Proto-Trique Syllable Structures
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The Declining Use of Mixtec Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-At
UC San Diego Working Papers Title The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persistence of Memory, Discrimination, and Social Hierarchies of PowerThe Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persis... Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/64p447tc Author Perry, Elizabeth Publication Date 2017-10-18 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Perry The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language 1 The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies CCIS University of California, San Diego The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language Among Oaxacan Migrants and Stay-at-Homes: The Persistence of Memory, Discrimination, and Social Hierarchies of Power Elizabeth Perry University of California, San Diego Working Paper 180 July 2009 Perry The Declining Use of the Mixtec Language 2 Abstract Drawing on binational ethnographic research regarding Mixtec “social memory” of language discrimination and Mixtec perspectives on recent efforts to preserve and revitalize indigenous language use, this study suggests that language discrimination, in both its overt and increasingly concealed forms, has significantly curtailed the use of the Mixtec language. For centuries, the Spanish and Spanish-speaking mestizo (mixed blood) elite oppressed the Mixtec People and their linguistic and cultural practices. These oppressive practices were experienced in Mixtec communities and surrounding urban areas, as well as in domestic and international migrant destinations. In the 1980s, a significant transition occurred in Mexico from indigenismo to a neoliberal multicultural framework. In this transition, discriminatory practices have become increasingly “symbolic,” referring to their assertion in everyday social practices rather than through overt force, obscuring both the perpetrator and the illegitimacy of resulting social hierarchies (Bourdieu, 1991). -
A Dimensional Analysis of the Migration and Health Experiences of Indigenous Oaxacan Women
University of San Diego Digital USD Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2001-03-01 Crossing Myriad Borders: A Dimensional Analysis of the Migration and Health Experiences of Indigenous Oaxacan Women Sharon McGuire PhD, OP, MSN, RN-C University of San Diego Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations Part of the Nursing Commons Digital USD Citation McGuire, Sharon PhD, OP, MSN, RN-C, "Crossing Myriad Borders: A Dimensional Analysis of the Migration and Health Experiences of Indigenous Oaxacan Women" (2001). Dissertations. 297. https://digital.sandiego.edu/dissertations/297 This Dissertation: Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING CROSSING MYRIAD BORDERS: A DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE MIGRATION AND HEALTH EXPERIENCES OF INDIGENOUS OAXACAN WOMEN By Sharon McGuire, OP, MSN, RN-C A dissertation presented to the FACULTY OF THE HAHN SCHOOL OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO In partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING March 2001 Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Hautman, PhD, RN, Chair Diane Hatton, DNSc, RN Kenneth Serbin, PhD Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
Ancient Mexico: the Legacy of the Plumed Serpent
LACMA | Evenings for Educators | April 17, 2012 Ancient Mexico: The Legacy of the Plumed Serpent _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ The greatness of Mexico is that its past is always alive . Mexico exists in the present, its dawn is occurring right now, because it carries with it the wealth 1 of a living past, an unburied memory. —Carlos Fuentes MUCH OF THE HISTORY AND TRADITIONS OF MESOAMERICA, The system of pictographic communication a cultural region encompassing most of Mexico and and its accompanying shared art style was an northern Central America, can be traced through ingenious response to the needs of communities a pictorial language, or writing system, that was whose leaders spoke as many as twelve different introduced around AD 950. By 1300 it had been languages. Beginning in the tenth century, widely adopted throughout Southern Mexico. Southern Mexico was dominated by a confeder- This shared art style and writing system was used acy of city-states (autonomous states consisting to record and preserve the history, genealogy, and of a city and surrounding territories). Largely mythology of the region. It documents systems controlled by the nobility of the Nahua, Mixtec, of trade and migration, royal marriage, wars, and and Zapotec peoples, these city-states claimed records epic stories that continue to be passed on a common heritage. They believed that their through a pictorial and oral tradition today. kingdoms had been founded by the hero Quetzalcoatl, the human incarnation of the This pictorial language was composed of highly Plumed Serpent. They shared a culture, world- conventionalized symbols characterized by an view, and some religious practices but operated almost geometric precision of line. -
Teachers Learning Lucha in Oaxaca, Mexico
FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education Vol. 5, Iss. 2, 2019, pp. 6-27 TRAINED TO RESIST: TEACHERS LEARNING LUCHA IN OAXACA, MEXICO Christian Alejandro Bracho1 University of La Verne, USA Abstract Drawing on ethnographic data and interviews with 17 teacher educators and normal school students in Oaxaca, Mexico, this article examines a particular teaching formation rooted in the concept of lucha, revolutionary struggle. Participants described how, during their four years at a normal school, they learn, rehearse, and internalize a historical set of revolutionary scripts and strategies, as part of a political role they will perform as teachers. The post-1968 generation of teachers in this study recalled learning to fight in the 1970s and 80s, in an era of great opposition to the Mexican government and national union, while the younger generation described learning how to advocate for themselves so that they can create change in their communities. The study demonstrates how teacher training can explicitly cultivate new teachers’ capacities to operate as political actors, in opposition to standardized and apolitical professional models. Keywords: teacher training; activism; resistance; Oaxaca; normal schools In 2006, teachers in Oaxaca, Mexico made international headlines when they led a popular rebellion against the local and federal authorities, in opposition to the violent crackdown of a teachers’ strike over the summer. Dozens of teachers and activists were killed, and hundreds were injured over several months of insurrection. In 2014, 43 student teachers from a teacher training college (i.e., a normal school) were kidnapped and massacred while traveling around Guerrero state in an effort to organize funds for a strike in October, one that would commemorate the Tlatelolco Massacre in Mexico City in 1968. -
Zapotec Empire an Empire Covering 20 000 Sq
1 Zapotec Empire an empire covering 20 000 sq. km. This empire is thought to have included the Cen- ARTHUR A. JOYCE tral Valleys (i.e., the Valleys of Oaxaca, Ejutla, University of Colorado, USA and Miahuatlán) and surrounding areas such as the Cañada de Cuicatlán as well as regions to the east and south extending to the Pacific Archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence coastal lowlands, particularly the lower Río from Oaxaca, Mexico, suggests that Zapo- Verde Valley. These researchers argue that tec-speaking peoples may have formed small Monte Albán’s rulers pursued a strategy of empires during the pre-Hispanic era (Joyce territorial conquest and imperial control 2010). A possible empire was centered on through the use of a large, well-trained, and the Late Formative period (300 BCE–200 CE) hierarchical military that pursued extended city of Monte Albán in the Oaxaca Valley. campaigns and established hilltop outposts, The existence of this empire, however, has garrisons, and fortifications (Redmond and been the focus of a major debate. Stronger Spencer 2006: 383). Evidence that Monte support is available for a coastal Zapotec Albán conquered and directly administered Empire centered on the Late Postclassic outlying regions, however, is largely limited – (1200 1522 CE) city of Tehuantepec. to iconographic interpretations of a series of Debate concerning Late Formative Zapotec carved stones at Monte Albán known as the imperialism is focused on Monte Albán and “Conquest Slabs” and debatable similarities its interactions with surrounding regions. in ceramic styles among these regions (e.g., Monte Albán was founded in c.500 BCE on Marcus and Flannery 1996). -
Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: an Annotated Bibliography
Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography Volume 11 Prosody and Intonation in Non- Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Article 1 Bibliography 2009 Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography Christopher R. Green Indiana University Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/ejab Part of the African History Commons, and the African Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Green, Christopher R. (2009) "Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography," Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography: Vol. 11 , Article 1. https://doi.org/10.17077/1092-9576.1010 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 11 (2009) Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography Christopher R. Green, Indiana University Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Atlantic – Ijoid 4 Volta – Congo North 6 Kwa 15 Kru 19 Dogon 20 Benue – Congo Cross River 21 Defoid 23 Edoid 25 Igboid 27 Jukunoid 28 Mande 28 Reference Materials 33 Author Index 40 Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages Introduction Most linguists are well aware of the fact that data pertaining to languages spoken in Africa are often less readily available than information on languages spoken in Europe and some parts of Asia. This simple fact is one of the first and largest challenges facing Africanist linguists in their pursuit of preliminary data and references on which to base their research. -
Downstep and Recursive Phonological Phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43) Fatima Hamlaoui ZAS, Berlin; University of Toronto Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso ZAS, Berlin
Chapter 9 Downstep and recursive phonological phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43) Fatima Hamlaoui ZAS, Berlin; University of Toronto Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso ZAS, Berlin This paper identifies contexts in which a downstep is realized between consecu- tive H tones in absence of an intervening L tone in Bàsàá (Bantu A43, Cameroon). Based on evidence from simple sentences, we propose that this type of downstep is indicative of recursive prosodic phrasing. In particular, we propose that a down- step occurs between the phonological phrases that are immediately dominated by a maximal phonological phrase (휙max). 1 Introduction In their book on the relation between tone and intonation in African languages, Downing & Rialland (2016) describe the study of downtrends as almost being a field in itself in the field of prosody. In line with the considerable literature on the topic, they offer the following decomposition of downtrends: 1. Declination 2. Downdrift (or ‘automatic downstep’) 3. Downstep (or ‘non-automatic downstep’) 4. Final lowering 5. Register compression/expansion or register lowering/raising Fatima Hamlaoui & Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso. 2019. Downstep and recursive phonological phrases in Bàsàá (Bantu A43). In Emily Clem, Peter Jenks & Hannah Sande (eds.), Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, 155–175. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3367136 Fatima Hamlaoui & Emmanuel-Moselly Makasso In the present paper, which concentrates on Bàsàá, a Narrow Bantu language (A43 in Guthrie’s classification) spoken in the Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon by approx. 300,000 speakers (Lewis et al. 2015), we will first briefly define and discuss declination and downdrift, as the language displays bothphe- nomena. -
Recovering After Childbirth in the Mixtec Highlands (Mexico)
M~DICAMENTSET ALIMENTS :L'APPROCHE ETHNOPHARMACOLOGIQLJE I 99 Recovering after childbirth in the Mixtec highlands (Mexico) KATZ Esther ORSTOM (Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pourle Développement en Coopération) Département MAA (Milieu et Activités Agricoles) 213, rue Lafayette- 75480 PARIS Cedex 10 - FRANCE Fa: 33-1-40351713 RÉSUMÉ Les Indiens du haut pays mixtèque, tout comme d'autres Indiens du Mexique, prennent particulièrement soin des jeunes accouchées. Un certain nombre de travaux portent sur la grossesse et l'accouchement au Mexique, mais le thème du post- partum a été peu étudié en profondeur, bien que les indigknes insistent sur le danger et l'importance des soins à cette période. Dans ce travail, la conception, la grossesse et l'accouchement sont décrits à titre introductif, tandis que les pratiques du post- partum sont analysées en détail : la période de repos de 20 ou 40 jours, le régime alimentaire particulier, l'abstinence sexuelle, les diverses précautions et prohibitions, les soins corporels, les tisanes, les bains de plantes et surtout, le bain de vapeur, à fonction à la fois thérapeutique et rituelle. L'article posele problème de l'analyse des données touchant aux pratiques corpo- relles féminines, difficilement verbalisées. Il amorce également une comparaison avec les pratiques des pays industrialisés occidentaux et suggère de puiser dans les pratiques et les connaissances des sociétés dites << traditionnelles >> pour remédier aux dépressions post-partum. INTRODUCTION 1973;ALVAREZ JEYLlENREICH, 1976; COMINSKY, 1976 1982; QUEZADA 1977;RITA, 1979;L6PEZAUSTIN, Like most of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, the Mixtec AND 1980; GARCfARUIZANDPETRICH, 1983; IRETON, 1987; Indians view pregnancyas a disease. -
Running Head: Structural Violence Against Indigenous Oaxacans: a Transnational 1 Phenomenon
Running head: Structural Violence Against Indigenous Oaxacans: A Transnational 1 Phenomenon Structural Violence Against Indigenous Oaxacans: A Transnational Phenomenon Andrew Tarbox Submission for Social Sciences Structural Violence Against Indigenous Oaxacans: A Transnational Phenomenon 2 Structural violence refers to the “social arrangements that systematically bring subordinated and disadvantaged groups into harm’s way and put them at risk for various forms of suffering” (Benson, 2008, p. 590). In the agricultural labor sector in the United States, structural violence takes the form of “deplorable wages and endemic poverty, forms of stigma and racism, occupational health and safety hazards, poor health” (Benson, 2008, p. 591). This system of structural violence began to develop in the agricultural sector in the nineteenth century. Before the nineteenth century, “the living and working conditions faced by farmworkers were not markedly different from those of industrial workers” (Thompson & Wiggins, 2002, p. 140). However, continuing into the twentieth century and especially through the New Deal reforms, the same degree of protection toward industrial workers did not extend to workers in the agricultural sector (Thompson & Wiggins, 2002). The lack of regulation in the agricultural sector has persisted. In addition, the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) sparked the flight of about 400,000 Mexican immigrants to the United States between 2000-2005 because American farmers were given large subsidies and could export agricultural goods cheaply; Mexican famers migrated to the United States because it became difficult to earn wages in Mexico from exports to the United States (Delgado-Wise & Márquez Covarrubias, 2007). Indigenous Mexicans, especially from the state of Oaxaca, made up a large proportion of those who fled. -
Part 1: Introduction to The
PREVIEW OF THE IPA HANDBOOK Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet PARTI Introduction to the IPA 1. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet? The aim of the International Phonetic Association is to promote the scientific study of phonetics and the various practical applications of that science. For both these it is necessary to have a consistent way of representing the sounds of language in written form. From its foundation in 1886 the Association has been concerned to develop a system of notation which would be convenient to use, but comprehensive enough to cope with the wide variety of sounds found in the languages of the world; and to encourage the use of thjs notation as widely as possible among those concerned with language. The system is generally known as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Both the Association and its Alphabet are widely referred to by the abbreviation IPA, but here 'IPA' will be used only for the Alphabet. The IPA is based on the Roman alphabet, which has the advantage of being widely familiar, but also includes letters and additional symbols from a variety of other sources. These additions are necessary because the variety of sounds in languages is much greater than the number of letters in the Roman alphabet. The use of sequences of phonetic symbols to represent speech is known as transcription. The IPA can be used for many different purposes. For instance, it can be used as a way to show pronunciation in a dictionary, to record a language in linguistic fieldwork, to form the basis of a writing system for a language, or to annotate acoustic and other displays in the analysis of speech. -
(ELDP) APPLICATION for a Major Documentation Project
ENDANGERED LANGUAGES DOCUMENTATION PROGRAMME (ELDP) APPLICATION FOR A Major Documentation Project Read the Guidelines carefully in planning your proposal, and the Terms & Conditions of Award before completing and submitting an application. The application form must be completed in English. Late or incomplete applications will not be considered. Submit one original hard copy with signatures which should be single-sided and unbound and submit an electronic copy. The electronic and paper copies of the application must be identical in content (except that signatures are not required in the electronic copy). Only material specifically requested in the application should be sent. The original hard copy to be submitted by the deadline to: ELDP Grants Coordinator Endangered Languages Documentation Programme School of Oriental and African Studies 10 Thornhaugh Street London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom The electronic version must be a single file in MS Word or pdf format (multiple files are not accepted) and must be emailed by the deadline to [email protected] All copies must arrive by 3rd August 2009 You should only send the information requested in the application form. If you are successful in receiving a grant you will be asked to provide the following: • evidence that the relevant permissions and visas have been secured (if required) • any other information required by the panel after assessment • an assurance that an indication of support from the language community will be provided once the project has begun • evidence of institutional pay scales used to calculate salary costs - 1 - v0901 APPLICATION FOR A Major Documentation Project Grant Ref Number: MDP Q1 Applicant details First Name Jonathan Title Dr. -
A Cross-Cultural Study of Leisure Among Mexicans in the State of Guerrero, Mexico and Mexican Immigrants from Guerrero in the United States
A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF LEISURE AMONG MEXICANS IN THE STATE OF GUERRERO, MEXICO AND MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS FROM GUERRERO IN THE UNITED STATES BY JUAN C. ACEVEDO THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Recreation, Sport & Tourism in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Professor Monika Stodolska ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to (a) Examine the existence and the understanding of the concept of leisure among Mexicans from the state of Guerrero, Mexico and among Mexican immigrants from Guerrero, residing in Chicago, IL with specific emphasis on age, gender, and marital status; (b) Identify forces that shape the experience of leisure among Mexicans from the state of Guerrero and among Mexican immigrants from the state of Guerrero, residing in Chicago, IL; and (c) Identify changes in the understanding of the concept and the meaning of leisure, and in leisure behavior among Mexicans from Guerrero caused by immigration to the United States. In order to collect data for this study, 14 interviews with adult residents of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico and 10 interviews with adult first generation immigrants from Guerrero to Chicago, Illinois were conducted in 2008 and 2009. The findings of the study revealed that the understanding and the meaning of leisure, tiempo libre, among this population was largely similar to the Western notion of leisure, as it was considered to be a subset of time, free from obligations and compulsory activities. Leisure was also considered a state of being where the individual is free to participate in the activity, desires to participate in the activity, and strives to obtain positive outcomes from participation.