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Teotihuacan Posters.Pdf Standing Figures Figuras erguidas Material: greenstone Material: jade Location: Tunnel of the Feathered Serpent Pyramid Ubicación: Túnel de la Pirámide de la Serpiente Emplumada Looking Closely: Fíjate bien: These figures were found in a tunnel under the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. The Estas figuras fueron halladas en un túnel debajo de la Pirámide de la Serpiente Em- single sculpture is a woman: notice her skirt, small cape (quechquemitl), the delicate plumada. La figura que está sola representa a una mujer: fíjate en su falda, su capa patterns adorning her clothing, and the cap on her head. It was accompanied by three corta (quechquémitl), los delicados patrones que adornan su ropa, y el gorro en su other human sculptures, all found facing toward the center of the chamber as seen cabeza. Fue hallada junto con otras tres esculturas de forma humana, todas de cara in the picture. All of their eyes and mouths are open, as if they were alive. Archaeolo- hacia el centro de la cámara, como se ve en la foto. Todas tienen los ojos y la boca gists hypothesize that the placement of these objects might be of significance. abiertos, como si estuvieran vivas. Los arqueólogos piensan que la colocación exacta de estos objetos puede haber tenido algún significado importante. Background Information: In October 2003, Mexican archaeologists discovered a tunnel under the Feathered Información de contexto: Serpent Pyramid. Inside of the tunnel they uncovered several hundred thousand ob- En octubre de 2003, arqueólogos mexicanos descubrieron un túnel debajo de la jects and fragments made out of ceramic, obsidian, rubber, shells, and semiprecious Pirámide de la Serpiente Emplumada. Dentro del túnel encontraron cientos de miles stones. They also found wood, seeds in excellent condition, and fragments of rubber de objetos de cerámica, obsidiana, caucho, conchas y piedras semipreciosas. Hal- and human skin. At the very end of the tunnel, in a special chamber, they found these laron también madera, semillas en excelentes condiciones, y fragmentos de caucho four anthropomorphic sculptures. y de piel humana. Al final del túnel, en una cámara especial, hallaron estas cuatro esculturas antropomórficas. Religion: For the Teotihuacanos, the universe was divided into different regions. An invisible Religión: vertical line connected the underworld, the terrestrial, and the celestial regions of Para los teotihuacanos, el universo estaba dividido en varias regiones diferentes. Una the cosmos, or universe. In many belief systems and philosophies, this invisible line, línea vertical invisible conectaba el bajo mundo, la región terrestre y la región celeste known as the axis mundi, represents the center of the world. It is believed that these del cosmos o universo. En muchas creencias y filosofías religiosas, esta línea invis- four figures were facing the axis mundi in the Teotihuacan belief system. ible, conocida como el axis mundi, representa el centro del mundo. Se conjetura que estas cuatro figuras estaban de cara al axis mundi, según el sistema de creencias de Why were these figures buried together, and why does this tunnel contain so many Teotihuacán. and diverse objects? Archaeologists believe this tunnel was extremely sacred to the Teotihuacanos and that these four anthropomorphic sculptures represented the ¿Por qué se enterraron juntas estas figuras, y por qué contiene este túnel tantos y tan founding ancestors of Teotihuacan who kept safe very valuable seeds and riches of diversos objetos? Los arqueólogos creen que los teotihuacanos consideraban este the underworld. They also believe that these mythical beings were placed standing to túnel un lugar muy sagrado, y que estas cuatro esculturas antropomórficas repre- signify that they were still alive and continued to bless and guide the people, helping sentaban a los antepasados fundadores de Teotihuacán, que vigilaban y mantenían to establish the site of a new settlement, which Teotihuacanos later built into the city seguras las valiosas semillas y las riquezas del bajo mundo. Creen también que estos that became their capital. seres míticos fueron colocados de pie para indicar que aún estaban vivos y continu- aban bendiciendo y guiando al pueblo, ayudando a establecer el nuevo asentamiento Vocabulary: que los teotihuacanos con el tiempo convirtieron en la ciudad que sería su capital. Feathered Serpent Pyramid: pyramid dedicated to the Feathered Serpent deity Vocabulario: anthropomorphic: objects and animals having human characteristics Pirámide de la Serpiente Emplumada: pirámide dedicada a la deidad conocida como la Serpiente Emplumada quechquemitl: a garment that has been traditionally worn by indigenous peoples in Mexico for thousands of years antropomórfico: describe objetos y animales que tienen características humanas axis mundi: the center of the world in certain beliefs and philosophies quechquémitl: prenda de vestir tradicional usada por las poblaciones indígenas de México por miles de años sacred: relating to religion or spirituality axis mundi: el centro del mundo en ciertas creencias y filosofías religiosas ancestor: a person from whom people are descended sagrado: relacionado con la religión o la espiritualidad antepasado: persona de la que alguien desciende Main image: Standing Figure, 200–250. Greenstone, 20 1/2 × 9 1/4 in. (52 × 23.5 cm). Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos de Teotihuacán / INAH, [Proyecto Tlalocan]. Photograph by Jorge Peréz de Lara Elías © INAH. Inset image: Two standing anthropomorphic sculptures in a tunnel under the Feathered Serpent Pyramid. Photograph by Sergio Gómez Chávez Tassel Headdress Almena “Almena” con adorno de cabeza con flecos o borlas Material: ceramic Material: cerámica Location: unknown Ubicación: desconocida Looking Closely: Fíjate bien: This almena depicts the Storm God of the Teotihuacanos. You can identify the Storm Esta almena representa al Dios de las Tormentas de los teotihuacanos. El Dios de God easily because of its goggled eyes, curled upper lip, and prominent fangs. Other las Tormentas se puede identificar fácilmente por sus ojos sobresalientes, su labio Mesoamerican cultures including the Aztecs also adopted similar features for their superior curvado y sus pronunciados colmillos. Otras culturas mesoamericanas, entre representation of the Storm God. You may also see the Storm God with a water lily ellas la de los aztecas, adoptaron características similares en sus representaciones coming out of his mouth, a split tongue similar to that of a snake, or a lightning bolt in del Dios de las Tormentas. A veces también se ve al Dios de las tormentas con un ne- one hand. Here the Storm God also wears a tassel headdress, which was used only núfar saliéndole de la boca, con lengua bifurcada como la de una serpiente o con un by Teotihuacanos of very high rank or by officials traveling outside the city. rayo en una mano. Aquí el Dios de las Tormentas también lleva puesto un adorno con borlas o flecos en la cabeza. Este tipo de adorno lo usaban solamente los teotihuaca- Background Information: nos de muy alto rango o los oficiales del gobierno que viajaban fuera de la ciudad. This object is known as an almena. Very common in Teotihuacan, almenas are large stone carvings placed upright on the rooftops of important buildings to identify them Información de contexto: as special places. Their function is similar to banners and signs used today to identify Este objeto se conoce como una almena. Muy comunes en Teotihuacán, las almenas a company or store. This one has intricate carvings that represent a variety of objects se ponían verticales en los techos de edificios importantes, para identificarlos como and supernatural beings. lugares especiales. Su función era similar a la de los signos y carteles que se usan hoy en día para identificar una empresa o una tienda. Esta almena tiene tallados Daily Life: intrincados que representan una variedad de objetos y de seres sobrenaturales. Archeologists haven’t found evidence of a written language in Teotihuacan; however, they know that Teotihuacanos used logograms. Logograms are images that represent Vida diaria: entire words or phrases, and they were widely used in Teotihuacan’s sculptures and Los arqueólogos no han hallado evidencia de un lenguaje escrito en Teotihuacán; sin murals including almenas. embargo, saben que los teotihuacanos usaban logogramas. Los logogramas son imá- genes que representan palabras y hasta frases completas, y se usaban con frecuen- Religion: cia en las esculturas y murales de Teotihuacán, así como en las almenas. The Storm God had enormous powers. He could bring life through rain, but he could also destroy with lightning and fire. He was known and worshipped at all Religión: levels of Teotihuacan society, and this worship was a fundamental part of the El Dios de las Tormentas tenía enormes poderes. Podía dar vida mediante la lluvia, Teotihuacan identity. pero también podía destruir con rayos y fuego. En Teotihuacán, todos los niveles de la sociedad conocían y veneraban al Dios de las Tormentas, y ese culto era una parte Vocabulary: fundamental de la identidad teotihuacana. logograms: images that represent entire words or phrases Vocabulario: tassel headdress: typical headdress identified by round ornaments and tassels, often logogramas: imágenes que representan palabras y hasta frases completas associated with elite Teotihuacanos adorno de cabeza con borlas o flecos: adorno de cabeza típico de teotihuacanos de la élite, caracterizado por ornamentos redondos y muchas borlas o flecos Tassel
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