,000 square feet, or mix with other cover crops. #73243 Pkt (1 lb) $4.95

Sunn Hemp Wheat Triticum aestivum M-101 Wheat, Hard M-101 ® Sunn Hemp ® (Crotalaria juncea) [Native to Winter, Nu East S 120 days. [Cooperatively introduced 1979 primarily by the CA Cooperative Rice South Asia.] Summer cover crop can grow to 6 ft. OG S ® [2009, within 60 days. Fixes lots of nitrogen, suppresses ARS/USDA.] Research Foundation and the USDA.] Can be nematodes, thrives in heat, tolerates drought, A great new wheat grown as a paddy rice or as an upland (dry rice). pulls nutrients from deep in the subsoil, and dies variety bred for the A California-type, 3 ft. tall, medium grain, with with frost. Day-length-sensitive plants produce Southeast, a favor- smooth hulls and leaves, and moderate awns. lots of attractive bright yellow flowers late in the ite for many bak- Plants are very vigorous, resist lodging, and have season but won’t mature seed above 28°N latitude eries. High yields, excellent cold tolerance in the seedling (i.e., only makes seed in s. Florida and the s. tip very good wheat and reproductive stage. Needs more nitrogen of Texas). Best planted in rows 2-3 feet apart. rust resistance. than heirloom varieties. Grows from In warm areas, mow when plants reach 5-8 ft. ½ lb. sows 125- Nu East Albany, NY, south to FL. to keep stems from becoming too massive and 250 sq. ft. as cover #72551 Pkt (7 g, ~320 seeds) $3.50 fibrous. 1/4 lb sows 250 sq ft. Traditionally used crop or 250 sq. ft. as grain crop. for soil improvement and fiber. #72802 Pkt (½ lb) $3.50; #73221 Pkt (¼ lb) $4.95 #72802A (4 lbs) $15.75 Grains & Cover Crops continue on the ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic next page. 75 Grains & Cover Crops Continued Sorghum & Broom Corn Sorghum bicolor Classification and Historical Notes: Secale cereale Sorghum originated in Africa, where it has been cultivated Winter Rye since 2,200 B.C. Though sorghum may have been grown in the U.S. as early as 1700, the first Winter Rye, recorded introduction was by William R. Prince of Flushing, NY in 1853. By 1859 it was grown in Common OG 32 states. There are four main classes of sorghum and many cultivars: (1) cane sorghum with sweet ® Rye cover stalks used for making syrup, (2) grain sorghum used for feed or for making flour or cereal, (3) crop is great broom corns, and (4) grass sorghum used for pasturing. Sorghum has excellent resistance to drought for controlling due to its extensive root system. It is a valuable crop in dry areas since it will produce grain where erosion, adding corn may fail. Culture: Sorghum is planted in the same fashion as corn, with similar spacing. (See organic matter, corn section.) Sow seeds ½–3/4 in. deep. Seed Harvest: Seed is mature for harvest when the seed stalk enhancing soil has started to dry. Cut the stalk, allow to dry further under cover, strip the seeds by hand, and win- life, and sup- now to clean. Grain sorghum can be used like flour corn. It is especially good for making pancake pressing weeds. flour. Syrup Harvest: In the fall, strip the leaves, and after cutting the cane into convenient lengths, Its extensive crush the cane and press out the juice into a pot. Cook to reduce the liquid until it reaches the root system Winter Rye consistency of maple syrup. The sweet canes of cane sorghum can be peeled and chewed like candy – makes it among we like to plant a small patch for snacking. Seed Savers: Isolate ½ mile from other sorghum, broom the best green manures for improving soil struc- corn, grass and sudan grass. Packet: 7 g (about 350 seeds) sows 50 ft. ture. It is an excellent soil renovator and pioneer crop for new fields. Rye is very good at releasing Sweet Sorghum: Production & Processing Dale OG S ® 120 phosphorus and potassium. It also stabilizes [George Kuepper.] A simple guide to small-scale, days. [1970 USDA/ADS excess soil and manure nitrogen. Rye and vetch ecological production of pure sorghum syrup. & MAESS.] Sturdy 12 together are one of the preferred cover crops Chapters on harvesting, milling, juicing, cooking, ft. stalks with excellent for no-till tomato planting. Rye is also good for packaging, labeling, pricing, and more. Includes disease resistance, well animal grazing; it’s highly palatable and of good sources of supplies and equipment. Softcover, adapted throughout nutritional quality, and regrows after grazing. 2020 edition. 122 pp. #91134 $18.00 the Southeast. Syrup Dale Rapid establishment and growth together with has mild flavor with germination suppression make rye an excellent good color; small, red- choice preceeding organic transplants. Sow Aug. dish-brown seed also good for grits and pancake 1–Nov. 15 as a winter cover crop. ½ lb sows flour. Missouri’s Sandhill Farm uses this variety 85–125 sq. ft. Plant at 4–6 lbs per 1000 sq. for their fine sorghum syrup. #72609 Pkt $2.50 ft., or 60–112 lbs per acre. #72702 Pkt (½ lb) $2.95; #72702A (4 lbs) $14.75

Sesame Sesamum indicum Culture: Vigorous, heat-loving plants. Direct seed or transplant after last danger of frost. Space plants at 8-24 in. May benefit from staking. Harvest either by cutting stalks when there are Black Amber Cane more brown pods than green and standing them upright to dry, or by cutting dried stalks with Black Amber Cane OG S ® 6 99 days. open pods. Turn dried stalks upside down over a [Heirloom sent to us from R.C. Mauldin of the tarp or cloth, shake seeds out, and winnow. Southwestern Seed Service Lab in Waco, TX. Reintroduced by SESE 1997.] One of the earliest Hungarian Black-Seeded Benne Sesame OG S ® 6 160 days. sweet canes introduced to American agriculture. [Thanks to David Not as sweet as other syrup sorghums. As a si- Hungarian Black-Seeded Broom Corn OG S Shields for seedstock.] lage crop it has the hay and wild game quality of ® 6 105 days. Heirloom broom corn tradi- An old-fashioned ‘Merit.’ A good intercrop with beans and peas. tionally used for making brooms. Grows 8–10 sesame, common 8–9 ft. stalks, loose heads of shiny black seeds ft. tall, producing long seedheads heavily laden in 19th century are grown by many folks for their chickens.. with shiny black seeds. An important historical Southern cooking, #72606 Pkt $2.75; #72606F (1/4 lb) $11.50 variety. #72602 Pkt $2.75 traditionally pro- Coral S ® 6 [From the Shilluk, or Chollo, Iowa Sweet 6 S 110 days. [Sand Hill cessed into flour and people of Malakal, South Sudan, via the USDA Preservation Center.] A very sweet sugar oil. Richly flavored and the Experimental Farm Network.] Multi-use cane type, about 9 ft. tall with juicy stalks. brown seeds with and high-yielding. Huge stalks, 1½ in. wide #72610 Pkt $2.50 lower oil content and 9-12 ft. tall. Sometimes tillers to produce than modern multiple stalks per plant. Sweet stalks are good sesames. 7-ft. plants. Benne Sesame for syrup or chewing. Immature sorghum #72622 Pkt (1.5 g) seeds are a traditional food both in Sudan $2.75 and in South India; this variety is ready when Monticello White the highest seeds have just begun to turn purple. We found them tasty but still haven’t Sesame OG S ® 6 150 days. [Thomas managed to thresh them efficiently. Mature Jefferson was an enthu- seeds can be ground into flour, cooked whole, siastic sesame grower. or popped like popcorn, making for an im- Thanks to Monticello pressive range of foods from one variety. 30% for our seedstock.] 6-ft. of proceeds from this rare variety will go to plants. Tan seeds with the Experimental Farm Network and their medium oil content. seed grower, to support their work to pre- serve and return varieties from communi- #72601 Pkt (1.5 g, Monticello White ~450 seeds) $2.75 ties endangered by war. #72616 Pkt $2.75 Sesame Coral Iowa Sweet 76 Grains & Cover Crops www.SouthernExposure.com 2 Books & DVDs 2

Grow Great Vegetables: gardening guides written specifically for your state! by Ira Wallace of Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Five new Southeastern state-specific gardening books by Southern Exposure’s own gardening expert Ira Mennonite Wallace. Ira takes the regional info you all expect from her and makes it Mennonite S ® 6 105 days. [Mennonite specific for each of 5 states. Learn what heirloom from Jamesport, MO area.] This old to plant, when to plant and harvest for fashioned cane sorghum is used to make the best results in the regions of each light-colored syrup for pancakes or waffles. 7–9 state from monthly planting guides. ft. tall stalks. The red-hulled seed may be ground Each book provides the info you need to make flour, especially for pancakes. to succeed in growing vegetables, herbs #72604 Pkt $2.50; #72604F (1/4 lb) $10.50 and fruits in your state. Covers building fertile soil, mulch, crop rotation, climatic zones, first and last frosts, best varieties and other tips for an abundant harvest year-round in your garden.

Grow Great Vegetables in Virginia softcover pp 248, #91201 $19.95 Grow Great Vegetables in North Carolina Softcover pp 244, Rainbow Broomcorn #91198 $19.95 Grow Great Vegetables in South Carolina Rainbow Broomcorn OG S ® 6 110 days. Softcover pp 244, #91199 $19.95 Gorgeous ornamental. 7–8 ft. tall mix of colorful sprays of red-bronze, brown, black, and Grow Great Vegetables in Georgia burgundy, plus natural straw color. softcover pp 244, #91197 $19.95 #72615 Pkt $2.75 Grow Great Vegetables in Tennessee #91200 $19.95 Red Broomseed Corn softcover pp 244, OG S ® 6 100 days. Traditionally used for making hearth brooms, also great for dried New Growing Guides for 2021 arrangements. Large, splayed seedheads form at the top of 7–9 ft. New! Grow or Die: The tall stalks. Important Good Guide to Survival historical variety. Red Broomseed Gardening [David the #72605 Pkt $2.75 Good] This is an eccentric, informative, and very entertaining little book for beginner gardeners—or more experienced growers who want a different perspective. David the Good is a popular blogger and author who writes about “survival gardening” in times when store-bought food, electricity, fuel, and other ‘essentials’ are not available. He is clearly an experienced gardener New! Lazy-Ass Gardening: Maximize Your Soil, Minimize Your Toil [Robert Kourik] Get the practical Sugar Drip who loves to experiment and learn, and writes with wisdom of Robert Kourik’s 40+ years of gardening an irreverent, jokey style. and landscaping in California. (Most of his advice Sugar Drip ® 6 OG S 102 days. One of the Softcover, 199 pp. transplants well to other climates!) Kourik is an earliest-maturing varieties for the South, and #91204 $12.00 enthusiastic gardener who likes doing smart things that one of the most widely grown varieties in the save him work so that he has the time to sit out in his southern mountains. Grows 6–8 ft. tall; suscep- garden and enjoy it. Great advice for watering, tools, tible to lodging if not harvested early. Used for soil, pruning, veggies, fruit, and landscaping. Fun and early production of very good quality syrup. engaging. Softcover, 241 pp. #91203 $24.95 #72608 Pkt $2.75; #72608F (1/4 lb) $11.50 Grains & Cover ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Crops, Books 77 Pam Dawling, Twin Oaks Growing Guides & Companions Community Farm Building And Using Gardening When It Counts – Growing Food Our neighbor and Growing for Market con- Cold Frames [Charles In Hard Times [Steve Solomon.] Here’s the tributing editor Pam Dawling offers these Siegchrist.] This handy scoop on traditional techniques that produce excellent, informative, and highly detailed booklet gives easy-to-follow the most food in hard times, without a lot of gardening guides. Highly recommended. instructions for the using mulch, compost and water. Current popular Sustainable Mar- and constructing of cold intensive vegetable garden styles require a lot of ket Farming [Pam frames. Softcover, 32 pp. water, fertility and organic matter. This book #91103 $3.95 Dawling.] A practical shows you how to reduce your garden “inputs” guide for farmers and make your personal food supply more truly or serious gardeners sustainable. Feed yourself and your family with raising a variety of less money, less fossil fuel, and less high main- ollards outh crops on a few acres. C : A S - tenance equipment. Applicable to most areas ern radition Pam is a contributing T except tropics and hot deserts. Softcover, 360 from eed to able editor to Growing for S T pp. #91105 $21.95 [Edward H. Davis Market magazine. She & John T. Morgan] Grow Your Soil! provides a wealth of Collards are an icon Harness the Power how-to growing de- of southern food of the Soil Food tails, time-saving field and an underrated Web to Create Your techniques, and extensive info on variety selec- nutritional power- Best Garden Ever tions with a welcome Southeastern flavor from house that has long [Diane Miessler] Prac- her years of experience providing year-round sustained southern- tical, science-based vegetables for 100 people at Twin Oaks Com- ers both black and descriptions of soil munity in central Virginia. Chapters on cover white. This book structure and the soil crops, cultivation, individual vegetables, crop by two respected food web. Includes rotation, succession planting and more offer geographers traces the path of collards, exploring instructions on how time and money-saving insights for experienced origins, sharing collard history, and preserving to make compost, growers as well as beginning farmers. Pam’s early the stories of dozens of aging stewards of heir- compost tea, and years as a gardener in England provide insights loom landrace varieties. These stories and the biochar, as well as that make this volume an excellent resource for seeds donated by Davis and Morgan inspired how to increase soil serious growers in any climate zone. Softcover, the “Heirloom Collard Project” to preserve biodiversity and address nutrient deficien- 400 pp. #91174 $34.95 this living history of the South. To learn why cies. Diane’s humor and simple language will The Year-Round collards matter read this book! Hardcover, 291 help you remember the lessons! Diane lives in Hoophouse: pp. #91191 $34.95 Nevada County, California, which gets about Polytunnels for 46 inches of rain per year - just a little more pic omatoes ow All Seasons and E T : H than our home in Virginia. Softcover, 176 pp. to elect and row All Climates S G #91202 $16.95 [Pam the Best Varieties Dawling] Another of All Time [Craig The Market Gar- must-have book from Lehoullier.] Craig intro- dener: A Successful SESE neighbor and duced Cherokee Purple Grower’s Hand- author of Sustainable to SESE and the world. book for Small- Market Farming. This He has grown thousands Scale Organic is a thorough, clear of tomato varieties, Farming [Jean-Mar- and easy-to-follow most of them in hot and tin Fortier.] Practical guide for designing humid North Carolina, information for the and building a hoophouse and making a success and here he shares his small-scale organic of growing abundant, delicious fresh produce hard-won wisdom on how to grow great tasting farmer: how to all year round, in any climate, for market or just tomatoes. A beautiful book is filled with great grow better, not bigger. The style is down-to-earth your family. Softcover 320 pp. #91194 $33.00 pictures of amazing tomatoes. Softcover, 256 pp. and so readable you want to sit down with it like #91184 $29.95 a novel. Learn how Jean-Martin and his wife The Organic Maude-Helen gross $110,000 on 1.5 acres. Any- No-Till Farm- Farming While one starting out in market farming or serious about Black: Soul Fire ing Revolution: producing their own food can benefit from reading High Produc- Farm’s Practical this book. Softcover, 224 pp. #91185 $24.95 Guide to Libera- tion Methods tion on the Land The New Seed for Small-Scale [Leah Penni- Starter’s Handbook Farmers [Andrew man] A rich and [Nancy Bubel with Jean Mefferd] There’s culturally relevant Nick] Comprehensive, many benefits how-to manual updated guide to seed to reducing soil for black and and seedling care, tillage – reducing brown farmers. indoors and out. Topics weeding, increasing Filled with uplift- include light and tem- storage of carbon ing stories of black perature requirements, and nutrients, contributions to transplanting, diag- improving water agriculture and nosing, and correcting retention, and more. But no single strategy works the ongoing work at Soul Fire Farm to build problems, requirements for every farm and for every crop. Andrew Mefferd an anti-racist and just food system. “This is the of vegetable crops, pol- profiles 17 different farms in this book, hearing most inspiring book I have read in years” – Ira lination, selection, seed what works and what doesn’t work for the different Wallace. Softcover, 368 pp. #91193 $34.95 saving, and seed storage. farms and their crops, and covers tools, supplies, Contains numerous informative tables and supply and techniques. Very readable, and very practical! sources. Readable reference for all gardeners. 2nd Softcover, 336 pp. #91196 $29.95 #91118 $19.99 78 Books ed. Softcover, 464 pp. www.SouthernExposure.com The Resilient Ira Wallace, Gardener [Carol Deppe.] Garlic A great read for inter- Southern Exposure Seed Exchange A quintessential guide for our region. Growing and Using Garlic mediate and advanced [Glen Andrews.] This Storey growers, by Oregon Vegetable Gardening in the Southeast, The Country Wisdom booklet farmer and plant breeder Timber Press Guide to [Ira Wallace.] Southern has good practical advice for Carol Deppe. Deppe Exposure’s own gardening expert Ira Wallace the first time garlic grower, offers good strategies for gives home gardeners the regionally specific in- stressing advance soil prepa- how to successfully garden formation needed to succeed in our hot, humid ration for success. Covers when health and other climate. It features a range of preservation issues limit one’s time. what to plant, techniques from braiding to She focuses on 5 main subsistence foods (corn, when to plant, making your own garlic salt, beans, squash, potatoes, and…ducks!) Great in- and when to har- including 29 recipes. Soft- formation on growing, cooking, and storing the vest, based on our cover, 32 pp. #91182 $3.95 tastiest and most nutritious varieties. Softcover, climate, weather, 323 pp. #91166 $29.95 and Ira’s decades Growing Great Garlic [Ron Engeland.] The of experience. definitive sourcebook for growing garlic organi- Southern Provisions: The cally. Written for gardeners and small farmers, it Creation & Revival of a The Southeast region includes covers everything from site preparation through Cuisine [David S. Shields] planting, fertilizing, harvesting, storing, and Shields brings 10 years of Alabama, Ar- kansas, northern marketing. Also includes chapters on the history experience researching and and evolution of garlic. Based on the author’s exploring the traditional Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Loui- experience with over 200 strains. Softcover, 226 cuisine of the coastal Caro- pp. #91111 $16.95 linas “low country” to this siana, Maryland, enthralling work. Filled Mississippi, N. Carolina, S. Carolina, Tennessee, with solid history and great Virginia, W. Virginia, and a slice of NE Texas. Native American stories about the crops and Monthly planting guides show exactly what Gardening livestock that originally you can do in the garden from January through defined the flavors of this December. The “Skill Sets” in the book go Native American Gardening [Michael J. Ca- cuisine. He introduces readers to the farmers, beyond the basics, with tutorials on seed saving, duto and Joseph Bruchac.] Stories, projects, and chefs and seeds people who are seeking to bring worm bins, and much more. This book also recipes for families. Combines Native American back flavorful ingredients like Carolina Gold includes a comprehensive gardening primer and stories and traditions with the nurturing expe- rice, Carolina African Runner peanuts, Benne an A-to-Z of edibles—a detailed guide for the rience of gardening. Learn to grow traditional sesame, and sorghum to our gardens and tables. region’s tried-and-true varieties. Softcover, 216 “Three Sisters” gardens of corn, beans, and Softcover, 481pp. #91190 $19.00 pp. #91178 $19.95 squash. Explore the relationships between peo- ple and the gardens of the Earth, seed preserva- tion, Native diets and recipes, garden crafts, and Agricultural Calendar Cookbooks & Food games. Softcover, 158 pp. #91148 $16.95 & Records Preservation Perpetual Gardening Record Book Just the Wild Fermentation: The Cindy Conner, thing for gardeners who prefer to use pen and Flavor, Nutrition, And paper to keep track of what’s happening in the Craft Of Live-Culture Homeplace Earth garden. Inspired by Thomas Jefferson’s meticu- Foods [Sandor Katz.] This Cover Crops And Compost lous garden record books and proudly made in book is a fave. Nearly 100 Crops in Your Garden Cin- Alabama using recycled materials, it includes home recipes for vegetable dy Conner takes you through growing charts, calendar pages, sketch pages, ferments (sauerkraut, kim- a year in her garden. Using and a resource page for keeping all records for chi, pickles); bean ferments hand tools she grows cover several years in one place. The large calendar (miso, dosas); dairy fer- crops amongst her vegetables pages allow one to compare one’s planting ments (yogurt); cheesemak- to keep down weeds and dates, harvest dates, and yields over many years. ing (and vegan alternatives); nourish the soil, then cuts This wonderful book works in all zones, needs sourdough and other grain down the cover crops for no batteries, chargers or wifi. Timeless garden fermentations from Cherokee, African, Japanese, mulch and compost. Features quotes and photographs make it a great gift and Russian traditions; vinegars and alcohol. many of our faves (Bloody for the gardener in your life. Softcover, 80 pp. Fascinating reading about the amazing world of Butcher corn, Mississippi Sil- #91179 $14.95 beneficial bacteria and fungi! 2nd ed. Softcover, ver crowder peas, and more!). 298 pp. #91161 $29.95. 2008. DVD, 66 min. #91301 $25.00 Stella Natura: Kimberton Hills The Whole Okra: A Grow a Sustainable Diet: Planning and Agricultural Stem to Stem Celebra- Growing to Feed Ourselves and the Earth Calendar A yearly tion [Chris Smith] British Cindy Conner brings us a must-read book for guidebook to using expatriate Chris Smith’s anyone working toward increased food self-suf- the cosmic rhythms love letter to a favorite ficiency for their family. This guide combines in working the land crop of his adopted the garden planning and cover crop information to help determine country. There’s great from her DVDs with more about growing a the best times for recipes from restaurant complete diet, food preservation, storage, and planting, pruning, chefs, and Chris gives getting it all to the table so everyone in the fami- and harvesting. an engaging account of ly is satisfied, all using the least amount of fossil Based on ages of the many uses for okra fuel. It is a tall order that Cindy handles well, farming experience (okra oil, okra coffee, using permaculture and bio-intensive gardening and observation, this guide connects astronom- okra marshmallows, okra tofu, okra vodka, methods. She ends with a chapter on “Rethink- ical events to the biological rhythms of plants. okra pickles, okra pancakes…). Okra’s history ing Everything” based on her years of helping Included are 12 articles, one for each month. is also explored (okra paper, someday your time gardeners make this change. Softcover, 240 pp. Hand-illustrated wall calendar and 40 page may come again!) and there’s an excellent share #91180 $19.95 book, 9 × 12 in. Includes space for garden notes. of growing advice as well. Softcover, 272 pp. #91195 $29.95 Current edition. #91131 $16.95 Books 79 “Made Easy”: Seed Saving Guides 2 Supplies 2 Perfect for Beginners The Organic Seed Grower [John Navazio.] Written for both serious Grow Your Own Food home Seed Savers and Handheld All-Purpose – Made Easy [C. Forrest diversified small-scale Gardening Tool McDowell, PhD & farmers who want to Tricia Clark-McDowell.] Cobrahead “Steel Fin- learn the necessary steps gernail” Weeder and This small, inexpen- involved in successfully sive treasure of a book Cultivator Made in the producing a commercial USA of knife-quality distills the basics into 68 seed crop organically. colorful, accessible, even steel, the CobraHead “An essential guide to is simply the best humorous, pages. The high-quality, organic authors have decades of all-around small tool seed production: well I’ve come across. It experience growing food grounded in fundamen- and teaching others to cuts through all types tal principles, brimming of soils. The weeds it grow food. This book is with practical techniques, thorough in cover- a step-by-step guide to can’t cut, it lifts. The age, and remarkably well organized, accessible, self-sharpening blade producing lots of nutri- and readable.” – Jeff McCormack, Southern Cobrahead tious, delicious food using everyday skills, even can be used in all direc- Exposure founder. Hardcover, 388 pp. #91176 tions. The comfortable if you have a small space. When we show this $49.95 book at workshops and festivals, people gobble handle is made from recycled plastic. The Co- it up. Softcover, 68 pp. #91162 $6.95 The Seed Garden: The braHead has a full one-year warranty against Art and Practice of manufacturer defects. If defective, return it Home Composting Made Easy [C. Forrest Seed Saving [Shanyn within the year together with your receipt, and McDowell, PhD & Tricia Clark-McDowell.] Siegel and Lee Buttala we’ll send you another or refund your money. Over a million copies of this delightful and in- (editors), Micaela (Review by Ira Wallace) #81643 $27.95 spiring book are in print. It’s used by hundreds Colley and Jared Zystro of municipalities, organizations, and businesses (authors).] Seed Savers Corn Shellers to spread the word about home composting. Exchange partnered Corn Sheller This It covers pretty much all you need to know in a with the Organic Seed simple, direct, and amusing style. Lots of practical hand-held aluminum Alliance to publish this sheller makes quick tips, how-to information, and answers to com- beautifully illustrated mon questions. Softcover, 32 pp. #91163 $5.00 work of shelling volume written both corn. for home gardeners and #85111 $11.00 farmers. An excellent Herbs & Herbal Medicine complement to Seed to Seed, focusing on more Popcorn Sheller Bush Medicine of The Bahamas: A Cross-Cul- of the main vegetable and herb families, and A smaller corn sheller tural Perspective From San Salvador Island, including new seed saving research. Guidelines for popcorn and oth- Corn Shellers Including Pharma- that break down numbers and methods for er small-eared corn. cology And Oral the home garden, commercial seed crops, and #85112 $10.00 Histories [Southern variety preservation are especially valuable. Exposure founder Jeff Softcover, 390 pp. #91187 $29.95 Row Cover / Season Extender McCormack, Kathleen Seed To Seed: Saving Maier, Patty Wallens.] Our Vegetable Heritage A comprehensive treatment of Bahamian [Suzanne Ashworth.] 2nd bush medicine, ded- edition. A thorough and icated to the preser- comprehensive book on vation and continued seed saving for both new use of this knowledge and experienced seed savers. before it is lost. Covers Covers all major and minor 120 medicinal plants, including details of vegetable crops, many herbs, administration and dosage, pharmacology, and and unusual or rare vegetable cross-cultural uses; non-botanical remedies are crops. Discusses pollination Reemay® Garden Blanket covered as well. Fascinating oral histories provide dynamics, methods of maintaining variety pu- Reemay® Garden Blanket (Row Cover) details of the healers’ practice and glimpses of rity, seed cleaning methods, seed collection and storage. An essential reference for Seed Savers. Extend your gardening season and control the culture of San Salvador Island. Includes color #91117 $24.95 illustrations of over 100 medicinal plants, and the Large format softcover, 222 pp. insects. Floating row cover is a spun-bonded, people who use them. Large Hardcover, 396 pp. reusable polyester material that can be placed #91169 $37.00 directly over row crops without use of support Weeds and hoops. Under normal use it should last 1–2 The Herbal Medicine-Maker’s Handbook Plant Disease growing seasons; with care it can last longer. [James Green.] An indispensable guide for Crops grown under row cover produce earlier anyone who wants to make their own herbal Weeds And What They and higher quality harvests. In sunny weather, medicines. The author is a practicing herbalist Tell Us [E. Pfeiffer.] 3rd raises daytime temperatures 10°F. Frost protec- and medicine-maker who teaches at the Califor- edition. The presence of tion averages 4°F. Use to protect crops from nia School of Herbal Studies. Covers the science common garden weeds wind and destructive insects. Allows passage of and art of herbal medicine making. Topics provides valuable clues light, air, moisture, and sprays. Some delicate include harvesting, drying, storing, methods of about your soil, your gar- crops may require wire support hoops. Simply herbal extraction, solvents, plant constituents, den environment, and the unfold the row cover loosely over the seed or absorbability, dosage calculations and more. kinds of conditions that plant bed. To secure the edges, cover with a Includes references, charts, forms, index, and favor weed growth. This board, bury the edges in soil, or use fabric sta- illustrations. 2000. Paperback, 384 pp. book tells you how to read ples (see below). Store dry, clean row cover out #91137 $22.95 the weeds. Softcover, 80 pp. #91123 $13.95 of sunlight to extend row cover life. #81617 Reemay 67 in. × 50 ft. (279 sq. ft.) $22.50 80 Books, Supplies www.SouthernExposure.com Labels, Markers, and Tags 2 Seed Saving Supplies 2 All-Weather Mark- ing Pen Permanent, Seed Packets & Bags xylene-free, quick-drying Seed Cleaning Screens & Frames ink writes on all materials, Self-Seal Seed Packets White kraft with dou- even when surfaces are ble-sealed seams. Sift-proof corners prevent loss cold or wet. An ultra-vio- of small seed. Self-seal re-closable tops allow clo- let filter in the ink reduces Marking Pen sure without moistening, thus helping maintain fading. #81403 $3.75 good, low-moisture storage conditions for seeds. Can be opened and resealed 5 or more times in Plastic Plant Tags (for pots and garden rows) normal use. Measures 31/4 x 43/4 in. Tags measuring 5 × 5/8 in. last one or two seasons #85110 50 for $4.95 depending on the amount of sunlight exposure. #85110A 200 for $15.95 Can also be fastened directly to plants by using #85110B 500 for $33.95 a hole punch and a twist tie. #85110C 1000 for $62.00 Seed Cleaning Screens #81406 50 for $3.75 Foam Pouches for Wooden Garden Labels (for Mailing Seed, 20 3½ Seed-Cleaning Screens, set of 5 Screens are garden rows.) Made from New in. × 5 in. polyethylene some of the most essential tools for small-scale England White Birch. These foam pouches are great cleaning of seeds that mature dry. These five sturdy labels have been coated for trading small packets screens - 2 mesh (strands per inch), 4 mesh, 8 with an environmentally friendly of small seeds through the mesh, 16 mesh, and 30 mesh - are effective for preservative to resist rot. Labels mail. Provides padding cleaning seeds ranging in size from amaranth to are 10 in. tall × 7/8 in. wide × while fitting in a regular beans, on a homestead or small farm scale. For 1/8 in. thick. envelope and allowing most types of seeds, we recommend pouring #81408 25 for $7.95 the seed harvest over two sizes of screens: one to small seeds to be sent as a Foam Pouches #81408A 100 for $22.50 Wooden letter. #85109 $3.75 separate out the larger chaff, and one to separate #81408B 200 for $38.50 Garden Labels out smaller chaff and dust. Screening generally complements winnowing and threshing, but Bird-Scare Tape Moisture-Proof Seed Saver Vials™ can also be effective on its own. This set of Bird Scare Flash Tape Bird repellent tape screens is affordable in part because of how little resembles a fire when blown by the wind. Helps Seed Saver Vials™ have a patented inner and space it takes up. Comes with instructions on keep birds out of gardens and fruit crops during outer valve design that ensures that the caps are how to use screens, and how to build a frame the ripening period. Made of highly reflective, leak-proof and airtight. Developed by university that screens can easily be moved in and out of, red and silver mylar ribbon that is twisted in researchers for industrial uses, these high-den- similar to the ones we sell. Avoid small cuts a spiral and suspended from stakes over crops. sity polypropylene hinged-capped reusable vials by wearing rubber or leather gloves to handle Slight breezes vibrate the ribbon creating the are ideal for seed savers and gardeners who do unframed screens. Screens are hand-cut to 11 in. visual effects of a brush fire. 290 ft. roll, 7/16 in. not want to invest in heat-sealing equipment. x 11 in. See our website for further seed-saving wide. #81501 $6.50 Vials are sterile, non-toxic and translucent, and instructions, and p. 85 for more on how and won’t break or crack. We have filled them with why we support seed-savers. #85131 $33.00 Watering Supplies silica gel and boiled and chilled them to create pressure changes for two cycles. We’ve squeezed Seed Cleaning Dramm 170 Water them repeatedly under water without apparent Frames These Breaker Allows for a con- movement of moisture into the containers. sturdy, weather- centrated and gentle flow Recommended for medium-term seed storage resistant frames are of water into small areas. to long-term seed storage. handmade from Use for hand-watering of Supplied in four sizes. white oak, and raised beds, garden areas, coated with linseed and potted plants. Ideal for Dramm 170 Seed Saver Vial™ #12 oil. Screens are watering trays of seedlings. Our smallest vial, ideal for easily removable Durable aluminum construction. Fits standard protecting small amounts for cleaning and 3/4 in. hose thread. #81102 $21.20 of seed. Measuring 3/4 in. switching. Routed diameter by 21/4 in. tall, exterior frames Seed Cleaning Frames Legume Inoculant it has a 12 ml volume. Vial #12 measure 13 × 13 Guard-N Legume Inoculant #86012 25 for $9.90 in. Interior frames nest in the routing to hold For garden peas, sweet peas, your choice of 11 × 11 in. screen. Set of 2 lima beans, soybeans, peanuts, frames holds one screen. By including the third sunn hemp, vetch, and com- Not Just for Grafting: piece in the set of 3, you can hold two screens mon beans such as snap beans. Ensure the Security of 11/3 in. apart, enabling simultaneous separation Beneficial rhizobial bacteria Frozen Seeds of seeds from larger chaff and from smaller in the inoculant powder (also chaff. Each frame piece in the set weighs in healthy soils) help legumes Inoculant Sealing/Grafting Film For use on seed storage about 1 lb 3 oz. fix nitrogen, increasing vigor container lids that are not already clearly mois- #85142 Set of 2, $48.00 and yield. Contains at least 200 million viable ture-tight, to prevent moistening of seed. For #85143 Set of 3, $68.00 cells per gram of each of the following strains: best results, unstick from paper backing, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), Rhizobium legumi- then cut into strips, then at warm room nosarum biovar viceae, Rhizobium leguminosarum temperature, stretch a strip while wrapping biovar phaseoli, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. it around the edge of the lid. Overlap one To use, dampen seed gradually with a very light layer of film with another, at least the ends sprinkling of water, then mix well with innocu- of the strip, and press to stick them togeth- lant. Protect inoculant bag and inoculated seed er. Does not stick to fingers. This is also from sun, high temperatures, hot winds, and the preferred material for grafting, better freezing. Store in sealed bag, between 40°F and than grafting wax. Composed of waxes and 77°F. Expires the December following purchase. synthetic resins. Supplied as a 5 ft. long, 4 #85150B (1.5 oz, treats 8 lbs of seed) $5.50 in. wide roll. #85108 $3.50 per roll Sealing/Grafting Film ® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Supplies 81 Substitutions for Collections: Our Heritage Collection 2 Collections & Mixes 2 In case of a crop shortage, we may Garlic & Perennial Onion Sampler Packs – p. 21, 35 need to substitute a variety in any Potato & Sweet Potato Sampler Packs – p. 83–84 of our collections. We’ll note any such changes to in the collection’s Grow a Traditional description on our website! 3-Sisters Garden!

Three Sisters Virginia Heritage Seed Collection Garden Pack New! Easy Seed Saving Collection S ® Virginia Heritage Seed Collection OG ® Seven varieties, each of which has an interesting 6 A specially priced collection of 12 varieties history. Includes an okra (Cajun Jewel), a rich in flavor and history, all associated with watermelon (Odell’s Large White), a pole snap Virginia and the Appalachians. All are certified bean (McCaslan), a sunflower (Short Stuff), a organic and open-pollinated. Includes one cherry tomato (Matt’s Wild Cherry), a spice packet each of Contender Bush Bean, Thoro- pepper (Aji Dulce), and a dill (Dukat). All these green Lima Bean, Benne Sesame, Champion Three Sisters Garden Package OG S ® Na- crops are widely adapted, easy to grow, and easy Collards, Everona Large Green Tomatillo, Deer tive Americans have been companion planting to save seed from on a small scale. All of the Tongue Lettuce, South Anna Butternut Winter the three sisters (squash, corn, and pole beans) culinary varieties in this collection are prized for Squash, Long Standing Bloomsdale Spinach, for thousands of years. A well-maintained three their flavor. Most of these seeds can be stored Yellow Crookneck Summer Squash, Amy’s sisters garden is both beautiful and productive. for years, even at room temperature. Comes Sugar Gem Cherry Tomato, Doe Hill Golden The corn provides a tall stalk for the beans to with our Guide to Seed-Saving for Home Use, Bell Sweet Pepper, and Stone Mountain Water- climb. The transpiration from the corn leaves our Guide to Using Screens to Clean Seeds, melon. We give 30% of your purchase to the provides mild cooling for the beans. The beans, and variety descriptions. We give 30% of your Piedmont Environmental Council for their in turn, have the amazing ability to fix nitrogen purchase to the Grassroots Seed Network to “Buy Fresh Buy Local” Campaign. from the atmosphere. The squash serves to help home seed savers share and sell the seeds #92011 (12 full-size packets) $25.00 provide a living mulch, suppressing weeds and they grow and preserve the varieties they keeping the hot summer sun from baking the cherish. #92023 $20.00 Celebrate Heirloom Veg Diversity earth dry. A Three Sisters garden is beautiful. with our Rainbow Mix! The circular yet directional pattern provides Pollinator Collection a calming space to work in. The bean flowers Welcome- draping from the corn leaves seem to dance to-the- over the large squash leaves. The squash and Garden bean flowers are heavily visited by pollinating Pollinator insects. Included is enough corn (Pungo Creek Collection Butcher), beans (Kentucky Wonder), and ® squash (Seminole pumpkin) seeds to plant a 25 We’ve ft. circular Three Sisters garden, and our plant- added phlox, ing guide. #92001 (3 full-size packets) $8.50 for an even more diverse sampler! Bees Mesclun Collections and other pollinators Spring Mesclun Collection ® OG A wonder- need pollen, ful collection of spring salad greens. Includes nectar and one packet each of Long Standing Bloomsdale shelter all spinach, Salad Bowl lettuce, Simpson Elite season, from lettuce, Crawford lettuce, Susan’s Red Bibb early spring lettuce, Red Russian kale, and Mizuna mustard #92006 $15.00 through late Sample Varieties greens. fall. Support Summer Mesclun Collection OG ® These your pollinators with this special collection of heat-resistant greens should provide great salads 13 old-fashioned single-blossomed heirloom, all summer long. Includes one packet each of open-pollinated flowers and herbs. The white, purple, yellow, and orange colors preferred Carolina Broadleaf mustard greens, Magenta Rainbow Starters Collection Magic orach, Parris Island Cos lettuce, But- by pollinators provide beautiful blooms for tercrunch lettuce, Anuenue lettuce, and Sweet the gardener as well as food and shelter for Valentine lettuce. #92002 $13.00 honeybees and a variety of native pollinators. Rainbow Starters Collection OG ® A color- Includes phlox, calendula, echinacea, cosmos, ful mix of 10 easy-to-grow varieties, great for Fall Mesclun Collection ® OG This mix is sweet alyssum, bachelor’s button, cleome, families and for beginning gardeners. Jewel Mix specially selected for both fall and winter har- sunflowers, rudbeckia, beebalm, and zinnia, as nasturtiums, Evening Sun sunflowers, Royalty vest. Includes one packet each of Parris Island well as our Gardeners Quick Guide to Welcoming Purple Pod bush beans, Lacinato Rainbow Cos lettuce, Rouge d’Hiver lettuce, Schweitzer’s Pollinators and Other Beneficial Insects. We give kale, Three Root Grex beet, Marmony Marble Mescher Bibb lettuce, Forellenschluss lettuce, 30% of your purchase price to the Piedmont watermelon, Purple Dragon carrots, Lemon Red Salad Bowl lettuce, Tatsoi mustard greens, Environmental Council for their “Buy Fresh cucumbers, Tromboncino summer squash, and Arugula, Abundant Bloomsdale spinach, and Buy Local” Campaign. #92003 $19.00 Wild Garden lettuce mix. A great garden gift. Bulls Blood beet greens. #92019 (13 full-size packets) $25.00 #92014 (10 full-size packets) $20.00 82 Collections & Mixes Wild Garden Perennial Insectary See p. 71. www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal Items: Shipping Surcharges Apply Potatoes Solanum tuberosum Potato Collections ® Shipping Surcharge for Seedling Potatoes: Favorite Potato Collection OG S Try four of our most popular $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. potatoes and save $8.00. Assortment includes 1 pound each of Keuka Seedling Potatoes ship in the spring. Pre-order in winter or early spring. Gold, Dark Red Norland, Russian Banana Fingerling, and Yukon Shipment begins in March, southern-most areas first, from Wood Gold. Shipped in a sturdy box with planting instructions, recipes, and Prairie Farm, where they are grown. U.S. shipping addresses only. variety photo cards. Certified organic seed potatoes – 4 separate 1 lb bags. #39804 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) $49.00 Culture: Cut potatoes into pieces no smaller than an egg with no fewer than 2 eyes. Plant at 12 in. spacing, rows 3–4 ft. apart, in rich soil with lots Cook’s Potato Collection OG S ® Everybody loves potatoes! This of extra compost. Kill Colorado Potato Beetles as soon as they appear. The sampler includes four different tempting varieties for the adventurous adults lay many eggs, and the pink-purple larvae are much more destructive cook’s garden. You’ll love Caribe, Adirondack Red, King Harry, and than the adults. When plants are 6 in. high, side dress with compost and Red Cloud. 1 pound of each variety packed in a sturdy box with hill them by mounding dirt up against them until only the very tip of the planting instructions, recipes, and variety photo cards. Save $7.00 off top leaves are showing. For best results, hill again when plants have grown the individual bag price. Certified organic seed potatoes – 4 separate another 6 in. Dig potatoes from the ground after the plants have died and 1 lb bags. #39805 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) the stems are dry to the ground level. Potatoes are shipped at appropriate $49.00 spring planting time for your area. For more specific shipping dates, see Full Potato Collection OG S ® Try all eight of our selected potato our website or call us. Order by April 1st. If you intend to make a second, varieties and save $26.00 off the per bag price. 1 pound each of Ca- later planting, please order extra seed potatoes to store in the refrigerator or ribe, Keuka Gold, Adirondack Red, Dark Red Norland, King Harry, root cellar until planting time. Warning: After eating some home grown Red Cloud, Russian Banana Fingerling, and Yukon Gold. All shipped potatoes, you may never be able to eat commercial potatoes again. Bag: 1 in a sturdy box with planting instructions, recipes, and variety photo lb, sows 6–10 ft. Each 1 lb of Certified Organic Seed Potatoes includes cards. Certified organic seed potatoes – 8 separate 1 lb bags. detailed planting instructions and a variety photo card. #39803 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info at left) $87.00

Adirondack Red OG S ® A delicious, moist, red-skinned, pink- King Harry OG S ® A firm-fleshed round fleshed selection from the Wood Prai- white potato from Cornell Universi- rie Farm trial gardens. Creamy, ty that holds its shape well when mid-dry, cranberry-red flesh. boiled. These early and productive #39505 (seedling potatoes, plants have hairy leaves, thanks see shipping info above) Adirondack Red to a wild potato from Bolivia, King Harry $13.95 which deter pests like the Colo- ® rado Potato beetle. Great for Caribe OG S One of the earliest potato salads, boiling, sautées and prettiest potatoes you’ll dig. Deep and soups. #39202 (seedling pota- purple skin with snow white flesh. toes, see shipping info above left) $13.95 Can be quite large with good yields. Good for boiling, baking, Red Cloud OG S ® Beautiful crim- and frying. Lovely as a new son-skinned, white-fleshed potato is potato. Very early matur- uncommonly dry and delicious baked ing. #39201 (seedling Caribe or boiled. Red Cloud is named for potatoes, see shipping the Ogalala Sioux Chief. Dig them info above) $13.95 early and small for new potatoes. Red Cloud Mid-season. #39503 (seedling Dark Red Norland OG potatoes, see shipping info S ® Very dark red skin, above left) $13.95 bright white flesh, and high yields make this early maturing Russian Banana Fingerling OG selection a favorite with both S ® 6 Rare heirloom potato. Savory home gardeners and market finger-sized yellow tubers are exquisite growers. The moist, waxy, Dark Red baked, boiled, or in salads. Heirloom firm flesh is delicious Norland gourmet variety first grown by early boiled, mashed, in potato Russian settlers. Crescent-shaped Russian Banana salad or served whole as “baby tapered ends. Unsurpassed cu- Fingerling reds.” #39504 (seedling linary quality. 105–135 days to potatoes, see shipping info maturity. #39702 (seedling above) $13.95 potatoes, see shipping info above left) $14.95 Keuka Gold OG S ® [Cornell U. 2004.] A handsome Yukon Gold OG S ® 6 Renowned golden-fleshed potato with excellent for outstanding flavor. The best known flavor. It excels when boiled, can be of the European-style yellow- roasted, and is a fine moist baker. flesh potatoes. Drier than Golden skin, golden flesh. most other yellow flesh Good yields and disease potatoes. Perfect for resistance — easier to grow baking and mashing. Yukon Gold for some than Yukon Gold! Keuka Gold Good yields and an Mid-season. #39304 (seedling excellent keeper. Very potatoes, see shipping info early maturing. #39301 above left) $13.95 (seedling potatoes, see shipping info above left) $13.95

® Especially Well Suited to the Southeast 6 Heirloom S Seed from Small Farms OG USDA Certified Organic Potatoes 83 Seasonal Items: Limited Quantities – Order Early! Shipping Surcharges Apply Sweet Potatoes Ipomoea batatas Georgia Jet becca’s Purple Shipping Surcharge for Sweet Potato Slips: Bunch Porto Rico $2 for one item, $4 total for any two or more items. Seedling Potatoes ship in the spring: mid-May to early June, southern-most areas first, Check www.SouthernExposure.com for limited (but may be pre-ordered starting in December). U.S. shipping addresses only. quantities of these varieties and possibly a few more. Order early as we expect to sell out quickly. Culture: Plant slips one month after average last spring frost. Sweet potatoes Sweet Potato Pricing need full sun and warm, settled weather Remember to include the correct letter on Sweet Potato Collections to grow well; slips planted too early the Order Form or Quick Order webpage! Sweet Potato Collection, 3 Orange Vari- ® won’t thrive. Provide loose, well-drained A (6 slips) $10.00 D (48 slips) $39.00 eties OG S 6 slips each of 3 orange-fleshed soil high in organic matter. For maxi- sweet potato varieties of our choosing, from a mum production, plant in raised beds. B (12 slips) $15.99 E (100 slips) $59.00 selection of many varieties. #74155 (18 live Space slips 10–18 in. apart in rows 3–5 C (24 slips) $24.99 slips, see shipping info above left) $29.00 ft. apart. Keep the slips well-watered Sweet Potato Collection: Orange, White, for several days after planting while the ® roots establish. In northern areas, use Purple OG S A mix of 3 different sweet po- black plastic mulch and row cover to tato varieties of our choosing: 6 orange-fleshed warm the soil. Harvest: Sweet potatoes slips, 6 white-fleshed slips, and 6 purple-fleshed need at least 90–120 days to mature. slips, from a selection of many varieties. #74156 (18 live slips, see shipping info Use a garden fork to gently dig the Carolina Ruby mature tubers before frost. Cure for above left) $29.00 7–10 days in a dark room at 80–90°F Carolina Ruby S ® 6 100 days. A reliable OG Hernandez ® 6 and approximately 90% relative variety with high yields. Dark orange flesh when OG S 120 humidity. Curing sweetens the flavor cooked and a smooth ruby skin. Perhaps the most days. Purple-stemmed with and toughens the skins, which increases strikingly red of the red-skinned sweet potatoes. light red-skin and orange storage life. Store above 55°F. Every High level of resistance to Fusarium wilt and soil flesh. Excellent yields and order includes our detailed Sweet Potato rot. Moist texture and moderate sweetness. Stores a tendency to produce a Growing Guide (also available online at well. #74104 (live slips, see shipping & pricing couple “jumbo” roots in each www.SouthernExposure.com). info above) bunch. Very sweet and moist when cooked. Great baking potato. #74113 (live slips, see shipping & pricing info above) Hernandez

Diane

Diane OG S ® 6 110 days. Heirloom sweet pota- to with dark red skin and deep orange flesh. Tubers are often torpedo-shaped (slender, long). Diane is All Purple sometimes called a “yam-type” sweet potato because O’Henry it is a moist-fleshed variety. A heavy producer if All Purple ® 6 [Tradi- OG S 120 days. given a long, warm season. #74116 (live slips, see enry ® 6 tional Japanese variety.] True to its name, shipping & pricing info above) O’H OG S 100 days. White-fleshed All Purple has dark purple flesh and skin. sweet potatoes were classically considered easier One of the hardiest roots in our collection, to grow than “Irish” potatoes in the Southeast. a fast and strong grower sure to give a When you taste how sweet and creamy O’Henry generous harvest at season’s end. Roots are is in mashed sweet potatoes, we think it will starchy, dry, slightly sweet, and store well; come to be your first choice. #74107 (live slips, good in savory dishes and mixed mashes. see shipping & pricing info above left) #74101 (live slips, see shipping & pric- Ginseng ing info above) Ginseng OG S ® 6 120 days. While we can only guess why this sweet potato was named after the famous energy-boosting root, it may be due to the high beta carotene content of this sweet potato. But don’t just choose Ginseng for the vitamin A, it tastes great as well! Dry, semi-sweet deep orange flesh, lobed leaves. #74106 (live slips, see shipping & pricing info above) Beauregard Hayman OG S ® 6 (White Haymon, White Hamon) Beauregard OG S ® 6 100 days. Visit 100 days. Vining plants with Red Japanese any sweet potato farm and there’s a good cream-colored skin and white chance they’re growing some Beauregard. flesh that turns slightly yellow Red Japanese OG S ® 95 days. Deep red-pur- Thousands of farmers rely on this reliable, when cooked. Like O’Henry, ple skin and deliciously sweet, smooth, dry high yielding variety. Crack-resistant roots this variety is a great substitute white flesh. Staff favorite at Southern Exposure and deep orange color with dry flesh. for “Irish Potatoes,” but with a in 2017. The vigorous, disease-resistant vines Compared to other varieties even big roots sweeter flavor. Produces large produce abundantly and can do well in the will bake quickly. #74102 (live slips, see uniform roots. Traditional North as well as in the South. Popular at many shipping & pricing info above) heirloom of Eastern Shore Hayman California Asian food markets. #74117 (live Maryland. #74111 (live slips, slips, see shipping & pricing info above left) see shipping & pricing info above left) 84 Sweet Potatoes www.SouthernExposure.com PVP Varieties PVP designates protected varieties Hybrids are often bred for the low-stress conditions, Southern Exposure regulated by the Plant Variety Protection Act which high fertilizer levels, and intensive cultivation of modern prohibits unauthorized marketing. conventional agriculture. Open-pollinated heirlooms, on Seed Exchange the other hand, are the tried and true survivors. They Genetically Modified Varieties (GMOs) We will not often perform better under adverse conditions, like Southern Exposure grew out of Dr. Jeff H. McCormack’s knowingly offer seed of genetically modified varieties. drought and heat stress. Hybrids may better tolerate the love of heirloom vegetables and the tradition of seed Some studies suggest that avoiding genetically modified absence of trace minerals – which can mean a less saving. What began in a family garden and kitchen in pollen may require isolation distances up to four times nutritious food product, with lower trace mineral 1982 has expanded into a network of farms and gardens, greater than those required by natural pollen, so we have content. a modern germination testing facility, and environmen- increased the isolation distances for producing our seed. Open-pollinated seeds offer less of a one-size-fits-all tally controlled seed storage. Our first catalog offered 65 See our website for more information. approach than do hybrids. We recommend reading the varieties; now we feature over 800, with an emphasis on descriptions carefully to determine what variety best heritage, flavor, disease resistance and other qualities of Heirloom And Family Heirloom Varieties Non-hy- brid varieties introduced prior to 1940 are defined as suits your needs. We are available if you need more interest to market and home gardeners. Although we information. Many of our open-pollinated varieties have specialize in seeds adapted to the Mid-Atlantic and heirloom varieties. After 1940 hybrids began to displace these traditional varieties, and many became scarce or endured the test of time, some for several hundred years. Southeast, we have loyal customers throughout the U.S. We carry almost all open-pollinated seeds, which and Canada. lost. We define a special class of heirlooms as “family heirloom varieties.” These have been handed down means you can save your own seeds and they will stay Since 1999, Southern Exposure has been true to type. We only offer four select hybrid varieties: cooperatively owned and operated by Acorn Communi- within families for generations. As far as we can tell, family heirlooms are unique and have not previously Granex onion, Tendergreen broccoli, and Bodacious and ty Farm, an egalitarian income-sharing community in Silver Queen sweet corns. We think these varieties can rural Louisa County, Virginia. been in seed catalogs until their recent introduction. Some of these are old commercial varieties that have be a valuable supplement to the home or market Our Mission been modified by environment, cross pollination, gardener not concerned with saving their own seed. selection, and random mutation. Determining the We began carrying seed saving supplies in order to We encourage cooperative self-reliance in agriculture. make them available in the small quantities required for We promote and participate in seed saving and uniqueness of a variety is not easy and we would rather risk duplication than lose a valuable variety forever. To small-scale Seed Savers. We particularly recommend exchange, ecological agriculture, reducing energy use, Suzanne Ashworth’s book Seed to Seed for detailed seed providing locally adapted varieties, and regional food help in identification, synonyms of variety names are indicated in parentheses after the most common name. saving instructions. production. The “Growing Guides and Library” section of our To further these aims, Southern Exposure offers: Seed Saving: Open-Pollination website has specific information on how to save seed heirloom varieties to conserve and distribute rare and from a variety of common crops. endangered varieties; open-pollinated varieties to Conservation Of Genetic Resources We are concerned about the erosion of our genetic resources and encourage seed saving and exchange among gardeners; Seed Preservation Programs disease- and insect-tolerant varieties to reduce pesticide the trend toward replacement of standard or open-polli- nated varieties by F1 hybrids. Unless we have genetic Organic Seed Alliance The integrity of organic food use; and varieties for local and small-scale growers to starts with seed, yet unhealthy trends in the seed encourage regional food production. diversity in our food crops, our food supply is vulnerable to epidemics. This has been a repeated lesson of industry (consolidation, contamination by genetically Our Seeds agricultural history. The Irish potato famine of the modified organisms and the erosion of farmers’ rights) threaten this integrity. OSA confronts these threats while Untreated Seeds We do not sell chemically treated seeds. mid-1840s and the U.S. corn blight epidemic of 1970 both show the dangers of lack of genetic diversity. In building decentralized, regional, farmer-oriented seed To help give your seeds the proper start in life we provide production models. Learn more at www.SeedAlliance. detailed cultural instructions in our catalog. We especially 1970, nearly 80% of the U.S. corn crop was planted in hybrids containing a genetic trait that made the crop org. 10% of our sales at events this winter go to the urge you to pay close attention to recommended Organic Seed Alliance. See our event schedule on germination temperatures and moisture requirements. vulnerable to blight. Our country came close to losing our entire hybrid corn crop, but all the open-pollinated inside front cover. Germination Testing Our seed is germination tested to varieties resisted the blight. Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Center provides ensure it meets both federal and Southern Exposure We offer a diverse selection of open-pollinated training in identifying, collecting, and maintaining heirloom standards. (Our standards are higher than federal varieties. This helps to ensure a genetic reservoir of seeds and plants, and coordinates the activities of growers of standards for some crops.) Please note that germination disease-resistant varieties, regionally adapted varieties, heirloom fruits and vegetables. It maintains many heirloom tests are often conducted under optimum conditions and varieties which are diverse in flavor, color, and beans and tomatoes and offers some for sale. The center and that field results may vary. Test results are printed on culinary uses. What a shame it would be if we lost variet- facilitates a Kentucky heirloom seed exchange the first the packet to help you determine planting density and ies such as Country Gentleman corn or Brandywine Saturday in October. www.heirlooms.org quantity needed. tomato. We would lose not only unique taste and On rare occasions we find it necessary to package quality, but also part of our agricultural and cultural United Plant Savers is a non-profit dedicated to seed below federal standard. In those cases we add more heritage. replanting endangered medicinal plant species. The wild seed to compensate and the packet is labeled, “Below plant resources of the North American continent Standard: More Seed Added.” Seed Saving Seed saving promotes self-reliance, currently face serious depletion and possible extinction. conserves agricultural resources, saves money and UPS works to research, educate, and protect plants and Regional Variety Performance Our detailed variety connects us with our agricultural roots. By selecting seed habitats. www.unitedplantsavers.org descriptions help you decide which seed is suited to your from the plants that do best for you, you are creating region and your needs. Some varieties are best adapted your own locally adapted strains. You can learn to look Seed Shares™ is Southern Exposure’s program to collect to specific soils, climate, or other cultural conditions. for interesting mutations and begin playing with seed of varieties that are not in general circulation, but Others are widely adapted and will generally perform breeding new varieties (we recommend Carol Deppe’s have a special point of interest or usefulness. Email or well under many conditions. excellent book Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties). You call us if you have a variety that you would like to share! Our region, the Mid-Atlantic, is characterized by can select for appearance, flavor, vigor, maturation time, As best you can, give the variety name, its county and high summer heat, humidity, uneven precipitation and stress resistance, keeping quality, and tolerance to insects state of origin, growth habit, hardiness, cultural occasional high temperatures in the early spring and late and disease. requirements, how long you’ve grown it, by whom it was fall. Soils are predominantly clay except in sandy coastal If you save seed from hybrids, the second and saved, and how it was used. Family stories are of special areas. subsequent crops (the F2, F3, F4, etc., generations) will interest. If the seed is not in our seed bank, we will send Our varieties perform well in regions sharing similar be unlike the parent generation. There will be a mailing instructions and a gift certificate redeemable for characteristics to the Mid-Atlantic, including the Pacific tremendous amount of genetic variability. So saving items in our catalog. Northwest. Many varieties will perform well in warmer seeds from hybrids can be the first step toward and cooler regions if planting dates are adjusted stabilizing new open-pollinated varieties – you simply Copyright & Trademark Notice accordingly. We also offer a number of varieties suited isolate and save seed from the interesting plants in the Entire contents of this publication copyright ©1982– for early production and short season northern climates. F2 generation and over the following years use selection 2021 by Southern Exposure Seed Exchange. No For specific regional adaptability see our catalog to stabilize the new strain. reproduction without express written permission. descriptions and cultural notes. This is easier done for some types of plants than Southern Exposure Seed Exchange is a federally registered others. Out-crossing plants (like corn and broccoli) trademark. All trademarks noted in the text are property Maturity Dates Maturity dates provide a guideline for require large isolation distances and you may need to of Southern Exposure Seed Exchange® (SESE™) or of their comparing relative maturation times of different save seeds from a large number of plants each year in makers. All rights reserved. varieties. These dates represent the average dates for our order to prevent inbreeding depression (lack of genetic Art Credits location, our grower’s location, or the average of several diversity). However, mostly self-pollinating plants (like Thanks to all who contributed to the locations. Actual maturity dates depend on climate, soil, tomatoes, peppers, beans and peas) are easy for the home content, art, and layout of this catalog: Melissa Anderson, season, exposure, and local conditions. gardener to experiment with. Ken Bezilla, Radish Bruce, Lauren Caprio, Lisa Dermer, Jessie Doyle, Edmund Frost, Janel Healy, Richard Hinde, Seed Saver Packets™ Heirloom and rare varieties are Hybrids may have an advantage in terms of yield and uniformity, but these may only be advantages to Arieayn Hohwald, Irena Hollowell, Jon Hoover, Jac sometimes sold in Seed Saver Packets™, our trademark Langeveld, Marielle Mackin, Ingrid Martin, Joan Mazza, used to indicate varieties in need of preservation and commercial farmers. To have all your tomatoes mature at once may be a disadvantage for a gardener who wants an Jeff McCormack, Shakaya Nashoba, Tina Olsen, distribution. Seed Saver Packets™ often contain fewer Hildegard Ott, Debbie Piesen, Sarah Rice, Owen seeds than most commercial-size packets. They are extended harvest. The “hybrid vigor” effect is strongest in outcrossing varieties and has little impact in our beloved Spangler, Gordon Sproule, Diana Tupelo & Ira Wallace. intended for Seed Savers and gardeners who would like Catalog Design: Lisa Dermer & Sabine Twin Oaks. to experiment with heirloom and rare varieties. tomatoes. Many hybrids have been bred primarily for Cover Illustration: shipping quality – often at the expense of flavor. Jessie Doyle 85 Spring & Fall Items Shipping Surcharge Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Ginseng & Goldenseal, 4 Easy Ways to Order Garlic & Onion Bulbs!!! Online www.SouthernExposure.com Seasonal items do not delay your order. Your order ships normally Our online store contains everything in our catalog and more! Browse our website or save time with our and the spring or fall items ship when they are ready. online Quick Order form. Garlic, Perennial Onions, Shallots, Ginseng and Goldenseal Phone (540) 894-9480 ship in the fall, mid-September through early November. Our phone hours are: Shipment is to northern areas first, moving south. We can only deliver 9 am–5 pm, M–F, January 1–May 31, and these items within the 48 contiguous U.S. states. 11 am–3 pm, M–F, June 1–December 31 (EST). Please add $2 for any one fall-shipped item or $4 for any two or more items. Please have your order and credit card ready. Fax (540) 266-1021 Seed Potatoes ship in the spring directly from the farm Fax your order anytime 24/7. Please use the in Maine where they are grown. Shipment is to southern areas first, order form on page 87 or download one at starting in March, moving north. We cannot ship potatoes early due www.SouthernExposure.com to the danger of freezing damage in transit. Mail P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 Please add $2 for one potato item or $4 for any two or more potato items. Please use the order form on page 87. Sweet Potato Slips ship in the spring from our farm and offices in Virginia. Shipment is to southern areas first, starting in mid-May, moving north. Please add $2 for one sweet potato item or $4 for any two Questions About or more sweet potato items. Your Order? E-mail us at Virginia Sales Tax PRICES & QUANTITIES Prices are in effect [email protected] until December 31, 2021 or until superseded (include “SESE” in the subject line) or There is a 5.3% state sales tax on by the next catalog. Seed is sold by weight; seed call us at (540) 894-9480. orders shipped to Virginia addresses, counts per packet are approximate. We reserve unless accompanied by a signed the right to change prices and quantities without Payment exemption certificate. notice. We accept all major credit cards (Visa, Substitutions GUARANTEE We want you to be 100% MasterCard, Discover & American satisfied with your purchase. If your purchase Express), personal checks & money In 2021, we anticipate running out proves dissatisfactory we will replace the item of a higher-than-usual number or refund the purchase price according to your orders. Your credit card is charged the day preference. Limitation of remedy and conditions your order is received, including back- of varieties. Our website has of sale: Southern Exposure Seed Exchange (SESE) ordered and seasonal items. updated availability information. warrants only that our seeds and nursery stock are If a variety you request is out of labeled in conformance with the Virginia Seed Shipping & Handling stock, we may substitute a similar Law and the Federal Seed Act. We make no other variety unless you indicate a or further warranties, expressed or implied. SESE preference to the contrary. disclaims any warranty of merchantability, fitness Up to $10.00 $3.50 of purpose, or otherwise, of its products or the seed $10.01 - $30.00 $4.50 or crops grown from such seeds. SESE limits its $30.01 - $60.00 $5.50 Back-Orders remedy to the replacement of the dissatisfactory $60.01 - $120.00 $6.50 If an item you order is out of stock, item or to the refund of the purchase price. over $120 add 5% to total we may briefly hold your order until that item is available again. RETURNS Prior authorization by SESE is We ship all orders via the United States required for return of hard goods. Claims for Postal Service. Orders usually ship within Otherwise we will ship the rest of defects must be presented to SESE as soon as 2–3 days. During our busy season please the order, and later ship the practicable within 30 days of discovery, and in any allow 4–6 days to ship. We notify you via back-ordered item separately when event, no later than 60 days from date of shipment. phone or email if a delay is anticipated. it becomes available. If the item is not returned in saleable condition, SESE may assess a restocking fee based on the Shipping & Handling fees are condition of the item. Claims for defects in seeds non-refundable. Foreign Orders or nursery stock must be presented within 30 days We do not ship orders of discovery, and in any event, no later than 6 Priority Handling Service internationally. months from date of shipment. We are no longer taking orders For 2021, we expect to generally not be RESTRICTIONS ON SALE By placing and able to offer Priority Handling Service. from Canada and Mexico. Research and seed-saving organizations may accepting an order the customer agrees to all terms When it is available, we will make it and conditions. We reserve the right to limit or an option on the checkout page contact us for an exception. refuse sale in any locality, state, or country. of our website. Order online at www.SouthernExposure.com for fastest service and largest selection. 86 P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 [email protected] Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Phone (540) 894-9480 Fax (540) 266-1021 www.SouthernExposure.com Billing Address Please print all information. If your address has changed, indicate your former zip code:

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Fill in all columns completely. More space is on the reverse side. Total This Side: Shipping Surcharges Total Reverse Side: + Shipping & Handling Onions Bulbs, Garlic, Order Subtotal Ginseng & Goldenseal: For Subtotals: $2 for 1 item, Up to $10.00 add $3.50 Virginia Residents Add 5.3% Sales Tax: + $4 for 2+ items $10.01 - $30.00 $4.50 (Shipped beginning Shipping & Handling (see left): + mid-September.) $30.01 - $60.00 $5.50 $60.01 - $120.00 $6.50 Seed Potato Surcharge (Shipped in Spring, see left): + Seed Potatoes: over $120 5% of total $2 for 1 item, $4 for 2+ Sweet Potato Slip Surcharge (Shipped in Spring, see left): + items (Shipped beginning March 1) Onion Bulbs & Garlic Surcharge (Shipped in Fall, see left): + Ginseng & Goldenseal Sweet Potato Slips: $2 for 1 item, $4 for 2+ Subtract Credit/Gift Certificate (Enclose): - items (Shipped beginning Order Online: mid-May) www.SouthernExposure.com Order Total: Item # Item Name Size Price Each Quantity Line Total

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Southern Exposure Seed Exchange Order Online: PO Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 Phone (540) 894-9480 [email protected] A Worker Owned Cooperative www.SouthernExposure.com Recommended Planting Dates Adjust these dates for your region! We consider the mid-Atlantic to be divided into 3 distinct We’ve found the dates below to be the best times to plant in the gardening regions: inland plains, coastal, and mountain. inland plains of the mid-Atlantic, based on our experience in Use these guidelnes to adjust dates for your region: central Virginia (Zone 7a. Average last spring frost April 15. Average first fall frost October 15). Adjust according to your own frost dates. Coastal Gardens: Mountain Gardens: Row cover (pg. 80), cold frames, or other Mild winters allow for You may need to delay plantings up to 2–4 weeks frost protection can allow for planting 1–2 planting spring crops in the late winter and early spring to allow the soil weeks earlier in the spring and 1–2 weeks up to 2–4 weeks earlier to warm up and dry out. Take advantage of long later for fall harvest in all regions. in late winter and early springs by planting cool-season spring crops up to spring. Continue to 2–4 weeks later. Discontinue fall plantings up to plant cool-season fall 2–4 weeks earlier to ensure adequate time before crops up to 2–4 weeks frosts. Hot-season crops should be planted early later in summer and fall. enough to ensure adequate heat and time for mat- uration, but be sure to allow the soil to adequately warm. Choose faster-maturing varieties for hot-season crops. Mid-Atlantic Inland Plains Planting Dates

sow indoors Feb 21–Mar 21, direct sow Mar 15–Apr 15, Jul Rutabaga direct sow Aug 1–Aug 21 Artichoke transplant out Apr 21–May 21 Endive 21–Sept 15 direct sow Mar 1–Apr 21, Sept Beans, Bush direct sow Apr 15–Aug 10 Garlic plant bulbs Oct 15–Nov 15 Spinach 1–Oct 1

Beans, Pole direct sow Apr 15–Jul 15 direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Jul Summer Kale 21–Sept 15 Squash direct sow Apr 21–Jul 21 Beans, Lima direct sow May 7–Jul 25 & Zucchini Kohlrabi direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Jul direct sow Mar 15–Jun 15, 15–Aug 21 Winter Beets Aug 15–Sept 15 Squash & direct sow May 1–Jun 10 Pumpkins Lettuce direct sow Mar 10–Jun 1, Aug direct sow Mar 10–Jul 1 7–Sept 21 Sunflowers direct sow Apr 15–Jul 7 Broccoli sow indoors Jan 31–May 31, Muskmelon direct sow May 1–Jun 15 transplant out Mar 15–Jul 15 Sweet transplant out May 15–Jun 21 direct sow Mar 10–May 1, Jul Potatoes direct sow May 1–Jun 1 Mustards Brussels 25–Oct 1 Sprouts sow indoors Apr 1–May 15, Swiss Chard direct sow Mar 15–Aug 1 transplant out May 15–Jun 15 Okra direct sow May 1–Jul 1 Tomatoes sow indoors Feb 21–May 7 direct sow Mar 10–Jul 15 Onions, sow indoors starting Feb 10 transplant out Apr 21–Jun 21 Cabbage sow indoors Jan 31–Jul 1, Green direct sow Mar 15–Aug 10 transplant out Mar 15–Aug 1 Turnips direct sow Mar 10–Apr 15, Aug sow in cold frame Nov 10– 7– Oct 1 Cabbage, direct sow Mar 10–Apr 7, Onions, Bulb Dec 1 (or indoors Chinese Jul 15–Aug 15 Jan 1–Jan 21), transplant out Watermelon direct sow May 1–Jun 10 Mar 1–Mar 21

Carrots direct sow Mar 10–May 1, Jul Alternative Greens & Dual Crops 25–Aug 15 Onion, plant bulbs Oct 15–Nov 15 Multiplier In addition to the greens listed here, the leaves Cauliflower sow indoors Jan 31–Mar 7 of sweet potatoes, amaranth, hyacinth beans, (spring) transplant out Mar 15–Apr 7 Parsnips direct sow Mar 1–May 1 asparagus beans, southern peas (cowpeas), and squash can be cooked and eaten. We recom- mend using young leaves and shoot tips of Cauliflower direct sow Mar 1–Apr 15, direct sow Jun 1–Jul 1 Peas Jul 15–Aug 1 squash and hyacinth bean plants. Amaranths (fall) vary in taste: we recommend Callaloo amaranth and Mayo Indian grain amaranth for greens. sow indoors Jan 21–Feb 15 Southern Buckwheat (cover crop) leaves can be eaten Celery & Peas direct sow May 7–Jul 25 Celeriac move to cold frame Mar 1–Mar raw in salads. Many herbs work well in salads, 15, transplant out May 1–Jun 1 including roselle, salad burnet, anise-hyssop, Peppers sow indoors Mar 7–Apr 21 sorrel, chives, cilantro, dill, borage, and basil. Collards direct sow Mar 10–Sept 1 transplant out May 7–Jun 21 Young pea shoots can be eaten as a salad green.

Corn direct sow Apr 21–Jul 15 transplant out Mar 15–Apr 15, Potatoes Jun 1–25 (mulch) Find more tips like these on our blog: Cucumbers direct sow May 1–Jul 21 www.SouthernExposure.com/blog direct sow Mar 10–Jun 1, Aug Radishes 1–Nov 1 sow indoors Mar 7–Apr 21 Eggplants transplant out May 7–Jun 21 Recommended Planting Dates 89 Cold Season Gardening Mid-Summer Carrots Danvers, Oxheart Quick Reference We sow our earliest fall broccoli ∙ 12°F Danvers 126 and cabbage in early June, by Carrots p. 12 Cold hardiness varies with variety, the health of July 4th at the latest. We make a Cauliflower 32°F ∙ Leaves Early Wonder Tall handle as low as 15°F, but the garden soil (the healthier the soil, the har- second, late sowing by mid-July, Top Beets p. 9 dier the plants), wind chill, etc. Be aware of the adding cauliflower & Chinese heads damage easily. idiosyncracies of your garden – low areas collect cabbage. We do a large sowing Chinese Cabbage 25°F Snowball cold air, south-facing slopes with good air of carrots late-July through Cauliflower p. 12 drainage stay warmest. Take notes, experiment, mid-August for fall and winter Leeks American Flag 10°F find (or breed!) the varieties right for you! harvest. Kohlrabi and rutabaga (probably lower) ∙ Don’t Crop Recommended Varieties should be sown by early to mid- overwinter tender ‘Summer’ types Cold Hardiness Advice August. Onions, Green Evergreen Hardy White, Deep Purple ∙ 25°F Early Summer Beets Lutz Green Leaf, Chioggia, Bulls Blood ∙ 20°F ∙ Purple types have Purple Vienna Start planting for fall and (roots), 16°F (leaves) ∙ Sow more color in cold Kohlrabi p. 27 winter with two of the weather. Catskill Brussels before the soil warms or wait hardiest winter vegetables, until cool weather to try again, Broccoli p. 10 American Flag Sprouts p. 10 Kohlrabi Early Leek p. 27 but also the slowest to reach as beets don’t germinate well Purple Vienna, maturity. We direct sow in hot soil. Gigant Winter ∙ parsnips by early May, when Broccoli 28°F ∙ Leaves 20°F? We’re still the soil is still cool, and we experimenting. sow Brussels sprouts by mid- can handle to 15°F, but June. Brussels Sprouts Catskill heads are more tender. Rutabagas American Purple ∙ 20-25°F Parsnips Harris Cabbage 20–25°F ∙ If Top Yellow ∙ 20°F (roots), Red Acre 16°F (leaves) Model, Hollow Crown, Turga damaged by frost, harvest Cabbage p. 11 ∙ 0°F Salsify Sandwich Island Parsnips p. 33 and peel off damaged Dill Fernleaf ∙ 25°F Rutabaga p. 57 Mammoth ∙ 0°F layers before storing.

Late Summer to Early Fall Mustards Red Giant, Southern Mid- to Late Fall For fall & winter salads, start weekly sowings of Curled ∙ 25°F ∙ Bolt in Jan./Feb. as Wait until mid-Fall to plant garlic lettuce. In late summer, sow greens more thickly to days lengthen. Tat Soi ∙ Succession & perennial onion bulbs (including survive insect damage. Add cilantro and parsley plantings 1–2 weeks apart. Good shallots). Don’t despair if you still haven’t in early fall. Radishes and turnips can be sown mustard to overwinter ∙ hardy, close Tatsoi planted winter greens we’ve had success earlier, but we prefer to wait for cooler temperatures to the ground, & easy to cover, p. 26 sowing greens in early November in a in early fall. Wait for the soil temperature to cool but will bolt in Jan./Feb. as days makeshift cold frame. Our fastest growing before direct sowing spinach (when galinsoga lengthen. Even’ Star Tender Tat, New fall-sown greens are arugula, cress, weeds bloom). Star Mustard, Chinese Thick–Stem Tatsoi, and kale. Lettuce seedlings can Lettuce Red Salad Mustard ∙ Even’ Star winter–hardy be transplanted under row cover in early Bowl, Bronze Arrow, varieties ∙ 6–12°F November. We’ve even harvested Winter Density, Radishes Cherry Belle ∙ 20°F a last round of radishes from a Rouge d’Hiver, Red (roots), 16°F (leaves) Daikon November sowing. Sails ∙ 25°F (large Radishes, Fall Radishes ∙ Misato Great for last minute leaves), 15°F and Rose, Black Spanish Round, sowings: Arugula, Cress, lower (small leaves) Miyashige White Daikon ∙ 20°F Tatsoi, baby Kale, Radishes. ∙ Red lettuces are more (roots), 16°F (leaves) attractive for fall planting, Miyashige White Arugula Even’ Star Winter Winter Density Radicchio 25°F and lower as cold temperatures Lettuce p. 29 ∙ Daikon Radish p. 43 Arugula (6°F) ∙ 22°F ∙ Will bolt in intensify red colors, while Swiss Chard ∙ 25°F? (Variable) Jan./Feb. as days lengthen. Arugula p. 22 green lettuces look yellow and sickly. Lettuce ∙ Smaller–leaved varieties are the Cress Belle Isle Plant by mid- may have difficulty germinating in hot Purple Top White most cold–hardy. fall, (slow germinating). soil. Large Lettuce Large heads don’t handle Globe Turnips p. 58 very cold weather well. They usually rot Turnips Purple Top White Globe, Garlic ∙ 5°F if not too Belle Isle Cress p. 24 and decline by mid–Dec. Small Lettuce Seven Top (greens) ∙ 20°F (roots), much topgrowth ∙ to Overwinter Plants should have 4–10 16°F (leaves) ∙ Ice-Bred White Egg Frost-burned plants leaves before winter. Growth ∙ 6°F will survive, but won’t slows with onset of cold, then Cilantro 15°F ∙ Plant earlier produce as large a resumes, with plants reaching for fall harvests, later for bulb. Plant later to maturity in Feb./March. Hardneck overwintering crops. Younger/ avoid frost damage. Garlic p. 20 Endive, Escarole 25°F and smaller plants overwinter best. May Perennial Onions lower ∙ Similar to lettuce. have problems germinating in hot soil. (Shallots) Yellow Moss Curled Potato Onions ∙ Collards 12°F ∙ Young Parsley Flat Flat Leaf Italian ∙ 20°F ∙ Parsley p. 26 Champion 0°F ∙ Withstand collards are shorter and Collards p. 23 Best for flavor and drying, but less hardy. French Red easier to cover, so start a Curly Moss Curled ∙ 15°F ∙ Prettier & colder temperatures Shallot p. 35 fall crop! hardier. so long as they are mulched and deeply Kale Red Russian ∙ Spinach Abundant Bloomsdale, planted. 15°F ∙ Vates, Siberian, Long-Standing Bloomsdale, Winter Bloomsdale 10°F (large leaves), Radishes Cherry Belle ∙ Cherry Belle Lacinato Rainbow, ∙ Radish p. 43 Lacinato ∙ 12°F ∙ Even’ 5°F (small leaves) ∙ Wait until cool Choose quick-growing Star Smooth Kale ∙ 6°F weather to seed as spinach seed doesn’t spring-type radishes for Winter Bloomsdale late plantings. Red Russian germinate/survive well in hot soil. Spinach p. 26 Kale p. 25 90

Index

SouthernExposure.com Visit us online: us Visit Ordering Information 86 x{{{|hFEJBH{|{80432)|{{{y Order Form 87–88 Southern Exposure Southern Exposure Seed Exchange el ee s Seed Exchange Planting Dates 89 Tomato Solanum lycopersicum Provide support (trellises or tall cages) for GermanCherokee Chamomile Purple Fall & Winter Garden Guide 90 healthier plants and easier harvest. PortulacaSolanum lycopersicumoleracea o you know of a store, gardenCulture: Sow indoors center, in shallow pots or flor ats in Tˆ‰Š‹ˆH early spring, 6 weeks before average last frost. Keep the seedlings at 75–85°F during the day, 50– Books & DVDs 77–80 Saving the Past for the Future co-op that should sell Southern60°F at night. Transplant Exposure to 3 in. pots when 3–4 Heirloom, 1890. true leaves develop. Harden off and transplant to the garden after average last frost. Protect the 80–85 days. Very Supplies 80–81 seedlings with covers if frost threatens! Apply large, unique, dusky seeds?  ey should knowthick organic mulch.about Provide fertile, well-drained soil rich in phosphorous and even moisture. Days purple fruits with Collections & Mixes 82 to maturity are from transplanting. purple interiors. our Retail Seed RacksHarvest: program. Tomatoes are ripe after turning color. Harvest frequently to promote production. Store Remarkable  avor. over 50°F; refrigeration diminishes the fl avor. Sometimes called • over 300 organic & heirloomSeed Savers: To save varieties seeds for home planting, a black tomato. Amaranth (Flower) 66 Kohlrabi 27 isolate from other tomatoes by at least 35 ft. Reportedly of • spinning wire racks, handmadeSouthern Exposure Seed Exchange Cherokee origin. Amaranth (Grain) 74 Leeks 27 A Worker Owned Cooperative Indeterminate. PO Box 460, Mineral, VA 23117 wooden racks & a ordable(540) 894-9480 cardboard · Certifi ed Organic by QCS 0.16 gram Amaranth (Greens) 23 Legume Inoculant 81 ≈50 seeds racks in a range of sizes #49106 Artichokes 5 Lettuce 27–30 • beautifully illustrated retail packets Arugula 22 Lima Beans 8–9

• convenient online ordering system Asparagus Beans 7 Millet 74

Emerge

Full Sun Full

Days to to Days

7–14

Final Row Austr. Winter Peas 75 Mushrooms 30

Spacing

36–48"

Final Plant Light

Spacing

24–48"

60–85°F

Sowing Sowing

Depth

Temp. ¼" o or see r e eersoerosreo Soil Beans 5–9 Muskmelons 30–31 wwwoerosreoseers Beets 9 Mustard Greens 25–26 Black-Eyed Peas 36–37 Oats 75 Broccoli 10 Okra 32–33 Broccoli Raab 10 Onions 34–35 ommon eth See rowers Broomcorn 76-77 Parsley 26 Farmer Direct Seeds from Virginia Brussels Sprouts 10 Parsnips 33 www.ommonethSees.com Cabbage 10–11 Peanuts 38 Cantaloupe 30–31 Peas 36–38 Carrots 12 Peppers 39–42 Cauliflower 12 Popcorn 17 Celeriac 11 Potatoes 83 Celery 11 Pumpkins 47 Chard 26–27 Radicchio 22 Cherry Tomatoes 55–56 Radishes 43, 75 Chicory 22 Rhubarb 44 Chinese Cabbage 22–23 Rice 75 e spece n reserch eeopment n see proucton Clover 74 Runner Beans 9 o own mew resstnt cucurt retes. Collards 23–24 Rutabagas 57 See ucumer p. South nn utternut p. Collections 82 Rye 76 hou heh e termeon p. Corn 13–17 Salsify 44 n rcn rum our p. n ths cto. Cotton 67–68 Sesame 76 Cover Crops 74–77 Shallots 35 Meet an SESE Seeds Grower: Nisani Farm Cowpeas 36–37 Sorghum 76–77 Cress 24 Southern Peas 36–37 Ann Codrington started Nisani Farm with her husband, Bruce White, in Phenix, Virginia. Although originally from the Cucumbers 17–18 Soybeans 7–8 city, Ann has gardened for as long as she can remember and Edamame 7–8 Spinach 26 honed her farming skills while in the Peace Corps. Nisani Farm Eggplants 19 Squash 44–47 is Certified Naturally Grown and does not use any synthetic herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified Endive 24 Summer Spinach 23 organisms. Fava Beans 8 Summer Squash 44–45 Growing ginger and turmeric is personal for Ann, who Field Corn 14–17 Sunflowers 72–73 turned to these medicinal herbs during her recovery from cancer. Flowers 66–73 After she began growing these plants, she hoped to find a local Sunn Hemp 75 source of seedlings in her SESE catalog. Seeing that SESE did Garden Huckleberry 57 Swedes 57 not yet offer locally grown ginger or turmeric, Ann reached out Garlic 20–21 Sweet Corn 13–14 to offer to produce planting stock of these herbs. She has been Ginseng 64 Sweet Potatoes 84 growing ginger and turmeric seedlings for SESE since 2018. Much of what Ann does, reflects her Caribbean roots, Goldenseal 64 Swiss Chard 26–27 including naming the farm “Nisani,” which means “our Gourds 22 Tomatillos 57 daughter” in the Garifuna language of Belize. The name Gourdseed Corn 16 Tomatoes 48–57 recognizes the work Ann, her mother, and her daughters do on the farm. In addition to ginger and turmeric, Nisani Farm grows Grains 74–77 Turnips 58 bitter melon, lemongrass, sweet potatoes, greens, and hot peppers, and sells these wholesale, at Greens 22–27 Vetch 75 farmers markets, and through her online store. When Ann is not farming, she and her family Ground Cherries 56 Watermelon 58–59 enjoy hiking and backpacking. Herbs 60–65 Wheat 73, 75 One of Ann’s interests is in reducing contamination of drinking water. Ann started growing native plants for rain gardens as a way to help people keep their drinking water pure. Rain Husk Tomatoes 56–57 Winter Squash 45–47 gardens catch rainwater that comes off roofs, sidewalks, and streets, and let the water seep into Jewels of Opar 23 Wonderberry 57 the ground. They protect drinking water by keeping oil, bacteria, and chemicals from washing Kale 25 Zucchini 44–45 into streams, and ultimately into drinking water sources. 91 Southern Exposure Seed Exchange PRST STD P.O. Box 460, Mineral, VA, 23117 U.S. Postage PAID Permit #6 Louisa, VA 23093

New Tomatoes New Varieties

Kellogg’s Breakfast p. 53 Everglades p. 56 Mexican Cosmos p. 67 Xochiteco Hot Pepper p. 42

Whaley’s Favorite Cabbage Tropical Sunset p. 56 Virginia Sweets p. 54 Collards p. 24 Cranberry Hibiscus p. 62

Customer Favorites

Beauregard Back! Prize Choi Back! Texas Gourdseed Contender Back! Lutz Green Leaf Back! Liana Sweet Potato p. 84 Pak Choi p. 22 Corn p. 16 Bush Snap Bean p. 5 Beet p. 9 Asparagus Bean p. 7

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Scan to shop our mobile- friendly online store! Sweet Banana Yellow Potato Jing Orange Carwile’s Virginia Sweet Pepper p. 41 Perennial Onions p. 35 Okra p. 33 Peanut p. 38 www.SouthernExposure.com [email protected] Phone: (540) 894-9480 Fax: (540) 266-1021