Between Two Hells
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Mary Macswiney Was First Publicly Associated
MacSwiney, Mary by Brian Murphy MacSwiney, Mary (1872–1942), republican, was born 27 March 1872 at Bermondsey, London, eldest of seven surviving children of an English mother and an Irish émigré father, and grew up in London until she was seven. Her father, John MacSwiney, was born c.1835 on a farm at Kilmurray, near Crookstown, Co. Cork, while her mother Mary Wilkinson was English and otherwise remains obscure; they married in a catholic church in Southwark in 1871. After the family moved to Cork city (1879), her father started a snuff and tobacco business, and in the same year Mary's brother Terence MacSwiney (qv) was born. After his business failed, her father emigrated alone to Australia in 1885, and died at Melbourne in 1895. Nonetheless, before he emigrated he inculcated in all his children his own fervent separatism, which proved to be a formidable legacy. Mary was beset by ill health in childhood, her misfortune culminating with the amputation of an infected foot. As a result, it was at the late age of 20 that she finished her education at St Angela's Ursuline convent school in 1892. By 1900 she was teaching in English convent schools at Hillside, Farnborough, and at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Her mother's death in 1904 led to her return to Cork to head the household, and she secured a teaching post back at St Angela's. In 1912 her education was completed with a BA from UCC. The MacSwiney household of this era was an intensely separatist household. Avidly reading the newspapers of Arthur Griffith (qv), they nevertheless rejected Griffith's dual monarchy policy. -
Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939
Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 Kyle McCreanor A Thesis in the Department of History Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts (History) at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada March 2019 © Kyle McCreanor, 2019 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Kyle McCreanor Entitled: Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (History) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: _________________________________ Chair Dr. Andrew Ivaska _________________________________ Examiner Dr. Ted McCormick _________________________________ Examiner Dr. Cameron Watson _________________________________ Supervisor Dr. Gavin Foster Approved by _________________________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director _______________ 2019 _________________________________________ Dean of Faculty iii Abstract Ireland and the Basque Country: Nationalisms in Contact, 1895-1939 Kyle McCreanor This thesis examines the relationships between Irish and Basque nationalists and nationalisms from 1895 to 1939—a period of rapid, drastic change in both contexts. In the Basque Country, 1895 marked the birth of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (Basque Nationalist Party), concurrent with the development of the cultural nationalist movement known as the ‘Gaelic revival’ in pre-revolutionary Ireland. In 1939, the Spanish Civil War ended with the destruction of the Spanish Second Republic, plunging Basque nationalism into decades of intense persecution. Conversely, at this same time, Irish nationalist aspirations were realized to an unprecedented degree during the ‘republicanization’ of the Irish Free State under Irish leader Éamon de Valera. -
Dáil Éireann
Vol. 1006 Wednesday, No. 7 12 May 2021 DÍOSPÓIREACHTAÍ PARLAIMINTE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DÁIL ÉIREANN TUAIRISC OIFIGIÚIL—Neamhcheartaithe (OFFICIAL REPORT—Unrevised) Insert Date Here 12/05/2021A00100Ábhair Shaincheisteanna Tráthúla - Topical Issue Matters 884 12/05/2021A00175Saincheisteanna Tráthúla - Topical Issue Debate 885 12/05/2021A00200Digital Hubs ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������885 12/05/2021B00350Hospital Waiting Lists 887 12/05/2021C00400Special Educational Needs 891 12/05/2021E00300Harbours and Piers 894 12/05/2021F00600Companies (Protection of Employees’ Rights in Liquidations) Bill 2021: Second Stage [Private Members] 897 12/05/2021S00500Ceisteanna ó Cheannairí - Leaders’ Questions 925 12/05/2021W00500Ceisteanna ar Reachtaíocht a Gealladh - Questions on Promised Legislation 935 12/05/2021AA00800Pensions (Amendment) (Transparency in Charges) Bill 2021: First Stage 945 12/05/2021AA01700Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) (Foetal Pain Relief) Bill 2021: First Stage 946 12/05/2021BB00900Ministerial Rota for Parliamentary Questions: Motion -
Robert John Lynch-24072009.Pdf
THE NORTHERN IRA AND THE EARY YEARS OF PARTITION 1920-22 Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Stirling. ROBERT JOHN LYNCH DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY DECEMBER 2003 CONTENTS Abstract 2 Declaration 3 Acknowledgements 4 Abbreviations 5 Chronology 6 Maps 8 Introduction 11 PART I: THE WAR COMES NORTH 23 1 Finding the Fight 2 North and South 65 3 Belfast and the Truce 105 PART ll: OFFENSIVE 146 4 The Opening of the Border Campaign 167 5 The Crisis of Spring 1922 6 The Joint-IRA policy 204 PART ILL: DEFEAT 257 7 The Army of the North 8 New Policies, New Enemies 278 Conclusion 330 Bibliography 336 ABSTRACT The years i 920-22 constituted a period of unprecedented conflct and political change in Ireland. It began with the onset of the most brutal phase of the War of Independence and culminated in the effective miltary defeat of the Republican IRA in the Civil War. Occurring alongside these dramatic changes in the south and west of Ireland was a far more fundamental conflict in the north-east; a period of brutal sectarian violence which marked the early years of partition and the establishment of Northern Ireland. Almost uniquely the IRA in the six counties were involved in every one of these conflcts and yet it can be argued was on the fringes of all of them. The period i 920-22 saw the evolution of the organisation from a peripheral curiosity during the War of independence to an idealistic symbol for those wishing to resolve the fundamental divisions within the Sinn Fein movement which developed in the first six months of i 922. -
Palestine in Irish Politics a History
Palestine in Irish Politics A History The Irish State and the ‘Question of Palestine’ 1918-2011 Sadaka Paper No. 8 (Revised edition 2011) Compiled by Philip O’Connor July 2011 Sadaka – The Ireland Palestine Alliance, 7 Red Cow Lane, Smithfield, Dublin 7, Ireland. email: [email protected] web: www.sadaka.ie Bank account: Permanent TSB, Henry St., Dublin 1. NSC 990619 A/c 16595221 Contents Introduction – A record that stands ..................................................................... 3 The ‘Irish Model’ of anti-colonialism .................................................................... 3 The Irish Free State in the World ........................................................................ 4 The British Empire and the Zionist project........................................................... 5 De Valera and the Palestine question ................................................................. 6 Ireland and its Jewish population in the fascist era ............................................. 8 De Valera and Zionism ........................................................................................ 9 Post-war Ireland and the State of Israel ............................................................ 10 The UN: Frank Aiken’s “3-Point Plan for the Middle East” ................................ 12 Ireland and the 1967 War .................................................................................. 13 The EEC and Garret Fitzgerald’s promotion of Palestinian rights ..................... 14 Brian Lenihan and the Irish -
Dr Eveleen O'brien (1901–1981)
Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) (2019) 188:649–652 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-018-1905-z HISTORICAL AND LITERARY Dr Eveleen O’Brien (1901–1981) Aoife K. O’Callaghan1 & Brendan D. Kelly1 Received: 12 September 2018 /Accepted: 19 September 2018 /Published online: 24 September 2018 # Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland 2018 Abstract Dr Eveleen O’Brien (1901–1981) was a leading figure in Irish asylum medicine, with a particular interest in the care of patients suffering from epilepsy and the crossover between neurology and psychiatry. From 1933 to 1966, O’Brien worked in Grangegorman Mental Hospital. She was appointed Governor of the Central Mental Hospital, Dundrum in January 1968 and remained in this position until 1971. An enthusiastic researcher, O’Brien published several papers in the Journal of Mental Science, including Ireland’s first systematic review of insulin therapy (1939). In 1942, O’Brien obtained a doctorate in medicine (MD or Medicinae Doctor) from the National University of Ireland for a thesis titled BEpilepsy and its theories, results of treatment^.O’Brien died in Sutton, North Dublin, on 31 July 1981 at 80 years of age. O’Brien belonged to a remarkable group of Irish women doctors in the early 1900s, each of whom made substantial contributions to the development of Irish medical services and improvement of social conditions, especially for the socially excluded and the mentally ill. Keywords Diagnosis . History . Ireland . Mental disorder . Psychiatrist . Psychiatry Background O’Brien began her education in the Ursuline Convent in Thurles and studied Latin and Mathematics, both of which Dr Eveleen O’Brien (1901–1981) was a leading figure in Irish were essential in order to matriculate and qualify for entry to asylum medicine, with a particular interest in the care of pa- university, but were rarely taught to girls in the early twentieth tients suffering from epilepsy and the crossover between neu- century. -
By Richard English O'malley, Ernest Bernard
O'Malley, Ernest Bernard (‘Ernie’) by Richard English O'Malley, Ernest Bernard (‘Ernie’) (1897–1957), revolutionary and writer, was born 26 May 1897 in Ellison St., Castlebar, Co. Mayo, second child among nine sons and two daughters of Luke Malley, solicitor's clerk, of Co. Mayo, and Marion Malley (née Kearney) of Co. Roscommon. Christened Ernest Bernard Malley, his adoption of variations on this name (Earnán O Máille, Earnán O'Malley, and, most commonly, Ernie O'Malley), reflected his enthusiasm for a distinctively Irish identity – an enthusiasm that lay at the heart of his republican career and outlook. In 1906 his family moved to Dublin, where O'Malley attended the CBS, North Richmond St. In 1915 he began to study medicine at UCD. Having initially intended to follow his older brother into the British army, O'Malley in fact joined the Irish Volunteers in the wake of the 1916 Easter rising (as a member of F Company, 1st Battalion, Dublin Brigade). The latter had a profound impact upon his thinking; O'Malley was to become a leading figure in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish revolution which that rebellion helped to occasion. In 1918, having twice failed his second-year university examination, O'Malley left home to commit himself to the republican cause. He was initially a Volunteer organiser with the rank of second lieutenant (under the instruction of Richard Mulcahy (qv)), operating in Counties Tyrone, Offaly, Roscommon, and Donegal. His work in 1918 involved the reorganisation, or new establishment, of Volunteer groups in the localities. Then in August 1918 he was sent to London by Michael Collins (qv) to buy arms. -
Women Who Spied for Ireland
Associate Associate Associate Associate Associate Susan Killeen Confidante of MC Siobhan Creedon Associate Deciphered messages Nora Wallace Helped Cork Brigades Code-breaker Associate Nancy O'Brien MC's cousin Josephine Marchmount Spied against British Head of Civilian Clerks and Typists at Worked with coded messages at Dublin Castle Cork Military Barracks Spied for Ireland Employee Confirmed Troop movements Married prominent IRA member Employee Dublin Castle British Operational HQ during Ind. War Participant Associate Mary Collins-Powell Associate MC's sister Associate Courier Intel Officer Participant Page 1 of 12 Associate Participant Participant Michael Collins President of the IRB Director of Munitions for IRA Director of Intelligence of the Irish Volunteers Employee Adjutant General and Director of Organization Minister of Finances: Dial Abbr: M.C. Kathleen Napoli MacKenna Courier Associate Associate MC's Secretary Participant Associate Associate Associate Participant Associate Associate Associate Associate Associate Location Associate Kitty Kiernan Fiance of MC 44 Mountjoy St. Attacked by British Safe House Furry Park, Dublin Madeline Dicker Linda Kearns Safe House MC's Girlfriend Meeting Place for IRB, IRA, and CnamB Associate Gun-runner Hid MC Participant Arrested, Broke out Courier Participant Sinead Mason Location Associate MC's Secretary War for Independence Owner Civil War Harry Boland Leader of the Movement Friend of MC Associate Associate 30 Mountjoy St. Josephine Marchmount Safe House Associate Head of Civilian Clerks -
The Big Fellow?
Peter Hart. Mick: The Real Michael Collins. New York: Viking, 2006. xxi + 426 pp. $17.00, paper, ISBN 978-0-14-303854-2. Reviewed by Timothy McMahon Published on H-Albion (August, 2006) Peter Hart, the leading young historian of the was emblematic of a generation of young Euro‐ Irish War of Independence, has produced an en‐ peans.) Better educated and more mobile than gaging, vivid, yet uneven biography of the revolu‐ their parents, they were drawn to cities and tionary politician Michael Collins. Anyone famil‐ towns, often to clerical, trade, or civil service posi‐ iar with Hart's earlier works (including the su‐ tions, yet they were also frequently frustrated by perb The IRA and Its Enemies [1998]) knows that their lack of mobility once they reached a certain he brings considerable gifts as a storyteller and point on the career ladder. For Collins, and for analyst to bear on his subjects. In this instance, he many hundreds of other young Irish, this point eschews the tropes of prior works on Collins-- came after emigration from rural west Cork to most notably the tendency to portray him as an London, where he entered with gusto into the mi‐ Emerald Pimpernel. The author restricts himself grant milieu, joining organizations such as the only to sources that are readily available (letters, Gaelic Athletic Association, the Gaelic League, and police reports, cabinet and committee minutes, di‐ most importantly the Irish Republican Brother‐ aries, and newspaper accounts), thus avoiding a hood. pitfall of prior Collins scholarship, in which au‐ Still, the author's treatment of the Irish-Ire‐ thors have utilized papers that subsequently dis‐ land movement--with its endless committees, appeared. -
Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons War and Society (MA) Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-20-2019 Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising Sasha Conaway Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses Part of the Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Conaway, Sasha. Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising. 2019. Chapman University, MA Thesis. Chapman University Digital Commons, https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000079 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in War and Society (MA) Theses by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising A Thesis by Sasha Conaway Chapman University Orange, CA Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in War and Society May 2019 Committee in Charge Jennifer Keene, Ph.D., Chair Charissa Threat, Ph.D. John Emery, Ph. D. May 2019 Volunteer Women: Militarized Femininity in the 1916 Easter Rising Copyright © 2019 by Sasha Conaway iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my parents, Elda and Adam Conaway, for supporting me in pursuit of my master’s degree. They provided useful advice when tackling such a large project and I am forever grateful. I would also like to thank my advisor, Dr. -
The Rise of Sinn Féin
UNDERSTANDING 1917 AND BEYOND THE RISE OF SINN FÉIN THE RISE OF SINN FÉIN Sinn Féin, as a political entity, was founded on 28th November 1905 at the first annual convention of the National Council. Based on policies he had previously written about in The Resurrection of Hungary (1904), Arthur Griffith presented a detailed programme that would be later published as ‘The Sinn Féin Policy’. THE SINN FÉIN POLICY 'Sinn Féin' began life as a slogan, used by many Irish nationalists and organisations – it is believed that it originates from an early motto of the Gaelic League: ‘Sinn féin, sinn féin amháain’, meaning ‘Ourselves, ourselves alone’. Arthur Griffith - a well known journalist and nationalist - then adopted this slogan to describe his policy that would go on to become the foundation of Sinn Féin. Formally a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), Griffith began to oppose their more radical aims. Griffith believed that Ireland could not win independence through physical means, nor was he fully convinced that self-governance could be achieved politically. Arthur Griffith Griffith was a journalist and Irish Instead, Griffith urged a policy ofpassive resistance: refusal to pay taxes, Nationalist who gained fame boycotting of British goods as part of a wider plan to make Ireland self for his political writings and sufficient, creating independent Irish courts, the establishment of a National later, his political career. Griffith Council in Ireland and Irish MPs withdrawing from Westminster (abstention). was instrumental in the founda- As part of his policy, Griffith also supported thedual monarchy approach: tion of a number of national- that Ireland should become its own kingdom alongside Britain, with the two ist organisations, newspapers forming a dual monarchy – a shared monarch with two separate governments. -
Ireland Between the Two World Wars 1916-1949, the Irish Political
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Oran Faculty of Letters, Arts and Foreign Languages, Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages Section of English THE IRISH QUESTION FROM HOME RULE TO THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND, 1891-1949 Thesis submitted to the Department of Anglo-Saxon Languages in candidature for the Degree of Doctorate in British Civilization Presented by: Supervised by: Mr. Abdelkrim Moussaoui Prof. Badra Lahouel Board of examiners: President: Dr. Belkacem Belmekki……………………….. (University of Oran) Supervisor: Prof. Badra Lahouel…………………………… (University of Oran) Examiner: Prof. Abbès Bahous………………….. (University of Mostaganem) Examiner: Prof. Smail Benmoussat …………………..(University of Tlemcen) Examiner: Dr. Zoulikha Mostefa…………………………… (University of Oran) Examiner: Dr. Faiza Meberbech……………………… (University of Tlemcen) 2013-2014 1 DEDICATION …To the Memory of My Beloved Tender Mother… 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS By the Name of God the Clement and the Merciful First and foremost, I would like to thank my mentor and supervisor, the distinguished teacher, Professor Badra LAHOUEL, to whom I am so grateful and will be eternally indebted for her guidance, pieces of advice, encouragement and above all, her proverbial patience and comprehension throughout the preparation of this humble research paper. I am also profoundly thankful to whom I consider as a spiritual father, Professor, El Hadj Fawzi Borsali may God preserve him, for his inestimable support and instructive remarks. Special thanks to all my previous teachers through my graduation years: Lakhdar Barka, Moulfi, Maghni, Mostefa, Sebbane, Boutaleb, Layadi, Chami, Rahal, and those we lost Mr Bouamrane and Mr Benali may their souls rest in peace. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr Moukaddess from England, for his valuable help, and to my friend Abdelkader Kourdouli for being very willing to help.