The British Civil Wars C.1639-1652 (HIST3023) (V13136) | University of Nottingham

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685 items

The main book I recommend for this Special Subject module is: (1 items)

The English Revolution and the wars in the three kingdoms, 1638-1652 - I. J. Gentles, c2007 Book | If you are going to buy a book, this is the one!

The best overview of early modern Britain is: (1 items)

Early modern Britain, 1450-1750 - John Miller, 2017 Book

The best general introduction to early modern historiography is: (1 items)

Writing early modern history - Garthine Walker, c2005 Book

Sessions 1 & 2: Introduction (18 items)

Among the best general overviews of the early modern period are: (5 items)

English society, 1580-1680 - Keith Wrightson, c2003 Book | This was for many years my recommended standard introduction to the period (at least, as regards England). There are numerous earlier editions, all fine.

The making of the British Isles: the state of Britain and Ireland, 1450-1660 - Steven G. Ellis, Christopher Maginn, c2007 Book

A monarchy transformed: Britain 1603-1714 - Mark A. Kishlansky, 1997 Book

The Stuart age: England, 1603-1714 - Barry Coward Book | Earlier editions are ok.

England in conflict, 1603-1660: kingdom, community, commonwealth - Derek Hirst, 1999 Book | This is an updated version of Hirst's Authority and Conflict (London, 1986).

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Other good overviews of the Civil Wars are: (5 items)

The civil wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638-1651 - Martyn Bennett, 1997 Book

Rebellion or revolution?: England, 1640-1660 - G. E. Aylmer, 1986 Book

History of the great civil war, 1642-1649 - Samuel Rawson Gardiner, 1894-1897 Book | Despite its age, this is still a good detailed narrative.

The Civil Wars of England - J. P. Kenyon, 1996 Book | This is a short, but accurate (and affordable), introduction. Earlier editions are available.

The English Revolution, c.1590-1720: politics, religion and communities - Nicholas Tyacke, 2007 Book | It's also worth having a look at the various essays in this book.

Two recent and decent (but very large and detailed) works on the conflict are: (2 items)

The noble revolt: the overthrow of Charles I - J. S. A. Adamson, c2007 Book | Adamson has modified his views over the years as regards the conflict being yet another baronial war, but this work shows that he is still preoccupied with the nobility and higher gentry.

God's fury, England's fire: a new history of the English Civil Wars - M. J. Braddick, c2008 Book | I can't personally see anything 'new' in the book, but Mike Braddick is an excellent historian, and always worth reading.

For general military histories of the conflict, see: (4 items)

The civil wars: a military history of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1638-1660 - J. P. Kenyon, Jane H. Ohlmeyer, J. S. Morrill, 1998 Book

A military history of the English Civil War, 1642-1646: strategy and tactics - Malcolm Wanklyn, Frank Jones, ebrary, 2014 Book

War in England, 1642-1649 - Barbara Donagan, c2008 Book | Not a light read, but a superb piece of scholarship.

The English Civil War: a military history of the three civil wars, 1642-1651 - Peter Young, Richard Holmes, 1974 Book | This is reasonably ok, although now rather dated in terms of sources, historiography and approach.

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For useful collections of sources see: (2 items)

The English Civil War and revolution: a sourcebook - Keith Lindley, 1998 Book

The Constitutional documents of the Puritan revolution 1625-1660 - Samuel Rawson Gardiner, 1906 Book | This may be old, but you'll still find it very handy!

Sessions 3 & 4: The Context and Causes of the Civil Wars (73 items)

Causes (2 items)

The causes of the English Civil War - Ann Hughes, 1998 Book | This is the best short introduction.

The causes of the English Civil War: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford, 1987-1988 - Conrad Russell, 1990 Book | This should not be attempted without a firm grasp of events.

Introduction (4 items)

The Outbreak of the Civil Wars in the Three Kingdoms - J Peacey Chapter | This is a good short summary of recent historiography.

What was the English Revolution? - J. Morrill, B. Manning, D. Underdown, March 1984 Article | This is rather older.

The English Civil War - Richard Cust, Ann Hughes, 1997 Book | This is still good, particularly the introduction.

The debate on the English revolution - R. C. Richardson, 1998 Book | This is still the standard work on the historiography of the causes and contexts of the Civil Wars.

Long-term causes: (3 items)

The causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642 - Lawrence Stone, 1972 Book | This is basically a Whig presentation.

The English revolution, 1640: three essays - Christopher Hill, Margaret James, Edgell Rickword, 1940 Book | This is a Marxist account.

Prayer Book and Protestation: anti-popery, anti-puritanism and the outbreak of the English Civil War - M.J. Braddick

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Chapter

Revisionism (8 items)

The revolt of the provinces: conservatives and radicals in the English Civil War, 1630-1650 - J. S. Morrill, 1980 Book | Read in particular chapter 1, 'The coming of war', in this classic revisionist account.

Revolt in the provinces: the people of England and the tragedies of war, 1630-1648 - J. S. Morrill, 1999 Book | Read in particular the introduction to this edition.

On revisionism in general, see:

On Revisionism: An Analysis of Early Stuart Historiography in the 1970s and 1980s* - Glenn Burgess, 1990-9 Article

Revisionism, Politics and Political Ideas in Early Stuart England - Glenn Burgess, 1991-6 Article

Early Stuart Politics: revisionism and after - S Adams Chapter

Most of the county studies produced in the 1960s and 1970s in the list above are examples of the revisionist or localist approaches (see also works on the 'county community' later in this guide).

Short-term crisis (6 items)

Why Did Charles I Fight the Civil War? - C. Russell, June 1984 Article

Introduction of The origins of the English Civil War - Conrad Russell, 1973 Book

The causes of the English Civil War: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford, 1987-1988 - Conrad Russell, 1990 Book

The fall of the British monarchies, 1637-1642 - Conrad Russell, 1991 Book

The Impact of the 1641 Rebellion upon England and Wales, 1641-5 - K Lindley, 1972

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Article

See also Darcy in 'British problem' below.

British problem / Wars of the Three Kingdoms (8 items)

The British problem and the English Civil War - C Russell, 1987 Article

Three nations--a common history? - R.G. Asch, 1993 Book | See chapters by N. Canny, J. Morrill and K.M. Brown, which are most relevant.

The Atlantic archipelago and the War of the Three Kingdoms - J.G.A. Pocock Chapter | Chapter 7

The English context of the British Civil Wars - J Adamson, Nov. 1998 Article

Chapter 13 of The nature of the English Revolution / essays by John Morrill. Book

The Irish rebellion of 1641 and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms - Eamon Darcy, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), c2013 Book

See also Lindley in 'Short-term Crisis' above.

Chapter 6, A Sea of Blood? Massacres during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 1641-53 - Inga Jones Chapter

Bourgeois Revolution / Class Struggle (10 items)

The English revolution, 1640: three essays - Christopher Hill, Margaret James, Edgell Rickword, 1940 Book | This is the classic statement of the Marxist position.

is inspired by:

Religion and the rise of capitalism: a historical study - R. H. Tawney, 1926 Book

For an answer to Hill, see:

Chapter 14 of The nature of the English Revolution / essays by John Morrill. Book

For a briefer view, see

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A Bourgeois Revolution? - C Hill Chapter

Ehud's dagger: class struggle in the English Revolution - James Holstun, 2000 Book | This is a more recent attempt to restate the Marxist view.

The English people and the English revolution - Brian Manning, 1991 Book | This is the most extended treatment and contains a very useful introduction summarising his position and answering his critics.

The English People and the English Revolution Revisited - John Walter, 2006 Article | A revisitation of Manning's thesis by my old tutor John Walter

Post-Revisionism (6 items)

This, along with the approach that sees the civil wars as the supreme manifestation of the 'British problem', is the most recent.

Retrospective: Wentworth's political world in revisionist and post-revisionist perspective - P. Lake Chapter

Puritans, popularity and petitions: local politics in national context, Cheshire, 1641 - P. Lake Chapter

Introduction to The English Civil War - Richard Cust, Ann Hughes, 1997 Book

Ambition and failure in Stuart England: the career of John, first Viscount Scudamore - Ian Atherton, 1999 Book | Read especially chapters 1 & 8

Introduction to Culture and politics in early Stuart England - Kevin Sharpe, Peter Lake, 1994 Book

More ideas for background reading: (26 items)

Any decent textbook (e.g. Gentles) will give you a broad narrative of what was going on between 1640 and 1642.

The outbreak of the English Civil War - Anthony Fletcher, 1981 Book | This is the best detailed exposition, integrating the situation in the (English) localities and the centre.

The Coming of War - A Fletcher Chapter | For a summary of his ideas, see chapter 1: The Coming of War.

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The county and local studies contain discussions of the outbreak of the civil war in their areas; have a look at one or two.

Chapters 9-12 of The outbreak of the English Civil War - Anthony Fletcher, 1981 Book | This provides good coverage of events locally and nationally.

The fall of the British monarchies, 1637-1642 - Conrad Russell, 1991 Book | This is useful for events in Parliament.

The Causes of Britain's Civil Wars - J.S. Morrill Chapter | For an assessment of Conrad Russell's work, see Chapter 13: The causes of Britain's Civil Wars. Also published in vol. 43 (1992) of the Journal of Ecclesiastical History.

Why did Charles I call the Long Parliament? - C. Russell, 1984 Article

Revolutionary England 1640-1642 - D. Cressy, Nov 2003 Article | This is an interesting recent attempt to impose a new interpretation of events.

England on edge: crisis and revolution, 1640-1642 - David Cressy, ebrary, Inc, 2006 Book | This is an expansion of the previous article above.

The 1641 Irish Rebellion (9 items)

The causes of the English Civil War: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford, 1987-1988 - Conrad Russell, 1990 Book

The fall of the British monarchies, 1637-1642 - Conrad Russell, 1991 Book

Both Causes and Fall lay great stress on the 1641 Irish rebellion as a factor. We will cover Ireland in more detail later in the module, but for its impact on England see:

The Impact of the 1641 Rebellion upon England and Wales, 1641-5 - K. Lindley, 1972 Article

The Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution - R. Clifton, Aug. 1971 Article

Chapter 7 of Rebellion, popular protest and the social order in early modern England - Paul Slack, 1984 Book | Reprint of Clifton, 'The popular fear'.

Constructing Discord: Ideology, Propaganda, and English Responses to the Irish Rebellion of 1641 - Ethan Howard Shagan, 1997 Article | This is an important reappraisal.

Staffordshire and the 1641 Irish Rebellion - M Cooksley, I Atherton, 2001 Article

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We will deal with Ireland in more detail later in the module.

England's Wars of Religion (7 items)

The Religious Context of the English Civil War - John Morrill, 1984 Article | This is still the key article.

The Attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament - J.S. Morrill Chapter

Both of these are reproduced in:

Chapters 3 and 4 of The nature of the English Revolution / essays by John Morrill. Book | Also important are chapters 1 and 2 in the same volume.

England's wars of religion, revisited - Charles W. A. Prior, Glenn Burgess, University of Hull, c2011 Book | Following a conference to honour John Morrill, this collection was issued. It contains many useful papers from leading historians.

The theatrical city: culture, theatre, and politics in London, 1576-1649 - David L. Smith, Richard Strier, David M. Bevington, 1995 Book | The Root and Branch Petition and the Grand Remonstrance are considered in essays by David Smith and Richard Strier.

Puritanism and the origins of the English Civil War - William M. Lamont, 2000 Book | Much of the historiography of the so-called 'Puritan Revolution' is usefully discussed in this volume.

Sessions 5 & 6: Choosing Sides (70 items)

The historiographical debates on allegiance have long been framed by John Morrill's 'wars of religion' thesis, and so everyone needs to have read:

The Religious Context of the English Civil War - John Morrill, 1984 Article

The Attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament - J.S. Morrill Chapter

Both articles are reproduced in:

The nature of the English Revolution / essays by John Morrill. Book

More recent works include:

'This confused, divided and wretched city': the struggle for London in 1642-43 - I. Gentles,

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2003 Article

Thinking about Allegiance in the English Civil War - R. Weil, 2006-01-01 Article

Two issues dominate here: (a) what determined the allegiance of individuals, and (b) are there any geographical patterns to allegiance? For the second, the most hotly contested thesis is that of:

Revel, riot, and rebellion: popular politics and culture in England 1603-1660 - David Underdown, 1985 Book | Especially chapters 1-5 & 7

See also the debate between Underdown and Morrill:

Review: The Ecology of Allegiance in the English Revolution - Review by: John Morrill, 1987 Article

A Reply to John Morrill - David Underdown, 1987 Article

This was partly reproduced in:

Chapter 11 of The nature of the English Revolution / essays by John Morrill. Book

Loyalty and locality: popular allegiance in Devon during the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 1994 Book | The only study to apply Underdown's thesis in detail.

Turncoats and renegadoes: changing sides during the English Civil War - Andrew Hopper, 2012 Book | Quite a few people changed their minds during the struggle.

For the allegiance of individuals and groups, see:

Royalist Gentry (7 items)

Royalists and royalism during the English civil wars - Jason McElligott, David L. Smith, Clare College (University of Cambridge), c2007 Book

Gentry Honor and Royalism in Early Stuart England - Jerrilyn Greene Marston, 1973 Article

Presidential Address: Collective Mentalities in Mid Seventeenth-Century England: II. Royalist Attitudes - G. E. Aylmer, 1987 Article

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Chapter 2 of The old service: Royalist regimental colonels and the Civil War, 1642-46 - P. R. Newman, c1993 Book

The King's Servants: conscience, principle and sacrifice in armed royalism - P.R. Newman Chapter | Chapter 12.

Constitutional royalism and the search for settlement, c. 1640-1649 - David L. Smith, 1994 Book

The Defection of Sir Edward Dering, 1640-1641 - Derek Hirst, 1972 Article

Popular Royalism (11 items)

Revel, riot, and rebellion: popular politics and culture in England 1603-1660 - David Underdown, 1985 Book

Loyalty and locality: popular allegiance in Devon during the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 1994 Book

Popular politics and religion in Civil War London - Keith Lindley, c1997 Book

An account of Herefordshire in the First Civil War - I Atherton, 1996 Article

Prayer book and people in Elizabethan and early Stuart England - Judith D. Maltby, 1998 Book | If support for the established church and liturgy was important, see this volume.

'By this Book': parishioners, the Prayer Book and the established Church - J Maltby Chapter | Maltby's argument is summarised in a couple of suggestive pages at the end of her article.

A King in Search of Soldiers: Charles I in 1642* - Joyce L. Malcolm, 1978-6 Article | See this article for the argument that there was little popular royalism.

For rebuttals of Malcolm's stance, see:

A King in Search of Soldiers: Charles I in 1642. A Rejoinder - M. D. G. Wanklyn, Brigadier P. Young, 1981-3 Article

AND

'Memories of the Maimed': The Testimony of Charles I's Former Soldiers, 1660-1730 - Mark Stoyle, 2003-04 Article

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Parliamentarian Gentry (10 items)

Puritans and roundheads: the Harleys of Brampton Bryan and the outbreak of the English Civil War - Jacqueline Eales, 1990 Book

Sir William Brereton and England's Wars of Religion - John Morrill, 1985 Article

Puritans in conflict: the Puritan gentry during and after the civil wars - J. T. Cliffe, 1988 Book

The reign of King Pym - J. H. Hexter, c1941 Book

This should be read alongside the recent revision by J.S. Morrill, below:

The unweariableness of Mr Pym: influence and eloquence in the Long Parliament - J.S. Morrill Chapter | Chapter 2 of Political Culture and Cultural Politics

Denzil Holles, 1598-1680: a study of his political career - Patricia Crawford, 1979 Book

Marginal Prynne, 1600-1669 - William M. Lamont, 1963 Book

Politics, society and civil war in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 - Ann Hughes, 1987 Book | Writes on Robert Greville, second Lord Brooke.

The shaping of John Lambert's allegiance and the outbreak of the Civil War - D Farr, 2000 Article

Popular Parliamentarianism (6 items)

Chapter 8 of Understanding popular violence in the English Revolution [electronic resource] : the Colchester plunderers / John Walter. Book

The English people and the English revolution - Brian Manning, 1991 Book | This edition is better than the original, published in 1976

Wallington's world: a Puritan artisan in seventeenth-century London - Paul S. Seaver, c1985 Book | Especially chapter 6.

"The readiness of the people": the formation and emergence of the army of the Fairfaxes, 1642-3 - A. J. Hopper, 1997 Book

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Provincial preaching and allegiance in the First English Civil War (1640-6) - J Eales Chapter

'The popish army of the north': anti-Catholicism and parliamentarian allegiance in civil war Yorkshire, 1642-46 - A. Hopper, 2000 Article

Neutrals (4 items)

Presidential Address: Collective Mentalities in Mid Seventeenth-Century England: IV. Cross Currents: Neutrals, Trimmers and Others - G. E. Aylmer, 1989 Article

Revolt in the provinces: the people of England and the tragedies of war, 1630-1648 - J. S. Morrill, 1999 Book | Use the index.

Neutralism, conservatism and political alignment in the English Revolution: the case of the towns, 1642-9 - R Howell Chapter

Many of the county and local studies have sections on neutralism.

Roman Catholics (8 items)

The part played by Catholics - K Lindley Chapter | Start with this volume, which claims that Roman Catholics were predominantly neutral.

For ripostes to Lindley, and for claims that Roman Catholics tended to be strongly royalist, see:

Chapter 4 of The old service: Royalist regimental colonels and the Civil War, 1642-46 - P. R. Newman, c1993 Book

Catholic royalists of Northern England 1642-1645 - P.R. Newman, 1979 Article

Catholic royalist activists in the north 1642-6 - P.R. Newman, 1977 Article

Warwickshire Catholics in the Civil War - D.F. Mosler, 1980 Article

The Catholics in Worcestershire - C.D. Gilbert, 1991 Article

Anti-popery: the structure of a prejudice - P. Lake

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Chapter | To provide you with a historical context, this is the best introduction to anti-popery.

The Celtic nations (6 items)

This is a bit of a wildcard, but it might be useful to think about Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Cornish allegiance (or not) to the Stuart monarchy, and the ramificatins for allegiances in England. (We'll deal with the allegiances of the Channel Islands, Caribbean and America later in the module).

Conflicting Loyalties, Conflicted Rebels: Political and Religious Allegiance among the Confederate Catholics of Ireland - T. O Hannrachain, 2004 Article

'Firm Catholics' or 'Loyal Subjects'? Religious and political allegiance in early seventeenth-century Ireland - A. Ford Chapter

Soldiers and strangers: an ethnic history of the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2005 Book | Several relevant chapters on the various Celtic nations appear in this volume.

The Barwis Affair: Political Allegiance and the Scots during the the British Civil Wars - D.A. Scott, 2000 Article | Deals principally with events in 1645-7, but it has interesting reflections on the effect of allegiance in relations to the Scottish presence in England.

Office-holding and allegiance in Glamorgan in the civil war and after: the case of John Byrd - S.K. Roberts, 2000 Article

Sessions 7 & 8: Paper Combat: News and Propaganda during the Civil Wars (22 items)

The invention of the newspaper: English newsbooks, 1641-1649 - Joad Raymond, 1996 Book | Although a somewhat difficult read, is a good, and relatively recent account.

Making the news: an anthology of the newsbooks of revolutionary England, 1641-1660 - Joad Raymond, 1993 Book | This is easier to digest, if less sophisticated, and contains extracts from many news-books of the period.

Chapters 3-4 of The news revolution in England [electronic resource] : cultural dynamics of daily information / C. John Sommerville. Book | This covers similar ground.

The beginnings of the English newspaper, 1620-1660 - Joseph Frank, 1961 Book | This was a pioneering study of civil war newsbooks.

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Pamphlet wars: prose in the English Revolution - James Holstun, c1992 Book | Has articles which will be useful.

News, newspapers, and society in early modern Britain - Joad Raymond, 1999 Book | Also has articles which will be useful, including the chapter by S Wiseman

Representation and misrepresentation in later Stuart Britain [electronic resource] : partisanship and political culture / Mark Knights. Book

Literature and revolution in England, 1640-1660 - Nigel Smith, 1994 Book

Governed by opinion - Dagmar Freist, 1997 Book | Looks at London.

Chapter 5 of A freeborn people: politics and the nation in seventeenth-century England - David Underdown, 1996 Book | Looks at one newsbook from 1649 (The Man in the Moon).

Censorship and conflict in seventeenth-century England: the subtle art of division - Randy Robertson, c2009 Book

Freedom and the English Revolution: essays in history and literature - R. C. Richardson, G. M. Ridden, c1986 Book | Especially chapters 4 & 6

'Wit in a Roundhead': the dilemma of Marchamont Nedham - B Worden Chapter | For civil war journalists, see this chapter (13)

John Dillingham, Journalist of the Middle Group - A. N. B. Cotton, 1978 Article

Sir John Berkenhead, 1617-1679: a Royalist career in politics and polemics - Peter W. Thomas, 1969 Book | This also looks at the Royalist news-book Mercurius Aulicus.

Sir John Berkenhead - C Hill Chapter | Reviews Thomas's book.

The Secret Printing and Publishing Career of Richard Overton the Leveller, 1644-46 - D. R. Adams, 2010-03-01 Article

Royalist News, Parliamentary Debates and Political Accountability, 1640-60 - JASON PEACEY, 2008-06-28 Article

Print and Public Politics in Seventeenth-Century England - Jason Peacey, 2007-01 Article

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Independent Presses: The Politics of Print in England During the Late 1640s - Amos Tubb, 2012-09-01 Article

Print, Censorship, and Ideological Escalation in the English Civil War - David R. Como, 2012-10 Article | This is a difficult article to get your head around, but does have some useful insights if you can stick with it.

The Bedlam Academy - Lloyd Bowen, 2017-04-03 Article | A quirky and immensely interesting study of the construction of 'fake news' during the Civil Wars.

Sessions 9 & 10: Royalist and Parliamentarian War Efforts (31 items)

A King in Search of Soldiers: Charles I in 1642* - Joyce L. Malcolm, 1978-6 Article

How the king raised an army in the summer of 1642 has been the subject of controversy, with J.L. Malcolm being attacked by M.D.G Wanklyn and P. Young, as well as M. Stoyle below.

A King in Search of Soldiers: Charles I in 1642* - Joyce L. Malcolm, 1978-6 Article

'Memories of the Maimed': The Testimony of Charles I's Former Soldiers, 1660-1730 - Mark Stoyle, 2003-04 Article

Caesar's due: loyalty and King Charles 1642-1646 - Joyce Lee Malcolm, 1983 Book | This should therefore be used with care.

The Royalist war effort 1642-1646 [electronic resource] / Ronald Hutton. Book | See also the early sections of this.

Between Scylla and Charybdis: the creation of rival administrations at the beginning of the English Civil War - M Bennett, Nov 1992 Article | This is a recent account of the Commission of Array and the parliamentarian Militia Ordinance.

On the militia ordinance, see:

The Great Council of Parliament and the First Ordinances: The Constitutional Theory of the Civil War - Michael Mendle, 1992 Article

"The Fittest Subject for a King's Quarrel": An Essay on the Militia Controversy 1641-1642 - Lois G. Schwoerer, 1971 Article

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The royalist war effort (8 items)

The Royalist war effort 1642-1646 [electronic resource] / Ronald Hutton. Book | This is indispensable. The second edition (1999) contains a short new introduction.

The royalist war effort - R Hutton Chapter | Also contains Hutton's key arguments.

Chapter 2 of Revolt in the provinces: the people of England and the tragedies of war, 1630-1648 - J. S. Morrill, 1999 Book

The royalist government of Worcestershire during the Civil War - P Styles, 1976 Article

The royalist Council of War, 1642-46 - I. Roy, 1962 Article | See for the central Royalist command.

The Structure of the Royalist Party, 1642–1646 - Ronald Hutton, 1981-9 Article | This is attacked by J. Daly, below.

The Implications of Royalist Politics, 1642–1646 - James Daly, 1984-9 Article

Royalist Finances in the English Civil War: The Case of Lichfield Garrison, 1643–5 - Ian Atherton, 2008-04 Article | This is a recent case study.

The parliamentarian war effort (13 items)

Chapter 2 of Revolt in the provinces: the people of England and the tragedies of war, 1630-1648 - J. S. Morrill, 1999 Book

From Cavalier to Roundhead tyranny, 1642-49 - R. Ashton Chapter | Chapter 8.

Chapter 5 of Politics, society and civil war in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 - Ann Hughes, 1987 Book

The Eastern Association in the English Civil War - Clive Holmes, 1974 Book

The accounts of the kingdom - D.H. Pennington Chapter | This looks at one of the parliament's central committees.

The making of a world power: war and the military revolution in seventeenth-century England - James Scott Wheeler, 1999 Book | See this for taxation.

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The East Midland Association 1642-1644 - L. Beats, 1978 Article

The 'other civil war': internecine politics in the Warwickshire County Committees, 1642-59 - D.F. Mosler, 1981 Article

Civil Supply in the Civil War: Supply of Victuals to the New Model Army on the Naseby Campaign, 1-14 June 1645 - Aryeh J. S. Nusbacher, 2000 Article

The Parliamentary Army under the Earl of Essex, 1642-5 - Godfrey Davies, 1934 Article

Parliamentary tyranny? Indemnity proceedings and the impact of the Civil War: a case study from Warwickshire - A.L. Hughes, 1986 Article

The committee at Stafford, 1643-1645: the Order book of the Staffordshire County Committee - D. H. Pennington, Ivan Alan Roots, Staffordshire Record Society, 1957 Book

The King, the Parliament and the localities during the English Civil War - A.L. Hughes Chapter | See for a stimulating comparison between royalist and parliamentarian structures.

Sessions 11 & 12: Weapons, Strategies and Tactics (39 items)

Recent overviews of the military history of the wars are:

A military history of the English Civil War, 1642-1646: strategy and tactics - Malcolm Wanklyn, Frank Jones, ebrary, 2014 Book

And, with a wider British focus:

The Irish and British wars, 1637-1654: triumph, tragedy, and failure - James Scott Wheeler, c2002 Book | Wheeler's grasp of strategy and tactics is better than most - he was a professor at the US Military Academy at West Point.

Most of the general books, such as Bennet and Gentles, discuss issues of tactics and strategy.

The civil wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638-1651 - Martyn Bennett, 1997 Book

The English Revolution and the wars in the three kingdoms, 1638-1652 - I. J. Gentles, c2007

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Book

The civil wars: a military history of England, Scotland, and Ireland 1638-1660 - J. P. Kenyon, Jane H. Ohlmeyer, J. S. Morrill, 1998 Book | This is a decent collection of essays on military aspects.

Cavaliers: the Royalist army at war, 1642-1646 - John Barratt, 2004, c2000 Book

Cromwell's war machine: the new model army, 1645-1660 - Keith Roberts, 2005 Book

Celtic Warfare in the 1640s - Padraig Lenihan Chapter | The text and bibliography of this chapter is very useful.

Cromwell's army: a history of the English soldier during the Civil Wars, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate - C. H. Firth, 1921 Book | This is undoubtedly old, but still very useful.

The English Civil War: a military history of the three civil wars, 1642-1651 - Peter Young, Richard Holmes, 1974 Book | Although superseded by Wheeler's book, this is still reasonably ok.

Peter Young's books on individual actions, although dated, contain plenty of good detail. (3 items)

Edgehill 1642: the campaign and the battle - Peter Young, 1995 Book

Marston Moor, 1644: the campaign and the battle - Peter Young, 1970 Book

Naseby 1645: the campaign and the battle - Peter Young, c1985 Book

More recent accounts of individual battles include: (2 items) There are many other accounts of various battles to be had from the bibliographies of the various books listed above.

Naseby: the decisive campaign - Glenn Foard, 2004 Book

The Battle of Marston Moor - John Barratt, December 1, 2006 Book

For the mechanics of war, these lead the field. (2 items)

Arms & armour of the English Civil Wars - David J. Blackmore, Royal Armouries (Great Britain), 1990

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Dealing in death: the arms trade and the British Civil Wars, 1638-52 - Peter Edwards, 2000 Book

These are good on sieges. (2 items)

Siege Warfare: The fortress in the early modern world, 1494-1660 - Christopher Duffy, 1979 Book

The New Model Army and the Problems of Siege Warfare, 1648-51 - James Burke, May 1990 Article

Military engineering during the Great Civil War 1642-9 - W. G. Ross, 2006 Book

You should be familiar with the so-called 'military revolution' from your first year studies.

The military revolution in sixteenth-century Europe - David Eltis, 1998, c1995 Book | This has a useful chapter on siege warfare, and another on the impact of the military revolution in England.

The two standard works on naval power during the British Civil Wars are: (2 items)

Cromwell's navy: the Fleet and the English Revolution, 1648-1660 - B. S. Capp, 1989 Book

The navy in the English Civil War - J. R. Powell, 1962 Book

Seizing the fleet in 1642: Parliament, the Navy, and the printing press - Stephen J. Greenberg, 1991 Article | This article discusses an important aspect of the maritime aspect of the conflict.

Dealing in death: the arms trade and the British Civil Wars, 1638-52 - Peter Edwards, 2000 Book | The importance of the navy as regards the supply of arms is discussed here.

Articles about various aspects of naval power during this period include: (8 items)

The Order of St John and Cromwell's Navy, 1649-1660 - D F. Allen, 1993 Article

The Navy and Civil War in Ireland, 1641-3 - M.L. Baumber, 1971

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Article

Blake and the Brazil fleets in 1650 - C.R. Boxer, 1950 Article

Captain William Thomas, a naval captain of the English Civil War - A Eames, 1961 Article

Naval captains at the outbreak of the English Civil War - D.E. Kennedy, 1960 Article

The English Naval Revolt of 1648 - D. E. Kennedy, 1962 Article

Robert Blake - C.C. Lloyd, 1957 Article

Navy Finance, 1649–1660 - J. S. Wheeler, 1996-6 Article

Hallward Library also holds various works on naval history.

Ireland and the war at sea, 1641-1653 - Elaine Murphy, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), c2012 Book | You may get some useful ideas from this.

Sessions 13 & 14: Religion (42 items)

Religion in revolutionary England - Christopher Durston, Judith D. Maltby, c2006 Book | This is full of excellent essays on the topics below, not least J.C. Davies on radical religion and J. Coffey on questions of toleration.

Conservatives and moderates (principally Episcopalians and Presbyterians): (14 items)

A history of the English Church during the civil wars and under the Commonwealth, 1640-1660 - William Arthur Shaw, 1900 Book | This contains a narrative of legislation and debates on church matters, with many documents.

The attack on the Church of England in the Long Parliament - J.S. Morrill Chapter | Reprinted in J.S. Morrill (ed.), The Nature of the English Revolution (1993).

The Church in England, 1646-1660 - M.C. Cross Chapter | This concentrates on the establishment of a national Presbyterian church.

The Church in England, 1642-1649 - J.S. Morrill Chapter | By contrast, Chapter 4, stresses popular episcopalianism.

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Godly reformation and its opponents in Warwickshire, 1640-1662 - Ann Hughes, 1993 Book | See for Presbyterianism and godly revolution.

The Persecution of 'Scandalous' and 'Malignant' Parish Clergy during the English Civil War - I. M. Green, 1979 Article | See for the treatment of episcopalian clergy.

Walker revised: being a revision of John Walker's Sufferings of the clergy during the Grand Rebellion, 1642-60 - A. G. Matthews, John Walker, 1948 Book | See for the treatment of episcopalian clergy, with an account of every persecuted episcopalian cleric.

The royalists during the Puritan Revolution - Paul H. Hardacre, 1956 Book

Religion and society in early modern England: a sourcebook - David Cressy, Lori Anne Ferrell, 1996 Book | Contains extracts from the Directory for Public Worship, which replaced the Book of Common Prayer in 1645; see pp. 186-192.

Reactions to the English Civil War 1642-1649 - J. S. Morrill, 1982 Book | Minutes of five Presbyterian 'classes' survive: for details, see p. 214.

Remains, historical & literary, connected with the Palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester - Chetham Society, 1844- Journal | See records for Manchester (3 vols., 20, 22, 24, 1890-1891) and Bury (2 vols., 36, 41, 1896-1898).

Politics, society and civil war in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 - Ann Hughes, 1987 Book

'Popular' Presbyterianism in the 1640s and 1650s: The cases of Thomas Edwards and Thomas Hall - A.L. Hughes Chapter

Anti-popery: the structure of a prejudice - P. Lake Chapter | This is the best introduction to anti-popery.

Puritanism (7 items) This is a very broad and problematic term (not least because it encompasses Presbyterians in the section above, and radical sects in the section below). The follow reference works should therefore be particularly useful:

The Cambridge companion to Puritanism - John Coffey, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, 2008 Book

Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: a comprehensive encyclopedia - Francis J. Bremer, Tom Webster, c2006 Book | Loads of entries relevant to this module can be found here.

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Defining Puritanism - again? - Peter Lake Chapter | This is an excellent essay on defining Puritanism.

The culture of English puritanism, 1560-1700 - Christopher Durston, Jacqueline Eales, 1996 Book

English Puritanism, 1603-1689 - John Spurr, c1998 Book | This is a standard text.

The dissenters: vol. 1, From the Reformation to the French Revolution - Michael R. Watts, 1978 Book | A well-known history of Puritanism from former Nottingham academic Michael Watts.

The growth of Puritanism, c. 1559-1662 - J.G. Jones Chapter | A more up-to-date (and shorter) history of Puritanism.

Iconoclasm (6 items)

The journal of William Dowsing: iconoclasm in East Anglia during the English Civil War - William Dowsing, Trevor Cooper, Ecclesiological Society, c2001 Book | For William Dowsing.

William Dowsing, the bureaucratic Puritan - J.S. Morrill Chapter | Chapter 10.

'Abolishing Superstition with Sedition'? The Politics of Popular Iconoclasm in England 1640-1642 - John Walter, 2004 Article | See for other iconoclasts.

Puritan iconoclasm during the English Civil War - Julie Spraggon, 2003 Book

Agnes Bowker's cat: travesties and transgressions in Tudor and Stuart England - David Cressy, 2001 Book | Less useful, but of some value, are chapters 12 & 14

Cathedrals under siege: cathedrals in English society, 1600-1700 - Stanford E. Lehmberg, 1996 Book | Less useful, but still of some value, is chapter 2.

Radicals (14 items)

The world turned upside down: radical ideas during the English revolution - Christopher Hill , 1991 Book

The triumph of the saints: the separate churches of London, 1616-1649 - Murray Tolmie, 1977

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Liberty and reformation in the Puritan Revolution - William Haller, 1955 Book

London and the outbreak of the Puritan revolution: city government and national politics, 1625-43 - Valerie Pearl, 1961 Book

London and popular freedom in the 1640s - K Lindley Chapter | For the sects in London, where they were most numerous and most important, see Chapter 6, and Lindley below.

Popular politics and religion in Civil War London - Keith Lindley, c1997 Book | pp. 79-91, 281-303

Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-1660 - F. D. Dow, 1985 Book

Radical religion in the English Revolution - Barry Reay, J. F. McGregor, 1984 Book

The biographical dictionary of British radicals in the seventeenth century - Richard L. Greaves, Robert Zaller, 1982 Book | For potted biographies of individuals (but see also the online ODNB).

Presidential Address: Collective Mentalities in Mid Seventeenth-Century England: III. Varieties of Radicalism - G. E. Aylmer, 1988 Article

The dissenters - Michael R. Watts, 1978-2015 Book | Vol. 1 charts the growth of various sects.

Dr Tobias Crisp (1600-1643) - Christopher Hill Chapter

Antinomianism in seventeenth-century England - Christopher Hill Chapter

See also the section on Women and the Civil Wars below.

Sessions 15 & 16: Women and the Civil Wars (21 items)

Basic narrative introductions covering women in the 1640s include: (2 items) Do not rely exclusively on these, however, as they are very simplistic.

Women all on fire: the women of the English Civil War - Alison Plowden, 1998 Book

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The weaker vessel: woman's lot in seventeenth-century England - Antonia Fraser, 1985 Book

The reactions of women, with special reference to women petitioners - P Higgins Chapter | For a more sophisticated history.

'The (Un)Civil-Sisterhood of Oranges and Lemons': female petitioners and demonstrators, 1642-53 - A.M. McEntee Chapter | Also published in Prose Studies, vol. 14 (1991), pp 92-111.

Women, men and politics in the English Civil War: an inaugural lecture given 8 October 1997 - Ann Hughes, University of Keele, 1997 Book

Gender and the English revolution - Ann Hughes, c2012 Book | Hughes has developed her theories in this, her latest book.

Women in early modern England, 1550-1720 - Sara Heller Mendelson, Patricia Crawford, 1998 Book | pp. 394-418.

Gender and politics in Leveller literature - A.L. Hughes Chapter | Chapter 7

The Clarke papers: selections from the papers of William Clarke : secretary to the Council of the Army, 1647-1649, and to General Monck and the Commanders of the Army in Scotland, 1651-1660 - William Clarke, C. H. Firth, Camden Society (Great Britain), Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), 1891-1901 Book | For Elizabeth Poole and the army council in 1648/9, see vol. II, pp. 150-4, 163-70.

The Military Activities of Charlotte De La Tremouille, Countess of Derby, During the Civil War and Interregnum - Katharine A. Walker, 2001-03 Article | This is a standard history at the start of the article, but you should find the historiographical discussion towards the end quite useful.

Women and Religious Sects (10 items)

Historians, Women and the Civil War Sects, 1640 - 1660 - P Crawford, 1988 Article

Women and religion in England, 1500-1720 / Patricia Crawford. Book | Chapters 6-7 provide a good introduction to the role of women in civil war sects.

The Prophet and her Audience: gender and knowledge in the world turned upside down - P Mack Chapter

Women and the Civil War Sects - Keith V. Thomas, 1958 Article | Also published in T. Aston (ed.), Crisis in Europe (1965).

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'A Priesthood of She-Believers': women and the congregations in mid-seventeenth-century England - A Laurence Chapter

Shaking patriarchy's foundations: sectarian women in England 1641-1700 - D Ludlow Chapter

Visionary women: ecstatic prophecy in seventeenth-century England - Phyllis Mack, 1992 Book

Women as Prophets during the English Civil War - Phyllis Mack, 1982-21 Article

Producing the voice, consuming the body: women prophets of the seventeenth century - D Purkiss Chapter

The challenges to patriarchalism: how did the Revolution affect women? - P Crawford Chapter | This is concerned with the 1650s

Women in combat (1 items)

‘Give mee a Souldier's Coat’: Female Cross-Dressing during the English Civil War - MARK STOYLE, 2018-01 Article

Sessions 17 & 18: Parliamentary Politics 1644-1645 (16 items)

The Stuart parliaments, 1603-1689 - David L. Smith, 1999 Book | pp. 89-90, 129-36 provide the best brief introduction to the complex and shifting patterns of party in Parliament.

The emergence of adversary politics in the Long Parliament - Mark Kishlansky Chapter | This is also useful as a brief introduction.

For more detailed studies of the groups labelled 'Presbyterians' and the 'Independents', see: (7 items)

The problem of the Presbyterian Independents - J.H. Hexter Chapter | Originally published in American Historical Review (Oct. 1938)

The 'Royal Independents' in the English Civil War - Valerie Pearl, 1968 Article

Parliamentary management, men-of-business and the House of Lords - J.S.A. Adamson Chapter

Cromwell and the Self-Denying Ordinance - A.N.B. Cotton

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Article

Oliver Cromwell and the Long Parliament - J.S.A. Adamson Chapter | Chapter 3

Pride's purge: politics in the Puritan revolution - David Underdown, 1971 Book | Chapters 3-4

The 'Northern Gentlemen', the Parliamentary Independents, and Anglo-Scottish Relations in the Long Parliament - David Scott, 1999 Article

Constitutional royalism and the search for settlement, c. 1640-1649 - David L. Smith, 1994 Book | Esp. Chapter 5, which discusses the failed peace negotiations.

The journal of Thomas Juxon, 1644-1647 - Keith Lindley, D. Scott, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), 1999 Book | This is an important source for political machinations in London.

Steps to War: The Scots and Parliament, 1642-1643 - Lawrence Kaplan, 1970 Article | This summarises his much longer Politics and Religion during the English Revolution (1976)

The Politics of Sir Thomas Fairfax Reassessed - LUKE DAXON, 2005-10 Article

Oliver Cromwell and the Performance of Parliament's Armies in the Newbury Campaign, 20 October-21 November 1644 - MALCOLM WANKLYN, 2011-01 Article | The argument between Oliver Cromwell and the earl of Manchester can be followed in this article.

A General Much Maligned: The Earl of Manchester as Army Commander in the Second Newbury Campaign (July to November 1644) - Malcolm Wanklyn, 2007-04 Article | The above article, also by Wanklyn, followed on from this one. Both articles were a reaction against the traditional account summarised in Bruce and Masson, below.

The quarrel between the Earl of Manchester and Oliver Cromwell: an episode of the English Civil War : unpublished documents relating thereto - John Bruce, David Masson, Camden Society (Great Britain), 1875 Book

Sessions 19 & 20: A Soldier's Life (24 items)

General works (4 items)

There are many printed primary sources available from EEBO, of which I would particularly recommend:

Observations upon military & political affairs - George Monck Albemarle, 17th cent Heath,

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John, 1671 Book

The complete soldier: military books and military culture in early Stuart England, 1603-1645 - David R. Lawrence, 2009 Book | This is a good book on military literature and its influence in England.

Battle-scarred: mortality, medical care and military welfare in the British civil wars - David Appleby, Andrew Hopper, 2018 Book

Motivation, leadership, training (1 items)

The English people and the English revolution - Brian Manning, 1991 Book | The letters of Nehemiah Wharton raise issues of motivation and popular agency. See especially the Introductio and Chapter 8.

Fighting (4 items)

War in England, 1642-1649 - Barbara Donagan, c2008 Book

Going to the wars: the experience of the British civil wars, 1638-1651 - Charles Carlton, 1992 Book

The impact of the fighting - C Carlton Chapter | Chapter 1.

As stated earlier, Carlton has his critics, so read with care.

Feeding and tending (4 items)

Civil Supply in the Civil War: Supply of Victuals to the New Model Army on the Naseby Campaign, 1-14 June 1645 - Aryeh J. S. Nusbacher, 2000 Article

Justice to the maimed soldier: nursing, medical care and welfare for sick and wounded soldiers and their families during the English civil wars and interregnum, 1642-1660 - Eric Gruber von Arni, c2001 Book | See for an account of the medical care of the wounded.

Battle-scarred: mortality, medical care and military welfare in the British civil wars - David Appleby, Andrew Hopper, 2018

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Book

Pensioners and war widows (3 items) For both this seminar and the impact on localities, you might have a look at work done on the experience of maimed soldiers and war widows, such as:

Unnecessary persons? Maimed soldiers and war widows in Essex 1642-1662 - D.J. Appleby, 2001 Article

'Memories of the Maimed': The Testimony of Charles I's Former Soldiers, 1660-1730 - Mark Stoyle, 2003-04 Article

Negotiating for blood money: war widows and the courts in seventeenth-century England - G Hudson Chapter

Codes, conduct and atrocities (8 items)

Prisoners in the English Civil War - Barbara Donagan, March 1991 Article

Atrocity, War Crime, and Treason in the English Civil War - Barbara Donagan, 1994-10 Article

THE WEB OF HONOUR: SOLDIERS, CHRISTIANS, AND GENTLEMEN IN THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR - BARBARA DONAGAN, 2001-6 Article

Codes and Conduct in the English Civil War - Barbara Donagan, 1988 Article | Looks at the rules of war.

Massacre and codes of conduct in the English Civil War - W Coster Chapter

The officer corps and army command in Britain and Wales, 1620-1660 - Martyn Bennett Chapter

Regulating religion and morality in the king's armies, 1639-1646 - Margaret Griffin, ebrary, Inc, 2004 Book

War and Disorder: policing the soldiers in Civil War Yorkshire - Ronan Bennett Chapter | Contains loads of juicy primary sources in the footnotes.

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Sessions 21 & 22: Civil War and Scotland (28 items)

Urban politics and British civil wars [electronic resource] : Edinburgh, 1617-53 / by Laura A.M. Stewart. Book | This is specifically about the civil wars as it affected Scotland, and might be a good place to start.

Soldiers and strangers: an ethnic history of the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2005 Book | This is more predicated on Wales and Cornwall.

The civil wars in Scotland - E.M. Furgol Chapter

Irish, Scottish and Welsh responses to centralisation c. 1530-c. 1640: a comparative perspective - N Cany Chapter

Useful books on Scotland's relevance in the conflicts include: (9 items)

An uncounselled king: Charles I and the Scottish troubles, 1637-1641 - Peter Donald, 1990 Book

Charles I and the making of the covenanting movement, 1625-1641 - Allan I. Macinnes, c1991 Book

The 'Scottish Moment', 1638-1645 - A. MacInnes Chapter

Aristocratic Finances and the Origins of the Scottish Revolution - Keith Brown, 1989 Article

The Government of Scotland under the covenanters, 1637-1651 - David Stevenson, 1982 Book

The bishops' wars: Charles I's campaigns against Scotland, 1638-1640 - Mark Charles Fissel, 1994 Book | Covers the military-history of the Bishops' Wars.

Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660 - F. D. Dow, c1979 Book | Although it concentrates on the English occupation of Scotland after 1651, it is worth having a look at this.

The New Model Army: in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645-1653 - I. J. Gentles, 1992 Book

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Royalists At War In Scotland And Ireland 16381650 - Barry Robertson, 2014 Book

Revolution and counter-revolution in Scotland, 1644-1651 - David Stevenson, 1977 Book | Deals with the period that followed the Bishops' Wars.

The impact of the Scottish intervention in the English conflict in 1643, and again in 1648 is discussed in various books on the so-called 'English Civil War' cited in earlier seminars (such as Ashton's Counter-Revolution). Important figures in the history of Scotland at this time included James, Marquis (later Duke) of Hamilton; James Graham, Marquis of Montrose; Alexander Leslie, Earl of Leven; General David Leslie; and Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll. For commanders of the occupying forces, see George Monck (first Duke of Albemarle) and Robert Liburne. All can be looked up in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online. The memoirs of Lt-Gen. Edmund Ludlow cover both Scotland and Ireland.

The memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, lieutenant-general of the horse in the army of the Commonwealth of England, 1625-1672 - Edmund Ludlow, C. H. Firth, 1894 Book

I am painfully aware that the list of works relating to Montrose's campaigns is full of aged and creaky items. I'll be looking hard to find more up-to-date work. However, initial searches through BBIH suggest that this topic has been neglected in recent decades, so ripe for a budding historian to revisit and revise! To get an overview of the war in Scotland, best to start with the ever-reliable Ian Gentles.

The campaigns of Montrose: a military history of the Civil War in Scotland 1639-1646 - Stuart Reid, 1990 Book | Stuart isn't an academic historian, but he knows his stuff.

Montrose: the kings' champion - Max Hastings, 1977 Book | Might be worth a quick look.

Montrose - C. V. Wedgwood, 1961, c1952 Book | From a more academic historian.

Highland warrior: Alasdair MacColla and the Civil Wars - David Stevenson, 2014 Book

The British confederate: Archibald Campbell, Marquess of Argyll, 1607-1661 - Allan I. Macinnes, 2011 Book

The rise and fall of the Covenanter parliaments, 1639-1651 - J.J. Scally Chapter

Articles on Anglo-Scots relations during this time are: (4 items)

The Barwis Affair: political allegiance and the Scots during the British Civil Wars - D Scott, 2000

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Article

ENGLISH FUNDING OF THE SCOTTISH ARMIES IN ENGLAND AND IRELAND, 1640–1648 - LAURA A. M. STEWART, 2009-9 Article

The English, the Scots and the Dilemmas of Union, 1638-1654 - J.S. Morrill, 2005 Article

ECONOMIC CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE SCOTTISH INVASIONS OF NORTH-EAST ENGLAND, 1637–1647 - Matthew R Greenhall, 2012-09 Article

Sessions 23 & 24: The Impact on Civilian Communities (67 items)

General (6 items)

The civil wars experienced [electronic resource] : Britain and Ireland, 1638-1661 / Martyn Bennett. Book

The war and the people - D Pennington Chapter | Chapter 5

Parish and people: south Warwickshire in the Civil War - P Tennant Chapter | Chapter 8

War, property and the bonds of society: England's 'unnatural' civil wars - B Donagan Chapter

Horses, people and Parliament in the English Civil War : extracting resources and constructing allegiance / Gavin Robinson. Book

Mutiny and Discontent in English Provincial Armies 1645-1647 - J. S. Morrill, 1972 Article | This has much useful collateral information on the impact on civilian communities.

The Civil Wars in the Localities (25 items) There are dozens of county and local studies, many of them arising from the 'county community' school of early modern studies so influential from the 1960s to the 1980s. It is often worth referring to them for accounts of the outbreak, progress, conduct, impact of and reactions to the war. Here are a few, from the very old to the very recent. The quality and depth of the work varies enormously, as authors range from professional academics, to antiquaries, to amateur enthusiasts. This is just a sample:

Gloucester and the Civil War: a city under siege - Malcolm Atkin, Wayne Laughlin, 1992

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Worcestershire under arms: an English county during the Civil Wars - Malcolm Atkin, Worcestershire County Council, 2004 Book

Devon and Exeter in the Civil War - Eugene Arthur Andriette, 1971 Book

The Great Civil War in Lancashire, 1642-1651 - Ernest Broxap, 1973 Book

The Civil War in Worcestershire, 1642-1646, and the Scotch invasion of 1651 - J. W. Willis Bund, 1979 Book

Cornwall in the great Civil War and Interregnum, 1642-1660: a social and political study - Mary Coate, 1933 Book

Faction and faith: politics and religion of the Cornish gentry before the Civil War - Anne Duffin, c1996 Book

The community of Kent and the Great Rebellion, 1640-60 - Alan Everitt, 1966 Book

A county community in peace and war: Sussex 1600-1660 - Anthony Fletcher, 1975 Book

Politics, society and civil war in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 - Ann Hughes, 1987 Book

The Eastern Association in the English Civil War - Clive Holmes, 1974 Book

Seventeenth-century Lincolnshire - Clive Holmes, Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology. History of Lincolnshire Committee, 1980 Book

Parliamentary tyranny? Indemnity proceedings and the impact of the Civil War: a case study from Warwickshire - A.L. Hughes, 1986 Article

Staffordshire and the Great Rebellion - D. A. Johnson, David George Vaisey, 1964 Book

Norfolk in the Civil War: a portrait of a society in conflict - R. W. Ketton-Cremer, 1969 Book

The making of a ruling class: the Glamorgan gentry 1640-1790 - Philip Jenkins, 1983

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Book

Cheshire, 1630-1660: county government and society during the English Revolution - J. S. Morrill, 1974 Book

The Civil War in the Trent Valley - Andrew Polkey, 1992 Book

The Civil War in the Midlands, 1642-1651 - Roy Edward Sherwood, Roy Edward Sherwood, 1992 Book

Derbyshire in the Civil War - Brian Stone, 1992 Book

From deliverance to destruction: rebellion and civil war in an English city - Mark Stoyle, 1996 Book

Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum - David Underdown, 1973 Book

Fire from heaven: life in an English town in the seventeenth century - David Underdown, 1994 Book

Cambridge during the Civil War, 1642-1646 - Frederick John Varley, 1935 Book

Civil War, interregnum and restoration in Gloucestershire, 1640-1672 - A. R. Warmington, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), 1997 Book

The 'county community' debate (4 items) The county community debate raged from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, and has now flared up again. We'll discuss this in this session.

The county community in seventeenth-century England and Wales [electronic resource] / edited by Jacqueline Eales and Andrew Hopper. Book

The most relevant works by the main protagonists are: (3 items)

The local community and the Great Rebellion - Alan Everitt, Historical Association (Great Britain), 1969 Book

The County Community in Stuart Historiography - Clive Holmes, 1980 Article

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The King, the Parliament, and the Localities during the English Civil War - Ann Hughes, 1985 Article

Clubmen (12 items)

Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-1660 - F. D. Dow, 1985 Book

Somerset in the Civil War and Interregnum - David Underdown, 1973 Book | pp. 86-117

The Chalk and the Cheese: Contrasts among the English Clubmen - David Underdown, 1979 Article | Reproduced in R. Cust and A.L. Hughes (eds.), The English Civil War (1997), pp. 287-310.

Revel, riot, and rebellion: popular politics and culture in England 1603-1660 - David Underdown, 1985 Book | Use the index.

The Worcestershire clubmen in the English Civil War - R Hutton, 1979-1980 Article

The Worcestershire clubmen of 1645 - C.D. Gilbert, 1996 Article

The Herefordshire clubmen: a reassessment - P Gladwish, 1985 Article

The war, the people, and the absence of clubmen in the Midlands - S Osborne, 1994 Article

An account of Herefordshire in the First Civil War - I Atherton, 1996 Article

Loyalty and locality: popular allegiance in Devon during the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 1994 Book | Esp. chapter 6

The revolt of the provinces: conservatives and radicals in the English Civil War, 1630-1650 - J. S. Morrill, 1980 Book

The clubmen of the West Riding of Yorkshire during the First Civil War: Bradford club-law - A.J. Hopper, May 2000 Article

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Population (3 items)

Chapter 11, More to spoil than to serve Chapter | pp. 201-214

The impact of the fighting - C Carlton Chapter

Epidemics, mortality and the Civil War in Berkshire, 1642-6 - J.A. Dils, 1989 Article | Reprinted in R.C. Richardson (ed.), The English Civil Wars: Local Aspects (1997), ch. 7.

Taxation, plunder, military misconduct (9 items)

Contribution and assessment: financial exactions in the First Civil War, 1642-1646 - M. Bennett, 1985 Article

'My plundered townes, my houses devastation': the Civil War and North Midlands life, 1642-1646 - M. Bennett, 1997 Article

The civil wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638-1651 - Martyn Bennett, 1997 Book | Chapter 7

Chapter 11, More to spoil than to serve Chapter | Chapter 11

'Tinker' Fox and the Politics of Garrison Warfare in the West Midlands, 1643-50 - Andrew Hopper, 1999-06 Article

War and disorder: policing the soldiers in Civil War Yorkshire - R Bennett Chapter

Politics, society and civil war in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 - Ann Hughes, 1987 Book | Esp. pp. 255-271

The accounts of the kingdom: memory, community and the English Civil War - A.L. Hughes, 2016 Article

The third army: wandering soldiers and the negotiation of parliamentary authority, 1642-1651 - D.J. Appleby Chapter

Landowners, Estates and Economics (5 items)

Landlords and estate management in England: the Civil War and Interregnum - C Clay

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Chapter

Gentry Finances and the Civil War: The Case of the Buckinghamshire Verneys - John Broad, 1979-05 Article

Landowners and the Civil War - H. J. Habakkuk, 1965 Article

England Turned Germany? The Aftermath of the Civil War in Its European Context - Ian Roy , 1978 Article

The economic and social impact of the Civil War upon London - S Porter Chapter

Property Destruction (3 items)

Destruction in the English Civil Wars - S. Porter, 1994 Book

Property Destruction in the English Civil Wars - S Porter, August 1986 Article

'Whole streets converted to ashes': property destruction in Exeter during the English Civil War - M Stoyle, 1994 Article | Reproduced in R.C. Richardson (ed.), The English Civil Wars: Local Aspects (1997), chapter 5.

Sessions 25 & 26: 1647: Politicising the New Model Army (35 items)

The text of the Putney debates is in: (2 items)

Puritanism and liberty: being the Army debates (1647-9) from the Clarke manuscripts with supplementary documents - William Clarke, A. S. P. Woodhouse, Ivan Alan Roots, Great Britain. Army, 1974 Book | Other editions available.

The Putney debates of 1647: the army, the Levellers, and the English state - Michael Mendle, c2001 Book | This is a fairly recent overview of the Putney Debates, and includes many useful

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essays such as Ian Gentles' 'The Agreements of the People and their political contexts, 1647-1649' (pp. 148-174).

Soldiers and statesmen: the General Council of the Army and its debates, 1647-1648 - Austin Woolrych, 1987 Book

Ideology and politics in the Parliamentary armies, 1645-9 - M Kishlansky Chapter | Chapter 7

The Army and the Levellers: The Roads to Putney - Mark A. Kishlansky, 1979-12 Article

Consensus Politics and the Structure of Debate at Putney - Mark A. Kishlansky, 1981 Article

The rise of the New Model Army - Mark A. Kishlansky, 1979 Book

The problem of idemnity, 1647-1648 - Robert Ashton Chapter | A useful article on the army's concerns about war crimes.

The Army Revolt of 1647 - J.S. Morrill Chapter | Chapter 16; also in A.C. Duke and C.A. Tamse (eds.), War and Society (Britain and the Netherlands, vol. 6, 1977).

MUTINY AND DISCONTENT IN ENGLISH PROVINCIAL ARMIES 1645–1647 - J. S. Morrill, 1972 Article | Reprinted in J.S. Morrill (ed.), The Nature of the English Revolution (1993), ch. 17.

The Ware Mutiny, 1647: order restored or revolution defeated? - Alan Thomson, Ware Museum Trust, 1996 Book

What Happened at Ware? - Mark A. Kishlansky, 1982-12 Article

The Ware Mutiny, 1647: order restored or revolution defeated? - Alan Thomson, Ware Museum Trust, 1996 Book

The Politics of Sir Thomas Fairfax Reassessed - LUKE DAXON, 2005-10 Article

Forlorn hope: soldier radicals of the seventeenth century - Antonia Southern, 2001 Book

Radicalism in the English Revolution, 1640-1660 - F. D. Dow, 1985 Book | A good introduction to the Levellers.

From Lollards to Levellers - C Hill

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Chapter | Hill suggests continuity in a radical heretical underground.

From Rebellion to Revolution: The Crisis of the Winter of 1642/3 and the Origins of Civil War Radicalism - David Wootton, 1990 Article | Takes a different approach from Hill. Reprinted in R. Cust and A.L. Hughes (eds.), The English Civil War (1997), chapter 13.

The Levellers and Christianity - J.C. Davis Chapter

The Levellers and the franchise - K Thomas Chapter

The Levellers and Natural Law: The Putney Debates of 1647 - Richard A. Gleissner, 1980 Article

The Levellers - Howard Shaw, 1968 Book

The biographical dictionary of British radicals in the seventeenth century - Richard L. Greaves, Robert Zaller, 1982 Book | Short biographies of key Levellers can be found in this, and in ODNB.

The English people and the English revolution - Brian Manning, 1991 Book | Esp. chapters 9-10

Leveller manifestoes of the Puritan Revolution - Don Marion Wolfe, 1944 Book

The Levellers and the English revolution - Henry Noel Brailsford, Christopher Hill, 1998 Book | Available in other editions.

The Levellers: a history of the writings of three seventeenth-century social democrats, John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn - Joseph Frank, 1969 Book

Free-born John: a biography of John Lilburne - Pauline Gregg, 1961 Book | This is the best biography of the Leveller John Lilburne.

The Levellers in the English revolution - G. E. Aylmer, 1975 Book

Gender and politics in Leveller literature - A.L. Hughes Chapter | Chapter 7

Tracts on liberty in the Puritan revolution, 1638-1647 - William Haller, 1965 Book | Contains many Leveller documents.

The Secret Printing and Publishing Career of Richard Overton the Leveller, 1644-46 - D. R. Adams, 2010-03-01 Article

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The Council of Officers' Agreement of the People, 1648/9* - Barbara Taft, 1985-3 Article

The new model officer corps in 1647: A collective portrait∗ - Ian Gentles, 1997-05 Article

Sessions 27 & 28: 1648: The Second Civil War (13 items)

General Background (5 items) All the general textbooks have accounts of the civil war.

The civil wars in Britain and Ireland, 1638-1651 - Martyn Bennett, 1997 Book | Chapters 10-11

England in conflict, 1603-1660: kingdom, community, commonwealth - Derek Hirst, 1999 Book | Chapter 10

Counter-revolution: the second civil war and its origins, 1646-8 - Robert Ashton, 1994 Book | This is by far the best and most detailed - but be warned that it will take longer to read than the second civil war lasted!

Revolt in the provinces: the people of England and the tragedies of war, 1630-1648 - J. S. Morrill, 1999 Book | Contains some perceptive comments on the second civil war.

Pride's purge: politics in the Puritan revolution - David Underdown, 1971 Book | See for the politics.

The situation in London (2 items)

The Struggle for London in the Second Civil War* - Ian Gentles, 1983-6 Article

London's Counter-Revolution - V Pearl Chapter

Out in the provinces in 1648 (4 items)

'A bastard kind of militia': localism and tactics in the Second Civil War - S Barber Chapter | Chapter 6

The East Midlands and the Second Civil War, May to July, 1648. Alexander Prize, 1922 - E. W. Hensman, 1923 Article

"The Gear Rout": The Cornish Rising of 1648 and the Second Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2000-21

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Article

'The Great Blow' and the politics of popular royalism in civil-war Norwich - A.J. Hopper, February 2018 Article | This is a detailed look at how Parliament came to lose support in its East Anglian heartland by 1648.

The Navy Revolt (2 items)

The desertion of a large section of the parliamentarian navy to the royalists might have proved disastrous.

There are also many printed primary sources on the naval revolt to be had in Early English Books Online.

The English Naval Revolt of 1648 - D. E. KENNEDY, 1962 Article

Sessions 29 & 30: 1649: Regicide and the Fall of the Monarchy (24 items)

The trial of Charles I - C. V. Wedgwood, 1964 Book | This is the standard account.

The Trial of Charles I - C.V. Wedgwood Chapter | Chapter 3

Pride's purge: politics in the Puritan revolution - David Underdown, 1971 Book

The Rump Parliament, 1648-1653 - Blair Worden, 1974 Book | Chapters 2-3

The regicides and the execution of Charles I - Jason Peacey, 2001 Book

Sean Kelsey is busy overturning the old orthodoxies of Wedgwood and others, so you should read at least some of his work: (6 items)

The Trial of Charles I: a new perspective - S Kelsey, January 1999 Article

Staging the Trial of Charles I - Sean Kelsey Chapter

The Trial of Charles I - Sean Kelsey, June 2003 Article

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The Ordinance for the trial of Charles I - Sean Kelsey, 2003-08 Article

Politics and Procedure in the Trial of Charles I - Sean Kelsey, 2004-21 Article

Inventing a republic: the political culture of the English Commonwealth 1649-1653 - Sean Kelsey, 1997 Book | You may find something useful in this.

The King on the Scaffold - K Stanniland, January 1999 Article

England's "Black Tribunal": An Analysis of the Regicide Court - William L. Sachse, 1973 Article

The Numbers of English Regicides - A.W. McIntosh, 1982 Article

"Charles Stuart, That Man of Blood" - Patricia Crawford, 1977 Article

1649: the crisis of the English Revolution - Brian Manning, 1992 Book | As with all of Manning's works, you will find some academics like his writing, while others disagree strongly.

Cromwell's legacy - Jane A. Mills, 2012 Book | Most biographies of Cromwell deal with the regicide at some length. This has some useful material in the essays.

Eikon basilike: the portraiture of His Sacred Majesty in his solitudes and sufferings - Philip A. Knachel, John Gauden, Charles, 1966 Book | Available in many editions.

Eikon Basilike and the rhetoric of self-representation - E.S. Wheeler Chapter

The King's Book: Eikon Basilike and the English Revolution of 1649 - Sean Kelsey Chapter

The trial of Charles the First, King of England: before the High Court of Justice, for high-treason: begun January 20, in the 24th year of his reign, and continued to the 27th. To which is added, the Journal of the High-Court of Justice, for the trial of the King, as it was read in the House of Commons, ... With additions, by J. Nalson - John Nalson, Charles, England and Wales. High Court of Justice for the Trying and Judging of Charles Stuart, King of England, 1740 Book

Making the news: an anthology of the newsbooks of revolutionary England, 1641-1660 - Joad Raymond, 1993 Book | Chapter 5 includes details of newsbooks relating to the regicide

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The cult of King Charles the martyr - Andrew Lacey, c2003 Book | You might also have a look at the cult of the royal martyr which arose after Charles' execution, best summarised here.

Mission Impossible: Charles I, Oliver Cromwell and the Regicide - M. Kishlansky, 2010-07-26 Article

Sessions 31 & 32: Ireland: 1640-1649 (46 items)

By now you should be in the habit of looking through the bibliographies of books to see what other sources you can utilise - in addition to the suggested reading listed here for each session.

Celtic dimensions of the British Civil Wars: proceedings of the Second Conference of the Research Centre in Scottish History, University of Strathclyde - John R. Young, University of Strathclyde. Research Centre in Scottish History. Conference, c1997 Book | A useful book on the overall 'Celtic' question, which features essays by historians on Irish and Scottish aspects of the conflict. The endnotes of these essays feature many useful leads into both primary and secondary literature.

The Road to Farndon Field: Explaining the Massacre of the Royalist Women at Naseby - M. Stoyle, 2008-08-01 Article | An important article which brings together many threads between the Celtic dimension and the conflict in England.

The wider context of the debate (4 items)

The British problem, c.1534-1707: state formation in the Atlantic Archipelago - Brendan Bradshaw, J. S. Morrill, 1996 Book | See particularly the chapter by J.G.A. Pocock, 'The Atlantic Archipelago and the War of the Three Kingdoms'.

Three Kingdoms and One Commonwealth?: The Enigma of Seventeenth-Century Britain and Ireland - J.S. Morrill Chapter

Protestant war: the 'British' of Ireland and the wars of the three kingdoms - Robert Armstrong, 2005 Book

Confederate Catholics at war, 1641-49 - Pádraig Lenihan, Irish Committee of Historical Sciences, 2001 Book

General histories of Ireland include: (7 items)

Modern Ireland 1600-1972 - R. F. Foster, 1989 Book

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The Oxford illustrated history of Ireland - R. F. Foster, 1989 Book

Consolidating conquest : Ireland 1603-1727 / Pa ́ draig Lenihan. Book

Irish Battles - G. A. Hayes-McCoy, June 1989 Book | Several battles are discussed herein.

Ireland from independence to occupation, 1641-1660 - Jane H. Ohlmeyer, 2002 Book

Conflicting Loyalties, Conflicted Rebels: Political and Religious Allegiance among the Confederate Catholics of Ireland - T. O Hannrachain, 2004 Article

Royalists At War In Scotland And Ireland 16381650 - Barry Robertson, 2014 Book

Elizabethan military intervention in Ireland (6 items)

Beyond Reform: Martial Law & the Tudor Reconquest of Ireland - David Edwards, Summer 1997 Article

Contesting the Sovereignty of Early Modern Ireland - Christopher Maginn, Nov-Dec. 2007 Article

Overmighty Officers: "The Irish Lord Deputyship in the Early Modern British State" - Hiram Morgan, Winter 1999 Article

'Never any realm worse governed': Queen Elizabeth and Ireland - H Morgan, 2004 Article

Gaelic Lordship and Tudor Conquest: Tír Eoghain, 1541-1603 - Hiram Morgan, 2005 Article

Gender, Violence, and Rebellion in Tudor and Early Stuart Ireland - William Palmer, 1992-24 Article

The 1641 Irish Rebellion (9 items)

The causes of the English Civil War: the Ford lectures delivered in the University of Oxford, 1987-1988 - Conrad Russell, 1990

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Book | Along with 'Fall' below lays great stress on the 1641 Irish rebellion as a factor.

The fall of the British monarchies, 1637-1642 - Conrad Russell, 1991 Book

The Impact of the 1641 Rebellion upon England and Wales, 1641-5 - Keith Lindley, 1972 Article | Good for a reminder of the impact of the Rebellion on England.

The Popular Fear of Catholics during the English Revolution - Robin Clifton, 1971 Article | Reprinted in P. Slack (ed.), Rebellion, Popular Protest & the Social Order in Early Modern England (1984), ch. 7.

Constructing Discord: Ideology, Propaganda, and English Responses to the Irish Rebellion of 1641 - Ethan Howard Shagan, 1997 Article | This is a crucial reappraisal.

Staffordshire and the 1641 Irish Rebellion - M Cooksley, I Atherton, 2001 Article

The figure of James Butler, Marquis of Ormonde is a central character, so have a look at his entry in the Oxford Dictionary of Biography (available online through the University Library) and note the bibliography.

The outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 - M. Perceval-Maxwell, c1994 Book

The Irish rebellion of 1641 and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms - Eamon Darcy, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), c2013 Book

Cromwell's campaign in Ireland, 1649 (17 items)

The curse of Cromwell: a history of the Ironside conquest of Ireland, 1649-53 - D. M. R. Esson, 1971 Book | Among the many works that portray Cromwell as a butcher.

Cromwell: an honourable enemy - Tom Reilly, 2000, c1999 Book | This seeks to exonerate Cromwell - and (whether you agree with Reilly or not) features some transcripts and a large bibliography at the back of his book.

Tom Reilly: Cromwell, My Declaration of War | Edward Vallance Webpage | Have a look at Ted Vallance's blog for some discussion of Reilly's one-man campaign.

God's executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the conquest of Ireland - Micheál Ó Siochrú, c2008 Book | A recent book on the subject.

God’s Executioner: Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland | Reviews in History Webpage | You might find it interesting to have a look at Jason Peachey's review of God's Executioner and O Siochru's response, below.

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Response to Review no. 777 | Reviews in History - Michael O Siochru Webpage

Cromwell in Ireland - James Scott Wheeler, c1999 Book | This is a straightforward military narrative.

Cromwellian Ireland: English government and reform in Ireland, 1649-1660 - T. C. Barnard, c1975 Book

Barbara Donagan's articles (see reading for earlier sessions) have references to Ireland.

The New Model Army: in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645-1653 - I. J. Gentles, 1992 Book

Ireland and the war at sea, 1641-1653 - Elaine Murphy, Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), c2012 Book

Military regulations for the New Model in Ireland (a kind of early modern 'rules of engagement') can be downloaded from Early English Books Online. See also the many biographies of Oliver Cromwell (there are now well over 100), all of which deal with the campaign of 1649 at varying lengths and from varying viewpoints; a good place to start is below.

Roundhead reputations: the English civil wars and the passions of posterity - Blair Worden, 2001 Book

It might be helpful to compare Barbara Donagan's articles on military codes and conduct (see session on 'A Soldier's Life' above) with studies specifically concerning Ireland:

Atrocity, Codes of Conduct and the Irish in the British Civil Wars 1641 1653 - M. O Siochru, 2007-05-01 Article

ATROCITIES AT SEA AND THE TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF WAR BY THE PARLIAMENTARY NAVY IN IRELAND, 1641–1649 - ELAINE MURPHY, 2010-3 Article

Minutes of courts martial held in Dublin in the years 1651—3 [with index] - Heather MacLean, Ian Gentles, Michael O Siochru, 2011 Article

Sessions 33 & 34: Wales and Cornwall during the Civil Wars (18 items)

Secondary works on Wales and Cornwall are still relatively sparse - although there is much

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seventeenth-century material to be had in EEBO. However there are some useful titles:

Soldiers and strangers: an ethnic history of the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2005 Book | This is the most obvious place to start.

The Civil War in North Wales and Chester - Norman Tucker, October 29, 2003 Book

English 'Nationalism', Celtic Particularism, and the English Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2000 Article

Rediscovering Difference?: Nations, Peoples and Politics in the British Civil Wars - Lloyd Bowen, 2006-09 Article | This is very good for its survey of the historiography.

Representations of Wales and the Welsh during the civil wars and Interregnum - Lloyd Bowen, 2004-08 Article

Studies in Stuart Wales - A. H. Dodd, 1952 Book

A nation under siege: the civil war in Wales 1642-48 - Peter Gaunt, Cadw (Organization : Great Britain), 1991 Book

The Royalist war effort 1642-1646 [electronic resource] / Ronald Hutton. Book

General background reading includes: (7 items)

The Foundations of modern Wales, 1642-1780 - Geraint H. Jenkins, 1987 Book

British identities before nationalism [electronic resource] : ethnicity and nationhood in the Atlantic world, 1600-1800 / Colin Kidd. Book

Recovery, reorientation and reformation: Wales, c.1415-1642 - Glanmor Williams, 1987 Book

The English Reformation and Identity Formation in Wales and Ireland - B Bradshaw Chapter

Seventeenth-Century Wales: definition and identity - P. Jenkins Chapter

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Irish, Scottish and Welsh responses to centralisation c. 1530-c. 1640: a comparative perspective - N Canny Chapter

'Pagans or Paragons?': Images of the Cornish during the English Civil War - M Stoyle, April 1996 Article | Article that is specifically on Cornwall in the Civil Wars.

"The Gear Rout": The Cornish Rising of 1648 and the Second Civil War - Mark Stoyle, 2000-21 Article

Sessions 35 & 36: 1650-1651: The Third Civil War (14 items)

CHARLES II, EXILE, AND THE PROBLEM OF ALLEGIANCE - NICOLE GREENSPAN, 2011-3 Article | This is a survey of changing allegiances.

Aside from the works of J.W. Willis-Bund (The Civil War in Worcestershire and The Battle of Worcester) - written a century or so ago - the only sizeable modern study of the campaign appears to be M. Atkin, Cromwell's Crowning Mercy: The Battle of Worcester, 1651 (1998). D.J. Appleby, 'Essex Men at the Battle of Worcester', English Civil War Times, 52 (1997), pp. 24-8, is an account written for a popular rather than an academic market, although it does utilise manuscript material.

The Civil War in Worcestershire, 1642-1646, and the Scotch invasion of 1651 - J. W. Willis Bund, 1979 Book

Cromwell's crowning mercy: the Battle of Worcester 1651 - Malcolm Atkin, 1998 Book

General histories of the Civil Wars cited earlier carry accounts of the Worcester campaign; so it is best to start there.

The New Model Army: in England, Ireland and Scotland, 1645-1653 - I. J. Gentles, 1992 Book | Covers Dunbar and Worcester.

The Army in Cromwellian England, 1649-1660 - Henry Reece, 2013 Book | Note that despite this sexy title 'Cromwellian England' only existed from 1653 to 1658.

Cromwell and the Scots - L.A.M. Stuart Chapter

The civil wars in Scotland - E.M. Furgol Chapter

As regards the escape of Charles II from Worcester, accounts include:

The escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester - Richard Lawrence Ollard, 2002,

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c1986 Book

Charles II's escape from Worcester - Samuel Pepys, William Matthews, 1966 Book

The Boscobel tracts: relating to the escape of Charles the Second after the battle of Worcester and his subsequent adventures - Thomas Blount, Edward Hyde Clarendon, John Hughes, 1857 Book | This is a valuable resource, which includes Charles II's account as dictated to Samuel Pepys. A great many of the documents in the Tracts, however, can be found by a search through Early English Books Online. Other places to look include the many biographies of Oliver Cromwell and Charles II.

Essex Men at the Battle of Worcester - David Appleby, 1997 Article

Session 37: Civil War in the British Atlantic, 1640-1652 (15 items)

The English Atlantic in an age of revolution, 1640-1661 [electronic resource] / Carla Gardina Pestana. Book | This is a particularly useful book. Sadly, it does not feature a bibliography, which means that you will have to trawl through the endnotes (this is a bind, which is why we insist that students supply a bibliography as well as footnotes in their essays - pity someone didn't insist on that when Pestana was a student). However, it does have a useful appendix, which lists primary source material on New England (most, if not all of which, you will be able to access via Early English Books Online).

The English Government, war, trade, and settlement 1625-1688 - M.J. Braddick Chapter | This is vol. 1 of the Oxford History of the British Empire

The British Problem and the War of the Three Kingdoms - J.G.A. Pocock Chapter | Surveys links between the Atlantic world and 'British' Civil War historiography.

England's sea empire, 1550-1642 - David B. Quinn, A. N. Ryan, 1983 Book | Esp. chapters 6, 7, and 8; charts the situation up to 1642.

Migration and the origins of the English Atlantic world - Alison Games, c1999 Book | Also charts the situation up to 1642.

No peace beyond the line: the English in the Caribbean, 1624-1690 - Carl Bridenbaugh, Roberta Bridenbaugh, 1972 Book | Has some useful info.

Englishmen transplanted: the English colonization of Barbados, 1627-1660 - Larry Dale Gragg, c2003 Book | Deals with one of the most important (and militarily significant) colonies

The English Caribbees in the Period of the Civil War, 1642-1646 - J. H. Bennett, 1967-07 Article

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The Civil War Politics of London's Merchant Community - Robert Brenner, 1973 Article

British identities before nationalism [electronic resource] : ethnicity and nationhood in the Atlantic world, 1600-1800 / Colin Kidd. Book

The New British History in Atlantic Perspective: An Antipodean Commentary - 1999 Article

Wartime Colonial America - A Starkey Chapter | Combines British Atlantic with impact on localities (and at this time the American colonies were considered 'English localities').

‘God forbid it should come to that’: the feud between Colonel Molesworth and Major-General O'Brien in Portugal, 1663 - DAVID J. APPLEBY Article

Cromwell's navy: the Fleet and the English Revolution, 1648-1660 - B. S. Capp, 1989 Book | Capp helps us understand the power of the Navy under Parliament and then the Protectorate - and thus the ability to control the British Atlantic. Prince Rupert and Prince Maurice didn't really start to operate in the British Atlantic before 1652, but it might be helpful to have a look at biographies of Rupert to get an idea of the royalists' naval capabilities.

A history of Barbados, 1625-1685 - Vincent T. Harlow, 1926 Book | Older books have useful facts and figures, although the historiography may often be creaky.

Session 38: After the Storm: Remembering the Civil Wars (49 items)

You might start with the re-writing of history at the Restoration.

Restoration politics, religion, and culture: Britain and Ireland, 1660-1714 - George Southcombe, Grant Tapsell, 2010 Book | Chapter 1: A recent survey of the impact of the Civil Wars after 1660.

Re-writing a revolution: history, symbol and text in the Restoration - J. Sawday, 1992 Article | My favourite overview of the Restoration regime's attempt to re-write the history of the Civil Wars.

Alternatively, you could have a think about changing allegiances.

'Venerating the honesty of a tinker': the king's friends and the battle for the allegiance of the common people in Restoration England - T Harris Chapter

CHARLES II, EXILE, AND THE PROBLEM OF ALLEGIANCE - NICOLE GREENSPAN, 2011-3 Article

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Or you could concentrate on reconciliation and the post-conflict culture of the Restoration.

Transitional justice theory and reconciling civil war division in English society, circa 1660-1670 - M Harrington Chapter

From Peacemaking to Peacebuilding: The Multiple Endings of England’s Long Civil Wars - Matthew Neufeld, 2015-12 Article

You might even find something of use in one of the following essays by this geezer:

Veteran Politics in Restoration England, 1660–1670 - David J. Appleby, 2013-09 Article

The Restoration county community: a post-conflict culture - D.J. Appleby Chapter

‘God forbid it should come to that’: the feud between Colonel Molesworth and Major-General O'Brien in Portugal, 1663 - DAVID J. APPLEBY Article

Overviews of the Restoration period (10 items) This session is primarily concerned with the after-effects of the Civil Wars on British society, rather than with the Restoration as such; however, it might be an idea to familiarise yourself with the history of the Restoration. This has been undergoing serious revision since the 1980s, so be wary of older histories, such as those by J.H. Plumb or J.R. Jones. The best of the recent overviews are:

Restoration: Charles II and his kingdoms, 1660-1685 - Tim Harris, 2005 Book | This is a bit large.

The Restoration: England in the 1660s - N. H. Keeble, c2002 Book | A shorter alternative.

After the civil wars : English politics and government in the reign of Charles II / John Miller. Book

The Restoration - Paul Seaward, 1991 Book | Is built on his earlier works, below.

The Restoration 1660-1688 - P Seaward Chapter

The Cavalier parliament and the reconstruction of the old regime, 1661-1667 - Paul Seaward, 1989 Book

For the other regions of Britain:

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Restoration Scotland, 1660-1690: royalist politics, religion and ideas - Clare Jackson, c2003 Book

Between Revolutions: Re-Appraising the Restoration in Britain - Gary S. De Krey, 2008-05 Article

The communities of Ireland and the British State, 1660-1707 - J Smyth Chapter

The Restoration re-writing of history (12 items)

Restoration historians and the English Civil War - Royce MacGillivray, c1974 Book | An overview of the way Restoration historians presented the civil wars.

Narrative historical writing in Restoration England: a preliminary survey - D.R. Woolf Chapter

Remembering the English Civil Wars - M.J.D. Stoyle Chapter | A study of folk memory.

Edward Hyde, earl of Clarendon, is still everywhere quoted on aspects of the Civil Wars - but professional historians have known for decades that Clarendon was a biased observer, and that his History of the Rebellion should be approached with caution. Nevertheless, over-reliance on Clarendon by historians over the centuries has coloured the popular history of the conflict.

Clarendon's History of the Rebellion - Ronald Hutton, 1982 Article | This is the best place to start.

Clarendon and the Great Rebellion - R.L. Ollard, 1987 Article

CLARENDON'S 'HISTORY OF THE REBELLION' - HR. Trevor-Roper, 1979 Article

Clarendon and the Great Rebellion - H.R. Trevor-Roper Chapter

Clarendon and the Civil War - Christopher Hill, 1953 Article

Reflections on Clarendon's History of the Rebellion - L.C. Knights, 1948 Article

Clarendon and the art of prose portraiture in the age of Charles II - R.L. Ollard Chapter | Rather more involved, but for those especially interested.

Clarendon, Providence and the Historical Revolution - Michael Finlayson, 1990 Article

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The cult of King Charles Martyr (9 items) Much of this re-writing was to do with the establishment of the cult of Charles I as a martyr (a movement still pursued today by the right-wing lobby group known as The Society of King Charles Martyr (http://wwwskcm.org/), whose patrons have until recently included one of Margaret Thatcher's former ministers). These images were most often presented in sermons given every 30 January (to mark Charles I's death).

The leading historian of the martyr cult is Andrew Lacey: (4 items)

The cult of King Charles the martyr - Andrew Lacey, c2003 Book

'Charles the First and Christ the Second': the creation of a political martyr - A Lacey Chapter

Elegies and commemorative verse in honour of Charles the Martyr, 1649-1660 - A Lacey Chapter

The Office for King Charles the Martyr in the Book of Common Prayer, 1662–1685 - ANDREW LACEY, 2002-7 Article

The Rise and Fall of a Martyrology: Sermons on Charles I - Helen W. Randall, 1947-02 Article

The royal martyr in the Restoration: national grief and national sin - L Potter Chapter

There are many articles on the supposed last thoughts of Charles I, the popular Eikon Basilike, of which the most recent are:

Texts To Be Read - Andrew Lacey, 2007-04 Article

The King's Book: Eikon Basilike and the English Revolution of 1649 - S Kelsey Chapter

The cult of tyrant Cromwell (5 items) Hand-in-hand with the image of King Charles the Martyr went the image of a dour, repressive Interregnum, personified in the image of Oliver Cromwell. By doing this, the royalists attempted to portray the civil wars as a familiar baronial-type war. You might start with:

'That imp of Satan': the Restoration image of Cromwell - Roger Howell Chapter

You will be able to find plenty of images of Cromwell in 30 January and 29 May sermons,

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and all aspects of Restoration literature - variously portrayed as nasty characters from the Old Testament, Caligula and other colourful characters.

The Roasting of the Rump: Scatology and the Body Politic in Restoration England - Angela McShane, 2007 Article

The Roasting of the Rump: Scatology and the Body Politic in Restoration England - Mark Jenner, 2007 Article

'When a disease it selfe doth Cromwel it': the rhetoric of smallpox at the Restoration - D.E. Shuttleton Chapter

Public Images of Charles II (7 items) The mirror image to the Royal Martyr was to present his son as a modern-day King David (i.e. a king who had overcome banishment to return to his people), most often in May 29 sermons (to celebrate Charles II's birthday and his entry into London in 1660); but there were alternative, less flattering images. There are plenty of books and articles on Charles II's escape from Worcester in 1651, as this was part of the royalist re-writing of history.

The escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester - Richard Lawrence Ollard, 2002, c1986 Book | This is the standard modern history (see his bibliography for original printed sources, which you can access via EEBO).

Isaac Fuller's Escape of Charles II: A Restoration Tragicomedy - David H. Solkin, 1999 Article

The Popular Idea of Monarchy on the Eve of the Stuart Restoration - Carolyn A. Edie, 1976-08 Article

Sermons were the vehicles of mass communication at this time, so see: (3 items)

Right rejoicing: Sermons on the occasion of the Stuart restoration 1660 - C.A. Edie, 1979 Article

Black Bartholomew's Day [electronic resource] : preaching, polemic and restoration nonconformity / David J. Appleby. Book | On the other side of the fence, and talks about the politicised preaching still coming from Puritan ministers, particularly their attitudes to Charles II.

'There is none that loves him but drunk whores and whoremongers': popular criticisms of the Restoration court - T Harris Chapter | Tim Harris also writes of the opposition to the restored monarchy (an

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opposition airbrushed out of history until recently).

State Formation and Social Change in Early Modern England: A Problem Stated and Approaches Suggested - Michael Braddick, 1991 Article | Wider thoughts on the legacy of the civil wars.

Online Resources (10 items) Although this seminar guide is a sizeable reading list, it is by no means exhaustive. Be sure to find other sources from looking through bibliographies, footnotes, and by using databases such as the Brepolis Bibliography of British and Irish History Online (go through the University Library portal for this), and the University of Nottingham's NUsearch catalogue. NUsearch can be used to search for many items from the resources below, particularly online journal articles.

Early English Books Online (EEBO)

Early English Books Online is a means of getting digitised page images of seventeenth-century printed works over the internet, which can be read on screen, downloaded or printed. Almost all surviving books and pamphlets published in England or in English before 1700 (including many newsbooks) are available. Over 109,000 books can be searched for in a variety of ways, including author, title, printer, and publication date. An increasing number of the works are also text-searchable. Bibliographic records are linked to high-resolution facsimile images of the works, downloadable in Adobe PDF format. To access EEBO, go to http://eebo.chadwyck.com/home where, having completed your search, you can either view the document images (page-by-page scans of each books) or mark and then download particular titles, which makes printing easier. EEBO is a fantastic tool, which revolutionises the use of printed primary materials. For off-campus access you will need ATHENS authentication; enquire at the computing help desk in the Library if you have not yet obtained your ATHENS identification details.

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB)

Many of the key individuals mentioned in these documents have entries in the ODNB which is a key reference tool for identifying people. A print copy of the ODNB is in the Library; online access is also available via the Library's electronic gateway, or direct from http://www.oxforddnb.com/auth/login. The Portal system should allow you to access all the University's subscribed online services, off-campus, via the University server. If you are on campus, you should be able to log in by clicking on 'Institutional Log-in' and start using the facility.

Google book search

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This allows you to locate and, often, to download older non-copyright books. This is particularly useful for older books on the local aspects of the Civil Wars, such as Willis-Bund's History of the Civil War in Worcestershire, or historic memoirs such as those of the earl of Clarendon or Bishop Gilbert Burnett: http://books.google.co.uk/

JSTOR

lets you search for and, often, download relevant articles. You can access this via the University Library's electronic gateway, or direct at: http://uk.jstor.org/. However, I tend to search NuSearch nowadays, rather than JSTOR, Project Muse or individual online journals.

A2A (Access to Archives)

This is a real beaut. Maintained by the National Archives, it is a massive, powerful database of manuscripts across the UK. As you get used to it, you will be able to search for keywords such as names, places or topics, and see transcripts of letters, petitions and other documents – pulled in from all sorts of obscure collections: http://www.a2a.org.uk/default.asp

Institute of Historical Research

All sorts of goodies and portals to useful (and academically sound) sites. Click on 'Resources' (on the bar near the top of the screen) and you will see what I mean: http://www.history.ac.uk/

H-Albion

The H-network for discussion of British and Irish History – particularly useful for book reviews: http://www.history.ac.uk/.

British History Online

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This website has so many useful things (http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.asp), not least text of the Statutes of the Realm ( http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.asp?type=false&gid=83).

State Papers Online

An absolutely fabulous resource, which I will demonstrate early on in the module!

http://go.galegroup.com/mss/start.do?p=SPOL&u=univnott&authCount=1

Civil War Petitions

I know, I'm plugging it yet again! It will be useful, however: https://www.civilwarpetitions.ac.uk/

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