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Toward Fully Connected Vehicles: Edge Computing for Advanced Automotive Communications

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Toward fully connected vehicles: Edge computing for advanced automotive communications White Paper 1 5GAA Toward fully connected vehicles: Edge computing for advanced automotive communications www.5GAA.org December 2017 Authors : Dario Sabella (Intel), Hassnaa Moustafa (Intel), Pekka Kuure (Nokia), Sami Kekki (Huawei), Zheng Zhou (Huawei), Alice Li (Vodafone), Christoph Thein (Bosch), Edwin Fischer (Deutsche Telecom), Ivan Vukovic and John Cardillo (Ford), Valerie Young and Soo Jin Tan (Intel), Vince Park (Qualcomm), Michaela Vanderveen (Qualcomm), Stefan Runeson (Ericsson), Stefano Sorrentino (Ericsson). 2 5GAA Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 4 1 - Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Edge Computing: a key technology supporting connected AD vehicles .................................................... 5 New Business Opportunities for the automotive ecosystem ................................................................ 6 2 - Automotive use cases powered by Edge Computing ........................................................................... 6 2.1 Categorization of V2X applications ........................................................................................... 7 Table 4: Advanced Driving Assistance Automotive Use Cases ........................................................... 8 Table 5: VRU Automotive Use Cases................................................................................................. 8 Use case example #1: Real Time Situational Awareness & High Definition (Local) Maps ...................... 8 Use case example #2: See-Through (For Passing) ................................................................................ 9 Use case example #3: Vulnerable Road User Discovery ..................................................................... 10 Looking toward connected AD vehicles: Real-time Passenger’s Awareness ............................................ 11 2.2 Impacts on Edge Computing and technical challenges ............................................................ 11 Handling AD Big Data Emerging from Autonomous Vehicles .............................................................. 11 Multi-operator support...................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 MEC in action ......................................................................................................................... 13 Road safety showcase at Digital A9 Motorway Test Bed..................................................................... 13 UK’s first fully connected road test environment for vehicles ............................................................. 14 3 - Standardizing edge computing for automotive ................................................................................. 14 3.1 ETSI MEC ................................................................................................................................ 14 3.2 5GAA ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Synergies between the different organizations ....................................................................... 15 Figure 7: Synergies among 5GAA, ETSI MEC and 3GPP ................................................................... 16 Conclusions and future works ................................................................................................................ 16 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ 17 References ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3 5GAA Executive Summary Connected Vehicles and especially connected Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles bring a whole new ecosystem with new requirements on the Cloud and the network architecture to support the new workloads and to satisfy the real-time service requirements. Such ecosystem includes the vehicles, the road infrastructure, the network infrastructure, and the Cloud. Edge Computing based Vehicle-to-Cloud solutions enable edge cloud capabilities for different levels of autonomous driving, including Highly Autonomous Driving (HAD) and Fully Autonomous Driving (FAD) 1 through providing different services for the driving process (e.g., High Definition real-time Maps, real-time traffic monitoring and alerts, and richer passengers experience), supporting vehicles on roads to drive co- operatively and to be aware of road hazards, and providing better user experience and trust to drivers and passengers. Figure 1: V2X Communications – the big picture Parking house NB-IoT Backend LTE/5G Edge cloud Traffic lights, road side infrastructure LTE/5G LTE/5G V2V via LTE/5G V2I MEC / eMBMS V2P LTE/5G V2V Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors This white paper provides an overview of automotive use cases and shows how Edge Computing provides compute/storage/networking capabilities at the network edge, and how it can be considered a supporting technology for multiple services for connected AD vehicles. The paper draws the attention to the value of Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) as a standardized solution for Edge Computing, especially important from automotive stakeholders’ point of view (while also serving other vertical market segments). In particular, from a standardization perspective, some use cases targeting fully connected cars (i.e. FAD with the maximum level of automation) have challenging requirements that may be fulfilled only with the introduction of 5G networks. Finally, this paper also illustrates the opportunities that are here already today in deploying Edge Computing to support AD, using the flagship services as examples. 1 In the context of this paper, we refer to Highly Autonomous Driving (HAD) and Fully Autonomous Driving (FAD) by referring respectively to SAE levels 4 and 5 of automation [19]. 4 5GAA 1 - Introduction The connected Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles market is driving the evolution of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) (or Vehicular IoT) and is growing at a five-year compound annual growth rate of 45%, which is 10 times as fast as the overall car market. In addition, the vehicle prices that are currently out of reach for most car buyers, will drop significantly in the next few years due to the rapid advancement of embedded technologies which extends the connected AD vehicles technologies to non-luxury categories. Consequently, the business opportunity is significant for connected AD Vehicles. Revenue in the connected car market will amount to nearly $8.2 billion in 2017 and is expected to grow to over $18 billion by 2021 in the U.S. alone, according to research firm Statista 0. That growth has potential to continue, as connected cars make up 12% of those on roads today, with 34.3% projected in 2021 [13]. All this drives several smart services opportunities for drivers, passengers as well as car makers and Telcos/service providers and many more actors in this new market, such as: (i) Automated Driver Assistant Services (ADAS) as driver assistant, parking assistant, self-parking, and automated/unmanned driving, (ii) Telematics as traffic alerts and roads weather conditions alerts, (iii) Infotainment services as music streaming, video streaming to passengers, (iv) Tourist visit to passengers with Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), and (v) Remote and automated management for smart vehicles as software/firmware updates. Edge Computing: a key technology supporting connected AD vehicles The expansion from Cloud to Edge Computing for connected AD services is driven by both the need to have more processing power closer to the vehicles to guarantee the required latency and the need to have reduced network churn with continuous access to the Cloud. Edge Computing is addressing this paradigm shift by aiming to offer a different services environment and cloud-computing capabilities within the roads infrastructure and the access network infrastructure in close proximity to vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs). Figure 2: Example of Edge Computing Support to Services for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles by offering Network Slicing and Data Analytics at the Edge Edge Computing can benefit from new functionality to better handle the big volume of data coming from vehicles and road side units and to dynamically allocate CPU and Acceleration resources based on the services’ needs (e.g., computer vision Vs. video streaming Vs. data aggregation). The following features are found beneficial to Edge Computing: • Network Slicing to tailor the capacity and capabilities of the network for each different service (see the above Figure 2, showing an example of Edge Computing Support to Services for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles) • Service-specific profiles for dynamic assignment of service-specific HW-acceleration to optimize the compute and storage based on simultaneous services requirements 5 5GAA • Hierarchical deployment of the Edge Computing environment using a hierarchy of gateways/roadside units with the Edge Computing servers arranged to reduce the latency and distribute the processing. New Business
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