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Home , Inca army, Ollantaytambo, Pedro Pizarro, Qenko, Sacred Valley, Tambomachay

6. CHINCHERO. SIDE. M TADLOCK

10. . NICHES. R TADLOCK

10. TAMBOMACHAY. SIDE. R TADLOCK DYING AT CHINCHERO. MCGAREY OTHER GUIDES INCLUDE MINI-BIBLIOGRAPHY Guide – capital of the Incas. If you’d like to contribute photos, I’d love to Cusco History – history of the capital. have your help, [email protected] – sun temple in Cusco. Photography: Patrick McGarey, Andy Roscoe, Sacsahuaman – fortress near Cusco. David Roscoe, Monica Roscoe, Robert Roscoe, – fortress in Sacred Valley. Tricia Roscoe, Maria Tadlock, Richard Tadlock. Sacred Valley - area north of Cusco. Pisac – major Inca site in Sacred Valley. See Full Bibliography at website. – original . 1. Alva, Walter. 8. MacQuarrie, Kim. OTHER RESOURCES INCLUDE: Longhena, Maria. National Geographic. Glossary of quechua 2. Bauer, Brian. 9. Niles, Susan. Inca rulers 3. Bingham, Hiram. 10. Prescott, William. Historic names 4. Frost, Peter. 11. Rose, Mark. T ROSCOE Religion 5. Hemming, John. 12. Squier, E George. Tribes 6. Hyams, Edward. 13. Steele, Paul Ordish, George. 14. Thomson, Hugh. ANDY ROSCOE’S FREE INCAN TOUR GUIDES 7. Hyslop, John. 15. Von Hagen, Victor. Interactive Maps and Tour Guides available at: Bridges, Marilyn. 3.0 AndyRoscoe.com/peru 2 DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE MAP. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP. 11

20. FLOATING STAIRS AND VERTICAL DRAINS. R TADLOCK and asked of Spanish protection. More at Cuzco History.10 He met on his march 6. NICHES AND CHURCH. D ROSCOE to Cuzco at Jaquijahuana. He was 17. Manco had been on the run from and his general, DESCRIPTIONS Quisquis, who controlled Cuzco and murdered 1. PISAC see Pisac Tour Guide. his entire family. Manco wanted revenge and the 2. HUCHUY CUSCO. “Little Cusco.” Excellent crown and saw Pizarro as an ally.8 view over the Urubamba valley. 3.1mi from 1536 Manco Capac II vs Hernando de Soto.5 Calca and 2600ft up. Originally called Caquia 1538 Hernando vs Almagro.5 Jaquiahuana. 1548 APR 9. Gonzalo is the last Pizarro alive and A royal estate for Inca . He he’s killed the first Spanish viceroy. He prepared conquered the town by setting it on fire with a for battle with the second viceroy, Pedro de stone from his golden . la Gasca here. Each side had 1500 troops. The 1438, Chancas attacked Cusco, he fled to here. majority of Gonzalo’s troops betrayed him and 1. A ROSCOE The spanish found his mummy here. Buildings switched sides to Viceroy. He surrendered and were part stone, part adobe. A fine 131ft was soon executed.8 25. CAUSEWAY. BINGHAM kallanka. It looks out to an esplanade and terraces, maybe parades or games were played here. Post-inca, transitional style buildings and reservoir also here. Some buildings have “horizontal wooden struts” at the corners. Originally thought that these would protect the buildings from earthquakes, but the corners are already the strongest part of Inca buildings.4 Access by foot only, shortest is from Lamay 4 bridge: 3hrs, easy but steep. See website for 2. HEMMING, RANNEY detailed path. began organizing the siege.8 3. CALCA. 12mi from Cuzco. 20mi from advanced here with a small 8 4 Ollantaytambo. 11mi from Pisac. Caytomarca is group of men, leaving most in Urcos. He was to 13 12. QENCO. PUMA. D ROSCOE 12. QENCO. CAVE ALTAR. R TADLOCK on the other side of the river. negotiate an agreement with Manco and claim Agricultural terraces maintained by canals Cuzco for himself. Manco had received a letter 15 from far above glaciers. from the Pizarros to not trust Almagro. Manco Main town in Sacred Valley. Has an Incan demanded that Almagro put captured Pizarro- square and a spanish square. Has nice supporting scouts to death as a way to show his orchards and gardens. Manco Capac II had his union with Manco. Almagro hesitated and Manco headquarters here during the 1536 Rebellion. had the local chief Paucar swoop down in attack 1536 APR 18. Manco Capac II and Villac Umu to no avail. Manco knew he could not stay with leave Cuzco under the pretense of bringing any Spanish. He returned to Ollantaytambo.5 back for . They got to Calca and BATTLE OF CALCA. Manco rises an in 12. QENCO. R TADLOCK 10 DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE MAP. 3

6. R ROSCOE

22. QUISPIGUANCA. NILES Compound built on large terrace with a high wall surrounding it. Adobe bricks, stone foundations, painted. Road approaching rises to the terrace and meets a triple jam doorway with 2 towers on either side (two story). N side of plaza 2 large halls. Opened at plaza end - 144 x 45ft. Gabled roof, brightly painted. Placed small buildings 6. TERRACES. MCGAREY next to them to make them look bigger, an engineering feat.9 6. PALACE. MCGAREY In contrast to Pisac’s following of contours, Huayna built Yucay with it’s back the thousands. Juan turned on the surroundings and focused on Pizarro was sent to 23. HEMMING, RANNEY 10 man-made areas. He moved rivers and terrain to bring him back with 8 accomidate this structures. Uses adobe. Culture Residence of the Incas nobles because of its 70 calvary. The Incan over nature. Used brightly colored buildings.9 beauty and coolness, it was used as summer army was on one side 23. YUCAY. See Yucay Interactive Map for retreats. of the Yucay R and 60 more. 1548. Sayri Tupac was given the estate In the valley center the river overflows Spanish horse on the when he surrendered from the jungle. During regularly and forms a quagmire. Incas built a other. The Spanish 6. ROCK OUTCROP. R TADLOCK a ceremony giving him these lands, Sayri stone causeway over the morass. swam their horses Tupac pulled a thread from the table cloth and The same field the the led the Incas across and charged 4. HEMMING, RANNEY declared that this gift was equal to the thread against the Chancas. The victory launched the into the army. The in comparison to his family’s holdings. He Incas into expansion.5 Incas fought strongly and killed and wounded was shortly poisoned by Cañari cheif Fransico Cusi Yupanqui, kinsman and royal official, many Spanish, though they were forced to pull 10 8 Chilche.14 Sayri Tupac lived here 3 years before raised poles along the road and hung Huascar’s back onto the hillside. Manco quietly fled. dieing in 1560.3 It became the encomienda of family including wives, sons, 80 children and The next morning the whole mountain side Francisco Pizarro and then his son Francisco.5 even fetus. It was a half mile long. Huascar was was renewed with Inca army. The ground favored An inca square and a spanish square. At forced to watch.6 the Incas, who showered the Spanish with Christmas theres a festival with masked dancers. This area was given to Sayri Tupac upon his missiles and rolled large boulders down upon Excellent masonry on the Plaza. Behind the emergence from Vilcabamba. Gonzalo found Inca them. Juan was called back to Cuzco which was 6. CHINGANA STONE. HEMMING, RANNEY being attacked and the Incas celebrated their village to the north are terraces with the best Viracocha’s mummy here. He had it burned. Juan Huaypo and Piuray.14 Beyond Sacsahuaman, 9mi success. See Cusco History for more.10 remaining agricultural systems in the area and Polo de Ondegardo found that his ashes were from Cuzco.5 still in use.4 Sayri Tupac Palace is still along one being venerated even more than the mummy.5 4. URCO. Near Calca. Offertory channel ends at 5 Population center of Pampa de Anta, before 4 5 the head of a snake. of the squares – transitional . 1532 Battle: Huascar vs Chalcuchima. Inca expansion. Later a royal estate of Topa 5 Location not precise (map shows it to be very 24. HUAROCONDO. At Zurite, road turned N 1533 Battle: Francisco Pizarro vs Qiusquis. Inca. Now has a large Sunday market. Has close to Calca). Architecture probably belonging to Huaracondo, 15mi NW of Cuzco. Remains of 1533 OCT. Pizarro’s and Diego Almagro’s a great view over the pampa. The main plaza to an Inca royal estate.9 Inca bridge and road remains. Then the road forces unite. Pizarro remained for several days has a massive Inca wall with 10 large niches, turned W and ran parallel to Rd along refreshing his troops. He put Chullcuchima, 5. PITUSIRAY MOUNTAIN. Twin peaks that over 13 largest known. Probably the base of Topa Inca’s 15 look Calca. Urubamba. Atahuallpa’s captured general to trial. He was palace. The church sits on top of it. Church 6. CHINCHERO. “Town of the Rainbow” Also 25. IZCUCHUACA. Jaquijahuana. Xaquixaguana. blamed for the insurgency, burned alive. was originally fully painted on the inside with called Clinta and Calispuquio. On the road from Anta. 5 leagues from Cuzco. A stream irrigates Manco Capac II arrived with a large entourage flowers and patterns.4 the rich vegetation and garden of the valley. to announce himself to Pizarro as the new Inca Cuzco to Sacred Valley and past the lakes of 4 DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE MAP. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP. 9

21.VALLEY. M ROSCOE condition, and has 15 terrace levels. Simiyoc: “grass having or tongue having.” Nustahispanan: 10. D ROSCOE “where the princess pee’d.” A spring is here. Just north of Chinchero is a terraced valley Pucara.1 Above Pucara Often believed that springs come from where with 3 unique rock shrines. While facing the along Lkalla Chaca R.3 royalty urinated. Intiwatana: “calendar stone”. church, to the left past the village on the slopes Ritual bathing and Maybe there use to be an intihuatana was here. are Inca terraces. Walk N from the church, follow maybe a water cult Climb Wanuymarca: “house of the dead” middle the terraces down valley, stay on the right side focused here. There’s a of the 3 peaks to the S.4 of the slope. 1. large rock outcrop with two spring that channeled 21. MARAS. Salt pans. Nearby areas owned by stairways carved into it. 2. Chingana Stone, into 3 waterfalls. Topa Inca. Royal salt works.9 Is this the same top right, farther down valley, has a miniture Probably there were as Las Salinas, the site of several colonial stairway and stream underneath. 3. interesting originally ornamental battles? The surrounding area is a “shaky bed 21. UP CLOSE. M ROSCOE 5 of salt and soluble minerals.” Rich in calcium shallow indentions, bottom right. gardens surrounding 7. HYSLOP, BRIDGES Chingana Stone.5 Above are stairways, the site.4 Pachacutec sulphate and carbonate. Spots have collapsed seats, and water channels. There’s also a received a prophecy here about becoming a into sinkholes and craters. Underneath are carved drainpipe cut vertically into the rock. Be conquerer. Tupac Yupanqui used the location as eroded tunnels carrying water to Urubamba R.4 careful there’s a 30m drop to a grotto under the a lodge.14 22. URUBAMBA / QUISPIGUANCA. See Yucay outcrop.4 Possible location of where on Nov 21 festival. Interactive Map for more. “Plain of the spider.” Farther down the valley is another carved When Inca boys were made men, they were 2mi from Yucay at the intersection of the the outcrop with long stairway with a large niche bathed and changed clothes, then lectured on Cusco-Chinchero road and Urubamba R.4 A great overlooking the valley. The top of the outcrop their return.Molina, 3 center base for exploring the valley. Lovely has a circle of seats carved into it.4 House of Inca Yupanqui, he was married village, there’s an avenue along the west side 7. PURAY LAKE. Piuray, Chinchero Lake. On the here. Many sacrifices were made here “except “lined with towering pisonays.”4 road from Cuzco to Sacred Valley, before you get children.”3 Originally Pachacuti built ponds and pleasure 14 7 to Chinchero. Sacred lake. Stone fountain with a warm minerals spring houses here. Then built a massive 21. MORE. M ROSCOE Just after the Siege, the spanish were starving with beautiful terrace, on top is a wall with 4 palace and estate here. and facing another siege. Hernando Pizarro full height ceremonial niches. Timpucpuquio is Fortress on the N bank protects the road charged straight into Manco’s best contigent at the name of the spring.3 The slope behind the and suspension bridge with 3 unique massive night. He surprised them and massacred them. site is not high enough to support so much towers. 1880 steel bridge uses towers for He charged into the lake “spearing the natives water. It must be coming underneath and from support. Paved road to Ollantaytambo.15 like fish.”5 the mountain opposite.4 Huayna Capac gave the city to his sister-wife, 8. PACHATUSSA MT. Location unsure. N of Cuzco. 11. PUCA PUCARA. Pucara, Red Fortress.1 3.7mi dead mother, favored second wife.9 15,915ft. 5 small snow clad peaks.3 past Qenco.11 First tampu outside of Cuzco.15 At Strong quechua influence, no Spanish. 9. PLAINS OF CHITA. NE of Cuzco. Where the foot of the pass that leads to Pisac.3 Naturalist Antonio de Leòn Pinelo declared this Inca Viracocha saw Viracocha. See Temple of Small fortress guarding the Sacred Valley. It valley the biblical Eden.14 Viracocha.12 Near here is Chitapampa.2 has terraces, stairways, tunnels, and towers. Architecture is huge, super strong, imposing 10. MACHAY. Tampu Machai, Bano Carefully built symmetrical stonework.15 Excellent to show how tenuous Huayna Capac’s life del Inca,4 “cavern lodge.” Few miles from Puca stone work, fitted between 2 small cliffs, drains was. Estate covered 10mi along Urubamba R. 18. D ROSCOE 8 DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS FROM THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE MAP. 5

11. R TADLOCK

15. TOP. T ROSCOE for terraced flooring Lajo. Near . 20. QUECHUYOC. M ROSCOE inside.3 Cave passages with DESCRIPTIONS 12. QENCO. Kkenko, the Tiahuanaco step 18. OLLANTAYTAMBO. See Ollantay Guide. Q’enquo, “labyrinth,” pattern carved into 5 19. PACHAR. Pacchan. Architecture probably ceremonial center the rock. See Cusco belonging to an Inca royal estate.9 for Mama. Site Interactive Map for Railroad to Machu Picchu and Vilcabamba area. has canals, animal precise location and Built in 1923, re-opened by Nicholas Asheshov.14 etchings, niches directions for hiking. On the south bank of the Urubamba R, where carved into solid Two caves are on the RR begins traveling down the Urubamba limestone. 1.25mi NE S side. A large crack Rose valley. Maybe these held screens to block strong of Sacsayhuaman. runs the width of the winds. RR halts where the Huarcondo R meets On the hill of Socorro. rock, wide enough to Alva 12. D ROSCOE 15. CRACK. T ROSCOE the Urubamba R. Store houses can be seen on walk through. Cave cliffs to the left.4 Carved puma is large and eroded, 20ft tall. on SE side is highly Alva 20. . Fabulous agricultural terracing. 20. SIMIYOC. M ROSCOE similar to Sahuite. Stepped design is from carved of pumas and Natural hollows in the were set with Tiahuanaco and also found in Pisac and Princess snakes. Inside are 9 concentric terraces, circles into the ground. Each Bath in Ollantaytambo. And at Concacha near niches for holding 2 terrace gets colder and colder. For freeze drying Abancay. mummies and an potatos. Semicircular plaza has 19 niches along altar. On full moon Pottery found from the Chanapata culture, outcrop. Cave with altar is inside the outcrop. before winter solstice, Hyslop 0 AD. Also pottery of the Wari. Incas probably Mummies were probably kept here. P’aqchas, moonlight shines 4 refined and enlarged the top few levels.4 “zig zag channels” are here, and what looks like upon the altar. Architecture probably belonging to an Inca two bollards and to the west end of the outrcrop 16. INKILTAMBO. royal estate.9 Legend holds that the walls were are carved figures of a puma and aheadless Many deep niches, condor. The east end has a carving of a house.3 probably for covered in gold and silver to reflect more light 17. M TADLOCK on crops.4 “12 sentries of gold and silver, of the size mummies of the Sunlight and shade creates a tremendous and appearance of those of this country, responsible for its upkeep. W and S sides, 20. INTIHUATANA. R ROSCOE variance in temperature in a very small area – up extraordinarily realistic.” These were found by below are carved channels and ritual bath. On to 59ºF from bottom to top, 98ft.John Earls, 4 Special measurable by having cups of water freeze over the Spanish. And the effigy of Manco Capac. The top of the outcrop is a ‘carved fissure with 2 high altitude strains of crops were developed. If night, then checking the rate of thaw in the location was described as a cave outside Cusco, deep niches.” On equinoxes the sunsets in the Pedro Pizarro, 4 4 corn had not been developed at a site like this morning. Area farming is still a complicated crop it was probably Qenqo. center of this fissure. See Cuso Interactive Map 4 then high population Andean cultures would not rotation and plantings. 13. SACAHUAMAN. See Sacsahuaman Guide. for more. have been possible. Temperature was originally The muyus (depressions) have names. 14. CUSCO. See Cusco Guide and Cusco History. 17. . Quechuyoc: “warm being”. Largest, best 15. TEMPLE OF MOON / SALUMPUNCU / LAQO. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE MAP ARE FOUND ON PAGE 6. DESCRIPTION OF LOCATIONS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE MAP ARE FOUND ON PAGE 2.

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18. OLLANTAYTAMBO LEGEND 1. PISAC 10. TAMBO MACHAY 19. PACHAR 7 Location without photo. 2. HUCHUY CUSCO 11. PUCA PUCARA 20. MORAY 3. CALCA 12. QENCO 21. MARAS 6 Location with photo. 4. URCO 13. SACSAHUAMAN 22. URUBAMBA / QUISPIGUANCA 5. PITUSIRAY MT 14. CUSCO 23. YUCAY 6. CHINCHERO 15. TEMPLE OF THE MOON 5 Location with needed 24. HUAROCONDO photo. 7. PURAY LAKE 16. INKILTAMBO 25. IZCUCHACA 8. PACHATUSSA MT 17. URUBAMBA R 26. RD CUSCO – OLLANTAYTAMBO Google Maps 9. PLAINS OF CHITA