DOCSLIB.ORG

Omics in Weed Science: a Perspective from Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Cambridge.Org/Wsc Metabolomics Approaches

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Omics in Weed Science: a Perspective from Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Cambridge.Org/Wsc Metabolomics Approaches Weed Science Omics in Weed Science: A Perspective from Genomics, Transcriptomics, and cambridge.org/wsc Metabolomics Approaches 1 2 3 4 Review Amith S. Maroli , Todd A. Gaines , Michael E. Foley , Stephen O. Duke , Münevver Doğramacı5, James V. Anderson6, David P. Horvath7, Wun S. Chao8 Cite this article: Maroli AS, Gaines TA, 9 Foley ME, Duke SO, Doğramacı M, Anderson and Nishanth Tharayil JV, Horvath DP, Chao WS, Tharayil N (2017) Omics in Weed Science: A Perspective from 1Postdoctoral Fellow (ORCID: 0000-0002-0647-0316), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson Genomics, Transcriptomics, and University, Clemson, SC, USA; current: Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson Metabolomics Approaches. Weed Sci 66: University, Anderson, SC, USA, 2Assistant Professor (ORCID: 0000-0003-1485-7665), Department of 681–695. doi: 10.1017/wsc.2018.33 Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 3Plant Received: 8 February 2018 Physiologist, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, USDA- 4 Revised: 5 May 2018 Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA, Research Leader (ORCID: 0000-0001-7210-5168), Natural Accepted: 10 May 2018 Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University, MS, USA, 5Research Molecular Biologist (ORCID: 0000-0002-1412-8174), Red River Valley Key words: Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dormancy; herbicide resistance; integrated Fargo, ND, USA; current: University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Internal Medicine omics; natural products; omics techniques; Department, Sioux Falls, SD, USA, 6Research Chemist (ORCID: 0000-0002-1801-5767), Red River Valley phytotoxins; QTL mapping; RNA-Seq; systems biology Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA, 7Research Plant Physiologist (ORCID: 0000-0002-8458-7691), Red River Valley Agricultural Author for correspondence: Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, Nishanth Tharayil, Department of Plant and ND, USA, 8Research Molecular Geneticist, Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, Sunflower and Plant Environmental Sciences, 105 Collings Street, Biology Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Fargo, ND, USA and 9Associate Professor Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6866-0804), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, (Email: [email protected]) Clemson, SC, USA Abstract Modern high-throughput molecular and analytical tools offer exciting opportunities to gain a mechanistic understanding of unique traits of weeds. During the past decade, tremendous progress has been made within the weed science discipline using genomic techniques to gain deeper insights into weedy traits such as invasiveness, hybridization, and herbicide resistance. Though the adoption of newer “omics” techniques such as proteomics, metabolomics, and physionomics has been slow, applications of these omics platforms to study plants, especially agriculturally important crops and weeds, have been increasing over the years. In weed science, these platforms are now used more frequently to understand mechanisms of herbicide resistance, weed resistance evolution, and crop–weed interactions. Use of these techniques could help weed scientists to further reduce the knowledge gaps in understanding weedy traits. Although these techniques can provide robust insights about the molecular functioning of plants, employing a single omics platform can rarely elucidate the gene-level regulation and the associated real-time expression of weedy traits due to the complex and overlapping nature of biological interactions. Therefore, it is desirable to integrate the different omics technologies to give a better understanding of molecular functioning of biological systems. This multidimensional integrated approach can therefore offer new avenues for better understanding of questions of interest to weed scientists. This review offers a retrospective and prospective examination of omics platforms employed to investigate weed physiology and novel approaches and new technologies that can provide holistic and © Weed Science Society of America, 2018. This knowledge-based weed management strategies for future. is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is Introduction unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press The identities of all organisms are embedded in their genes, which are often influenced by must be obtained for commercial re-use or in developmental and environmental cues. Sequential and temporal decoding of these genes order to create a derivative work. confers physiological distinctiveness to each individual (Anderson 2008). In the last two decades, the term “omics” has been suffixed with several fields of study in biology (Brunetti et al. 2018). Recent advances in high-throughput functional omics technologies (Table 1) have facilitated an understanding of the various molecular–environmental interactions that regulate biological systems (Kitano 2002). The use of omics techniques to study various biological aspects would provide greater opportunities to dissect the molecular and physiological Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.234, on 25 Sep 2021 at 19:06:57, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2018.33 682 Maroli et al.: Omics in weed science Table 1. Examples of applications of omics approaches in plant systems biology research. Systems biology Biological entity approach Function Major drawbacks Selected references Nucleic acids Genomics Quantitates the sequence and structures Complexity due to repeated Basu et al. 2004; Bevan and (DNA and RNA) of all genes sequences, polyploidy, mutations, Walsh 2005; Kreiner no direct access to expression level et al. 2018 Epigenomics Studies epigenetic modifications of Kohler and Springer 2017; genome Zhang 2008 Metagenomics Studies complete microbial communities Faure et al. 2011; directly in their natural environments Roossinck 2015 Transcriptomics Quantitates messenger RNA (mRNA) Posttranscriptional modifications, Giacomini et al. 2018 transcript levels false positives, prone to rapid degradation Proteins Proteomics Quantifies protein abundance Time-consuming, lack of reference Jorrín-Novo et al. 2009; Yang databases, low expression level of et al. 2017 regulator proteins Secretomics Studies proteins secreted into the Tanveer et al. 2014; Yadav extracellular space (constitutive or et al. 2015a; Agrawal et al. induced) 2010 Phosphoproteomics Characterizes proteins containing Perazzolli et al. 2016; Nuhse phosphates et al. 2004; van Bentem and Hirt 2007 Glycoproteomics Characterizes proteins containing Kumar et al. 2013; Thaysen- carbohydrates Andersen and Packer 2014 Low-molecular- Metabolomics Measures the abundance of small cellular Chemically complex, huge diversity, De Vos et al. 2007; Miyagi weight metabolites lack of reference databases, et al. 2010 molecules dynamic and fleetingly stable (metabolites) Lipidomics Systems-level analysis of lipids and factors Narayanan et al. 2016; Welti that interact with lipids et al. 2007 Glycomics Study of entire complement of sugars and Pedersen et al. 2012; Yadav sugar associated macromolecules et al. 2015b Phytochemomics Studies the structures and mechanism of Amigo-Benavent et al. 2014; action of the phytochemicals and natural del Castillo et al. 2013 products Cellular Interactomics Resolves the whole set of molecular Complex, difficult to reproduce, Braun et al. 2013; Morsy components and interactions very sensitive to environmental et al. 2008 regulators fluctuations Fluxomics Studies the molecular and cellular changes Heinzle et al. 2007; Niittylae of biochemical traits within a cell over et al. 2009 time Phenomics Measures the expression of the genomic and Finkel 2009; Großkinsky biochemical traits in response to a given et al. 2015 environment Physionomics Describes the physiological profile of the Grossmann et al. 2012a; organism Szechyńska-Hebda et al. 2015 mechanisms in developing resilient phenotypes. Among the var- traditional techniques to depict a precise picture of the entire ious omics platforms, functional genomics has seen rapid pro- cellular process. gress, resulting in a growing number of sequenced plant genomes. Omics approaches in weeds science have been gaining This has facilitated the development of plants selected for specific momentum over the past decade. As with other domains, the agronomic traits and biological processes (Kantar et al. 2017; number of studies using genomic approaches to investigate weed Nelson et al. 2018). The traditional giants of omics platforms biology and physiology has increased over the years (Basu et al. encompass genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics (Palsson 2004; Chao et al. 2005; Guo et al. 2017; He et al. 2017; Kreiner 2002; Rochfort 2005). While genomics aims to understand
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded to the User’S Computer in a Variety of Formats
    Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 6561-6581; doi:10.3390/ijms13066561 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Review State of the Art in Silico Tools for the Study of Signaling Pathways in Cancer Vanessa Medina Villaamil 1,*, Guadalupe Aparicio Gallego 1, Isabel Santamarina Cainzos 1, Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes 1,3 and Luis M. Antón Aparicio 2,3 1 Biomedical Research Institute (INIBIC), CHU A Coruña, Xubias de Abaixo s/n, PC 15006, A Coruña, Spain; E-Mails: [email protected] (G.A.G.); [email protected] (I.S.C.); [email protected] (M.V.-A.) 2 University of A Coruña (UDC), PC 15006, A Coruña, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Medical Oncology Department, CHU A Coruña, PC 15006, A Coruña, Spain * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-981-178-272; Fax: +34-981-178-273. Received: 27 March 2012; in revised form: 3 May 2012 / Accepted: 10 May 2012 / Published: 29 May 2012 Abstract: In the last several years, researchers have exhibited an intense interest in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that have crucial roles during embryonic development. Interestingly, the malfunctioning of these signaling pathways leads to several human diseases, including cancer. The chemical and biophysical events that occur during cellular signaling, as well as the number of interactions within a signaling pathway, make these systems complex to study. In silico resources are tools used to aid the understanding of cellular signaling pathways.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Metabolic Inhibitors on the Translocation of Auxins
    EFFECTS OF METABOLIC INHIBITORS ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF AUXINS By DAMELIS DIAZ DE CEQUEA q Licenciado in Biology Universidad of Oriente Cumana, Venezuela 1976 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 1986 -rkto~~~ I 1:{ (; 0 5'/Je Cop " EFFECTS OF METABOLIC INHIBITORS ON THE TRANSLOCATION OF AUXINS Thesis Approved: 1251232 ~ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my most sincere gratitude to Dr. Eddie Basler for his guidance, time and training during the course of this research. I wish to thank Dr. Glenn W. Todd and Dr. Becky Johnson for being members of my graduate committee. I also want to thank Jean Pittman Winters, Trina Wheless, and Roberto Machado for their valuable help received during experiment preparations, and Bobby Winters for his time dedicated to preparing some of the computer programs. Special acknowledgement is due to my husband Hernan, my son Hernan Alejandro, and my family for their constant love and support during my graduate career, without them I would not have been able to achieve this goal. I want to express my gratitude to Dr. John Vitek, Assistant Dean of the Graduate Collage, and Dr. Glenn Todd, Botany Department Head, for giving me the opportunity to study in this University. Finally, I want to recognize the financial support received from Universidad de Oriente Cumana, Venezuela during my time in the U.S.A. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION. • . • • . • 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................... 8 III. RESULTS ..•....•.................................•..........• 11 Comparison of the Effect of DCCD and1RIDS on the Tray~location of 2,4,5-T-1- C and IAA -1- C.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees
    Selecting juglone-tolerant plants Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) can be very attractive in the home landscape when grown as shade trees, reaching a potential height of 100 feet. The walnuts they produce are a food source for squirrels, other wildlife and people as well. However, whether a black walnut tree already exists on your property or you are considering planting one, be aware that black walnuts produce juglone. This is a natural but toxic chemical they produce to reduce competition for resources from other plants. This natural self-defense mechanism can be harmful to nearby plants causing “walnut wilt.” Having a walnut tree in your landscape, however, certainly does not mean the landscape will be barren. Not all plants are sensitive to juglone. Many trees, vines, shrubs, ground covers, annuals and perennials will grow and even thrive in close proximity to a walnut tree. Production and Effect of Juglone Toxicity Juglone, which occurs in all parts of the black walnut tree, can affect other plants by several means: Stems Through root contact Leaves Through leakage or decay in the soil Through falling and decaying leaves When rain leaches and drips juglone from leaves Nuts and hulls and branches onto plants below. Juglone is most concentrated in the buds, nut hulls and All parts of the black walnut tree produce roots and, to a lesser degree, in leaves and stems. Plants toxic juglone to varying degrees. located beneath the canopy of walnut trees are most at risk. In general, the toxic zone around a mature walnut tree is within 50 to 60 feet of the trunk, but can extend to 80 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • Link to the Report
    DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of a workshop sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Copyrights to portions of this report (including graphics) are reserved by original copyright holders or their assignees, and are used by the Government’s license and by permission. Requests to use any images must be made to the provider identified in the image credits. On the cover: Argonne National Laboratory’s IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer Inset visualization of ALG13 courtesy of David Baker, University of Washington AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Sponsors and representatives Susan Gregurick, DOE/Office of Biological and Environmental Science Daniel Drell, DOE/Office of Biological and Environmental Science Christine Chalk, DOE/Office of Advanced Scientific
    [Show full text]
  • Black Walnut Toxicity
    General Horticulture • HO-193-W Department of Horticulture Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service • West Lafayette, IN BLACK WALNUT TOXICITY Michael N. Dana and B. Rosie Lerner Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is a valuable hardwood to be a respiration inhibitor which deprives sensitive lumber tree and Indiana native. In the home landscape, plants of needed energy for metabolic activity. black walnut is grown as a shade tree and, occasionally, for its edible nuts. While many plants grow well in The largest concentrations of juglone and hydrojuglone proximity to black walnut, there are certain plant species (converted to juglone by sensitive plants) occur in the whose growth is hindered by this tree. The type of walnut’s buds, nut hulls, and roots. However, leaves and relationship between plants in which one produces a stems do contain a smaller quantity. Juglone is only substance which affects the growth of another is know poorly soluble in water and thus does not move very far as “allelopathy.” in the soil. Awareness of black walnut toxicity dates back at least to Since small amounts of juglone are released by live Roman times, when Pliny noted a poisoning effect of roots, particularly juglone-sensitive plants may show walnut trees on “all” plants. More recent research has toxicity symptoms anywhere within the area of root determined the specific chemical involved and its mode growth of a black walnut tree. However, greater quanti­ of action. Many plants have been classified through ties of juglone are generally present in the area immedi­ observation as either sensitive or tolerant to black ately under the canopy of a black walnut tree, due to walnuts.
    [Show full text]
  • Health of Physiology the Physiological Society and Are Registered in the UK and in the EU Respectively
    The Physiological Society is a company limited by guarantee. Registered in England and Wales, No. 323575. Registered Office: Hodgkin Huxley House, 30 Farringdon Lane, London EC1R 3AW, UK. Registered Charity No. 211585. ‘The Physiological Society’ and the Physiological Society logo are trademarks belonging to Health of Physiology The Physiological Society and are registered in the UK and in the EU respectively. Health of Physiology Health of Physiology Contents 1. President’s Foreword 3 2. Executive summary Key findings 4 Recommendations 5 3. Introduction What is physiology? 6 The importance of physiology 7 The growth and fragmentation of physiology 7 4. UK life science policy Government actions 11 Current situation and future measures 12 5. The skills pipeline School 14 University 15 6. Academic output Published research 22 Research funding 24 Animal research 25 7. Diversity in physiology Diversity among physiologists 28 The Physiological Society 30 8. Conclusions and future direction The skills pipeline 32 Physiology research 34 Diversity in physiology 35 Visibility of physiology 36 9. Appendices Appendix I: Membership of steering group 38 Appendix II: Review methodology 39 Appendix III: Stakeholder meetings 40 Appendix IV: Universities responding to practical provision survey 42 President's Foreword This review addresses the question: How healthy is the discipline of physiology? Is physiology in 2016 now in a similar position to anatomy, which has largely run its course as a research discipline and has seen its departments closed, becoming
    [Show full text]
  • Omics Methods for Probing the Mode of Action of Natural and Synthetic Phytotoxins
    J Chem Ecol DOI 10.1007/s10886-013-0240-0 REVIEW ARTICLE Omics Methods for Probing the Mode of Action of Natural and Synthetic Phytotoxins Stephen O. Duke & Joanna Bajsa & Zhiqiang Pan Received: 31 October 2012 /Revised: 20 December 2012 /Accepted: 31 December 2012 # The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract For a little over a decade, omics methods (tran- Introduction scriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and physionomics) have been used to discover and probe the mode of action of Understanding the modes of action of natural compounds as both synthetic and natural phytotoxins. For mode of action toxicants is important for at least two reasons. From an eco- discovery, the strategy for each of these approaches is to logical and evolutionary standpoint, knowing the mode of generate an omics profile for phytotoxins with known mo- action of such compounds is critical to understanding the lecular targets and to compare this library of responses to the function of the compound in nature. For example, the high responses of compounds with unknown modes of action. activity of phytotoxins from plant pathogens on specific mo- Using more than one omics approach enhances the proba- lecular targets found in green plants, but not in fungi, provides bility of success. Generally, compounds with the same mode strong evidence that the compounds have evolved as virulence of action generate similar responses with a particular omics factors for the pathogens (Duke and Dayan, 2011). From a method. Stress and detoxification responses to phytotoxins more practical standpoint, natural compounds often have been can be much clearer than effects directly related to the target the source of pesticides with new modes of action (Dayan et site.
    [Show full text]
  • Induction of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Juglone Affects the Development of Bovine Oocytes
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Induction of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Juglone Affects the Development of Bovine Oocytes Ahmed Atef Mesalam 1,2,†, Marwa El-Sheikh 1,3,†, Myeong-Don Joo 1, Atif Ali Khan Khalil 4 , Ayman Mesalam 5 , Mi-Jeong Ahn 6 and Il-Keun Kong 1,7,8,* 1 Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; [email protected] (A.A.M.); [email protected] (M.E.-S.); [email protected] (M.-D.J.) 2 Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt 3 Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; [email protected] 5 Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; [email protected] 6 College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; [email protected] 7 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea 8 Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Juglone, a major naphthalenedione component of walnut trees, has long been used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. Nonetheless, its impact on oocyte and preimplantation embryo development has not been entirely clarified. Using the bovine model, we sought to elucidate the impact of juglone treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes Citation: Mesalam, A.A.; El-Sheikh, on their maturation and development of embryos.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Technology Roadmaps TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems
    NASA Technology Roadmaps TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems May 2015 Draft 2015 NASA Technology Roadmaps DRAFT TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems Foreword NASA is leading the way with a balanced program of space exploration, aeronautics, and science research. Success in executing NASA’s ambitious aeronautics activities and space missions requires solutions to difficult technical challenges that build on proven capabilities and require the development of new capabilities. These new capabilities arise from the development of novel cutting-edge technologies. The promising new technology candidates that will help NASA achieve our extraordinary missions are identified in our Technology Roadmaps. The roadmaps are a set of documents that consider a wide range of needed technology candidates and development pathways for the next 20 years. The roadmaps are a foundational element of the Strategic Technology Investment Plan (STIP), an actionable plan that lays out the strategy for developing those technologies essential to the pursuit of NASA’s mission and achievement of National goals. The STIP provides prioritization of the technology candidates within the roadmaps and guiding principles for technology investment. The recommendations provided by the National Research Council heavily influence NASA’s technology prioritization. NASA’s technology investments are tracked and analyzed in TechPort, a web-based software system that serves as NASA’s integrated technology data source and decision support tool. Together, the roadmaps, the STIP, and TechPort provide NASA the ability to manage the technology portfolio in a new way, aligning mission directorate technology investments to minimize duplication, and lower cost while providing critical capabilities that support missions, commercial industry, and longer-term National needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Sequencing: Then & Now
    “Aint you got an ‘ome to go to?” Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics Physiomics toxicogenomics pharmacogenomics ecotoxicopharmacogenomics phosphatome, glycome, secretome metronome, mobilome, gardenome, etc… http://omics.org/index.php/Alphabetically_ordered_list_of_omes_and_omics --A-- Alignmentome: conceived before 2003. The whole set of Bacteriome: an organelle of bacteria. (Bacteriome.org). Also Carbome: BiO center. 2003. The whole set of carbone multiple sequence and structure alignments in the totality of baterial genes and proteins. based living organisms in the universe. (Carbome.org) bioinformatics. Alignments are the most important Bacterome: The totality of (Bacterome.org) Carbomics: BiO center. 2003. (Carbomics.org) representation in bioinformatics especially for homology and Behaviorome: The totality of (Behaviorome.org) Cardiogenomics: The omics approach research of evolution study. (Alignmentome.org) Behavioromics: The omics approach research of Cardiogenome (Cardiogenomics.org) in biology Alignmentomics: conceived before 2003. The study of Behavioromics (Behavioromics.org) in biology Cellome: concept is derived from the understanding that aligning strings and sequences especially in bioinformatics. Behaviourome: The totality of (Behaviourome.org) cells as a whole can be used for therapeutic purposes. As an (Alignmentomics.org) Behaviouromics: The omics approach research of important bioresource, cells are kept for biotechnology. As Alignome: 2003 . The whole set of string alignment Behaviouromics (Behaviouromics.org) in biology a distinct group concept, cellome refers to such cells and algorithms such as FASTA, BLAST and HMMER. Bibliome: 1999. EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute). their genetic materials. (Cellome.org) (Alignome.org) The whole of biological science and technology literature. Cellomics: The study of Cellome. Cellomics is also a Alignomics: The omics approach research of Alignomics Within bibliome, each word and context is interconnected company name Cellomics, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomics from the Perspective of the Laboratory Mouse
    Comparative Medicine Vol 52, No 3 Copyright 2002 June 2002 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science Pages 206-223 Overview “Muromics”: Genomics from the Perspective of the Laboratory Mouse Stephen W. Barthold, DVM, PhD The laboratory mouse has emerged as the preeminent model though mice are genetically well characterized, they also add an system for mammalian genomics research, and it continues its additional depth of complexity because of their genetic back- importance as a valuable model system for hypothesis-driven re- ground. By various counts, there are approximately 3,000 inbred, search. As scientific enterprise moves from the genomics era to the congenic, coisogenic, consomic, recombinant inbred, mutant, and post-genomics era, a rich lexicon of “-omics” has arisen, including other strains of mice. Genetically altered mice are swelling these phenomics, physiomics, proteomics, glycomics, dramanomics, numbers to unprecedented levels. The following overview illus- metabolomics, pharmacogenomics, and toxicogenomics. What is trates how the inherent value of these incredibly powerful re- missing is “muromics,” a rhetorical term used here to emphasize search models is diluted by genetic mismanagement or naivete. the focus of this review: understanding genomics and phenomics in the context of the complex biology of the laboratory mouse (the What is a laboratory mouse? murome). A proper definition of the modern laboratory mouse requires The inbred nature of laboratory mice is their greatest quality, an understanding of its history and origins. What is known as allowing control of important genetic variables and precise in- the laboratory mouse evolved at the beginning of the past cen- vestigation of specific gene alterations or gene function.
    [Show full text]