Vol. 76 Tuesday, No. 80 April 26, 2011

Part III

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Parts 10 and 21 General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds; Proposed Rule

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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Background newly recognized as a result of recent taxonomic changes; (7) remove four What statutory authority does the Fish and Wildlife Service species not known to occur within the service have for this rulemaking? boundaries of the United States or its 50 CFR Parts 10 and 21 We have statutory authority and territories as a result of recent responsibility for enforcing the [Docket No. FWS–R9–MB–2010–0088; taxonomic changes; (8) change the 91200–1231–9BPP] Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 common (English) names of nine U.S.C. 703–712), the Fish and Wildlife species to conform with accepted use; RIN 1018–AX48 Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. and (9) change the scientific names of 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 36 species to conform to accepted use. General Provisions; Revised List of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a–j). The MBTA Migratory Birds The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR implements Conventions between the 10.13) was last revised on March 1, 2010 AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, United States and four neighboring (75 FR 9282). These amendments were Interior. countries for the protection of migratory necessitated by three published ACTION: Proposed rule. birds, as follows: supplements to the 7th (1998) edition of (1) Canada: Convention between the the American Ornithologists’ Union’s SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and United States and Great Britain [on (AOU’s) Check-list of North American Wildlife Service, propose to revise the behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Birds (AOU 2008, AOU 2009, and AOU List of Migratory Birds by both adding Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 2010). and removing species. Reasons for the Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628); In addition, we propose to correct the (2) Mexico: Convention between the changes to the list include adding legal authorities citations at 50 CFR United States and Mexico for the species based on new taxonomy and 10.13(a). new evidence of occurrence in the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game We also would make a small change United States or U.S. territories, Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. to a definition in 50 CFR 21.3. We removing species no longer known to 1311 (T.S. No. 912); propose to update the definition of occur within the United States, and (3) Japan: Convention between the ‘‘raptor’’ to also include the order changing names to conform to accepted Government of the United States of Accipitriformes to correspond to the use. The net increase of 19 species (23 America and the Government of Japan proposed changes in the List of added and 4 removed) brings the total for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Migratory Birds. number of species protected by the Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) to Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. What scientific authorities are used to 1,026. We regulate most aspects of the 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and amend the list of migratory birds? (4) Russia: Convention between the taking, possession, transportation, sale, Although bird names (common and purchase, barter, exportation, and United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning scientific) are relatively stable, staying importation of migratory birds. An current with standardized use is accurate and up-to-date list of species the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment (Russia), November necessary to avoid confusion in protected by the MBTA is essential for communications. In making our public notification and regulatory 19, 1976, 29 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073). determinations, we primarily relied on purposes. the American Ornithologists’ Union’s DATES: To ensure consideration of your What is the purpose of this rulemaking? Check-list of North American Birds comments, they must be received or Our purpose is to inform the public of (AOU 1998), as amended (AOU 1999, postmarked on or before July 25, 2011. the species protected by the MBTA and 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, ADDRESSES: You may submit comments its implementing regulations. These 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010), on matters by either one of the following methods: regulations are found in Title 50, Code of taxonomy, nomenclature, and the • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// of Federal Regulations (CFR), Parts 10, sequence of species and other higher www.regulations.gov. Follow the 20, and 21. We regulate most aspects of taxonomic categories (orders, families, instructions for submitting comments the taking, possession, transportation, subfamilies) for species that occur in on Docket No. FWS–R9–MB–2010– sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and North America. The AOU Checklist 0088. contains all bird species that have • importation of migratory birds. An U.S. Mail or hand delivery: Public accurate and up-to-date list of species occurred in North America from the Comments Processing, Attn: FWS–R9– protected by the MBTA is essential for Arctic through Panama, including the MB–2010–0088; Division of Policy and regulatory purposes. West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands, Directives Management; U.S. Fish and and includes distributional information Wildlife Service; 4401 North Fairfax Why is this amendment of the list of for each species, which specifies Drive, Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203– migratory birds necessary? whether the species is known to occur 1610. The amendment is needed to: (1) Add in the United States. For the 39 species We will not accept e-mail or faxes. We five species previously overlooked from that occur outside the geographic area will post all comments on http:// a family protected under the MBTA; (2) covered by the Check-list (28 that occur www.regulations.gov. This generally correct the spelling of five species on in the Pacific island territories and 11 means that we will post any personal the alphabetized list; (3) correct the listed in the Japanese and/or Russian information that you provide. See the spelling of two species on the conventions that have not occurred in Public Comments section below for taxonomic list; (4) add 11 species based the AOU area), we relied primarily on more information. on new distributional records Clements (2007). Although we primarily FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: documenting their natural occurrence in rely on the above checklists, when Terry Doyle, Wildlife Biologist, Division the United States since April 2007; (5) informed taxonomic opinion is of Migratory Bird Management, 703– add one species from a family now inconsistent or controversial, we 358–1799. protected under the MBTA as a result of evaluate available published and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: taxonomic changes; (6) add six species unpublished information and come to

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our own conclusion regarding the Fregatidae (frigatebirds), Sulidae Nesofregata fuliginosa (Polynesian validity of taxa. (boobys), Phalacrocoracidae Storm-Petrel), becomes Nesofregetta (cormorants), and Anhingidae fuliginosa; What criteria are used to identify (anhingas). In addition, the Order Thalleseus maximus (Royal Tern), individual species protected by the Accipitriformes was split from the becomes Thalasseus maximus; MBTA? Falconiformes and now include the Thalleseus sandvicensis (Sandwich A species qualifies for protection Families Cathartidae (vultures), Tern), becomes Thalasseus under the MBTA by meeting one or Pandionidae (Osprey), and Accipitridae sandvicensis; more of the following four criteria: (hawks and eagles). At the Family level, Phylloscopus siilatrix (Wood (1) It is covered by the Canadian the Ardeidae (herons and egrets) and Warbler), becomes Phylloscopus Convention of 1916, as amended in Threskiornithidae (ibis and spoonbills) sibilatrix; and 1996, by virtue of meeting the following were moved from the Ciconiiformes to Locustella lanceoloata (Lanceolated three criteria: (a) It belongs to a family the Pelecaniformes Order, the Warbler), becomes Locustella or group of species named in the Pandionidae (Osprey) were separated lanceolata. Canadian Convention, as amended; (b) from the Accipitridae (hawks and (3) Correct the spelling of two specimens, photographs, videotape eagles), and the Stercorariidae (jaegers scientific names on the taxonomic list: recordings, or audiotape recordings and skuas) were separated from the Nesofregetta fuiginosa (Polynesian provide convincing evidence of natural Laridae (gulls, terns, and skimmers). Storm-Petrel), becomes Nesofregetta occurrence in the United States or its The Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers), fuliginosa; and territories; and (c) the documentation of Phylloscopidae (Phylloscopus warblers), Tiaris olivacea (Yellow-faced such records has been recognized by the Acrocephalidae (Acrocephalus Grassquit), becomes Tiaris olivaceus. AOU or other competent scientific warblers), and Megaluridae (Locustella (4) Add 11 species based on review authorities. warblers) were separated from the and acceptance by AOU (since April (2) It is covered by the Mexican Sylviidae, and the Calcariidae 2007) of new distributional records Convention of 1936, as amended in (longspurs and snow buntings) were documenting their occurrence in the 1972, by virtue of meeting the following separated from the Emberizidae United States, Puerto Rico, or the U.S. three criteria: (a) It belongs to a family (buntings and sparrows). The euphonias Virgin Islands. These species belong to or group of species named in the were put into their own Subfamily families covered by the Canadian and/ Mexican Convention, as amended; (b) (Euphoniinae) and moved from the or Mexican Conventions, and all are specimens, photographs, videotape Thraupidae to the Fringillidae Family. considered to be of accidental or casual recordings, or audiotape recordings All species within these newly created occurrence. For each species, we list the provide convincing evidence of natural families continue to be protected under State in which it has been recorded plus occurrence in the United States or its the MBTA. In addition, the Wrentit was the relevant publication: territories; and (c) the documentation of moved from the Timaliidae (babblers) to Parkinson’s Petrel, Procellaria such records has been recognized by the the Sylviidae and is now in a family parkinsoni—California (AOU 2008); AOU or other competent scientific protected by the MBTA. Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel, authorities. The amendments (23 additions, 4 Oceanodroma monorhis—North (3) It is listed in the annex to the removals, and 51 name changes) affect Carolina (AOU 2010); Japanese Convention of 1972, as a grand total of 78 species and result in Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus amended. a net addition of 19 species to the List furcatus—California (AOU 2008); (4) It is listed in the appendix to the of Migratory Birds, increasing the Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata— Russian Convention of 1976. species total from 1,007 to 1,026. Of the Alaska (AOU 2009); In accordance with the Migratory Bird 23 species that we add to the list, 6 were White-crested Elaenia, Elaenia Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA) previously covered under the MBTA as albiceps—Texas (AOU 2010); (Pub. L. 108–447, 118 Stat. 2809, 3071– subspecies of listed species. These Crowned Slaty Flycatcher, 72), we include all species native to the amendments can be logically arranged Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus— United States or its territories, which are in the following 9 categories: Louisiana (AOU 2010); those that occur as a result of natural (1) Add five species from the family Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus sinaloa— biological or ecological processes (see Muscicapidae, a family specifically Arizona (AOU 2010); 70 FR 12710, March 15, 2005). We do listed in the 1996 protocol amending the Pallas’s Leaf-Warbler, Phylloscopus not include nonnative species whose 1916 convention with Canada. The proregulus—Alaska (AOU 2008); occurrences in the United States are omission of these species on the Sedge Warbler, Acrocephalus solely the result of intentional or previous list was an oversight. All are schoenobaenus—Alaska (AOU 2009); unintentional human-assisted considered accidental or casual in Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia introduction(s). Alaska. The species and relevant AOU sibilans—Alaska (AOU 2010); and publication(s) are: Yellow-browed Bunting, Emberiza How do the proposed changes affect the chrysophrys—Alaska (AOU 2009). list of migratory birds? Mugimaki Flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (AOU 1987, 1997, 1998); (5) Add one species because of recent Several taxonomic changes were Taiga Flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla taxonomic changes transferring a made at the Order and Family level by (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998, 2006); species in a family formerly not the AOU since publication of the last Dark-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa protected by the MBTA (Timaliidae) list. These changes affect the inclusion sibirica (AOU 1982, 1983, 1998, 2004); into a family protected under the MBTA and taxonomic order of species on this Asian Brown Flycatcher, Muscicapa (Sylviidae). We reference the AOU list. Specifically, the Orders dauurica (AOU 1987, 1989, 1998); and publication supporting the change: Phaethontiformes and Suliformes were Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata (AOU split from the Pelecaniformes. (AOU 2004). 2010). Phaethontiformes now includes the (2) Correct the spelling of five (6) Add six species because of recent Family Phaethontidae (tropicbirds); scientific names on the alphabetized taxonomic changes in which taxa Suliformes now includes the Families list: formerly treated as subspecies have

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been determined to be distinct species. Blue Rock Thrush, Monticola Vermivora crissalis (Colima Warbler) Given that each of these species was solitarius, becomes Blue Rock-Thrush becomes Oreothlypis crissalis (AOU formerly treated as subspecies of a listed (Clements 2007); 2010); species, these additions will not change Clay-colored Robin, Turdus grayi, Vermivora luciae (Lucy’s Warbler) the protective status of any of these taxa, becomes Clay-colored Thrush (AOU becomes Oreothlypis luciae (AOU only the names by which they are 2008); 2010); known. In each case, we reference the White-throated Robin, Turdus Parula superciliosa (Crescent-chested AOU publication supporting the change: assimilis, becomes White-throated Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas Thrush (AOU 2008); superciliosa (AOU 2010); zonorhyncha—formerly considered a Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Seiurus noveboracensis (Northern subspecies of Anas poecilorhyncha, Ammodramus nelsoni, becomes Waterthrush) becomes Parkesia Spot-billed Duck (AOU 2008); Nelson’s Sparrow (AOU 2009); and noveboracensis (AOU 2010); Black Scoter, Melanitta americana— Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Seiurus motacilla (Louisiana formerly treated as a subspecies of Ammodramus caudacutus, becomes Waterthrush) becomes Parkesia Melanitta nigra, Common [Black] Scoter Saltmarsh Sparrow (AOU 2009). motacilla (AOU 2010); (AOU 2009); (9) Revise the scientific names of 36 Pipilo fuscus (Canyon Towhee) Mexican Whip-poor-will, species to conform to the most recent becomes Melozone fusca (AOU 2010); Caprimulgus arizonae— formerly nomenclatural treatment. These Pipilo crissalis (California Towhee) treated as a subspecies of Caprimulgus revisions do not change the protective becomes Melozone crissalis (AOU vociferus, Whip-poor-will (AOU 2010); status of any of these taxa, only the Pacific Wren, Troglodytes pacificus— 2010); names by which they are known. In Pipilo aberti (Abert’s Towhee) formerly treated as a subspecies of each case, we reference the AOU Troglodytes troglodytes, Eurasian becomes Melozone aberti (AOU 2010); publication documenting the name Aimophila carpalis (Rufous-winged [Winter] Wren (AOU 2010); change: Winter Wren, Troglodytes hiemalis— Sparrow) becomes Peucaea carpalis Larus philadelphia (Bonaparte’s Gull) (AOU 2010); formerly treated as a subspecies of becomes Chroicocephalus philadelphia Troglodytes troglodytes, Eurasian Aimophila botterii (Botteri’s Sparrow) (AOU 2008); becomes Peucaea botterii (AOU 2010); [Winter] Wren (AOU 2010); and Larus cirrocephalus (Gray-hooded Aimophila cassinii (Cassin’s Sparrow) Puerto Rican Oriole, Icterus Gull) becomes Chroicocephalus becomes Peucaea cassinii (AOU 2010); portoricensis— formerly treated as a cirrocephalus (AOU 2008); Aimophila aestivalis (Bachman’s subspecies of Icterus dominicensis, Larus ridibundus (Black-headed Gull) Sparrow) becomes Peucaea aestivalis Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Oriole becomes Chroicocephalus ridibundus (AOU 2010); (AOU 2010). (AOU 2008); (7) Remove four species based on Larus minutus (Little Gull) becomes Aimophila quinquestriata (Five- revised taxonomic treatments and Hydrocoloeus minutus (AOU 2008); striped Sparrow) becomes Amphispiza distributional evidence confirming that Larus atricilla (Laughing Gull) quinquestriata (AOU 2010); their known geographic ranges lie becomes Leucophaeus atricilla (AOU Carduelis flammea (Common entirely outside the political boundaries 2008); Redpoll) becomes Acanthis flammea of the United States and its territories. Larus pipixcan (Frankin’s Gull) (AOU 2009); In each case, we reference the AOU becomes Leucophaeus pipixcan (AOU Carduelis hornemanni (Hoary publication supporting these changes: 2008); Redpoll) becomes Acanthis hornemanni Spot-billed Duck, Anas Cyanocorax morio (Brown Jay) (AOU 2009); poecilorhyncha (AOU 2008); becomes Psilorhinus morio (AOU 2010); Carduelis spinus (Eurasian Siskin) Common [Black] Scoter, Melanitta becomes Spinus spinus (AOU 2009); nigra (AOU 2009); Poecile hudsonica (Boreal Chickadee) becomes Poecile hudsonicus (AOU Carduelis pinus (Pine Siskin) becomes Eurasian [Winter] Wren, Troglodytes Spinus pinus (AOU 2009); troglodytes (AOU 2010); and 2009); Carduelis psaltria (Lesser Goldfinch) Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Poecile cincta (Gray-headed becomes Spinus psaltria (AOU 2009); Oriole, Icterus dominicensis (AOU Chickadee) becomes Poecile cinctus 2010). (AOU 2009); Carduelis lawrencei (Lawrence’s (8) Revise the common (English) Calcarius mccownii (McCown’s Goldfinch) becomes Spinus lawrencei names of nine species to conform to the Longspur) becomes Rhynchophanes (AOU 2009); most recent nomenclatural treatment. mccownii (AOU 2010); Carduelis tristis (American Goldfinch) These revisions do not change the Vermivora pinus (Blue-winged becomes Spinus tristis (AOU 2009); and protective status of any of these taxa, Warbler) becomes Vermivora Carduelis sinica (Oriental Greenfinch) only the names by which they are cyanoptera (AOU 2010); becomes Chloris sinica (AOU 2009). known. In each case, we reference the Vermivora peregrina (Tennessee For ease of comparison, changes are published source for the name change: Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis peregrina summarized in the following table Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus (AOU 2010); (numbers reference the categories ruber, becomes American Flamingo Vermivora celata (Orange-crowned treated above). Species whose names (AOU 2008); Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis celata have been revised (categories 2, 8, and Greater Shearwater, Puffinus gravis, (AOU 2010); 9) appear in both the left-hand column becomes Great Shearwater (AOU 2010); Vermivora ruficapilla (Nashville (old name removed) and right-hand Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis column (new name added), as are vociferus, becomes Eastern Whip-poor- ruficapilla (AOU 2010); species that have been added based on will (AOU 2010); Vermivora virginiae (Virginia’s taxonomic splits (category 6) of Green Violet-ear, Colibri thalassinus, Warbler) becomes Oreothlypis virginiae extralimital species that have been becomes Green Violetear (AOU 2008); (AOU 2010); removed (category 7).

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Removed (taxonomically) Added (taxonomically)

Spot-billed Duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (7) ...... Eastern Spot-billed Duck, Anas zonorhyncha (6). Common [Black] Scoter, Melanitta nigra (7) ...... Black Scoter, Melanitta americana (6). Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber (8) ...... American Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber (8). Parkinson’s Petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (4). Greater Shearwater, Puffinus gravis (8) ...... Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis (8). Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregata fuliginosa (2) ...... Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuliginosa (2). Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuiginosa (3) ...... Polynesian Storm-Petrel, Nesofregetta fuliginosa (3). Swinhoe’s Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma monorhis (4). Swallow-tailed Gull, Creagrus furcatus (4). Bonaparte’s Gull, Larus philadelphia (9) ...... Bonaparte’s Gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia (9). Gray-hooded Gull, Larus cirrocephalus (9) ...... Gray-hooded Gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (9). Black-headed Gull, Larus ridibundus (9) ...... Black-headed Gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus (9). Little Gull, Larus minutus (9) ...... Little Gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus (9). Laughing Gull, Larus atricilla (9) ...... Laughing Gull, Leucophaeus atricilla (9). Frankin’s Gull, Larus pipixcan (9) ...... Frankin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (9). Royal Tern, Thalleseus maximus (2) ...... Royal Tern, Thalasseus maximus (2). Sandwich Tern, Thalleseus sandvicensis (2) ...... Sandwich Tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis (2). Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (4). Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (8) ...... Eastern Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus (8). Mexican Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus arizonae (6). Green Violet-ear, Colibri thalassinus (8) ...... Green Violetear, Colibri thalassinus (8). White-crested Elaenia, Elaenia albiceps (4). Crowned Slaty Flycatcher, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus (4). Brown Jay, Cyanocorax morio (9) ...... Brown Jay, Psilorhinus morio (9). Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonica (9) ...... Boreal Chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus (9). Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cincta (9) ...... Gray-headed Chickadee, Poecile cinctus (9). Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus sinaloa (4). Pacific Wren, Troglodytes pacificus (6). Eurasian [Winter] Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes (7) ...... Winter Wren, Troglodytes hiemalis (6). Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus siilatrix (2) ...... Wood Warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (2). Pallas’s Leaf-Warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (4). Lanceolated Warbler, Locustella lanceoloata (2) ...... Lanceolated Warbler, Locustella lanceolata (2). Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata (5). Sedge Warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (4). Mugimaki Flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (1). Taiga Flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (1). Dark-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica (1). Asian Brown Flyctcher, Muscicapa dauurica (1). Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (1). Blue Rock Thrush, Monticola solitarius (8) ...... Blue Rock-Thrush, Monticola solitarius (8). Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia sibilans (4). Clay-colored Robin, Turdus grayi (8) ...... Clay-colored Thrush, Turdus grayi (8). White-throated Robin, Turdus assimilis (8) ...... White-throated Thrush, Turdus assimilis (8). McCown’s Longspur, Calcarius mccownii (9) ...... McCown’s Longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii (9). Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora pinus (9) ...... Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera (9). Tennessee Warbler, Vermivora peregrina (9) ...... Tennessee Warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina (9). Orange-crowned Warbler, Vermivora celata (9) ...... Orange-crowned Warbler, Oreothlypis celata (9). Nashville Warbler, Vermivora ruficapilla (9) ...... Nashville Warbler, Oreothlypis ruficapilla (9). Virginia’s Warbler, Vermivora virginiae (9) ...... Virginia’s Warbler, Oreothlypis virginiae (9). Colima Warbler, Vermivora crissalis (9) ...... Colima Warbler, Oreothlypis crissalis (9). Lucy’s Warbler, Vermivora luciae (9) ...... Lucy’s Warbler, Oreothlypis luciae (9). Crescent-chested Warbler, Parula superciliosa (9) ...... Crescent-chested Warbler, Oreothlypis superciliosa (9). Northern Waterthrush, Seiurus noveboracensis (9) ...... Northern Waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis (9). Louisiana Waterthrush, Seiurus motacilla (9) ...... Louisiana Waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla (9). Yellow-faced Grassquit, Tiaris olivacea (3) ...... Yellow-faced Grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus (3). Canyon Towhee, Pipilo fuscus (9) ...... Canyon Towhee, Melozone fusca (9). California Towhee, Pipilo crissalis (9) ...... California Towhee, Melozone crissalis (9). Abert’s Towhee, Pipilo aberti (9) ...... Abert’s Towhee, Melozone aberti (9). Rufous-winged Sparrow, Aimophila carpalis (9) ...... Rufous-winged Sparrow, Peucaea carpalis (9). Botteri’s Sparrow, Aimophila botterii (9) ...... Botteri’s Sparrow, Peucaea botterii (9). Cassin’s Sparrow, Aimophila cassinii (9) ...... Cassin’s Sparrow, Peucaea cassinii (9). Bachman’s Sparrow, Aimophila aestivalis (9) ...... Bachman’s Sparrow, Peucaea aestivalis (9). Five-striped Sparrow, Aimophila quinquestriata (9) ...... Five-striped Sparrow, Amphispiza quinquestriata (9). Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni (8) ...... Nelson’s Sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni (8). Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus (8) ...... Saltmarsh Sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus (8). Yellow-browed Bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys (4). Hispaniolan [Greater Antillean] Oriole, Icterus dominicensis (7) ...... Puerto Rican Oriole, Icterus portoricensis (6). Common Redpoll, Carduelis flammea (9) ...... Common Redpoll, Acanthis flammea (9). Hoary Redpoll, Carduelis hornemanni (9) ...... Hoary Redpoll, Acanthis hornemanni (9). Eurasian Siskin, Carduelis spinus (9) ...... Eurasian Siskin, Spinus spinus (9). Pine Siskin, Carduelis pinus (9) ...... Pine Siskin, Spinus pinus (9). Lesser Goldfinch, Carduelis psaltria (9) ...... Lesser Goldfinch, Spinus psaltria (9). Lawrence’s Goldfinch, Carduelis lawrencei (9) ...... Lawrence’s Goldfinch, Spinus lawrencei (9). American Goldfinch, Carduelis tristis (9) ...... American Goldfinch, Spinus tristis (9).

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Removed (taxonomically) Added (taxonomically)

Oriental Greenfinch, Carduelis sinica (9) ...... Oriental Greenfinch, Chloris sinica (9).

How is the list of migratory birds World sparrows), Ploceidae (weavers), used in preparing this proposed rule, organized? Estrildidae (estrildid finches), and will be available for public inspection at The species are listed in two formats numerous other families not currently http://www.regulations.gov, or by to suit the needs of different segments represented in the United States or its appointment, during normal business of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR territories. hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR (3) Native species that belong to Service (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION families or groups represented in the 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing, CONTACT). You may obtain copies of our United States, but which are not species are listed by common (English) previous actions concerning this subject expressly mentioned by the Canadian, group names, with the scientific name by mail (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Mexican, or Russian Conventions, of each species following the English CONTACT) or by visiting the Federal including the Megapodiidae group name. This format, similar to that eRulemaking Portal at http:// (megapodes), Phasianidae (grouse, used in modern telephone directories, is www.regulations.gov. ptarmigan, and turkeys), most useful to members of the lay Odontophoridae (New World quail), Required Determinations public. In the taxonomic listing, species Burhinidae (thick-knees), Glareolidae are listed in phylogenetic sequence by Regulatory Planning and Review (pratincoles), Psittacidae (parrots), (Executive Order 12866) scientific name, with the English name Todidae (todies), Meliphagidae following the scientific name. To help (honeyeaters), Monarchidae (monarch The Office of Management and Budget clarify species relationships, we also list flycatchers [elepaios]), Zosteropidae (OMB) has determined that this the higher-level taxonomic categories of (white-eyes), and Coerebidae proposed rule is not significant under Order, Family, and Subfamily. This (bananaquit). It should be noted that Executive Order 12866. OMB bases its format follows the sequence adopted by this rule supersedes the 70 FR 12710 determination upon the following four the AOU (1998, 2010) and is most useful notice to the extent that they are criteria: to ornithologists and other scientists. inconsistent. Specifically, the 1996 (a) Whether the rule will have an annual effect of $100 million or more on What species are not protected by the amendment to the Canadian Convention the economy or adversely affect an Migratory Bird Treaty Act? included the family Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers). Thus, all members economic sector, productivity, jobs, the The MBTA does not apply to: environment, or other units of the (1) Nonnative species introduced into of the Muscicapidae family are now included on this list. In addition, the government. the United States or its territories by (b) Whether the rule will create means of intentional or unintentional Wrentit is now considered a member of the Sylviidae family rather than the inconsistencies with other Federal human assistance that belong to families agencies’ actions. or groups covered by the Canadian, Timaliidae family and is now included on this list. (c) Whether the rule will materially Mexican, or Russian Conventions, in Partial lists of the species included in affect entitlements, grants, user fees, accordance with the MBTRA. See 70 FR categories 2 and 3 are available at loan programs, or the rights and 12710 (March 15, 2005) for a partial list http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/ obligations of their recipients. of nonnative, human-introduced bird RegulationsPolicies/mbta/ (d) Whether the rule raises novel legal species in this category. Note, though, MBTAProtectedNonprotected.html. or policy issues. that native species that are introduced into parts of the United States where Public Comments Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) they are not native are still protected We request comments or suggestions under the MBTA regardless of where on this proposed rule from any Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act they occur in the United States or its interested parties. You may submit your (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the territories. comments and materials concerning this Small Business Regulatory Enforcement (2) Nonnative, human-introduced proposed rule by one of the methods Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (Pub. L. species that belong to families or groups listed in the ADDRESSES section. We will 104–121)), whenever an agency is not covered by the Canadian, Mexican, not consider comments sent by e-mail or required to publish a notice of or Russian Conventions, including fax or to an address not listed in the rulemaking for any proposed or final Tinamidae (tinamous), Cracidae ADDRESSES section. rule, it must prepare and make available (chachalacas), Megapodiidae If you submit a comment via http:// for public comment a regulatory (megapodes), Phasianidae (grouse, www.regulations.gov, your entire flexibility analysis that describes the ptarmigan, and turkeys), Turnicidae comment—including any personal effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., (buttonquails), Odontophoridae (New identifying information—will be posted small businesses, small organizations, World quail), Pteroclididae on the Web site. If you submit a and small government jurisdictions). (sandgrouse), Psittacidae (parrots), hardcopy comment that includes However, no regulatory flexibility Dicruridae (drongos), Rhamphastidae personal identifying information, you analysis is required if the head of an (toucans), Musophagidae (turacos), may request at the top of your document agency certifies the rule does not have Bucerotidae (hornbills), Bucorvidae that we withhold this information from a significant economic impact on a (ground-hornbills), Pycnonotidae public review. However, we cannot substantial number of small entities. (bulbuls), Pittidae (pittas), Irenidae guarantee that we will be able to do so. SBREFA amended the Regulatory (fairy-bluebirds), Timaliidae (babblers), We will post all hardcopy comments on Flexibility Act to require Federal Zosteropidae (white-eyes), Sturnidae http://www.regulations.gov. agencies to provide the statement of the (starlings; except as listed in the Comments and materials we receive, factual basis for certifying that a rule Japanese Convention), Passeridae (Old as well as supporting documentation we will not have a significant economic

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impact on a substantial number of small significant economic impacts are regulations that significantly affect entities. We have examined this expected to result from the updating of energy supply, distribution, and use. proposed rule’s potential effects on the list of migratory bird species. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies small entities as required by the to prepare Statements of Energy Effects Civil Justice Reform Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have when undertaking certain actions. determined that this action would not In accordance with Executive Order Because this proposed rule only affects have a significant economic impact on 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has the listing of protected species in the a substantial number of small entities, determined that the proposed rule United States, it is not a significant because we are simply updating the list would not unduly burden the judicial regulatory action under Executive Order of migratory bird species protected system and meets the requirements of 12866, and does not significantly affect under the Conventions. Consequently, sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order. energy supplies, distribution, or use. we certify that because this rule does Paperwork Reduction Act Therefore, this action is not a significant not have a significant economic effect energy action and no Statement of on a substantial number of small We examined this proposed rule Energy Effects is required. entities, a regulatory flexibility analysis under the Paperwork Reduction Act of References Cited is not required. 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). There are This proposed rule is not a major rule no new information collection A complete list of all references cited under SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 804(2)). It requirements associated with this is available upon request (see FOR would not have a significant impact on proposed rule. We are not requiring any FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT above). a substantial number of small entities. new permits, reports, or recordkeeping List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 10 a. This proposed rule would not have in this proposed rule. an annual effect on the economy of $100 National Environmental Policy Act Exports, Fish, Imports, Law million or more. (NEPA) enforcement, Plants, Transportation, b. This proposed rule would not cause Wildlife. a major increase in costs or prices for Given that the revision of 50 CFR Proposed Regulation Promulgation consumers, individual industries, 10.13 is strictly administrative in nature Federal, State, or local government and will have no or minor For the reasons discussed in the agencies, or geographic regions. environmental effects, it is categorically preamble, we propose to amend title 50, c. This proposed rule will not have excluded from further NEPA chapter I, subchapter B, part 10 of the significant adverse effects on requirements (43 CFR 46.210(h)). Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: competition, employment, investment, Endangered Species Act (ESA) productivity, innovation, or the ability PART 10—[AMENDED] Seventy-five of the species on the of U.S.-based enterprises to compete 1. The authority citation for part 10 with foreign-based enterprises. proposed List of Migratory Birds are also designated as endangered or continues to read as follows: Unfunded Mandates Reform Act threatened in all or some portion of Authority: 18 U.S.C. 42; 16 U.S.C. 703– In accordance with the Unfunded their U.S. range under provisions of the 712; 16 U.S.C. 668a–d; 19 U.S.C. 1202; 16 Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531–1543; 16 U.S.C. 1361–1384, U.S.C. 1531–44; 50 CFR 17.11). No legal 1401–1407; 16 U.S.C. 742a–742j–l; 16 U.S.C. seq.), we have determined the following: 3371–3378. a. This proposed rule would not complications arise from the dual listing ‘‘significantly or uniquely’’ affect small since the two lists are developed under 2. Revise § 10.13 to read as follows: separate authorities and for different governments. A small government § 10.13 List of Migratory Birds. agency plan is not required. Actions purposes. Because the rule is strictly under the proposed regulation would administrative in nature, it does not (a) Legal authority for this list. The not affect small government activities in require ESA consultation. legal authorities for this list are the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA; 16 any significant way. Government-to-Government b. This proposed rule would not U.S.C. 703–712), the Fish and Wildlife Relationship With Tribes produce a Federal mandate of $100 Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. million or greater in any year; i.e., it is In accordance with the President’s 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of not a ‘‘significant regulatory action’’ memorandum of April 29, 1994, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a–742j). The MBTA under the Unfunded Mandates Reform ‘‘Government-to-Government Relations implements Conventions between the Act. with Native American tribal United States and four neighboring Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), Executive countries for the protection of migratory Takings Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have birds, as follows: In accordance with Executive Order evaluated potential effects on Federally- (1) Canada: Convention between the 12630, the proposed rule would not recognized Indian tribes and have United States and Great Britain [on have significant takings implications. determined that there are no potential behalf of Canada] for the Protection of This proposed rule does not contain a effects. The revisions to existing Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 provision for taking of private property. regulations in this proposed rule are Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended; Therefore, a takings implication purely administrative in nature and (2) Mexico: Convention between the assessment is not required. would not interfere with the tribes’ United States and Mexico for the ability to manage themselves or their Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Federalism funds or to regulate migratory bird Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. This proposed rule would not have activities on tribal lands. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended; sufficient Federalism effects to warrant (3) Japan: Convention between the preparation of a Federalism assessment Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use Government of the United States of under Executive Order 13132. It would (Executive Order 13211) America and the Government of Japan not interfere with the States’ ability to On May 18, 2001, the President issued for the Protection of Migratory Birds and manage themselves or their funds. No Executive Order 13211 addressing Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their

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Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. AUKLET, Cassin’s, Ptychoramphus Yellow-throated, Emberiza elegans 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and aleuticus BUSHTIT, Psaltriparus minimus (4) Russia: Convention between the Crested, Aethia cristatella CANVASBACK, Aythya valisineria United States of America and the Union Least, Aethia pusilla CARACARA, Crested, Caracara of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning Parakeet, Aethia psittacula cheriway the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata CARDINAL, Northern, Cardinalis Their Environment, November 19, 1976, Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea cardinalis 20 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073). AVOCET, American, Recurvirostra CARIB, Green-throated, Eulampis (b) Purpose of this list. The purpose americana holosericeus is to inform the public of the species BEAN-GOOSE, Taiga, Anser fabalis Purple-throated, Eulampis jugularis protected by regulations that enforce the Tundra, Anser serrirostris CATBIRD, Black, Melanoptila terms of the MBTA. These regulations, BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET, Northern, glabrirostris found in parts 10, 20, and 21 of this Camptostoma imberbe Gray, Dumetella carolinensis chapter, cover most aspects of the BECARD, Rose-throated, Pachyramphus CHAFFINCH, Common, Fringilla taking, possession, transportation, sale, aglaiae coelebs purchase, barter, exportation, and BITTERN, American, Botaurus CHAT, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens importation of migratory birds. lentiginosus CHICKADEE, Black-capped, Poecile (c) What species are protected as Black, Ixobrychus flavicollis atricapillus migratory birds? Species protected as Least, Ixobrychus exilis Boreal, Poecile hudsonicus migratory birds are listed in two formats Schrenck’s, Ixobrychus eurhythmus Carolina, Poecile carolinensis to suit the varying needs of the user: Yellow, Ixobrychus sinensis Chestnut-backed, Poecile rufescens Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of BLACK-HAWK, Common, Buteogallus Gray-headed, Poecile cinctus this section and taxonomically in anthracinus Mexican, Poecile sclateri paragraph (c)(2) of this section. BLACKBIRD, Brewer’s, Euphagus Mountain, Poecile gambeli Taxonomy and nomenclature generally cyanocephalus CHUCK-WILL’S-WIDOW, Caprimulgus follow the 7th edition of the American Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus carolinensis Ornithologists’ Union’s Check-list of Rusty, Euphagus carolinus CONDOR, California, Gymnogyps North American birds (1998, as Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius californianus amended through 2010). For species not humeralis COOT, American, Fulica americana treated by the AOU Check-list, we Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor Caribbean, Fulica caribaea generally follow The Clements Checklist Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus Eurasian, Fulica atra Hawaiian, Fulica alai of Birds of the World (Clements 2007). xanthocephalus Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius CORMORANT, Brandt’s, Phalacrocorax (1) Alphabetical listing. Species are xanthomus penicillatus listed alphabetically by common BLUEBIRD, Eastern, Sialia sialis Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus (English) group names, with the Mountain, Sialia currucoides Great, Phalacrocorax carbo scientific name of each species Western, Sialia mexicana Little Pied, Phalacrocorax following the common name. BLUETAIL, Red-flanked, Tarsiger melanoleucos ACCENTOR, Siberian, Prunella cyanurus Neotropic, Phalacrocorax brasilianus montanella BLUETHROAT, Luscinia svecica Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus AKEKEE, Loxops caeruleirostris BOBOLINK, Dolichonyx oryzivorus Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile AKEPA, Loxops coccineus BOOBY, Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii COWBIRD, Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus AKIALOA, Greater, Hemignathus Brown, Sula leucogaster Brown-headed, Molothrus ater ellisianus Masked, Sula dactylatra Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis AKIAPOLAAU, Hemignathus munroi Red-footed, Sula sula CRAKE, Corn, Crex crex AKIKIKI, Oreomystis bairdi BRAMBLING, Fringilla montifringilla Paint-billed, Neocrex erythrops AKOHEKOHE, Palmeria dolei BRANT, Branta bernicla Spotless, Porzana tabuensis ALAUAHIO, Maui, Paroreomyza BUFFLEHEAD, Bucephala albeola Yellow-breasted, Porzana flaviventer montana BULLFINCH, Eurasian, Pyrrhula CRANE, Common, Grus grus Oahu, Paroreomyza maculata pyrrhula Sandhill, Grus canadensis ALBATROSS, Black-browed, Puerto Rican, Loxigilla portoricensis Whooping, Grus americana Thalassarche melanophris BUNTING, Blue, Cyanocompsa CREEPER, Brown, Certhia americana Black-footed, Phoebastria nigripes parellina Hawaii, Oreomystis mana Laysan, Phoebastria immutabilis Gray, Emberiza variabilis CROSSBILL, Red, Loxia curvirostra Light-mantled, Phoebetria palpebrata Indigo, Passerina cyanea White-winged, Loxia leucoptera Short-tailed, Phoebastria albatrus Little, Emberiza pusilla CROW, American, Corvus Shy, Thalassarche cauta Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys brachyrhynchos Wandering, Diomedea exulans Lazuli, Passerina amoena Fish, Corvus ossifragus Yellow-nosed, Thalassarche McKay’s, Plectrophenax hyperboreus Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis chlororhynchos Painted, Passerina ciris Mariana, Corvus kubaryi AMAKIHI, Hawaii, Hemignathus virens Pallas’s, Emberiza pallasi Northwestern, Corvus caurinus Kauai, Hemignathus kauaiensis Pine, Emberiza leucocephalos Tamaulipas, Corvus imparatus Oahu, Hemignathus flavus Reed, Emberiza schoeniclus White-necked, Corvus ANHINGA, Anhinga anhinga Rustic, Emberiza rustica leucognaphalus ANI, Groove-billed, Crotophaga Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis CUCKOO, Black-billed, Coccyzus sulcirostris Varied, Passerina versicolor erythropthalmus Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani Yellow-breasted, Emberiza aureola Common, Cuculus canorus ANIANIAU, Magumma parva Yellow-browed, Emberiza Mangrove, Coccyzus minor APAPANE, Himatione sanguinea chrysophrys Oriental, Cuculus optatus

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Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus Purple, Carpodacus purpureus Marbled, Limosa fedoa CURLEW, Bristle-thighed, Numenius FLAMINGO, American, Phoenicopterus GOLDEN-PLOVER, American, Pluvialis tahitiensis ruber dominica Eskimo, Numenius borealis FLICKER, Gilded, Colaptes chrysoides European, Pluvialis apricaria Eurasian, Numenius arquata Northern, Colaptes auratus Pacific, Pluvialis fulva Far Eastern, Numenius FLYCATCHER, Acadian, Empidonax GOLDENEYE, Barrow’s, Bucephala madagascariensis virescens islandica Little, Numenius minutus Alder, Empidonax alnorum Common, Bucephala clangula Long-billed, Numenius americanus Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens GOLDFINCH, American, Spinus tristis DICKCISSEL, Spiza americana Asian Brown, Muscicapa dauurica Lawrence’s, Spinus lawrencei DIPPER, American, Cinclus mexicanus Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus Lesser, Spinus psaltria DOTTEREL, Eurasian, Charadrius Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons GOOSE, Barnacle, Branta leucopsis morinellus Cordilleran, Empidonax occidentalis Canada, Branta canadensis (including DOVE, Inca, Columbina inca Crowned Slaty, Empidonomus Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii) Mourning, Zenaida macroura aurantioatrocristatus Emperor, Chen canagica White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi Dark-sided, Muscicapa sibirica Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons White-winged, Zenaida asiatica Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri Hawaiian, Branta sandvicensis Zenaida, Zenaida aurita Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer Lesser White-fronted, Anser DOVEKIE, Alle alle Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana erythropus DOWITCHER, Long-billed, Gray, Empidonax wrightii Ross’s, Chen rossii Limnodromus scolopaceus Gray-streaked, Muscicapa griseisticta Snow, Chen caerulescens Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus GOSHAWK, Northern, Accipiter gentilis DUCK, American Black, Anas rubripes Hammond’s, Empidonax hammondii GRACKLE, Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major Eastern Spot-billed, Anas La Sagra’s, Myiarchus sagrae Common, Quiscalus quiscula zonorhyncha Least, Empidonax minimus Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus Falcated, Anas falcata Mugimaki, Ficedula mugimaki Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger Harlequin, Histrionicus histrionicus Narcissus, Ficedula narcissina GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER, Hawaiian, Anas wyvilliana Nutting’s, Myiarchus nuttingi Middendorff’s, Locustella Laysan, Anas laysanensis Olive-sided, Contopus cooperi ochotensis Long-tailed, Clangula hyemalis Pacific-slope, Empidonax difficilis GRASSQUIT, Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor Masked, Nomonyx dominicus Piratic, Legatus leucophalus Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivaceus Mottled, Anas fulvigula Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum GREBE, Clark’s, Aechmophorus clarkii Muscovy, Cairina moschata Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus Eared, Podiceps nigricollis Pacific Black, Anas superciliosa Social, Myiozetetes similis Horned, Podiceps auritus Ring-necked, Aythya collaris Spotted, Muscicapa striata Least, Tachybaptus dominicus Ruddy, Oxyura jamaicensis Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps Tufted, Aythya fuligula luteiventris Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena Wood, Aix sponsa Taiga, Ficedula albicilla Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis DUNLIN, Calidris alpina Tufted, Mitrephanes phaeocercus GREENFINCH, Oriental, Chloris sinica EAGLE, Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus Variegated, Empidonomus varius GREENSHANK, Common, Tringa Golden, Aquila chrysaetos Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus nebularia White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla Willow, Empidonax traillii Nordmann’s, Tringa guttifer EGRET, Cattle, Bubulcus ibis Yellow-bellied, Empidonax GROSBEAK, Black-headed, Pheucticus Chinese, Egretta eulophotes flaviventris melanocephalus Great, Ardea alba FOREST-FALCON, Collared, Micrastur Blue, Passerina caerulea Intermediate, Mesophoyx intermedia semitorquatus Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis Little, Egretta garzetta FRIGATEBIRD, Great, Fregata minor celaeno Reddish, Egretta rufescens Lesser, Fregata ariel Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus Snowy, Egretta thula Magnificent, Fregata magnificens Pine, Pinicola enucleator EIDER, Common, Somateria mollissima FROG-HAWK, Gray, Accipiter soloensis Rose-breasted, Pheucticus King, Somateria spectabilis FRUIT-DOVE, Crimson-crowned, ludovicianus Spectacled, Somateria fischeri Ptilinopus porphyraceus Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus Steller’s, Polysticta stelleri Many-colored, Ptilinopus perousii GROUND-DOVE, Common, Columbina ELAENIA, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica Mariana, Ptilinopus roseicapilla passerina Greenish, Myiopagis viridicata FULMAR, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis Friendly, Gallicolumba stairi White-crested, Elaenia albiceps GADWALL, Anas strepera Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti EMERALD, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon GALLINULE, Azure, Porphyrio White-throated, Gallicolumba maugaeus flavirostris xanthonura EUPHONIA, Antillean, Euphonia Purple, Porphyrio martinica GUILLEMOT, Black, Cepphus grylle musica GANNET, Northern, Morus bassanus Pigeon, Cepphus columba FALCON, Aplomado, Falco femoralis GARGANEY, Anas querquedula GULL, Belcher’s, Larus belcheri Peregrine, Falco peregrinus GNATCATCHER, Black-capped, Black-headed, Chroicocephalus Prairie, Falco mexicanus Polioptila nigriceps ridibundus Red-footed, Flaco vespertinus Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura Black-tailed, Larus crassirostris FIELDFARE, Turdus pilaris Blue-gray, Polioptila caerulea Bonaparte’s, Chroicocephalus FINCH, Cassin’s, Carpodacus cassinii California, Polioptila californica philadelphia House, Carpodacus mexicanus GODWIT, Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica California, Larus californicus Laysan, Telespiza cantans Black-tailed, Limosa limosa Franklin’s, Leucophaeus pipixcan Nihoa, Telespiza ultima Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus

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Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens Costa’s, Calypte costae Sky, Alauda arvensis Gray-hooded, Chroicocephalus Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer LEAF-WARBLER, Pallas’s, Phylloscopus cirrocephalus Magnificent, Eugenes fulgens proregulus Great Black-backed, Larus marinus Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris LIMPKIN, Aramus guarauna Heermann’s, Larus heermanni Rufous, Selasphorus rufus LIZARD-CUCKOO, Puerto Rican, Herring, Larus argentatus Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps Coccyzus vieilloti Iceland, Larus glaucoides White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis LONGSPUR, Chestnut-collared, Ivory, Pagophila eburnea Xantus’s, Hylocharis xantusii Calcarius ornatus Kelp, Larus dominicanus IBIS, Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus Laughing, Leucophaeus atricilla Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber McCown’s, Rhynchophanes mccownii Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus White, Eudocimus albus Smith’s, Calcarius pictus Little, Hydrocoloeus minutus White-faced, Plegadis chihi LOON, Arctic, Gavia arctica Mew, Larus canus IIWI, Vestiaria coccinea Common, Gavia immer Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis IMPERIAL-PIGEON, Pacific, Ducula Pacific, Gavia pacifica Ross’s, Rhodostethia rosea pacifica Red-throated, Gavia stellata Sabine’s, Xema sabini JABIRU, Jabiru mycteria Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus JACANA, Northern, Jacana spinosa MAGPIE, Black-billed, Pica hudsonia Swallow-tailed, Creagrus furcatus JAEGER, Long-tailed, Stercorarius Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli Thayer’s, Larus thayeri longicaudus MALLARD, Anas platyrhynchos Western, Larus occidentalis Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus MANGO, Antillean, Anthracothorax Yellow-footed, Larus livens Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus dominicus Yellow-legged, Larus michahellis JAY, Blue, Cyanocitta cristata Green, Anthracothorax viridis GYRFALCON, Falco rusticolus Brown, Psilorhinus morio Green-breasted, Anthracothorax HARRIER, Northern, Circus cyaneus Gray, Perisoreus canadensis prevostii HAWFINCH, Coccothraustes Green, Cyanocorax yncas MARTIN, Brown-chested, Progne tapera coccothraustes Mexican, Aphelocoma ultramarina Caribbean, Progne dominicensis HAWK, Broad-winged, Buteo Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca platypterus Steller’s, Cyanocitta stelleri Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea Cooper’s, Accipiter cooperii JUNCO, Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis Purple, Progne subis Crane, Geranospiza caerulescens Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus Southern, Progne elegans Ferruginous, Buteo regalis KAKAWAHIE, Paroreomyza flammea MEADOWLARK, Eastern, Sturnella Gray, Buteo nitidus KAMAO, Myadestes myadestinus magna Harris’s, Parabuteo unicinctus KESTREL, American, Falco sparverius Western, Sturnella neglecta Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus MERGANSER, Common, Mergus Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus KILLDEER, Charadrius vociferus merganser Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis KINGBIRD, Cassin’s, Tyrannus Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus Roadside, Buteo magnirostris vociferans Red-breasted, Mergus serrator Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus Couch’s, Tyrannus couchii MERLIN, Falco columbarius Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus MILLERBIRD, Acrocephalus familiaris Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis MOCKINGBIRD, Bahama, Mimus Swainson’s, Buteo swainsoni Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus gundlachii White-tailed, Buteo albicaudatus Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris Blue, Melanotis caerulescens Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus Northern, Mimus polyglottos HAWK-CUCKOO, Hodgson’s, Cuculus Western, Tyrannus verticalis MOORHEN, Common, Gallinula fugax KINGFISHER, Belted, Megaceryle chloropus HAWK-OWL, Brown, Ninox scutulata alcyon MURRE, Common, Uria aalge HERON, Gray, Ardea cinerea Collared, Todirhamphus chloris Thick-billed, Uria lomvia Great Blue, Ardea herodias Green, Chloroceryle americana MURRELET, Ancient, Green, Butorides virescens Micronesian, Todirhamphus Synthliboramphus antiquus Little Blue, Egretta caerulea cinnamominus Craveri’s, Synthliboramphus craveri Tricolored, Egretta tricolor Ringed, Megaceryle torquata Kittlitz’s, Brachyramphus brevirostris HOBBY, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo KINGLET, Golden-crowned, Regulus Long-billed, Brachyramphus perdix HOOPOE, Eurasian, Upupa epops satrapa Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus HOUSE-MARTIN, Common, Delichon Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula Xantus’s, Synthliboramphus urbicum KISKADEE, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus hypoleucus HUMMINGBIRD, Allen’s, Selasphorus KITE, Black, Milvus migrans NEEDLETAIL, White-throated, sasin Hook-billed, Chondrohierax Hirundapus caudacutus Anna’s, Calypte anna uncinatus NIGHT-HERON, Black-crowned, Antillean Crested, Orthorhyncus Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis Nycticorax nycticorax cristatus Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis Japanese, Gorsachius goisagi Berylline, Amazilia beryllina Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus Malayan, Gorsachius melanolophus Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri White-tailed, Elanus leucurus Yellow-crowned, Nyctanassa violacea Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae KITTIWAKE, Black-legged, Rissa NIGHTHAWK, Antillean, Chordeiles Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris tridactyla gundlachii Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus Red-legged, Rissa brevirostris Common, Chordeiles minor Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis KNOT, Great, Calidris tenuirostris Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis Bumblebee, Atthis heloisa Red, Calidris canutus NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH, Black- Calliope, Stellula calliope LAPWING, Northern, Vanellus vanellus headed, Catharus mexicanus Cinnamon, Amazilia rutila LARK, Horned, Eremophila alpestris Orange-billed, Catharus

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aurantiirostris Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca Northern, Glaucidium gnoma NIGHTJAR, Buff-collared, Caprimulgus Bulwer’s, Bulweria bulwerii PYRRHULOXIA, Cardinalis sinuatus ridgwayi Cook’s, Pterodroma cookii QUAIL-DOVE, Bridled, Geotrygon Gray, Caprimulgus indicus Gould’s, Pterodroma leucoptera mystacea Puerto Rican, Caprimulgus Great-winged, Pterodroma macroptera Key West, Geotrygon chrysia noctitherus Hawaiian, Pterodroma sandwichensis Ruddy, Geotrygon montana NODDY, Black, Anous minutus Herald, Pterodroma arminjoniana QUETZEL, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus Blue-gray, Procelsterna cerulea Jouanin’s, Bulweria fallax RAIL, Black, Laterallus jamaicensis Brown, Anous stolidus Juan Fernandez, Pterodroma externa Buff-banded, Gallirallus philippensis NUKUPUU, Hemignathus lucidus Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta Clapper, Rallus longirostris NUTCRACKER, Clark’s, Nucifraga Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata Guam, Gallirallus owstoni columbiana Murphy’s, Pterodroma ultima King, Rallus elegans NUTHATCH, Brown-headed, Sitta Parkinson’s, Procellaria parkinsoni Spotted, Pardirallus maculatus pusilla Phoenix, Pterodroma alba Virginia, Rallus limicola Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea Stejneger’s, Pterodroma longirostris Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis Tahiti, Pterodroma rostrata RAVEN, Chihuahuan, Corvus White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis White-necked, Pterodroma cervicalis cryptoleucus OLOMAO, Myadestes lanaiensis PEWEE, Cuban, Contopus caribaeus Common, Corvus corax OMAO, Myadestes obscurus Greater, Contopus pertinax RAZORBILL, Alca torda ORIOLE, Altamira, Icterus gularis Hispaniolan, Contopus hispaniolensis REDHEAD, Aythya americana Audubon’s, Icterus graduacauda Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris REDPOLL, Common, Acanthis flammea Baltimore, Icterus galbula PHAINOPEPLA, Phainopepla nitens Hoary, Acanthis hornemanni Black-vented, Icterus wagleri PHALAROPE, Red, Phalaropus REDSHANK, Spotted, Tringa erythropus Bullock’s, Icterus bullockii fulicarius REDSTART, American, Setophaga Hooded, Icterus cucullatus Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus ruticilla Orchard, Icterus spurius Wilson’s, Phalaropus tricolor Painted, Myioborus pictus Puerto Rican, Icterus portoricensis PHOEBE, Black, Sayornis nigricans Slate-throated, Myioborus miniatus Scott’s, Icterus parisorum Eastern, Sayornis phoebe REED-WARBLER, Nightingale, Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus Say’s, Sayornis saya Acrocephalus luscinia OSPREY, Pandion haliaetus PIGEON, Band-tailed, Patagioenas REEF-EGRET, Pacific, Egretta sacra OU, Psittirostra psittacea fasciata REEF-HERON, Western, Egretta gularis OVENBIRD, Seiurus aurocapilla Plain, Patagioenas inornata ROADRUNNER, Greater, Geococcyx OWL, Barn, Tyto alba Red-billed, Patagioenas flavirostris californianus Barred, Strix varia Scaly-naped, Patagioenas squamosa ROBIN, American, Turdus migratorius Boreal, Aegolius funereus White-crowned, Patagioenas Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus Burrowing, Athene cunicularia leucocephala Rufous-tailed, Luscinia sibilans Elf, Micrathene whitneyi PINTAIL, Northern, Anas acuta Siberian Blue, Luscinia cyane Flammulated, Otus flammeolus White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis ROCK-THRUSH, Blue, Monticola Great Gray, Strix nebulosa PIPIT, American, Anthus rubescens solitarius Great Horned, Bubo virginianus Olive-backed, Anthus hodgsoni ROSEFINCH, Common, Carpodacus Long-eared, Asio otus Pechora, Anthus gustavi erythrinus Mottled, Ciccaba virgata Red-throated, Anthus cervinus ROSY-FINCH, Black, Leucosticte atrata Northern Hawk, Surnia ulula Sprague’s, Anthus spragueii Brown-capped, Leucosticte australis Northern Saw-whet, Aegolius Tree, Anthus trivialis Gray-crowned, Leucosticte tephrocotis acadicus PLOVER, Black-bellied, Pluvialis RUBYTHROAT, Siberian, Luscinia Short-eared, Asio flammeus squatarola calliope Snowy, Bubo scandiacus Collared, Charadrius collaris RUFF, Philomachus pugnax Spotted, Strix occidentalis Common Ringed, Charadrius SANDERLING, Calidris alba Stygian, Asio stygius hiaticula SANDPIPER, Baird’s, Calidris bairdii OYSTERCATCHER, American, Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius Broad-billed, Limicola falcinellus Haematopus palliatus Mountain, Charadrius montanus Buff-breasted, Tryngites subruficollis Black, Haematopus bachmani Piping, Charadrius melodus Common, Actitis hypoleucos Eurasian, Haematopus ostralegus Semipalmated, Charadrius Curlew, Calidris ferruginea PALILA, Loxioides bailleui semipalmatus Green, Tringa ochropus PALM-SWIFT, Antillean, Tachornis Snowy, Charadrius alexandrinus Least, Calidris minutilla phoenicobia Wilson’s, Charadrius wilsonia Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis PARROTBILL, Maui, Pseudonestor POCHARD, Baer’s, Aythya baeri Pectoral, Calidris melanotos xanthophrys Common, Aythya ferina Purple, Calidris maritima PARULA, Northern, Parula americana POND-HERON, Chinese, Ardeola Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis Tropical, Parula pitiayumi bacchus Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla PAURAQUE, Common, Nyctidromus POORWILL, Common, Phalaenoptilus Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata albicollis nuttallii Solitary, Tringa solitaria PELICAN, American White, Pelecanus POO-ULI, Melamprosops phaeosoma Spoon-billed, Eurynorhynchus erythrorhynchos PUAIOHI, Myadestes palmeri pygmeus Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis PUFFIN, Atlantic, Fratercula arctica Spotted, Actitis macularius PETREL, Bermuda, Pterodroma cahow Horned, Fratercula corniculata Stilt, Calidris himantopus Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata Terek, Xenus cinereus Black-winged, Pterodroma PYGMY-OWL, Ferruginous, Glaucidium Upland, Bartramia longicauda nigripennis brasilianum Western, Calidris mauri

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White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis Bachman’s, Peucaea aestivalis Ringed, Oceanodroma hornbyi Wood, Tringa glareola Baird’s, Ammodramus bairdii Swinhoe’s, Oceanodroma monorhis SAND-PLOVER, Greater, Charadrius Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis Tristram’s, Oceanodroma tristrami leschenaultii Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys Lesser, Charadrius mongolus Botteri’s, Peucaea botterii White-faced, Pelagodroma marina SAPSUCKER, Red-breasted, Brewer’s, Spizella breweri White-bellied, Fregetta grallaria Sphyrapicus ruber Cassin’s, Peucaea cassinii Wilson’s, Oceanites oceanicus Red-naped, Sphyrapicus nuchalis Chipping, Spizella passerina SURFBIRD, Aphriza virgata Williamson’s, Sphyrapicus thyroideus Clay-colored, Spizella pallida SWALLOW, Bahama, Tachycineta Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius Field, Spizella pusilla cyaneoviridis SCAUP, Greater, Aythya marila Five-striped, Amphispiza Bank, Riparia riparia Lesser, Aythya affinis quinquestriata Barn, Hirundo rustica SCOPS-OWL, Oriental, Otus sunia Fox, Passerella iliaca Cave, Petrochelidon fulva SCOTER, Black, Melanitta americana Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia Cliff, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Surf, Melanitta perspicillata atricapilla Mangrove, Tachycineta albilinea White-winged, Melanitta fusca Grasshopper, Ammodramus Northern Rough-winged, SCREECH-OWL, Eastern, Megascops savannarum Stelgidopteryx serripennis asio Harris’s, Zonotrichia querula Tree, Tachycineta bicolor Puerto Rican, Megascops nudipes Henslow’s, Ammodramus henslowii Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina Western, Megascops kennicottii Lark, Chondestes grammacus SWAMPHEN, Purple, Porphyrio Whiskered, Megascops trichopsis Le Conte’s, Ammodramus leconteii porphyrio SCRUB-JAY, Florida, Aphelocoma Lincoln’s, Melospiza lincolnii SWAN, Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator coerulescens Nelson’s, Ammodramus nelsoni Tundra, Cygnus columbianus Island, Aphelocoma insularis Olive, Arremonops rufivirgatus Whooper, Cygnus cygnus Western, Aphelocoma californica Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruficeps SWIFT, Alpine, Apus melba SEA-EAGLE, Steller’s, Haliaeetus Rufous-winged, Peucaea carpalis Black, Cypseloides niger pelagicus Sage, Amphispiza belli Chimney, Chaetura pelagica SEEDEATER, White-collared, Saltmarsh, Ammodramus caudacutus Common, Apus apus Sporophila torqueola Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus SHEARWATER, Audubon’s, Puffinus Seaside, Ammodramus maritimus Short-tailed, Chaetura brachyura lherminieri Song, Melospiza melodia Vaux’s, Chaetura vauxi Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas Swamp, Melospiza georgiana White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris Buller’s, Puffinus bulleri Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis Cape Verde, Calonectris edwardsii White-crowned, Zonotrichia SWIFTLET, Mariana, Aerodramus Christmas, Puffinus nativitatis leucophrys bartschi Cory’s, Calonectris diomedea White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis White-rumped, Aerodramus Flesh-footed, Puffinus carneipes Worthen’s, Spizella wortheni spodiopygius Great, Puffinus gravis SPARROWHAWK, Japanese, Accipiter TANAGER, Flame-colored, Piranga Little, Puffinus assimilis gularis bidentata Manx, Puffinus puffinus SPINDALIS, Puerto Rican, Spindalis Hepatic, Piranga flava Pink-footed, Puffinus creatopus portoricensis Puerto Rican, Nesospingus Short-tailed, Puffinus tenuirostris Western, Spindalis zena speculiferus Sooty, Puffinus griseus SPOONBILL, Roseate, Platalea ajaja Scarlet, Piranga olivacea Streaked, Calonectris leucomelas STARLING, Chestnut-cheeked, Sturnus Summer, Piranga rubra Townsend’s, Puffinus auricularis philippensis Western, Piranga ludoviciana Wedge-tailed, Puffinus pacificus White-cheeked, Sturnus cineraceus TATTLER, Gray-tailed, Tringa brevipes SHOVELER, Northern, Anas clypeata STARTHROAT, Plain-capped, Wandering, Tringa incana SHRIKE, Brown, Lanius cristatus Heliomaster constantii TEAL, Baikal, Anas formosa Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus STILT, Black-necked, Himantopus Blue-winged, Anas discors Northern, Lanius excubitor mexicanus Cinnamon, Anas cyanoptera SILKY-FLYCATCHER, Gray, Ptilogonys Black-winged, Himantopus Green-winged, Anas crecca cinereus himantopus TERN, Aleutian, Onychoprion aleuticus SISKIN, Eurasian, Spinus spinus STINT, Little, Calidris minuta Arctic, Sterna paradisaea Pine, Spinus pinus Long-toed, Calidris subminuta Black, Chlidonias niger SKIMMER, Black, Rynchops niger Red-necked, Calidris ruficollis Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana SKUA, Great, Stercorarius skua Temminck’s, Calidris temminckii Bridled, Onychoprion anaethetus South Polar, Stercorarius STONECHAT, Saxicola torquatus Caspian, Hydroprogne caspia maccormicki STORK, Wood, Mycteria americana Common, Sterna hirundo SMEW, Mergellus albellus STORM-PETREL, Ashy, Oceanodroma Elegant, Thalasseus elegans SNIPE, Common, Gallinago gallinago homochroa Forster’s, Sterna forsteri Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro Gray-backed, Onychoprion lunatus Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura Black, Oceanodroma melania Great Crested, Thalasseus bergii Swinhoe’s, Gallinago megala Black-bellied, Fregetta tropica Gull-billed, Gelochelidon nilotica Wilson’s, Gallinago delicata Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata Large-billed, Phaetusa simplex SOLITAIRE, Townsend’s, Myadestes Leach’s, Oceanodroma leucorhoa Least, Sternula antillarum townsendi Least, Oceanodroma microsoma Little, Sternula albifrons SORA, Porzana carolina Matsudaira’s, Oceanodroma Roseate, Sterna dougallii SPARROW, American Tree, Spizella matsudairae Royal, Thalesseus maximus arborea Polynesian, Nesofregetta fuliginosa Sandwich, Thalesseus sandvicensis

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Sooty, Onychoprion fuscatus Yucatan, Vireo magister vermivorum Whiskered, Chlidonias hybrida VULTURE, Black, Coragyps atratus Yellow, Dendroica petechia White, Gygis alba Turkey, Cathartes aura Yellow-browed, Phylloscopus White-winged, Chlidonias WAGTAIL, Citrine, Motacilla citreola inornatus leucopterus Eastern Yellow, Motacilla Yellow-rumped, Dendroica coronata THRASHER, Bendire’s, Toxostoma tschutschensis Yellow-throated, Dendroica dominica bendirei Gray, Motacilla cinerea WATERTHRUSH, Louisiana, Parkesia Brown, Toxostoma rufum White, Motacilla alba motacilla California, Toxostoma redivivum WARBLER, Adelaide’s, Dendroica Northern, Parkesia noveboracensis Crissal, Toxostoma crissale adelaidae WAXWING, Bohemian, Bombycilla Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis garrulus Le Conte’s, Toxostoma lecontei Bachman’s, Vermivora bachmanii Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre Bay-breasted, Dendroica castanea WHEATEAR, Northern, Oenanthe Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia oenanthe Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus Black-throated Blue, Dendroica WHIMBREL, Numenius phaeopus THRUSH, Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola caerulescens WHIP-POOR-WILL, Eastern, Bicknell’s, Catharus bicknelli Black-throated Gray, Dendroica Caprimulgus vociferus Clay-colored, Turdus grayi nigrescens Mexican, Caprimulgus arizonae Dusky, Turdus naumanni Black-throated Green, Dendroica WHISTLING-DUCK, Black-bellied, Eyebrowed, Turdus obscurus virens Dendrocygna autumnalis Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus Blackburnian, Dendroica fusca Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor Hermit, Catharus guttatus Blackpoll, Dendroica striata West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus Blue-winged, Vermivora cyanoptera WHITETHROAT, Lesser, Sylvia curruca Swainson’s, Catharus ustulatus Canada, Wilsonia canadensis WIGEON, American, Anas americana Varied, Ixoreus naevius Cape May, Dendroica tigrina Eurasian, Anas penelope White-throated, Turdus assimilis Cerulean, Dendroica cerulea WILLET, Tringa semipalmata Wood, Hylocichla mustelina Chestnut-sided, Dendroica WOOD-PEWEE, Eastern, Contopus TITMOUSE, Black-crested, Baeolophus pensylvanica virens atricristatus Colima, Oreothlypis crissalis Western, Contopus sordidulus Bridled, Baeolophus wollweberi Connecticut, Oporornis agilis WOODCOCK, American, Scolopax Juniper, Baeolophus ridgwayi Crescent-chested, Oreothlypis minor Oak, Baeolophus inornatus superciliosa Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola Tufted, Baeolophus bicolor Dusky, Phylloscopus fuscatus WOODPECKER, Acorn, Melanerpes TITYRA, Masked, Tityra semifasciata Elfin-woods, Dendroica angelae formicivorus TOWHEE, Abert’s, Melozone aberti Fan-tailed, Euthlypis lachrymosa American Three-toed, Picoides California, Melozone crissalis Golden-cheeked, Dendroica dorsalis Canyon, Melozone fusca chrysoparia Arizona, Picoides arizonae Eastern, Pipilo erythrophthalmus Golden-crowned, Basileuterus Black-backed, Picoides arcticus Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus culicivorus Downy, Picoides pubescens Spotted, Pipilo maculatus Golden-winged, Vermivora Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis TROGON, Elegant, Trogon elegans chrysoptera Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons TROPICBIRD, Red-billed, Phaethon Grace’s, Dendroica graciae Great Spotted, Dendrocopos major aethereus Hermit, Dendroica occidentalis Hairy, Picoides villosus Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda Hooded, Wilsonia citrina Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus Kentucky, Oporornis formosus Ladder-backed, Picoides scalaris TURNSTONE, Black, Arenaria Kirtland’s, Dendroica kirtlandii Lewis’s, Melanerpes lewis melanocephala Lanceolated, Locustella lanceolata Nuttall’s, Picoides nuttallii Ruddy, Arenaria interpres Lucy’s, Oreothlypis luciae Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus TURTLE-DOVE, Oriental, Streptopelia MacGillivray’s, Oporornis tolmiei Puerto Rican, Melanerpes orientalis Magnolia, Dendroica magnolia portoricensis VEERY, Catharus fuscescens Mourning, Oporornis philadelphia Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus VERDIN, Auriparus flaviceps Nashville, Oreothlypis ruficapilla Red-cockaded, Picoides borealis VIOLETEAR, Green, Colibri thalassinus Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus Red-headed, Melanerpes VIREO, Bell’s, Vireo bellii Orange-crowned, Oreothlypis celata erythrocephalus Black-capped, Vireo atricapillus Palm, Dendroica palmarum White-headed, Picoides albolarvatus Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus Pine, Dendroica pinus WOODSTAR, Bahama, Calliphlox Blue-headed, Vireo solitarius Prairie, Dendroica discolor evelynae Cassin’s, Vireo cassinii Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea WREN, Bewick’s Thryomanes bewickii Gray, Vireo vicinior Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons Cactus, Campylorhynchus Hutton’s, Vireo huttoni Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons brunneicapillus Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus Sedge, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus Plumbeous, Vireo plumbeus Swainson’s, Limnothlypis swainsonii Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri Tennessee, Oreothlypis peregrina House, Troglodytes aedon Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus Townsend’s, Dendroica townsendi Marsh, Cistothorus palustris Thick-billed, Vireo crassirostris Virginia’s, Oreothlypis virginiae Pacific, Troglodytes pacificus Warbling, Vireo gilvus Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus White-eyed, Vireo griseus Wilson’s, Wilsonia pusilla Sedge, Cistothorus platensis Yellow-green, Vireo flavoviridis Wood, Phylloscopus sibilatrix Sinaloa, Thryothorus sinaloa Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons Worm-eating, Helmitheros Winter, Troglodytes hiemalis

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WRENTIT, Chamaea fasciata Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal Albatross WRYNECK, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla Aythya valisineria, Canvasback Phoebastria albatrus, Short-tailed YELLOWLEGS, Greater, Tringa Aythya americana, Redhead Albatross melanoleuca Aythya ferina, Common Pochard Family PROCELLARIIDAE Lesser, Tringa flavipes Aythya baeri, Baer’s Pochard Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar YELLOWTHROAT, Common, Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck Pterodroma macroptera, Great-winged Geothlypis trichas Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck Petrel Gray-crowned, Geothlypis Aythya marila, Greater Scaup Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel poliocephala Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup Pterodroma arminjoniana, Herald (2) Taxonomic listing. Species are Polysticta stelleri, Steller’s Eider Petrel listed in phylogenetic sequence by Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider Pterodroma ultima, Murphy’s Petrel scientific name, with the common Somateria spectabilis, King Eider Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled (English) name following the Somateria mollissima, Common Eider Petrel scientific name. To help clarify Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Pterodroma cahow, Bermuda Petrel species relationships, we also list Duck Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped the higher-level taxonomic Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter Petrel categories of Order, Family, and Melanitta fusca, White-winged Scoter Pterodroma externa, Juan Fernandez Subfamily. Melanitta americana, Black Scoter Petrel Order ANSERIFORMES Clangula hyemalis, Long-tailed Duck Pterodroma sandwichensis, Hawaiian Family ANATIDAE Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead Petrel Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE Bucephala clangula, Common Pterodroma cervicalis, White-necked Dendrocygna autumnalis, Black- Goldeneye Petrel bellied Whistling-Duck Bucephala islandica, Barrow’s Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Goldeneye Pterodroma nigripennis, Black- Whistling-Duck Mergellus albellus, Smew winged Petrel Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Pterodroma cookii, Cook’s Petrel Whistling-Duck Merganser Pterodroma longirostris, Stejneger’s Subfamily ANSERINAE Mergus merganser, Common Petrel Anser fabalis, Taiga Bean-Goose Merganser Pterodroma alba, Phoenix Petrel Anser serrirostris, Tundra Bean-Goose Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Pterodroma leucoptera, Gould’s Petrel Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted Merganser Pterodroma rostrata, Tahiti Petrel Goose Nomonyx dominicus, Masked Duck Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer’s Petrel Anser erythropus, Lesser White- Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck Bulweria fallax, Jouanin’s Petrel fronted Goose Order GAVIIFORMES Procellaria parkinsoni, Parkinson’s Chen canagica, Emperor Goose Family GAVIIDAE Petrel Chen caerulescens, Snow Goose Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon Calonectris leucomelas, Streaked Chen rossii, Ross’s Goose Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon Shearwater Branta bernicla, Brant Gavia pacifica, Pacific Loon Calonectris diomedea, Cory’s Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose Gavia immer, Common Loon Shearwater Branta canadensis, Canada Goose Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde (including Branta hutchinsii, Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Shearwater Cackling Goose) Family PODICIPEDIDAE Puffinus creatopus, Pink-footed Branta sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe Shearwater Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Puffinus carneipes, Flesh-footed Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan Grebe Shearwater Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe Puffinus gravis, Great Shearwater Subfamily ANATINAE Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe Puffinus pacificus, Wedge-tailed Cairina moschata, Muscovy Duck Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe Shearwater Aix sponsa, Wood Duck Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Puffinus bulleri, Buller’s Shearwater Anas strepera, Gadwall Grebe Puffinus griseus, Sooty Shearwater Anas falcata, Falcated Duck Aechmophorus clarkii, Clark’s Grebe Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Anas penelope, Eurasian Wigeon Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Shearwater Anas americana, American Wigeon Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Anas rubripes, American Black Duck Phoenicopterus ruber, American Shearwater Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard Flamingo Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Puffinus auricularis, Townsend’s Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck Family DIOMEDEIDAE Shearwater Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck Thalassarche chlororhynchos, Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Anas zonorhyncha, Eastern Spot- Yellow-nosed Albatross Shearwater billed Duck Thalassarche cauta, Shy Albatross Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon’s Anas superciliosa, Pacific Black Duck Thalassarche melanophris, Black- Shearwater Anas discors, Blue-winged Teal browed Albatross Puffinus assimilis, Little Shearwater Anas cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal Phoebetria palpebrata, Light-mantled Family HYDROBATIDAE Anas clypeata, Northern Shoveler Albatross Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson’s Storm- Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Diomedea exulans, Wandering Petrel Pintail Albatross Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Anas acuta, Northern Pintail Phoebastria immutabilis, Laysan Storm-Petrel Anas querquedula, Garganey Albatross Fregetta tropica, Black-bellied Storm- Anas formosa, Baikal Teal Phoebastria nigripes, Black-footed Petrel

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Fregetta grallaria, White-bellied White Pelican Accipiter gularis, Japanese Storm-Petrel Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Sparrowhawk Nesofregetta fuliginosa, Polynesian Pelican Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Storm-Petrel Family ARDEIDAE Hawk Oceanodroma furcata, Fork-tailed Botaurus lentiginosus, American Accipiter cooperii, Cooper’s Hawk Storm-Petrel Bittern Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk Oceanodroma hornbyi, Ringed Storm- Ixobrychus sinensis, Yellow Bittern Geranospiza caerulescens, Crane Petrel Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern Hawk Oceanodroma monorhis, Swinhoe’s Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenck’s Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Storm-Petrel Bittern Black-Hawk Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Leach’s Ixobrychus flavicollis, Black Bittern Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris’s Hawk Storm-Petrel Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron Buteo magnirostris, Roadside Hawk Oceanodroma homochroa, Ashy Ardea cinerea, Gray Heron Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk Storm-Petrel Ardea alba, Great Egret Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Oceanodroma castro, Band-rumped Mesophoyx intermedia, Intermediate Hawk Storm-Petrel Egret Buteo nitidus, Gray Hawk Oceanodroma tethys, Wedge-rumped Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk Storm-Petrel Egretta garzetta, Little Egret Buteo swainsoni, Swainson’s Hawk Oceanodroma matsudairae, Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef-Egret Buteo albicaudatus, White-tailed Matsudaira’s Storm-Petrel Egretta gularis, Western Reef-Heron Hawk Oceanodroma melania, Black Storm- Egretta thula, Snowy Egret Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk Petrel Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk Oceanodroma tristrami, Tristram’s Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk Storm-Petrel Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk Oceanodroma microsoma, Least Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk Storm-Petrel Ardeola bacchus, Chinese Pond- Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle Order PHAETHONTIFORMES Heron Order FALCONIFORMES Family PHAETHONTIDAE Butorides virescens, Green Heron Family FALCONIDAE Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned Subfamily MICRASTURINAE Tropicbird Night-Heron Micrastur semitorquatus, Collared Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Nyctanassa violacea, Yellow-crowned Forest-Falcon Tropicbird Night-Heron Subfamily CARACARINAE Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Gorsachius goisagi, Japanese Night- Caracara cheriway, Crested Caracara Tropicbird Heron Subfamily FALCONINAE Order CICONIIFORMES Gorsachius melanolophus, Malayan Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel Family CICONIIDAE Night-Heron Falco sparverius, American Kestrel Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Falco vespertinus, Red-footed Falcon Mycteria americana, Wood Stork Subfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE Falco columbarius, Merlin Order SULIFORMES Eudocimus albus, White Ibis Falco subbuteo, Eurasian Hobby Family FREGATIDAE Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon Fregata magnificens, Magnificent Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon Frigatebird Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird Subfamily PLATALEINAE Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird Platalea ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill Order GRUIFORMES Family SULIDAE Order ACCIPITRIFORMES Family RALLIDAE Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby Family CATHARTIDAE Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture Rail Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail Sula sula, Red-footed Booby Gymnogyps californianus, California Gallirallus philippensis, Buff-banded Morus bassanus, Northern Gannet Condor Rail Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Family PANDIONIDAE Gallirallus owstoni, Guam Rail Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt’s Pandion haliaetus, Osprey Crex crex, Corn Crake Cormorant Family ACCIPITRIDAE Rallus longirostris, Clapper Rail Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Neotropic Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook- Rallus elegans, King Rail Cormorant billed Kite Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Elanoides forficatus, Swallow-tailed Porzana carolina, Sora Cormorant Kite Porzana tabuensis, Spotless Crake Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant Elanus leucurus, White-tailed Kite Porzana flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite Crake Cormorant Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Neocrex erythrops, Paint-billed Crake Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Kite Pardirallus maculatus, Spotted Rail Cormorant Milvus migrans, Black Kite Porphyrio porphyrio, Purple Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Little Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle Swamphen Pied Cormorant Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Porphyrio martinica, Purple Gallinule Family ANHINGIDAE Eagle Porphyrio flavirostris, Azure Gallinule Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller’s Sea- Gallinula chloropus, Common Order PELECANIFORMES Eagle Moorhen Family PELECANIDAE Circus cyaneus, Northern Harrier Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American Accipiter soloensis, Gray Frog-Hawk Fulica alai, Hawaiian Coot

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Fulica americana, American Coot Tringa nebularia, Common Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Fulica caribaea, Caribbean Coot Greenshank Woodcock Family ARAMIDAE Tringa guttifer, Nordmann’s Scolopax minor, American Woodcock Aramus guarauna, Limpkin Greenshank Subfamily PHALAROPODINAE Family GRUIDAE Tringa semipalmata, Willet Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson’s Grus canadensis, Sandhill Crane Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs Phalarope Grus grus, Common Crane Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Grus americana, Whooping Crane Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper Phalarope Order CHARADRIIFORMES Bartramia longicauda, Upland Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope Family CHARADRIIDAE Sandpiper Family LARIDAE Subfamily VANELLINAE Numenius minutus, Little Curlew Subfamily LARINAE Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew Creagrus furcatus, Swallow-tailed Subfamily CHARADRIINAE Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel Gull Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Plover Curlew Kittiwake Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden- Numenius madagascariensis, Far Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Plover Eastern Curlew Kittiwake Pluvialis dominica, American Golden- Numenius arquata, Eurasian Curlew Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull Plover Numenius americanus, Long-billed Xema sabini, Sabine’s Gull Pluvialis fulva, Pacific Golden-Plover Curlew Chroicocephalus philadelphia, Charadrius mongolus, Lesser Sand- Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit Bonaparte’s Gull Plover Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus, Gray- Charadrius leschenaultii, Greater Godwit hooded Gull Sand-Plover Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Black- Charadrius collaris, Collared Plover Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit headed Gull Charadrius alexandrinus, Snowy Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone Hydrocoloeus minutus, Little Gull Plover Arenaria melanocephala, Black Rhodostethia rosea, Ross’s Gull Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson’s Plover Turnstone Leucophaeus atricilla, Laughing Gull Charadrius hiaticula, Common Aphriza virgata, Surfbird Leucophaeus pipixcan, Franklin’s Ringed Plover Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot Gull Charadrius semipalmatus, Calidris canutus, Red Knot Larus belcheri, Belcher’s Gull Semipalmated Plover Calidris alba, Sanderling Larus crassirostris, Black-tailed Gull Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Larus heermanni, Heermann’s Gull Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Sandpiper Larus canus, Mew Gull Plover Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer Calidris ruficollis, Red-necked Stint Larus occidentalis, Western Gull Charadrius montanus, Mountain Calidris minuta, Little Stint Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull Plover Calidris temminckii, Temminck’s Larus californicus, California Gull Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Stint Larus argentatus, Herring Gull Dotterel Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged Gull Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper Larus thayeri, Thayer’s Gull Haematopus ostralegus, Eurasian Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull Oystercatcher Sandpiper Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Haematopus palliatus, American Calidris bairdii, Baird’s Sandpiper Gull Oystercatcher Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull Haematopus bachmani, Black Sandpiper Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Oystercatcher Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Gull Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Sandpiper Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull Himantopus himantopus, Black- Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper Larus marinus, Great Black-backed winged Stilt Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper Gull Himantopus mexicanus, Black- Calidris alpina, Dunlin Larus dominicanus, Kelp Gull necked Stilt Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper Subfamily STERNINAE Recurvirostra americana, American Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy Avocet Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, Spoon- Anous minutus, Black Noddy Family JACANIDAE billed Sandpiper Procelsterna cerulea, Blue-gray Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana Limicola falcinellus, Broad-billed Noddy Family SCOLOPACIDAE Sandpiper Gygis alba, White Tern Subfamily SCOLOPACINAE Tryngites subruficollis, Buff-breasted Onychoprion fuscatus, Sooty Tern Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper Sandpiper Onychoprion lunatus, Gray-backed Actitis hypoleucos, Common Philomachus pugnax, Ruff Tern Sandpiper Limnodromus griseus, Short-billed Onychoprion anaethetus, Bridled Actitis macularius, Spotted Sandpiper Dowitcher Tern Tringa ochropus, Green Sandpiper Limnodromus scolopaceus, Long- Onychoprion aleuticus, Aleutian Tern Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper billed Dowitcher Sternula albifrons, Little Tern Tringa brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe Sternula antillarum, Least Tern Tringa incana, Wandering Tattler Gallinago delicata, Wilson’s Snipe Phaetusa simplex, Large-billed Tern Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe Gelochelidon nilotica, Gull-billed Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe Tern Yellowlegs Gallinago megala, Swinhoe’s Snipe Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian Tern

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Chlidonias niger, Black Tern Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl Chlidonias leucopterus, White- Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl winged Tern Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove Ciccaba virgata, Mottled Owl Chlidonias hybridus, Whiskered Tern Columbina inca, Inca Dove Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern Columbina passerina, Common Strix varia, Barred Owl Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern Ground-Dove Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl Sterna hirundo, Common Tern Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground- Asio otus, Long-eared Owl Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern Dove Asio stygius, Stygian Owl Sterna forsteri, Forster’s Tern Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl Thalasseus maximus, Royal Tern Dove Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl Thalasseus bergii, Great Crested Tern Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail- Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw- Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich Dove whet Owl Tern Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail- Ninox scutulata, Brown Hawk-Owl Thalasseus elegans, Elegant Tern Dove Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Subfamily RYNCHOPINAE Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail- Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer Dove Subfamily CHORDEILINAE Family STERCORARIIDAE Gallicolumba xanthonura, White- Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Stercorarius skua, Great Skua throated Ground-Dove Nighthawk Stercorarius maccormicki, South Gallicolumba stairi, Friendly Ground- Chordeiles minor, Common Polar Skua Dove Nighthawk Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Ptilinopus perousii, Many-colored Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Jaeger Fruit-Dove Nighthawk Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Crimson- Subfamily CAPRIMULGINAE Jaeger crowned Fruit-Dove Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Ptilinopus roseicapilla, Mariana Fruit- Pauraque Jaeger Dove Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Family ALCIDAE Ducula pacifica, Pacific Imperial- Poorwill Alle alle, Dovekie Pigeon Caprimulgus carolinensis, Chuck- Uria aalge, Common Murre Order CUCULIFORMES will’s-widow Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre Family CUCULIDAE Caprimulgus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Alca torda, Razorbill Subfamily CUCULINAE Nightjar Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot Cuculus fugax, Hodgson’s Hawk- Caprimulgus vociferus, Eastern Whip- Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot Cuckoo poor-will Brachyramphus perdix, Long-billed Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo Caprimulgus arizonae, Mexican Murrelet Cuculus optatus, Oriental Cuckoo Whip-poor-will Brachyramphus marmoratus, Marbled Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Caprimulgus noctitherus, Puerto Murrelet Cuckoo Rican Nightjar Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz’s Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo Caprimulgus indicus, Gray Nightjar Murrelet Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Black- Order APODIFORMES Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, billed Cuckoo Family APODIDAE Xantus’s Murrelet Coccyzus vieilloti, Puerto Rican Subfamily CYPSELOIDINAE Synthliboramphus craveri, Craveri’s Lizard-Cuckoo Cypseloides niger, Black Swift Murrelet Subfamily NEOMORPHINAE Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Synthliboramphus antiquus, Ancient Geococcyx californianus, Greater Swift Murrelet Roadrunner Subfamily CHAETURINAE Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin’s Subfamily CROTOPHAGINAE Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift Auklet Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani Chaetura vauxi, Vaux’s Swift Aethia psittacula, Parakeet Auklet Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Chaetura brachyura, Short-tailed Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet Ani Swift Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet Order STRIGIFORMES Hirundapus caudacutus, White- Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet Family TYTONIDAE throated Needletail Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Tyto alba, Barn Owl Aerodramus spodiopygius, White- Auklet Family STRIGIDAE rumped Swiftlet Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin Otus flammeolus, Flammulated Owl Aerodramus bartschi, Mariana Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin Otus sunia, Oriental Scops-Owl Swiftlet Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin Megascops kennicottii, Western Subfamily APODINAE Order COLUMBIFORMES Screech-Owl Apus apus, Common Swift Family COLUMBIDAE Megascops asio, Eastern Screech-Owl Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift Patagioenas squamosa, Scaly-naped Megascops trichopsis, Whiskered Apus melba, Alpine Swift Pigeon Screech-Owl Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Patagioenas leucocephala, White- Megascops nudipes, Puerto Rican Swift crowned Pigeon Screech-Owl Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Patagioenas flavirostris, Red-billed Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl Palm-Swift Pigeon Bubo scandiacus, Snowy Owl Family TROCHILIDAE Patagioenas inornata, Plain Pigeon Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk Owl Subfamily TROCHILINAE Patagioenas fasciata, Band-tailed Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy- Colibri thalassinus, Green Violetear Pigeon Owl Anthracothorax prevostii, Green- Streptopelia orientalis, Oriental Glaucidium brasilianum, Ferruginous breasted Mango Turtle-Dove Pygmy-Owl Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean

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Mango Chloroceryle americana, Green Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango Kingfisher Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood- Eulampis jugularis, Purple-throated Order PICIFORMES Pewee Carib Family PICIDAE Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee Eulampis holosericeus, Green- Subfamily JYNGINAE Contopus caribaeus, Cuban Pewee throated Carib Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck Contopus hispaniolensis, Hispaniolan Orthorhyncus cristatus, Antillean Subfamily PICINAE Pewee Crested Hummingbird Melanerpes lewis, Lewis’s Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Woodpecker Pewee Emerald Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow- Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Rican Woodpecker bellied Flycatcher Hummingbird Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red- Empidonax virescens, Acadian Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared headed Woodpecker Flycatcher Hummingbird Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Empidonax alnorum, Alder Hylocharis xantusii, Xantus’s Woodpecker Flycatcher Hummingbird Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Woodpecker Empidonax minimus, Least Hummingbird Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Flycatcher Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Woodpecker Empidonax hammondii, Hammond’s Hummingbird Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Flycatcher Amazilia rutila, Cinnamon Woodpecker Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher Hummingbird Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson’s Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Sapsucker Flycatcher Hummingbird Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Empidonax difficilis, Pacific-slope Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Sapsucker Flycatcher Hummingbird Sphyrapicus nuchalis, Red-naped Empidonax occidentalis, Cordilleran Eugenes fulgens, Magnificent Sapsucker Flycatcher Hummingbird Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Empidonax fulvifrons, Buff-breasted Heliomaster constantii, Plain-capped Sapsucker Flycatcher Starthroat Dendrocopos major, Great Spotted Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe Calliphlox evelynae, Bahama Woodpecker Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe Woodstar Picoides scalaris, Ladder-backed Sayornis saya, Say’s Phoebe Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Woodpecker Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Hummingbird Picoides nuttallii, Nuttall’s Flycatcher Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Woodpecker Subfamily TYRANNINAE Hummingbird Picoides pubescens, Downy Myiarchus tuberculifer, Dusky-capped Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Woodpecker Flycatcher Hummingbird Picoides villosus, Hairy Woodpecker Myiarchus cinerascens, Ash-throated Calypte anna, Anna’s Hummingbird Picoides arizonae, Arizona Flycatcher Calypte costae, Costa’s Hummingbird Woodpecker Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting’s Stellula calliope, Calliope Picoides borealis, Red-cockaded Flycatcher Hummingbird Woodpecker Myiarchus crinitus, Great Crested Atthis heloisa, Bumblebee Picoides albolarvatus, White-headed Flycatcher Hummingbird Woodpecker Myiarchus tyrannulus, Brown-crested Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Picoides dorsalis, American Three- Flycatcher Hummingbird toed Woodpecker Myiarchus sagrae, La Sagra’s Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Flycatcher Hummingbird Woodpecker Myiarchus antillarum, Puerto Rican Selasphorus sasin, Allen’s Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker Flycatcher Hummingbird Colaptes chrysoides, Gilded Flicker Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee Order TROGONIFORMES Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Myiozetetes similis, Social Flycatcher Family TROGONIDAE Woodpecker Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulphur- Subfamily TROGONINAE Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed bellied Flycatcher Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon Woodpecker Legatus leucophalus, Piratic Euptilotis neoxenus, Eared Quetzel Order PASSERIFORMES Flycatcher Order UPUPIFORMES Family TYRANNIDAE Empidonomus varius, Variegated Family UPUPIDAE Subfamily ELAENIINAE Flycatcher Upupa epops, Eurasian Hoopoe Camptostoma imberbe, Northern Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus, Order CORACIIFORMES Beardless-Tyrannulet Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Family ALCEDINIDAE Myiopagis viridicata, Greenish Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Subfamily HALCYONINAE Elaenia Kingbird Todirhamphus cinnamominus, Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia Tyrannus couchii, Couch’s Kingbird Micronesian Kingfisher Elaenia albiceps, White-crested Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin’s Todirhamphus chloris, Collared Eleania Kingbird Kingfisher Subfamily FLUVICOLINAE Tyrannus crassirostris, Thick-billed Subfamily CERYLINAE Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Tufted Kingbird Megaceryle torquata, Ringed Flycatcher Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird Kingfisher Contopus cooperi, Olive-sided Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird Megaceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher Flycatcher Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray

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Kingbird Alauda arvensis, Sky Lark Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Loggerhead Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark Wren Kingbird Family HIRUNDINIDAE Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick’s Wren Tyrannus forficatus, Scissor-tailed Subfamily HIRUNDININAE Troglodytes aedon, House Wren Flycatcher Progne subis, Purple Martin Troglodytes pacificus, Pacific Wren Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren Flycatcher Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren Pachyramphus aglaiae, Rose-throated Martin Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren Becard Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Family POLIOPTILIDAE Tityra semifasciata, Masked Tityra Martin Polioptila caerulea, Blue-gray Family LANIIDAE Progne elegans, Southern Martin Gnatcatcher Lanius cristatus, Brown Shrike Progne tapera, Brown-chested Martin Polioptila californica, California Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow Gnatcatcher Shrike Tachycineta albilinea, Mangrove Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Lanius excubitor, Northern Shrike Swallow Gnatcatcher Family VIREONIDAE Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Polioptila nigriceps, Black-capped Vireo griseus, White-eyed Vireo Swallow Gnatcatcher Vireo crassirostris, Thick-billed Vireo Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Family CINCLIDAE Vireo latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo Swallow Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper Vireo bellii, Bell’s Vireo Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Family REGULIDAE Vireo atricapillus, Black-capped Vireo Rough-winged Swallow Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Vireo vicinior, Gray Vireo Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow Kinglet Vireo flavifrons, Yellow-throated Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Cliff Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Vireo Swallow Kinglet Vireo plumbeus, Plumbeous Vireo Petrochelidon fulva, Cave Swallow Family PHYLLOSCOPIDAE Vireo cassinii, Cassin’s Vireo Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Vireo solitarius, Blue-headed Vireo Delichon urbicum, Common House- Warbler Vireo huttoni, Hutton’s Vireo Martin Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood Vireo gilvus, Warbling Vireo Family PARIDAE Warbler Vireo philadelphicus, Philadelphia Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Phylloscopus fuscatus, Dusky Warbler Vireo Chickadee Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas’s Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo Poecile atricapillus, Black-capped Leaf-Warbler Vireo flavoviridis, Yellow-green Vireo Chickadee Phylloscopus inornatus, Yellow- Vireo altiloquus, Black-whiskered Poecile gambeli, Mountain Chickadee browed Warbler Vireo Poecile sclateri, Mexican Chickadee Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler Vireo magister, Yucatan Vireo Poecile rufescens, Chestnut-backed Family SYLVIIDAE Family CORVIDAE Chickadee Sylvia curruca, Lesser Whitethroat Perisoreus canadensis, Gray Jay Poecile hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee Chamaea fasciata, Wrentit Psilorhinus morio, Brown Jay Poecile cinctus, Gray-headed Family ACROCEPHALIDAE Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay Chickadee Acrocephalus luscinia, Nightingale Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Baeolophus wollweberi, Bridled Reed-Warbler Jay Titmouse Acrocephalus familiaris, Millerbird Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller’s Jay Baeolophus inornatus, Oak Titmouse Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay Baeolophus ridgwayi, Juniper Warbler Aphelocoma coerulescens, Florida Titmouse Family MEGALURIDAE Scrub-Jay Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff’s Aphelocoma insularis, Island Scrub- Baeolophus atricristatus, Black- Grasshopper-Warbler Jay crested Titmouse Locustella lanceolata, Lanceolated Aphelocoma californica, Western Family REMIZIDAE Warbler Scrub-Jay Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin Family MUSCICAPIDAE Aphelocoma ultramarina, Mexican Family AEGITHALIDAE Ficedula narcissina, Narcissus Jay Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit Flycatcher Nucifraga columbiana, Clark’s Family SITTIDAE Ficedula mugimaki, Mugimaki Nutcracker Subfamily SITTINAE Flycatcher Pica hudsonia, Black-billed Magpie Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Ficedula albicilla, Taiga Flycatcher Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie Nuthatch Muscicapa sibirica, Dark-sided Corvus kubaryi, Mariana Crow Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Flycatcher Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Nuthatch Muscicapa griseisticta, Gray-streaked Crow Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch Flycatcher Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch Muscicapa dauurica, Asian Brown Corvus leucognaphalus, White- Family CERTHIIDAE Flycatcher necked Crow Subfamily CERTHIINAE Muscicapa striata, Spotted Flycatcher Corvus imparatus, Tamaulipas Crow Certhia americana, Brown Creeper Family TURDIDAE Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow Family TROGLODYTIDAE Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock- Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Thrush Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Cactus Wren Luscinia sibilans, Rufous-tailed Robin Raven Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren Luscinia calliope, Siberian Rubythroat Corvus corax, Common Raven Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren Luscinia svecica, Bluethroat Family ALAUDIDAE Thryothorus sinaloa, Sinaloa Wren Luscinia cyane, Siberian Blue Robin

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Tarsiger cyanurus, Red-flanked Family PRUNELLIDAE Dendroica nigrescens, Black-throated Bluetail Prunella montanella, Siberian Gray Warbler Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Accentor Dendroica chrysoparia, Golden- Wheatear Family MOTACILLIDAE cheeked Warbler Saxicola torquatus, Stonechat Motacilla tschutschensis, Eastern Dendroica virens, Black-throated Sialia sialis, Eastern Bluebird Yellow Wagtail Green Warbler Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird Motacilla citreola, Citrine Wagtail Dendroica townsendi, Townsend’s Sialia currucoides, Mountain Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail Warbler Bluebird Motacilla alba, White Wagtail Dendroica occidentalis, Hermit Myadestes townsendi, Townsend’s Anthus trivialis, Tree Pipit Warbler Solitaire Anthus hodgsoni, Olive-backed Pipit Dendroica fusca, Blackburnian Myadestes myadestinus, Kamao Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit Warbler Myadestes lanaiensis, Olomao Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit Dendroica dominica, Yellow-throated Myadestes obscurus, Omao Anthus rubescens, American Pipit Warbler Myadestes palmeri, Puaiohi Anthus spragueii, Sprague’s Pipit Dendroica graciae, Grace’s Warbler Catharus aurantiirostris, Orange- Family BOMBYCILLIDAE Dendroica adelaidae, Adelaide’s billed Nightingale-Thrush Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Warbler Catharus mexicanus, Black-headed Waxwing Dendroica pinus, Pine Warbler Nightingale-Thrush Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Dendroica kirtlandii, Kirtland’s Catharus fuscescens, Veery Waxwing Warbler Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Family PTILOGONATIDAE Dendroica discolor, Prairie Warbler Thrush Ptilogonys cinereus, Gray Silky- Dendroica palmarum, Palm Warbler Catharus bicknelli, Bicknell’s Thrush flycatcher Dendroica castanea, Bay-breasted Catharus ustulatus, Swainson’s Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla Warbler Thrush Family PEUCEDRAMIDAE Dendroica striata, Blackpoll Warbler Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Dendroica cerulea, Cerulean Warbler Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush Warbler Dendroica angelae, Elfin-woods Turdus obscurus, Eyebrowed Thrush Family CALCARIIDAE Warbler Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Mniotilta varia, Black-and-white Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare Longspur Warbler Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Thrush Calcarius ornatus, Chestnut-collared Setophaga ruticilla, American Turdus assimilis, White-throated Longspur Redstart Thrush Calcarius pictus, Smith’s Longspur Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Rhynchophanes mccownii, McCown’s Warbler Robin Longspur Helmitheros vermivorum, Worm- Turdus migratorius, American Robin Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting eating Warbler Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay’s Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson’s Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush Bunting Warbler Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush Family PARULIDAE Seiurus aurocapilla, Ovenbird Family MIMIDAE Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman’s Parkesia noveboracensis, Northern Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird Warbler Waterthrush Melanoptila glabrirostris, Black Vermivora cyanoptera, Blue-winged Parkesia motacilla, Louisiana Catbird Warbler Waterthrush Mimus polyglottos, Northern Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden- Oporornis formosus, Kentucky Mockingbird winged Warbler Warbler Mimus gundlachii, Bahama Oreothlypis peregrina, Tennessee Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler Mockingbird Warbler Oporornis philadelphia, Mourning Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher Oreothlypis celata, Orange-crowned Warbler Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher Warbler Oporornis tolmiei, MacGillivray’s Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Oreothlypis ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler Thrasher Warbler Geothlypis trichas, Common Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire’s Oreothlypis virginiae, Virginia’s Yellowthroat Thrasher Warbler Geothlypis poliocephala, Gray- Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Oreothlypis crissalis, Colima Warbler crowned Yellowthroat Thrasher Oreothlypis luciae, Lucy’s Warbler Wilsonia citrina, Hooded Warbler Toxostoma redivivum, California Oreothlypis superciliosa, Crescent- Wilsonia pusilla, Wilson’s Warbler Thrasher chested Warbler Wilsonia canadensis, Canada Warbler Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher Parula americana, Northern Parula Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Toxostoma lecontei, Le Conte’s Parula pitiayumi, Tropical Parula Warbler Thrasher Dendroica petechia, Yellow Warbler Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart Melanotis caerulescens, Blue Dendroica pensylvanica, Chestnut- Myioborus miniatus, Slate-throated Mockingbird sided Warbler Redstart Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Dendroica magnolia, Magnolia Euthlypis lachrymosa, Fan-tailed Thrasher Warbler Warbler Family STURNIDAE Dendroica tigrina, Cape May Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden- Sturnus philippensis, Chestnut- Dendroica caerulescens, Black- crowned Warbler cheeked Starling throated Blue Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Sturnus cineraceus, White-cheeked Dendroica coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler Starling Warbler Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat

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Family THRAUPIDAE Sparrow Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Nesospingus speculiferus, Puerto Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow Grackle Rican Tanager Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Spindalis zena, Western Spindalis Sparrow Grackle Spindalis portoricensis, Puerto Rican Zonotrichia querula, Harris’s Sparrow Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Spindalis Zonotrichia leucophrys, White- Cowbird Family EMBERIZIDAE crowned Sparrow Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird Sporophila torqueola, White-collared Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden- Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Seedeater crowned Sparrow Cowbird Tiaris olivaceus, Yellow-faced Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco Icterus portoricensis, Puerto Rican Grassquit Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco Oriole Tiaris bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit Emberiza leucocephalos, Pine Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole Loxigilla portoricensis, Puerto Rican Bunting Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole Bullfinch Emberiza chrysophrys, Yellow- Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive browed Bunting Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Sparrow Emberiza pusilla, Little Bunting Oriole Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting Icterus bullockii, Bullock’s Oriole Pipilo maculatus, Spotted Towhee Emberiza elegans, Yellow-throated Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Bunting Icterus graduacauda, Audubon’s Towhee Emberiza aureola, Yellow-breasted Oriole Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Bunting Icterus galbula, Baltimore Oriole Sparrow Emberiza variabilis, Gray Bunting Icterus parisorum, Scott’s Oriole Melozone fusca, Canyon Towhee Emberiza pallasi, Pallas’s Bunting Family FRINGILLIDAE Melozone crissalis, California Towhee Emberiza schoeniclus, Reed Bunting Subfamily FRINGILLINAE Melozone aberti, Abert’s Towhee Family CARDINALIDAE Fringilla coelebs, Common Chaffinch Peucaea carpalis, Rufous-winged Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling Sparrow Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager Subfamily EUPHONIINAE Peucaea botterii, Botteri’s Sparrow Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia Peucaea cassinii, Cassin’s Sparrow Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager Subfamily CARDUELINAE Peucaea aestivalis, Bachman’s Piranga bidentata, Flame-colored Leucosticte tephrocotis, Gray-crowned Sparrow Tanager Rosy-Finch Spizella arborea, American Tree Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson- Leucosticte atrata, Black Rosy-Finch Sparrow collared Grosbeak Leucosticte australis, Brown-capped Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow Cardinalis cardinalis, Northern Rosy-Finch Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Cardinal Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak Sparrow Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Spizella breweri, Brewer’s Sparrow Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Rosefinch Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow Grosbeak Carpodacus purpureus, Purple Finch Spizella wortheni, Worthen’s Sparrow Pheucticus ludovicianus, Rose- Carpodacus cassinii, Cassin’s Finch Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned breasted Grosbeak Carpodacus mexicanus, House Finch Sparrow Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black- Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow headed Grosbeak Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow Cyanocompsa parellina, Blue Bunting Crossbill Amphispiza quinquestriata, Five- Passerina caerulea, Blue Grosbeak Acanthis flammea, Common Redpoll striped Sparrow Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting Acanthis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting Spinus spinus, Eurasian Siskin Sparrow Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting Spinus pinus, Pine Siskin Amphispiza belli, Sage Sparrow Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting Spinus psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Spiza americana, Dickcissel Spinus lawrencei, Lawrence’s Bunting Family ICTERIDAE Goldfinch Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch Sparrow Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Chloris sinica, Oriental Greenfinch Ammodramus savannarum, Blackbird Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch Grasshopper Sparrow Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Ammodramus bairdii, Baird’s Blackbird Grosbeak Sparrow Agelaius humeralis, Tawny- Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Ammodramus henslowii, Henslow’s shouldered Blackbird Hawfinch Sparrow Agelaius xanthomus, Yellow- Subfamily DREPANIDINAE Ammodramus leconteii, Le Conte’s shouldered Blackbird Telespiza cantans, Laysan Finch Sparrow Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark Telespiza ultima, Nihoa Finch Ammodramus nelsoni, Nelson’s Sturnella neglecta, Western Psittirostra psittacea, Ou Sparrow Meadowlark Loxioides bailleui, Palila Ammodramus caudacutus, Saltmarsh Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Pseudonestor xanthophrys, Maui Sparrow Yellow-headed Blackbird Parrotbill Ammodramus maritimus, Seaside Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird Hemignathus virens, Hawaii Amakihi Sparrow Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer’s Hemignathus flavus, Oahu Amakihi Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow Blackbird Hemignathus kauaiensis, Kauai Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle Amakihi Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln’s Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle Hemignathus ellisianus, Greater

VerDate Mar<15>2010 16:50 Apr 25, 2011 Jkt 223001 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\26APP3.SGM 26APP3 jlentini on DSKJ8SOYB1PROD with PROPOSALS3 23448 Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 80 / Tuesday, April 26, 2011 / Proposed Rules

Akialoa Vestiaria coccinea, Iiwi § 21.3 [Amended] Hemignathus lucidus, Nukupuu Palmeria dolei, Akohekohe 4. Amend § 21.3, the definition of Hemignathus munroi, Akiapolaau ‘‘Raptor’’, by adding the words ‘‘the Himatione sanguinea, Apapane Magumma parva, Anianiau Order Accipitriformes,’’ immediately Oreomystis bairdi, Akikiki Melamprosops phaeosoma, Poo-uli before the words ‘‘the Order Oreomystis mana, Hawaii Creeper Falconiformes’’. Paroreomyza maculata, Oahu PART 21—[AMENDED] Alauahio Dated: April 6, 2011. Paroreomyza flammea, Kakawahie 3. The authority citation for part 21 is Will Shafroth, Paroreomyza montana, Maui revised to read as follows: Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks. Alauahio Authority Migratory Bird Treaty Act, 65 Loxops caeruleirostris, Akekee Pub. L. No. 65–186, 40 Stat. 755 (1918) (16 [FR Doc. 2011–9448 Filed 4–25–11; 8:45 am] Loxops coccineus, Akepa U.S.C. 703–12), as amended. BILLING CODE 4310–55–P

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