Lecture Notes for Digital Electronics
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Electronics Ii Curriculum Guide January 2012
PASSAIC COUNTY TECHNICAL INSTITUTE ELECTRONICS II CURRICULUM GUIDE JANUARY 2012 I. Course Description – Electronics Technology II Electronics II is designed to provide the student with enhanced skills and understanding of the electronics industry and changing career opportunities. Course goals are to provide the student with an augmented comprehension of advanced digital circuits and applications based on sound electrical fundamentals. Lab applications and projects are combined with theory based learning to provide the learner with a program which emulates industry standards and practices. II. Course Outline and Objectives UNIT 1: ELECTRONICS SHOP SAFETY (5.1.12.C.1, 5.1.4.D.3, 5.1.P.B.3) Students will: 1. develop a clear understanding of things that conduct electricity 2. understand lab and electrical hazards 3. know the dangers of electricity and how it affects the human body 4. learn how to report lab hazards to school personnel 5. develop a positive attitude about safe environments 6. learn proper use of tools in a safe manner 7. operate test equipment safely and effectively 8. avoid and report obstructions in the lab which can lead to injury 9. identify elements in the lab which can potentially cause injury 10. create and document a personal safety plan 11. know where to access safety standards posted in the lab 12. learn to ask appropriate questions when concerned about safety 13. operate and maintain all lab computers and peripherals efficiently 14. wear hand and eye protection as instructed 15. pass the program safety test with a 100% score UNIT 2: WORK ENVIRONMNETS IN ELECTRONICS (9.2.8.A.1, 9.4.12.O. -
Digital Signals
Technical Information Digital Signals 1 1 bit t Part 1 Fundamentals Technical Information Part 1: Fundamentals Part 2: Self-operated Regulators Part 3: Control Valves Part 4: Communication Part 5: Building Automation Part 6: Process Automation Should you have any further questions or suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact us: SAMSON AG Phone (+49 69) 4 00 94 67 V74 / Schulung Telefax (+49 69) 4 00 97 16 Weismüllerstraße 3 E-Mail: [email protected] D-60314 Frankfurt Internet: http://www.samson.de Part 1 ⋅ L150EN Digital Signals Range of values and discretization . 5 Bits and bytes in hexadecimal notation. 7 Digital encoding of information. 8 Advantages of digital signal processing . 10 High interference immunity. 10 Short-time and permanent storage . 11 Flexible processing . 11 Various transmission options . 11 Transmission of digital signals . 12 Bit-parallel transmission. 12 Bit-serial transmission . 12 Appendix A1: Additional Literature. 14 99/12 ⋅ SAMSON AG CONTENTS 3 Fundamentals ⋅ Digital Signals V74/ DKE ⋅ SAMSON AG 4 Part 1 ⋅ L150EN Digital Signals In electronic signal and information processing and transmission, digital technology is increasingly being used because, in various applications, digi- tal signal transmission has many advantages over analog signal transmis- sion. Numerous and very successful applications of digital technology include the continuously growing number of PCs, the communication net- work ISDN as well as the increasing use of digital control stations (Direct Di- gital Control: DDC). Unlike analog technology which uses continuous signals, digital technology continuous or encodes the information into discrete signal states (Fig. 1). When only two discrete signals states are assigned per digital signal, these signals are termed binary si- gnals. -
Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals Ankita Wagadre Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 7( Version 1), July 2014, pp.30-34 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design & Performance Analysis of DG-MOSFET for Reduction of Short Channel Effect over Bulk MOSFET at 20nm Ankita Wagadre*, Shashank Mane** *(Research scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication, SBITM, Betul-460001) ** (Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication, SBITM, Betul-460001) ABSTRACT An aggressive scaling of conventional MOSFETs channel length reduces below 100nm and gate oxide thickness below 3nm to improved performance and packaging density. Due to this scaling short channel effect (SCEs) like threshold voltage, Subthreshold slope, ON current and OFF current plays a major role in determining the performance of scaled devices. The double gate (DG) MOSFETS are electro-statically superior to a single gate (SG) MOSFET and allows for additional gate length scaling. Simulation work on both devices has been carried out and presented in paper. The comparative study had been carried out for threshold voltage (VT), Subthreshold slope (Sub VT), ION and IOFF Current. It is observed that DG MOSFET provide good control on leakage current over conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. The VT (Threshold Voltage) is 2.7 times greater than & ION of DG MOSFET is 2.2 times smaller than the conventional Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. Keywords - DG MOSFET (Double Gate Metal oxide Field Effect Transistor), Short Channel Effect (SCE), Bulk (Single Gate) MOSFET. -
Digital Electronics Syllabus
Digital Electronics Mrs. Carlson – D102 Pathway to Engineering Project Lead the Way CTE Academy Sioux Falls, SD [email protected] DE Course Description Digital electronics is the foundation of all modern electronic devices such as cellular phones, MP3 players, laptop computers, digital cameras, and high-definition televisions. The major focus of Digital Electronics is to expose students to the design process of combinational and sequential logic design, key elements of careers in engineering. Students design circuits to solve problems, export their designs to a printed circuit auto-routing program that generates printed circuit boards, and use appropriate components to build their designs. DE Expectations Project Lead the Way’s Pathway to Engineering program is a pre-professional program. Participants in this program will be held to the highest academic and behavior standards. Academic expectations include: Preparing for class and having all required materials on hand: pen/pencil, calculator, engineering notebook, 3-ring binder Completing activities and meeting project deadlines Working cooperatively with others Submitting ALL assignments on or before the assigned due date Using the PLTW Learning Management System to review course materials, receive messages and keep track of due dates Behavior expectations include: Being punctual for all class meeting times Maintaining a clean and SAFE working environment Speaking respectfully to others Using all equipment SAFELY and for its intended purpose only Late work policy: -
Chapter 1 Computers and Digital Basics Computer Concepts 2014 1 Your Assignment…
Chapter 1 Computers and Digital Basics Computer Concepts 2014 1 Your assignment… Prepare an answer for your assigned question. Use Chapter 1 in the book and this PowerPoint to procure information. Prepare a PowerPoint presentation to: 1. Show your answer and additional information/facts – make sure you understand and can explain your answer. Provide as must information and detail as possible. Add graphics to enhance. 2. Where in the book did you find your information? Include the page number. 3. What more do you need to find out to help you better understand this question? Be prepared to share your information with the class. Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics 2 1 The Digital Revolution The digital revolution is an ongoing process of social, political, and economic change brought about by digital technology, such as computers and the Internet The technology driving the digital revolution is based on digital electronics and the idea that electrical signals can represent data, such as numbers, words, pictures, and music Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics 6 1 The Digital Revolution Digitization is the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be processed by digital devices The digital revolution has evolved through four phases, beginning with big, expensive, standalone computers, and progressing to today’s digital world in which small, inexpensive digital devices are everywhere Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics 7 1 The Digital Revolution Chapter 1: Computers and Digital Basics -
Lecture 9 Analog and Digital I/Q Modulation
Lecture 9 Analog and Digital I/Q Modulation Analog I/Q Modulation • Time Domain View •Polar View • Frequency Domain View Digital I/Q Modulation • Phase Shift Keying • Constellations 11/4/2006 Coherent Detection Transmitter Output 0 x(t) y(t) π 2cos(2 fot) Receiver Output Lowpass y(t) z(t) r(t) π 2cos(2 fot) • Requires receiver local oscillator to be accurately aligned in phase and frequency to carrier sine wave 11/4/2006 L Lecture 9 Fall 2006 2 Impact of Phase Misalignment in Receiver Local Oscillator Transmitter Output 0 x(t) y(t) π 2cos(2 fot) Receiver Output Output is zero Lowpass y(t) z(t) r(t) π 2sin(2 fot) • Worst case is when receiver LO and carrier frequency are phase shifted 90 degrees with respect to each other 11/4/2006 L Lecture 9 Fall 2006 3 Analog I/Q Modulation Baseband Input iti(t)(t) it (t) t cos 2 f tπ yt (t) 2cos(2( π 0 )f1t) π 2sin(2sin() 2π f0t f1t) qqt(t)(t) t qt (t) • Analog signals take on a continuous range of values (as viewed in the time domain) • I/Q signals are orthogonal and therefore can be transmitted simultaneously and fully recovered 11/4/2006 L Lecture 9 Fall 2006 4 Polar View of Analog I/Q Modulation it (t) = i(t)cos() 2π fot + 0° ii(t(t)t) it (t) qt (t) = q(t)cos() 2π fot + 90° = q(t)sin() 2π fot t cos 2π f tπ y (t) 2cos(2( 0 )f1t) t 2 2 π 2sin(2sin() 2π f0t f1t) yt (t) = i (t) + q (t) cos() 2π fot + θ(t) qq(tt(t)) −1 where θ(t) = tan q(t)/i(t) t qt (t) −180°<θ < 180° 11/4/2006 L Lecture 9 Fall 2006 5 Polar View of Analog I/Q Modulation (Con’t) • Polar View shows amplitude and phase of it(t), qt(t) and yt(t) combined signal for transmission at a given frequency f. -
Introduction (Pdf)
chapter1.fm Page 1 Thursday, August 17, 2000 4:43 PM CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The evolution of digital circuit design n Compelling issues in digital circuit design n How to measure the quality of digital design n Valuable references 1.1 A Historical Perspective 1.2 Issues in Digital Integrated Circuit Design 1.3 Quality Metrics of A Digital Design 1.4 Summary 1.5 To Probe Further 1 chapter1.fm Page 2 Thursday, August 17, 2000 4:43 PM 2 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 1.1A Historical Perspective The concept of digital data manipulation has made a dramatic impact on our society. One has long grown accustomed to the idea of digital computers. Evolving steadily from main- frame and minicomputers, personal and laptop computers have proliferated into daily life. More significant, however, is a continuous trend towards digital solutions in all other areas of electronics. Instrumentation was one of the first noncomputing domains where the potential benefits of digital data manipulation over analog processing were recognized. Other areas such as control were soon to follow. Only recently have we witnessed the con- version of telecommunications and consumer electronics towards the digital format. Increasingly, telephone data is transmitted and processed digitally over both wired and wireless networks. The compact disk has revolutionized the audio world, and digital video is following in its footsteps. The idea of implementing computational engines using an encoded data format is by no means an idea of our times. In the early nineteenth century, Babbage envisioned large- scale mechanical computing devices, called Difference Engines [Swade93]. Although these engines use the decimal number system rather than the binary representation now common in modern electronics, the underlying concepts are very similar. -
A Micro-Programmable Correlator for Real-Time Radar Processing
ALKER: Correlator for radar processing A MICRO-PROGRAMMABLE CORRELATOR FOR REAL-TIME RADAR PROCESSING by Hans-J¢rgen Alker ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LABORATORY (ELAB) Trondheim, NORWAY ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel design of a mul tibi t ·, digital correlator for incoherent scatter radar observations. By utilizing bit-slice microprocessor elements and internal control by microcode instructions, a high-speed arithmetical preprocessor has been developed. Arithmetical and control operations are separated to obtain increased speed performance. The arithmetical part is optimized for complex auto/cross correlation processing and has an effective rate of 24·106 multiplications/sec. Input data has 8-bit accuracy in integer format. The processor includes, at input, a 2-ported buffer memory for storing single/multiple channel inputs. Processing results are temporarily stored in a 4 K word high-speed memory before transferred to a general-purpose computer. Processing speed can be increased by adding up to 3 slave processors thus achieving direct parallel processing. Internal hardware is available for interface with standard CAMAC modules. INTRODUCTION During 1976-79 a feasibility study of a digital, multibit correlator for the EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter) radar system was conducted. The main topics of the study embraced system design and hardware construction of a digital processor which fulfilled the specifications for real-time data process- ing. The result of the study is a prototype construction of a high- speed multiprocessor system under interactive control of the EISCAT radar site computer. Support software for microprogram development, simulation and hardware testing are available for execution on a host computer. The main objectives for constructing a digital processor for the EISCAT system were the ultimate requirements for special purpose data handling algorithms and the real-time processing speed. -
Digital Electronics Part II - Circuits
Digital Electronics Part II - Circuits Dr. I. J. Wassell Gates from Transistors 1 Introduction • Logic circuits are non-linear, consequently we will introduce a graphical technique for analysing such circuits • The construction of an NMOS inverter from an n-channel field effect transistor (FET) is described • CMOS logic is then introduced Solving Non-linear circuits • First of all we need to introduce Ohm’s Law. For a linear component such as a resistor, this states that the voltage across the device is proportional to the current through it, i.e., V = IR • We will apply this concept to a simple circuit consisting of 2 resistors in series connected across an ideal voltage source – known as a potential divider 2 Potential Divider • What is the voltage at point x relative to the the 0V point? I V = V1 +V2 V = IR V = IR R1 V1 1 1 2 2 V x V = IR1 + IR2 = I(R1 + R2 ) R 2 V2 V I = 0V (R1 + R2) V R2 Vx = V2 = R2 = V (R1 + R2 ) R1 + R2 Potential Divider • How can we do this graphically? I So if V = 10V, R1 = 1 Ω and R2 = 2 Ω R V 1 1 V x R2 2 Vx = V =10 = 7.6 V R R + R 1+ 2 2 V2 1 2 0V Current Current through through R2 (2 Ω) R1 (1 Ω) 0V Voltage x= 6.7V Voltage V= 10V across R2 across R1 3 Graphical Approach • Clearly approach works for a linear circuit. • How could we apply this if we have a non- linear device, e.g., a transistor in place of R2? • What we do is substitute the V-I characteristic of the non-linear device in place of the linear characteristic (a straight line due to Ohm’s Law) used previously for R2 Graphical Approach -
Introduction to Digital Electronics by Agner Fog, 2019-10-30
Introduction to Digital Electronics by Agner Fog, 2019-10-30. Contents 1. Number systems ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers ............................................................................ 3 1.2. Conversion from another number system to decimal ............................................................... 4 1.3. Conversion from decimal to another number system ............................................................... 5 1.4. Addition of binary numbers ...................................................................................................... 6 1.5. Signed binary numbers ............................................................................................................ 7 1.6. Binary coded decimal numbers ................................................................................................ 9 1.7. Exercises ............................................................................................................................... 10 2. Boolean algebra .............................................................................................................................. 12 2.1. Laws and rules ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Truth tables ........................................................................................................................... -
2021-22 Senior Worksheet
BROWNSBURG HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR COURSE SELECTION WORKSHEET Students and Parents: To assist you in planning your course selections, please review the Program of Studies. This document can be found on the high school website at https://www.brownsburg.k12.in.us/bhs-scheduling. Please take time to review the BHS policies and procedures and the graduation requirements for Core 40, Academic Honors, and Technical Honors. This form has been created as an aid in selecting courses online for the 2021-2022 school year using your PowerSchool account. Courses with two identifying numbers indicate a full year course (or two semesters). Identifying single numbers indicate a one semester course. A total of 14 semesters should be selected. A. CORE SENIOR REQUIREMENTS Select one (1) box in each of the core areas below. English Social Studies - Economics Credits Course # Course Name Credits Course # Course Name □ 2 157-158 English 12 □ 1 408 Economics □ 2 1651-1652 English Literature & Composition, AP □ 1 422 Microeconomics, AP □ 2 1861-1901 Adv. Eng CC/IT ENGL 111/215 Social Studies - Government Credits Course # Course Name □ 1 407 US Government 1 421 US Government & Politics, AP □ B. CORE SENIOR RECOMMENDED Math Science Credits Course # Course Name Credits Course # Course Name □ 2 215-216 Algebra II □ 2 311-312 Chemistry I □ 2 2171-2172 Algebra II Honors □ 2 3451-3452 Pre-AP Chemistry I Honors □ 2 251-252 Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry □ 2 353-354 Integrated Chemistry-Physics □ 2 2521-2522 Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry Honors AB □ 2 351-352 Advanced Science: Earth Systems □ 2 2543-2544 Pre-Calculus/Trigonometry Honors BC □ 2 315-316 Physics I □ 2 2181-2182 Finite Math (non dual credit) □ 2 3481-3482 Pre-AP Physics I Honors □ 2 239-240 Statistics, AP □ 2 339-340 Anatomy & Physiology □ 2 229-230 Calculus AB, AP □ 2 309-310 Advanced Science: Zoology □ 2 2341-2342 Calculus BC, AP □ 2 361-362 Adv. -
Hardware Design Techniques
HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION 1. Data Converter History 2. Fundamentals of Sampled Data Systems 3. Data Converter Architectures 4. Data Converter Process Technology 5. Testing Data Converters 6. Interfacing to Data Converters 7. Data Converter Support Circuits 8. Data Converter Applications 9. Hardware Design Techniques 9.1 Passive Components 9.2 PC Board Design Issues 9.3 Analog Power Supply Systems 9.4 Overvoltage Protection 9.5 Thermal Management 9.6 EMI/RFI Considerations 9.7 Low Voltage Logic Interfacing 9.8 Breadboarding and Prototyping I. Index ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES 9.1 PASSIVE COMPONENTS CHAPTER 9 HARDWARE DESIGN TECHNIQUES This chapter, one of the longer of those within the book, deals with topics just as important as all of those basic circuits immediately surrounding the data converter, discussed earlier. The chapter deals with various and sundry circuit/system issues which fall under the guise of system hardware design techniques. In this context, the design techniques may be all those support items surrounding a data converter, excluding the data converter itself. This includes issues of passive components, printed circuit design, power supply systems, protection of linear devices against overvoltage and thermal effects, EMI/RFI issues, high speed logic considerations, and finally, simulation, breadboarding and prototyping. Some of these topics aren't directly involved in the actual signal path of a design, but they are every bit as important as choosing the correct device and surrounding circuit values. Remote sensing and signal conditioning is such a vital part of data conversion that a considerable amount of discussion is given to topics such as overvoltage protection, cable driving, shielding, and receiving—where the remote interface is often with op amps and instrumentation amplifiers.