Genetic and Bioinformatic Analyses of the Expression and Function of PI3K
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Mutational Landscape Differences Between Young-Onset and Older-Onset Breast Cancer Patients Nicole E
Mealey et al. BMC Cancer (2020) 20:212 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-6684-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Mutational landscape differences between young-onset and older-onset breast cancer patients Nicole E. Mealey1 , Dylan E. O’Sullivan2 , Joy Pader3 , Yibing Ruan3 , Edwin Wang4 , May Lynn Quan1,5,6 and Darren R. Brenner1,3,5* Abstract Background: The incidence of breast cancer among young women (aged ≤40 years) has increased in North America and Europe. Fewer than 10% of cases among young women are attributable to inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, suggesting an important role for somatic mutations. This study investigated genomic differences between young- and older-onset breast tumours. Methods: In this study we characterized the mutational landscape of 89 young-onset breast tumours (≤40 years) and examined differences with 949 older-onset tumours (> 40 years) using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We examined mutated genes, mutational load, and types of mutations. We used complementary R packages “deconstructSigs” and “SomaticSignatures” to extract mutational signatures. A recursively partitioned mixture model was used to identify whether combinations of mutational signatures were related to age of onset. Results: Older patients had a higher proportion of mutations in PIK3CA, CDH1, and MAP3K1 genes, while young- onset patients had a higher proportion of mutations in GATA3 and CTNNB1. Mutational load was lower for young- onset tumours, and a higher proportion of these mutations were C > A mutations, but a lower proportion were C > T mutations compared to older-onset tumours. The most common mutational signatures identified in both age groups were signatures 1 and 3 from the COSMIC database. -
A High-Throughput Approach to Uncover Novel Roles of APOBEC2, a Functional Orphan of the AID/APOBEC Family
Rockefeller University Digital Commons @ RU Student Theses and Dissertations 2018 A High-Throughput Approach to Uncover Novel Roles of APOBEC2, a Functional Orphan of the AID/APOBEC Family Linda Molla Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/ student_theses_and_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons A HIGH-THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO UNCOVER NOVEL ROLES OF APOBEC2, A FUNCTIONAL ORPHAN OF THE AID/APOBEC FAMILY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Rockefeller University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Linda Molla June 2018 © Copyright by Linda Molla 2018 A HIGH-THROUGHPUT APPROACH TO UNCOVER NOVEL ROLES OF APOBEC2, A FUNCTIONAL ORPHAN OF THE AID/APOBEC FAMILY Linda Molla, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University 2018 APOBEC2 is a member of the AID/APOBEC cytidine deaminase family of proteins. Unlike most of AID/APOBEC, however, APOBEC2’s function remains elusive. Previous research has implicated APOBEC2 in diverse organisms and cellular processes such as muscle biology (in Mus musculus), regeneration (in Danio rerio), and development (in Xenopus laevis). APOBEC2 has also been implicated in cancer. However the enzymatic activity, substrate or physiological target(s) of APOBEC2 are unknown. For this thesis, I have combined Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques with state-of-the-art molecular biology to determine the physiological targets of APOBEC2. Using a cell culture muscle differentiation system, and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) by polyA capture, I demonstrated that unlike the AID/APOBEC family member APOBEC1, APOBEC2 is not an RNA editor. Using the same system combined with enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (eRRBS) analyses I showed that, unlike the AID/APOBEC family member AID, APOBEC2 does not act as a 5-methyl-C deaminase. -
Deciphering the Long Non-Coding Rnas and Micrornas Coregulation Networks in Ovarian Cancer Development: an Overview
cells Review Deciphering the Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs Coregulation Networks in Ovarian Cancer Development: An Overview César López-Camarillo 1,2,* , Erika Ruíz-García 2,3 , Yarely M. Salinas-Vera 4 , Macrina B. Silva-Cázares 5 , Olga N. Hernández-de la Cruz 1, Laurence A. Marchat 6 and Dolores Gallardo-Rincón 2,3 1 Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, 03100 CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Grupo de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario y Endometrio, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080 CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] (E.R.-G.); [email protected] (D.G.-R.) 3 Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastrointestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080 CDMX, Mexico 4 Departamento de Bioquímica, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360 CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] 5 Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78700 San Luis Potosí, Mexico; [email protected] 6 Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07340 CDMX, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Non-coding RNAs are emergent elements from the genome, which do not encode for proteins but have relevant cellular functions impacting almost all the physiological processes oc- Citation: López-Camarillo, C.; curring in eukaryotic cells. In particular, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a Ruíz-García, E.; Salinas-Vera, Y.M.; new class of small RNAs transcribed from the genome, which modulate the expression of specific Silva-Cázares, M.B.; Hernández-de la Cruz, O.N.; Marchat, L.A.; genes at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, thus adding a new regulatory layer in the flux Gallardo-Rincón, D. -
Genomic Annotation of the Meningioma Tumor Suppressor Locus on Chromosome 1P34
Oncogene (2004) 23, 1014–1020 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9232/04 $25.00 www.nature.com/onc Genomic annotation of the meningioma tumor suppressor locus on chromosome 1p34 Erik P Sulman1,2, Peter S White2,3 and Garrett M Brodeur*,2,3 1The Fels Institute for Molecular Biology and Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; 2Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Meningioma is a frequently occurring tumor of the 13–20% of adult brain tumors, with an overall incidence meninges surrounding the central nervous system. Loss of approximately 7–8/100 000 per year, including of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) is the second most asymptomatic cases discovered at autopsy (Nakasu frequent chromosomal abnormality observed in these et al., 1987; Bondy and Ligon, 1996). Although usually tumors. Previously,we identified a 3.7 megabase (Mb) benign, 5–10% of tumors are malignant and invasive region of consistent deletion on 1p33–p34 in a panel of 157 and 20–40% of patients suffer from recurrent disease tumors. Loss of this region was associated with advanced (Zu¨ lch, 1979; Mathiesen et al., 1996). Meningiomas are disease and predictive for tumor relapse. In this report,a also associated with Neurofibromatosis type 2, occur- high-resolution integrated map of the region was con- ring nearly as frequently in that disease as vestibular structed (CompView) to identify all markers in the schwannomas (Evans et al., 1992). -
Identification of Key Candidate Genes Involved in Melanoma Metastasis
MOLECULAR meDICINE rePorTS 20: 903-914, 2019 Identification of key candidate genes involved in melanoma metastasis JIA CHEN1*, FEI WU1*, YU SHI2*, DEGANG YANG3, MINGYUAN XU1, YONGXIAN LAI4 and YEQIANG LIU1 Departments of 1Dermatopathology, 2Medical Cosmetology, 3Treatment and 4Dermatologic Surgery, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, P.R. China Received May 10, 2018; Accepted January 18, 2019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10314 Abstract. Metastasis is the most lethal stage of cancer phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulator subunit 3 (PIK3R3), progression. The present study aimed to investigate the centromere protein M (CENPM), aurora kinase A (AURKA), underlying molecular mechanisms of melanoma metastasis laminin subunit α 1 (LAMA1), proliferating cell nuclear using bioinformatics. Using the microarray dataset GSE8401 antigen (PCNA), adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1), BUB1 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1), NDC80 included 52 biopsy specimens from patients with melanoma kinetochore complex component (NDC80) and protein metastasis and 31 biopsy specimens from patients with kinase C α (PRKCA) in DEGs was statistically significant. primary melanoma, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) Mutation gene analysis identified that BRCA1-associated were identified, subsequent to data preprocessing with protein 1 (BAP1) had a higher mutation frequency and survival the affy package, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto analysis, and its associated genes in the BAP1-associated Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway PPI network, including ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 enrichment analyses. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) (ASXL1), proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3), network was constructed. Mutated genes were analyzed with proteasome 26S subunit, non ATPase 11 (PSMD11) and 80 mutated cases with melanoma from The Cancer Genome ubiquitin C (UBC), were statistically significantly associated Atlas. -
UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cardiac Stretch-Induced Transcriptomic Changes are Axis-Dependent Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7m04f0b0 Author Buchholz, Kyle Stephen Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Cardiac Stretch-Induced Transcriptomic Changes are Axis-Dependent A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Bioengineering by Kyle Stephen Buchholz Committee in Charge: Professor Jeffrey Omens, Chair Professor Andrew McCulloch, Co-Chair Professor Ju Chen Professor Karen Christman Professor Robert Ross Professor Alexander Zambon 2016 Copyright Kyle Stephen Buchholz, 2016 All rights reserved Signature Page The Dissertation of Kyle Stephen Buchholz is approved and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Chair University of California, San Diego 2016 iii Dedication To my beautiful wife, Rhia. iv Table of Contents Signature Page ................................................................................................................... iii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ................................................................................................................... -
Transcriptome Analysis of Recurrently Deregulated Genes Across Multiple
Published OnlineFirst November 9, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-0484 Cancer Integrated Systems and Technologies Research Transcriptome Analysis of Recurrently Deregulated Genes across Multiple Cancers Identifies New Pan-Cancer Biomarkers Bogumil Kaczkowski1, Yuji Tanaka1,2, Hideya Kawaji1,2,3, Albin Sandelin4, Robin Andersson4, Masayoshi Itoh1,3, Timo Lassmann1,5, the FANTOM5 consortium, Yoshihide Hayashizaki3, Piero Carninci1, and Alistair R.R. Forrest1,6 Abstract Genes that are commonly deregulated in cancer are clinically which are upregulated in cancer, defining promoters that overlap attractive as candidate pan-diagnostic markers and therapeutic with repetitive elements (especially SINE/Alu and LTR/ERV1 targets. To globally identify such targets, we compared Cap elements) that are often upregulated in cancer. Lastly, we docu- Analysis of Gene Expression profiles from 225 different cancer mented for the first time upregulation of multiple copies of cell lines and 339 corresponding primary cell samples to identify the REP522 interspersed repeat in cancer. Overall, our genome- transcripts that are deregulated recurrently in a broad range of wide expression profiling approach identified a comprehensive cancer types. Comparing RNA-seq data from 4,055 tumors and set of candidate biomarkers with pan-cancer potential, and 563 normal tissues profiled in the The Cancer Genome Atlas and extended the perspective and pathogenic significance of repetitive FANTOM5 datasets, we identified a core transcript set with ther- elements that are frequently activated during cancer progression. anostic potential. Our analyses also revealed enhancer RNAs, Cancer Res; 76(2); 1–11. Ó2015 AACR. Introduction time, cancers from different tissues can share some common features, for example, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has Successful cancer treatment depends heavily on early detection found genes and pathways, DNA copy number alterations, muta- and diagnosis. -
Genetic Parameters and Associated Genomic Regions for Global
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genetic parameters and associated genomic regions for global immunocompetence and other health‑related traits in pigs Maria Ballester1*, Yuliaxis Ramayo‑Caldas1, Olga González‑Rodríguez1, Mariam Pascual1, Josep Reixach2, Marta Díaz2, Fany Blanc3, Sergi López‑Serrano4, Joan Tibau5 & Raquel Quintanilla1* The inclusion of health‑related traits, or functionally associated genetic markers, in pig breeding programs could contribute to produce more robust and disease resistant animals. The aim of the present work was to study the genetic determinism and genomic regions associated to global immunocompetence and health in a Duroc pig population. For this purpose, a set of 30 health‑related traits covering immune (mainly innate), haematological, and stress parameters were measured in 432 healthy Duroc piglets aged 8 weeks. Moderate to high heritabilities were obtained for most traits and signifcant genetic correlations among them were observed. A genome wide association study pointed out 31 signifcantly associated SNPs at whole‑genome level, located in six chromosomal regions on pig chromosomes SSC4, SSC6, SSC17 and SSCX, for IgG, γδ T‑cells, C‑reactive protein, lymphocytes phagocytic capacity, total number of lymphocytes, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. A total of 16 promising functionally‑related candidate genes, including CRP, NFATC2, PRDX1, SLA, ST3GAL1, and VPS4A, have been proposed to explain the variation of immune and haematological traits. Our results enhance the knowledge of the genetic control of traits related with immunity and support the possibility of applying efective selection programs to improve immunocompetence in pigs. Over the last decades, the genetic selection in commercial pig breeds has greatly improved traits directly related with production performance1, while health-related traits have traditionally played a minor role in breeding programs. -
Max Is a Repressor of Germ Cell-Related Gene Expression in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
ARTICLE Received 19 Sep 2012 | Accepted 20 Mar 2013 | Published 23 Apr 2013 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2780 Max is a repressor of germ cell-related gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells Ikuma Maeda1, Daiji Okamura1,w, Yuko Tokitake1, Makiko Ikeda1, Hiroko Kawaguchi1, Nathan Mise2,w, Kuniya Abe2, Toshiaki Noce3, Akihiko Okuda4 & Yasuhisa Matsui1 Embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells (PGCs) express many pluripotency-asso- ciated genes, but embryonic stem cells do not normally undergo conversion into primordial germ cells. Thus, we predicted that there is a mechanism that represses primordial germ cell- related gene expression in embryonic stem cells. Here we identify genes involved in this putative mechanism, by using an embryonic stem cell line with a Vasa reporter in an RNA interference screen of transcription factor genes expressed in embryonic stem cells. We identify five genes that result in the expression of Vasa when silenced. Of these, Max is the most striking. Transcriptome analysis reveals that Max knockdown in embryonic stem cells results in selective, global derepression of germ cell-specific genes. Max interacts with histone H3K9 methyltransferases and associates with the germ cell-specific genes in embryonic stem cells. In addition, Max knockdown results in a decrease in histone H3K9 dimethylation at their promoter regions. We propose that Max is part of protein complex that acts as a repressor of germ cell-related genes in embryonic stem cells. 1 Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan. 2 Mammalian Cellular Dynamics, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan. -
Genome-Wide Dissection of Microrna Functions and Cotargeting Networks Using Gene-Set Signatures
Genome-wide dissection of microRNA functions and cotargeting networks using gene-set signatures The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Tsang, John S., Margaret S. Ebert, and Alexander van Oudenaarden. “Genome-wide Dissection of MicroRNA Functions and Cotargeting Networks Using Gene Set Signatures.” Molecular Cell 38.1 (2010): 140–153. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.007 Publisher Elsevier Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76631 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Mol Cell. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 June 9. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Mol Cell. 2010 April 9; 38(1): 140±153. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.007. Genome-wide dissection of microRNA functions and co- targeting networks using gene-set signatures John S. Tsang1,2, Margaret S. Ebert3,4, and Alexander van Oudenaarden2,3,4 1 Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 2 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 3 Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 4 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA SUMMARY MicroRNAs are emerging as important regulators of diverse biological processes and pathologies in animals and plants. While hundreds of human miRNAs are known, only a few have known functions. -
Is There a Role for Dual PI3K/Mtor Inhibitors for Patients Affected With
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Is There a Role for Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors for Patients Affected with Lymphoma? Chiara Tarantelli 1, Antonio Lupia 2 , Anastasios Stathis 3,4 and Francesco Bertoni 1,3,* 1 Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; [email protected] 2 Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; [email protected] 3 Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; [email protected] 4 Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-91-8200-322 Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 3 February 2020; Published: 5 February 2020 Abstract: The activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a main driver of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells, and, for this reason, represents an attractive target for developing targeted anti-cancer drugs. There are plenty of preclinical data sustaining the anti-tumor activity of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as single agents and in combination in lymphomas. Clinical responses, including complete remissions (especially in follicular lymphoma patients), are also observed in the very few clinical studies performed in patients that are affected by relapsed/refractory lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this review, we summarize the literature on dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors focusing on the lymphoma setting, presenting both the three compounds still in clinical development and those with a clinical program stopped or put on hold. Keywords: TORC1; TORC2; PI3K; lymphoma; chronic lymphocytic leukemia 1. Introduction The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine lymphoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a main driver of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells [1–5]. -
Systems Biology Approach to Stage-Wise Characterization of Epigenetic Genes in Lung Adenocarcinoma Meeta P Pradhan†, Akshay Desai† and Mathew J Palakal*
Pradhan et al. BMC Systems Biology 2013, 7:141 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1752-0509/7/141 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Systems biology approach to stage-wise characterization of epigenetic genes in lung adenocarcinoma Meeta P Pradhan†, Akshay Desai† and Mathew J Palakal* Abstract Background: Epigenetics refers to the reversible functional modifications of the genome that do not correlate to changes in the DNA sequence. The aim of this study is to understand DNA methylation patterns across different stages of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Results: Our study identified 72, 93 and 170 significant DNA methylated genes in Stages I, II and III respectively. A set of common 34 significant DNA methylated genes located in the promoter section of the true CpG islands were found across stages, and these were: HOX genes, FOXG1, GRIK3, HAND2, PRKCB, etc. Of the total significant DNA methylated genes, 65 correlated with transcription function. The epigenetic analysis identified the following novel genes across all stages: PTGDR, TLX3, and POU4F2. The stage-wise analysis observed the appearance of NEUROG1 gene in Stage I and its re-appearance in Stage III. The analysis showed similar epigenetic pattern across Stage I and Stage III. Pathway analysis revealed important signaling and metabolic pathways of LUAD to correlate with epigenetics. Epigenetic subnetwork analysis identified a set of seven conserved genes across all stages: UBC, KRAS, PIK3CA, PIK3R3, RAF1, BRAF, and RAP1A. A detailed literature analysis elucidated epigenetic genes like FOXG1, HLA-G, and NKX6-2 to be known as prognostic targets. Conclusion: Integrating epigenetic information for genes with expression data can be useful for comprehending in-depth disease mechanism and for the ultimate goal of better target identification.