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Chapter 2 Components of a Personal Computer
Chapter 2 Components of a Personal Computer Every IT professional will be faced with preparing budgets, ordering hardware and software, and contracting for repair services. Thorough familiarity with hardware and software will be necessary to handle these tasks. The hardware portion will be covered in this chapter as well the Computer Organization and Architecture chapter. The Motherboard The Central Processing Unit (CPU) must be connected to memory and the input/output (I/O) modules. The most convenient way of doing this will be designing a printed circuit board having a slot for the CPU, memory and interface cards, and buses for the data, control and address signals. Such a circuit board is called a motherboard. We will be discussing more about these buses and interfaces in the Computer Organization and Architecture chapter. A motherboard is made to service a particular series of CPUs. Therefore, when selecting a motherboard we must assure that it will support the CPU in question. The buses are visible from the bottom side of the motherboard. These buses are specified electrically and mechanically by the number of pins on the connector, and by the voltage used and type of interface cards that plug into the motherboard. On the motherboard in this figure only two types of cards can be plugged in, five PCI and one AGP. Motherboards today come with built-in PS/2 mouse, parallel, serial, USB and keyboard ports and floppy, hard drive (IDE) connectors. Just a few years ago a multi I/O card had to be installed to make some of these ports available. -
HANDOUT – Motherboard Components Objective 101.02
HANDOUT – Motherboard Components Objective 101.02 What are all the things on a motherboard? The motherboard (MB) is the main circuit board in a PC. Everything inside and outside of a computer connects or interfaces with the motherboard in some way. The circuitry that makes up this main circuit board starts with all of the chips and slots installed into the board. All of these individual pieces are permanently connected to the motherboard using an electrically conductive material called solder (pronounced: sodder). Once they are connected to the motherboard, each of these pieces become motherboard components. The components are connected to each other with the little lines on the board, which are called traces. Traces work together to make up groups of electronic circuits between the components, which are called busses. Different bus architectures (e.g., AGP, PCI, PCIe, etc.) carry data through the computer system, connecting all the devices/components of the computer. These busses work differently, but they all have the same basic function already noted. There are two types of motherboard components: Integrated and Expansion components. CPU sockets Each MB must have a main processor called the Central Processing Unit or CPU. A CPU plugs into a socket soldered onto the motherboard. Because the CPU socket is physically part of the motherboard, that means it is integrated into the MB. The CPU and MB have to be matched, much like light bulbs in a socket, which have to match in shape and voltage in order to work correctly, CPUs also have to match the shape and voltage of the socket they are being installed into. -
A Review of MS-DOS Bulletin Board Software Suitable for Long Distance
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 353 977 IR 015 940 AUTHOR Sessa, Anneliese TITLE A Review of MS-DOS Bulletin Board Software Sui:able for Long Distance Learning. PUB DATE 89 NOTE 7p.; For a related paper, see IR 015 939. PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.)(120) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS 'Computer Networks; *Computer Software; Databases; Distance Education; *Electronic Mail; Online Systems; *Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *MS DOS; NYCENET ABSTRACT This paper describes the advantages of using computer bulletin boards systems (BBS) for distance learning, including the use of the New York City Education Network (NYCENET) to access various databases and to communica1. with individuals or the public. Questions to be answered in order to determine the most appropriate software for running a BBS are listed; and the following public domain and shareware BBS software packages suitable for setting up a BBS for long distance learning are reviewed: Magpie, QBBS, PC Board, RBBS, and Opus. One commercial program--The Bread Board System (TBBS)--is also considered. A 1992 update of the information presented in this paper is appended. (ALF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S DEPARTMENT OF FOUCATION Orfice of Educahonal Research and inproernent EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI This aoc umeni has oeen ,ecnoau, ea as I ece.ved I,Or- the person or organ catn, ortglnabng CM.otc-haflgesnel.ebetn,a0elc,,,rlo A Review of MS-DOS Bulletin Board Software reproduchondeahly Po.nts of v.e. or of:Pn'OnS Staled do.cu Suitable for Long distance Learning men! do r,01 necessanly epresent nIlor oil Reviewed By Anneliese Sessa (1989) OERI poshon The idea of using a computer for long distance learningis not very new. -
Recognizing Legal Differences in Computer Bulletin Board Functions Eric Goldman Santa Clara University School of Law, [email protected]
Santa Clara Law Santa Clara Law Digital Commons Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 1-1-1993 Cyberspace, the Free Market and the Free Marketplace of Ideas: Recognizing Legal Differences in Computer Bulletin Board Functions Eric Goldman Santa Clara University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation 16 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 87 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Santa Clara Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cyberspace, the Free Market and the Free Marketplace of Ideas: Recognizing Legal Differences in Computer Bulletin Board Functions by ERIC SCHLACHTER* Table of Contents I. Difficult Issues Resulting from Changing Technologies.. 89 A. The Emergence of BBSs as a Communication M edium ............................................. 91 B. The Need for a Law of Cyberspace ................. 97 C. The Quest for the Appropriate Legal Analogy Applicable to Sysops ................................ 98 II. Breaking Down Computer Bulletin Board Systems Into Their Key Characteristics ................................ 101 A. Who is the Sysop? ......... 101 B. The Sysop's Control ................................. 106 C. BBS Functions ...................................... 107 1. Message Functions .............................. -
Thunder K8QSD Pro /// S4882UG2NR-D Revision 1.00
Thunder K8QSD Pro /// S4882UG2NR-D Revision 1.00 Copyright © TYAN Computer Corporation, 2005-2006. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced or translated without prior written consent from TYAN Computer Corp. All registered and unregistered trademarks and company names contained in this manual are property of their respective owners including, but not limited to the following. TYAN, Thunder K8QSD Pro are trademarks of TYAN Computer Corporation. AMD, Opteron, and combinations thereof are trademarks of AMD Corporation. Phoenix BIOS is a trademark of Phoenix Technologies. Microsoft, Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. SuSE, is a trademark of SuSE AG. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds IBM, PC, AT, and PS/2 are trademarks of IBM Corporation. Winbond is a trademark of Winbond Electronics Corporation. Broadcom® is a trademark of Broadcom Corporation and/or its subsidiaries ATI and Rage XL are trademarks of ATI Corporation TM LSI Logic, Fusion MPT , and LSI are trademarks of LSI Logic Corporation Silicon Image is a trademark of Silicon Image, Inc. Information contained in this document is furnished by TYAN Computer Corporation and has been reviewed for accuracy and reliability prior to printing. TYAN assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of TYAN products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose or merchantability. TYAN retains the right to make changes to product descriptions and/or specifications at any time, without notice. In no event will TYAN be held liable for any direct or indirect, incidental or consequential damage, loss of use, loss of data or other malady resulting from errors or inaccuracies of information contained in this document. -
Performance of Linear-Type Mobile Data Transmission
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 10, NO. 8, AUGUST 2011 2451 Performance of Linear-Type Mobile Data Transmission Chen-Yuan Chuang, Yi-Bing Lin, Fellow, IEEE, and Yu-Tien Yeh Abstract—In Next Generation Network (NGN), IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) plays an important role to offer IP-based multimedia services. Based on Chunghwa Telecom’s NGN/IMS, we develop linear-type data transmission applications such as Bulletin Board System (BBS) or forum-based websites to deliver new articles to the mobile users. We propose the push-N method that pushes every N articles from the BBS server to the user. When the user actually connects to the BBS, the not-yet-pushed messages are pulled by the user. Our study indicates that by selecting appropriate N values, push-N can balance against the push and the pull operations, and therefore improves the user access experience without wasting too much network resources. Index Terms—Forum-based website applications, mobile data transmission, IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). I. INTRODUCTION N Next Generation Network (NGN), IP Multimedia Sub- I system (IMS) supports IP-based broadband multimedia services through mobile devices [1], [2]. Chunghwa Telecom Fig. 1. A simplified NGN/IMS architecture. (CHT), Taiwan, has deployed one of the largest commer- cial NGN/IMS in Asia to provision enhanced voice, video, Based on CHT’s NGN/IMS, we have developed mobile and Internet-based multimedia services. The current CHT data transmission applications that allow pull or push of NGN/IMS capacity can accommodate commercial operation information from an application server (Figure 1 (4)) to a UE for about five hundred thousand subscribers. -
Bulletin Board System (BBS) for a VAX/VMS Multi-User Environment
- Bulletin Board System (BBS) for a VAX/VMS Multi-User Environment An Honors Thesis (HONRS 499) by J. Kevin Cooper Advisor: Dr. Earl H. McKinney Ball State University Muncie, Indiana May 1995 Graduation Date: May 6, 1995 - Abstract Overview The BBS (Bulletin Board System) software is a client/server model running on a VAX/VMS com puter system, which allows both interactive, user-friendly access to file bases and online discussion groups, and a versatile database environment with comprehensive security features. This system has been tailored to be platform-independent in its information transfer protocol, while using the specifics of the operating system to benefit both the appearance of the user interface and the efficiency of database m anagem ent. I have attempted to interweave as much functionality as feasibly possible into this project, as to demonstrate what I have learned through the Computer Science program here at Ball State University, as well as through my internship position as a VAX system technician and programmer S.t University Computing Services. Tools Used This project was written using the following software on University-owned VAX machines: DEC Pascal v4.2 for VMS DEC set Module M anagem ent System v2.5 MultiNet -v3.2 shareable TCPIIP network library Open VMS VAX Operating System v6.0, v6.1 This system makes use of system resources such as the VMS Command Language Interpreter (CLI), VMS Message Utility, Run-time Screen Manager Library (SMG), Record Management Services (RM8), and MultiNet's linkable TCP/IP socket library. Acknowledgem ents I would like to thank Dr. -
The Copyright Crusade
The Copyright Crusade Abstract During the winter and spring of 2001, the author, chief technology officer in Viant's media and entertainment practice, led an extensive inqUiry to assess the potential impact of extant Internet file-sharing capabilities on the business models of copyright owners and holders. During the course of this project he and his associates explored the tensions that exist or may soon exist among peer-to-peer start-ups, "pirates" and "hackers," intellectual property companies, established media channels, and unwitting consumers caught in the middle. This research report gives the context for the battleground that has emerged, and calls upon the players to consider new, productive solutions and business models that support profitable, legal access to intellectual property via digital media. by Andrew C Frank. eTO [email protected] Viant Media and Entertainment Reinhold Bel/tIer [email protected] Aaron Markham [email protected] assisted by Bmre Forest ~ VI ANT 1 Call to Arms Well before the Internet. it was known that PCs connected to two-way public networks posed a problem for copyright holders. The problem first came to light when the Software Publishers Association (now the Software & Information Industry Association), with the backing of Microsoft and others, took on computer Bulletin Board System (BBS) operators in the late 1980s for facilitating trade in copyrighted computer software, making examples of "sysops" (as system operators were then known) by assisting the FBI in orchestrat ing raids on their homes. and taking similar legal action against institutional piracy in high profile U.S. businesses and universities.' At the same time. -
Copyrighted Material
31_575767 bindex.qxd 12/28/04 8:42 PM Page 337 Index ports, 162–170 • Numerics • printers, 184 2-in-1 Dual Trigger (Thrustmaster), 330–331 Ray (Everglide) light-up mouse pad, 3Com networking equipment, 155 332–333 3-D scanners, 184 audio sound card, 126, 127–128 speaker systems, 181–183 benchmarking, 102 Super Multi DVD Drive GSA-4120B driver control applet, 113–114 (LG), 335 graphics card, 27, 116 2-in-1 Dual Trigger (Thrustmaster), graphics standards, 99 330–331 memory usage, 109 X-5500 speaker (Logitech), 333–334 scalability, 105 Zen Touch portable music player 3DMark05 benchmark, 102 (Creative), 334–335 32-bit CPU, 87 acoustic effects, sound card, 130–131 64-bit CPU, 87 ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface), 213 acrylic front panel • A • composition, 38 painting, 308 Abit Web site, 83 acrylic window AC’97 codec, 78 cutting, 287–288 Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus securing, 18 contacts, location of, 110 Ad-Aware SE Personal, 228 described, 74–75 address fields, 87 expansion cards, installing, 50 ad-hoc network, 153 graphics card, memory allocation, 116, Advanced Configuration and Power 211–212 Interface (ACPI), 213 access point, wireless network, 153, 156 Advanced Technology Attachment packet accessories interface (ATAPI) BIOS integrated, 212–213 described, 146 budget, 170 hard drive, enabling DMA mode, 236–238 described, 161–162 installing, 149–150 Diamondback GamingCOPYRIGHTED Mouse (Razer), 328 MATERIAL motherboard expansion slots, 64 displays, 178–181 adware external storage, 184 described, 225 gaming controllers, -
BBS-ONE: Bulletin Board and Forum System for Mobile Opportunistic Networks Kiwoon Sung, Suman Srinivasan, and Henning Schulzrinne
1 BBS-ONE: Bulletin Board and Forum System for Mobile Opportunistic Networks Kiwoon Sung, Suman Srinivasan, and Henning Schulzrinne Abstract—Electronic bulletin boards and forum systems are com- monly used to exchange opinions, news, event notifications, docu- ments and other media on the Internet. However, such systems usually require a central server hosting the content. Such servers cannot be installed in ad-hoc opportunistic wireless networks, which are created when mobile devices congregate to form a localized and short-lived network without Internet connectivity. We present BBS-ONE, a bulletin board system for opportunistic networks, and describe its service model and implementation. BBS- ONE works in highly mobile opportunistic networks, considers the mobility of nodes, and allows nodes to operate even when churn is high when nodes join and leave the network. It transparently disseminates public data and posts and persists desired data by operating in a peer-to-peer fashion and using a store-carry-forward model of communication. It maintains the data consistency needed for a BBS and forum system. We have implemented the application on generic desktop OS platforms (Windows, Linux, Mac) as well as Fig. 1. Usage Scenario for the BBS-ONE. A mobile node moves from a mobile platform (iPhone/iPod). one isolated opportunistic network to another one, carrying desired Keywords—BBS, forum, opportunistic network, mobile ad hoc information to a location where no connection to the infrastructure. Dotted lines indicate the direction of the movement of the node in and network, opportunistic network, ipod, iphone, implementation out of an area with wireless ad-hoc connectivity. -
Electronic Bulletin Boards for Business, Education and Leisure
Visions in Leisure and Business Volume 6 Number 1 Article 6 1987 Electronic Bulletin Boards for Business, Education and Leisure Kent L. Gustafson University of Georgia Charles Connor University of Georgia Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions Recommended Citation Gustafson, Kent L. and Connor, Charles (1987) "Electronic Bulletin Boards for Business, Education and Leisure," Visions in Leisure and Business: Vol. 6 : No. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions/vol6/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Visions in Leisure and Business by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS FOR BUSINESS, EDUCATION AND LEISURE BY DR. KENT L. GUSTAFSON, PROFESSOR AND CHARLES CONNOR, RESEARCH ASSOCIATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS, GEORGIA 30602 ABSTRACT Electronic communication is one example of how technology is impacting and changing lifestyles. The result of this technology is one of benefiting the individual, especially since the cost of this technology is within the reach of most families. ELECTRONIC BULLETIN BOARDS FOR BUSINESS, EDUCATION AND LEISURE INTRODUCTION Using computers to communicate with other people and to forward and store messages has been possible for many years. But until recently, this capability was available to only a limited number of people due to expense and technical difficulty. However, with the advent and rapid acquisition of personal computers, the ability to communicate electronically has become readily available in offices and homes. Personal computers have made the costs of electronic communication inexpensive due to the low costs of both the host computer and personal computers used to communicate with it� Microcomputers costing less than $1,000 can serve as the host computer and home computers with required communication equipment and programs can be purchased for under $500. -
A History of Social Media
2 A HISTORY OF SOCIAL MEDIA 02_KOZINETS_3E_CH_02.indd 33 25/09/2019 4:32:13 PM CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter and the next will explore the history of social media and cultural approaches to its study. For our purposes, the history of social media can be split into three rough-hewn temporal divisions or ages: the Age of Electronic Communications (late 1960s to early 1990s), the Age of Virtual Community (early 1990s to early 2000s), and the Age of Social Media (early 2000s to date). This chapter examines the first two ages. Beginning with the Arpanet and the early years of (mostly corpo- rate) networked communications, our history takes us into the world of private American online services such as CompuServe, Prodigy, and GEnie that rose to prominence in the 1980s. We also explore the internationalization of online services that happened with the publicly- owned European organizations such as Minitel in France. From there, we can see how the growth and richness of participation on the Usenet system helped inspire the work of early ethnographers of the Internet. As well, the Bulletin Board System was another popular and similar form of connection that proved amenable to an ethnographic approach. The research intensified and developed through the 1990s as the next age, the Age of Virtual Community, advanced. Corporate and news sites like Amazon, Netflix, TripAdvisor, and Salon.com all became recogniz- able hosts for peer-to-peer contact and conversation. In business and academia, a growing emphasis on ‘community’ began to hold sway, with the conception of ‘virtual community’ crystallizing the tendency.