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The Evolution of Young Adult Literature and Its Growth and Development in Australia: the Guidance to Write an Australian Young Adult Novel

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The Evolution of Young Adult Literature and Its Growth and Development in Australia: the Guidance to Write an Australian Young Adult Novel The Evolution of Young Adult Literature and its Growth and Development in Australia: The guidance to write an Australian Young Adult novel Mary Elisabeth Nosworthy Doctor of Creative Arts Western Sydney University 2020 i Thank you to my sister Dr Diana Whitton who was supportive and a fantastic reference point. She inspired me to keep going and achieve a completed exegesis. ii Statement of Authentication The work presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original except as acknowledged in the text. I hereby declare that I have not submitted this material, either in full or in part, for a degree at this or any other institution. Mary Nosworthy M.Ed (Special Ed) USyd M.Ed (Administration) UQ Grad Dip Ed (UWoll). BA (UQ) Dip Teach (ACPE) iii Declaration This exegesis and creative component were professionally edited by Dr. Lisa Hill, The Writing Centre, Woombye, Queensland. iv Table of Contents Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One ................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter Two ................................................................................................................................. 6 The History of Young Adult Literature .................................................................................... 8 Defining Young Adult Literature ........................................................................................... 10 The Status of YA Literature—Is it a Genre? ........................................................................... 21 The Age Debate ................................................................................................................... 25 Trends in Young Adult Literature .......................................................................................... 26 Literary Theories ................................................................................................................. 33 Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................. 39 The Genre in Australia ......................................................................................................... 39 Judges and the Awards Process ........................................................................................... 41 Analysis of the Award---Winning Books ............................................................................ 42 The Valley Between .............................................................................................................. 43 The Master of the Grove ......................................................................................................... 46 So Much to Tell You ............................................................................................................... 49 Strange Objects ....................................................................................................................... 52 Bridge to Wiseman’s Cove ....................................................................................................... 55 Looking for Alibrandi ............................................................................................................... 58 Foxspell ................................................................................................................................... 60 48 Shades of Brown................................................................................................................. 63 The Messenger........................................................................................................................ 64 The Running Man .................................................................................................................... 68 The Story of Tom Brennan ....................................................................................................... 70 Tales from Outer Suburbia ...................................................................................................... 72 The Dead I Know ..................................................................................................................... 73 The Sky so Heavy ..................................................................................................................... 74 Take Three Girls ...................................................................................................................... 76 Between Us ............................................................................................................................. 77 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 78 Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................... 79 How and Why Authors Write ............................................................................................... 79 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 80 Authors’ Backgrounds ......................................................................................................... 81 Development of Writing Techniques ................................................................................... 81 v The Craft of Writing ............................................................................................................. 85 Physical Writing Space and Writers’ Processes .................................................................... 86 Chapter Five ................................................................................................................................ 92 What Influences Writers? .................................................................................................... 92 Writer’s Purpose ................................................................................................................. 93 Why I Write ......................................................................................................................... 98 Significant Influences on My Writing ................................................................................. 102 Reference List ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. vi Abstract This exegesis investigates how Australian Young Adult Literature has grown and developed to provide a guide and influence in the composition of a Young Adult novel. Literature has existed for centuries however, a unique genre targeting adolescents between 12 and 18 years can be seen to have emerged after the Second World War. In the last 60 years books written specifically for Young Adult (YA) readers have increased markedly, with 1.8 million YA books sold in Australia in 2017 (Steger, 2019). This research focuses on the global rise and contribution of YA authors, and closely examines the acceptance and recognition of Australian YA books. The historical evolution, growth and development of YA novels and their authors is identified, as are particular characteristics and attributes that aided in the development of a novel for young adults, which is an integral part of this Creative Arts Doctorate. The research is multi-faceted, focusing on the historical development of YA literature; interviews with established Australian authors; reviews by the Children’s Book Council of Australia and detail from their judges on the award-winning YA books and novels pertinent to the area. The annual CBCA literary award-winning novels are reviewed and published in Reading Time. These provided an insight into the notable features and a rationale for their selection of annual Book of the Year for Older Readers. The reviews were written by a variety of critics but are governed by the parameters of the criteria used for the judging of the Book of the Year awards. This ensured comparability among the reviews. My research found that Australian YA novels have developed and diversified and reflect societal cultural changes. The transition to a more multicultural country is reflected in the novels produced in Australia from 1980–2019. vii Analysis of the historical development and examining the evolution of definitions and trends in literature and how that impacted on the YA genre is a focus of the research. It is purported that trends were apparent in the development of the genre post war for teenagers. This was evident in themes and contexts used, which reflected a reaction to the social and cultural landscapes that evolved, particularly in America and subsequently in Britain and Australia, post 1945. The current trends include novels that are realistic fiction, investigate romance/sexuality, have a gritty setting, may include drugs, dysfunctional families or criminality and more recently the plight of refugees and environmental issues and concerns. I undertook extensive reading of seminal novels including those by Hinton, Salinger, Cormier, Pullman, Golding, Sherman Alexie, Meg Rostoff and a selection of Australian YA novels and books accessible to teens by Van Badham, James Roy, Margo Lanagan, Shaun Tan, Isabelle Carmody, Randa Abdul Fattah, Phillip Gwynne, Eleanor Nilsson, Simon
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