Di Bernardino Baldi
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Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance: Reception, Legacy, Transformation
Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance History of Science and Medicine Library VOLUME 45 Medieval and Early Modern Science Editors J.M.M.H. Thijssen (Radboud University Nijmegen) C.H. Lüthy (Radboud University Nijmegen) P.J.J.M. Bakker (Radboud University Nijmegen) Editorial Consultants Joël Biard (University of Tours) Simo Knuuttila (University of Helsinki) Jürgen Renn (Max-Planck-Institute for the History of Science) Theo Verbeek (University of Utrecht) VOLUME 23 The titles published in this series are listed at http://www.brill.com/hsml Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance Reception, Legacy, Transformation By Pietro Daniel Omodeo LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Sebastian Münster’s Universal Map with the Earth in rotation about its axis. Courtesy of the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology at the Smithsonian Institution Libraries (Washington, DC, USA). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Omodeo, Pietro Daniel, author. Copernicus in the cultural debates of the Renaissance reception, legacy, transformation / by Pietro Daniel Omodeo. pages cm. — (History of science and medicine library ; volume 45) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-25178-6 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-25450-3 (e-book) 1. Science, Renaissance. 2. Science—History—16th century. 3. Copernicus, Nicolaus, 1473–1543—Influence. I. Title. Q125.2.O46 2014 509.4’09031—dc23 2014014052 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. -
Edition Open Sources Sources 11
Edition Open Sources Sources 11 Pietro Daniel Omodeo and Jürgen Renn: Introduction In: Pietro Daniel Omodeo and Jürgen Renn (ed.): Science in Court Society : Giovan Bat- tista Benedetti’s Diversarum speculationum mathematicarum et physicarum liber (Turin, 1585) Online version at http://edition-open-sources.org/sources/11/ ISBN 978-3-945561-16-4 First published 2019 by Edition Open Access, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 Germany Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/ Printed and distributed by: PRO BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH, Berlin http://www.book-on-demand.de/node/25750 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; de- tailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Introduction Giovanni Battista Benedetti is today a lesser known figure in the history of early modern science. This relative oblivion is in striking contrast to the fame he enjoyed during his lifetime as a prominent mathematician and mathematical philosopher of Venetian origin and reputable courtier to the Savoy dukes in Turin. Among his admirers, the astronomer Johannes Kepler regarded him as one of the few Italians to significantly contribute to the advancement of mathematics in his time: “The Italians are asleep with the sole ex- ceptions of Commandino and Giovanni Battista Benedetti. And in fact, Clavius is Ger- man.”1 For his part, the mathematician of the Collegio Romano, Christopher Clavius, extolled Benedetti’s scientific merits in the 1589 edition of his reputed commentary of Euclid, Euclidis Elementorum Lib[ri] XV. -
Guidobaldo Dal Monte and the Archimedean Revival
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Federico Barocci and the Science of Drawing in Early Modern Italy
Chapter 1 Urbino’s Mathematical Humanism and the Reduction Compass Barocci’s development of new artistic methods did not arise merely from a particularly sensitive response to the climate of the Counter-Reformation; rather, Barocci had certain distinct cultural and technological advantages over his peers. A degree of provincial isolation afforded by Urbino preserved techniques from the High Renaissance, particularly the use of life and extensive preparatory drawings, which fell into relative disuse in the cosmopolitan capital of Rome, and later Florence. Nonetheless, the riches of the local mathematical and scientific culture of Urbino are important to note, especially the influence of a number of prominent scholars with documented contact with Barocci and his family. Of course, “science” as an organized practice did not exist in Barocci’s time.44 If the Counter-Reformation led to a demand for control and re-elevation of the work of a painter, Barocci’s response was richly informed by concrete influences in his hometown of Urbino, where he came of age, and to which he later permanently returned after a few important early years in Rome. One need only glimpse the view of Urbino’s ducal palace in the background of so many of Barocci’s paintings to sense the artist’s pride in his city. However, by looking more carefully, we can better understand the ways in which the culture of Urbino impressed itself upon Barocci. Artful Mathematics, Mathematical Arts Urbino was a center of advanced natural philosophy in Barocci's time.45 A number of thinkers of world-wide importance worked there, for the Dukes and their voracious appetite for knowledge secured a hospitable environment for numerous mathematicians. -
Guidobaldo Del Monte: Galileo’S Patron, Mentor and Friend
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Proceedings 4 William R. Shea: Guidobaldo del Monte: Galileo’s Patron, Mentor and Friend In: Antonio Becchi, Domenico Bertoloni Meli and Enrico Gamba (eds.): Guidobaldo del Monte (1545–1607) : Theory and Practice of the Mathematical Disciplines from Urbino to Europe Online version at http://edition-open-access.de/proceedings/4/ ISBN 9783844242836 First published 2013 by Edition Open Access, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 Germany Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/ Printed and distributed by: Neopubli GmbH, Berlin http://www.epubli.de/shop/buch/27498 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Chapter 4 Guidobaldo del Monte: Galileo’s Patron, Mentor and Friend William R. Shea 4.1 Introduction There was a time when everyone in the scientific community knew who Guidobaldo del Monte was and no one had heard of Galileo. This is not meant as a trivial comment on the fact that when Galileo was born in 1564, Guidobaldo was already nineteen years old and was about to matriculate at the University of Padua where Galileo was later to arrive in 1592. The point is that when Guidobaldo met Galileo in 1588, he was a prominent if not the leading scientist in Italy whereas Galileo was an unemployed drop-out from the University of Pisa.1 Meeting Guidobaldo and corresponding with him was a decisive event in Galileo’s life as we shall see.