P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation Geospatial Analysis of Level of Human Resource Development in Pratapgarh Block () Abstract The development of any country can take place only when every person of the country contributes significantly to the production process so that the capital formation can take place in the country. If we divert these disguised unemployed people into the production process of intermediate and finished goods or in service sector then these unemployed people can become productive and can contributes a lot in the capital formation of the country. It is a well known fact that Indian economy is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary sector. There is plenty of unskilled labour and workers in these sectors therefore, their productivity is very low, so they can not contribute in the development of the country according to their capacity. If these people can trained in different areas than they can be utilized in the activities of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector than their productivity will enhanced and thus the development of the country can take place. Thus, there is an urgent need of the skill development of the people of the country which will make the country to move on the path of development. Jeetesh Joshi Pratapgarh, the 33rd district of Rajasthan, which is known for its Research Scholar, tribal socio-cultural features, is now linked with human resource development and efforts are being made at all levels to cause Deptt. of Geography, development. However, 100% development of the district seems to be M.L.S. University, only a myth. , Rajasthan The paper which aims at analyzing geospatially the human resource development of the Pratapgarh block of the Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan chiefly in the economic, health and education fields is an empirical study based on GIS methodology and survey of the study area in consideration. Keywords: Geospatial, Analysis, HRD, Block, Skill Development. Introduction is a country of villages where about 70 percent population of the country lives in rural areas. This population is directly or indirectly depends on the agriculture and allied activities like animal husbandry etc. There is a huge and great problem of unemployment in rural areas because beside agriculture, there is no source of occupation. Rajasthan is basically a rural state where a huge amount of people depend on the agricultural activities. Although the share of the agriculture is decreasing in NSDP but we cannot ignore its importance for providing the livelihood to large part of the population of the state. The physiography of the state is very much typical. About 61 percent area of the state falls under the desert Shivani Swarnkar area where monsoon always fails and the facilities of irrigation is at a very Assistant Professor, low level. Therefore, the possibilities of agriculture are in vain and people Deptt. of Geography, always migrate in the search of employment in neighboring states or in Govt. Meera Girls’ College, countries. Rajasthan is mainly divided into seven divisions namely Udaipur, Udaipur, Rajasthan , , Kota, , Bharatpur and . There are six districts in Udaipur division namely Udaipur, , , , and Pratapgarh. These districts are well known for their tribal background where almost two third part of the population is tribal. Tribal people are mainly dependent on the agricultural and allied activities in which too much skill is not required, only human labour is essential in such activities. Therefore, the tribal rural people are suitable for such unskilled activities like subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry etc. Almost all the populations of these tribal areas are engaged in the agriculture and allied activities where skills are not essential to work so the productivity of the labour is not high. It is also a very important fact that the agriculture 67

P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation does not provide sufficient employment opportunities world. The cultural, social, political, economic to the people. Therefore, in search of the employment disparities have resulted into the imbalanced tribal people migrate in other areas. If these tribal development mostly in the developing countries of the people get the training of skills then they can get world. Balanced regional development is surely not better opportunities of the employment. These skillful only an economic issue but also a political and social people can better contribute in the development of the necessity. The existence of regional disparities is country. almost a common and global phenomenon. Both The process of development has been developed and under developed countries are gripped continuously taking place in the world. But it is noticed with the problem of regional disparities and that the development is not equalized all over. It imbalances. varies from country to country, region to region and In a developing country like India there is society to society. "Regional disparities have greater regional imbalance. The spatial structure of continued attracting the attention at least since socio-economic development has been distorted to a Rudyard wrote that" East is East and West is West greater extent due to deep rooted social, economic, and never the twain shall meet", as the statement is political, historical, natural, and other forces of its equally relevant for economic differences . Some spatial organization. This has led to the widening the people are enjoying all kinds of luxuries whereas gap between haves and have-nots, within the country many are struggling for their livelihood. The problem and even within the region at micro level. We have of regional imbalance, which is the result of regional highly developed regions on one side and highly disparities, is not only the problem in the developing backward on the other. countries but also in the developed countries of the Human Resource Development Graphical Scenario In Pratapgarh Block (Rajasthan)

The map displays the regional set up of the The major villages of Pratapgarh district Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan. Pratapgarh district is include Dhamottar, Kulmipura, Sidhhpura, the 33rd district of Rajasthan, created on 26 January Rathanjana, DhaulaPani, Devgarh, Salamgarh, 2008. It is a part of Udaipur Division and has been Parsola, Ghantali, Arnod, Gandher, Asawsata, carved out from the erstwhile tehsils Kulthana, Avleshwar, Rajora, Kuni, Hathuniya, of Chittorgarh, Udaipur and Banswara districts.Pratap Pratappura, Mokhampura, Barotha, Basera, Basad, garh district comprises 5 sub-divisions, Arnod, Chhoti Varmandal, Bajranggarh, Suhagpura, Rampuriya, , , PeepalKhoont and Pratapgarh. The Chiklad, Gyaspur, Barawarda, Bardia, Thada, number of revenue villages in Arnod Tehsil is 178, in Panmodi, Jhansadi, Gautmeshwara, Dalot, Ghantali, ChotiSaariTehsil the number is 141, Dariyawad Tehsil Peepalkhoont, Rajpuriya, Bambori and Bagwas & is 249 whereas Peepalkhoont Tehsil has 23 and in Kherot, Badhi Shakthali. Pratapgarh Tehsil there are 330 revenue villages.

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P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation Review of Literature development. However, huge emphasis on it should Prof. S. Kanakachary (2010) in his paper be avoided for policy implementation and other Regional Disparities in Andhra Pradesh; A Spatial development indicators should also be focused in Study has analysed the regional disparities and their addition to HDI. increasing trend by dividing the districts into 6 sub Ashish Dhar Mishra & Rahul Chaudhary regions in A.P. It is revealed in the study that 10 (2014) in the study A Comparative study of Human districts in the state are developed in agriculture of Development Index of Selected States find that in which 6 are in Telangana, 3 in Andhra and only one in health index, Kerala has taken highest rank then Rayalaseema. North Telangana is at the top while Punjab, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra North Coastal Andhra is at thebottom. Telangana is in Pradesh, Assam and Bihar has taken a consistency Ist place in agriculture followed by Coastal Andhra lowest rank. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu has obtained and Rayalaseema. moderate rank ; in education index, Himachal RaghbendraJha (2010) in An Empirical Pradesh has taken highest rank, Tamil Nadu then Analysis of the Impact of Public Expenditures on Kerala. Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand, Assam and Education and Health on Poverty in Indian States Bihar have taken a consistency lowest rank. Punjab, observes that development and health Orissa, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra have obtained expenditures help reduce poverty in the case of moderate rank; in income index, Goa has taken India. Per capita income is not significant in highest rank then Haryana, Maharashtra and Gujarat. explaining poverty. Education expenditure helps Madhya Jharkhand, Assam and Bihar has taken a reduce poverty. Within this category, the efficacy of consistency lowest rank. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, higher education in reducing poverty is greater than Andhra Pradesh have taken moderate rank. that of other types. P.Ponmuthusaravanan&G.Ravi (2016) in These results indicate that the government the paper Inter-Regional Disparities with Multi- should spend more on university, technical, vocational Dimensional Aspect in India explains the disparities and adult education which provide immediate income- with multi-dimensional aspects in India. Some of its earning opportunity to the people. This result is major dimensions include: The level of economic important considering the fact that Government of growth, level of education, level of health services, India is committed to spending more on education and status of women, level of nutrition, etc., the disparities other similar sectors such as health and development. almost exist in all aspects which mentioned above MiloradKovacevic (2011) The Review of numerous measures have undertaken to reduce the HDI Critiques and Potential Improvements disparities but still it wide in India. observes that the quantity and quality of education Padam Singh and SatyendraKeshari received by the population is very important in today’s (2016) in the study Development of Human society. Basic education increases the efficiency and Development Index at District Level for EAG the participation of each individual. Moreover, States observe that out of 8 EAG States, Uttarakhand members of the society who have received little stands out as relatively developed State and is out of formal education can carry out only simple manual BIMARU category. Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh work and find it much more difficult to adapt to more are next to in the order and may compete for coming advanced technologies. Lack of basic education can out of BIMARU group. Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha therefore become a constraint on development, with and Jharkhand are lagging behind. Chhattisgarh falls the society finding it difficult to move up through the in the middle category of Human Development Index. value chain by producing and consuming Even State Capitals are different at development more‐sophisticated products and services, and thus levels, Dehradun, Bhopal and Jaipur are among the the entire society lags behind. Literacy is considered a top 5 ranking as 2nd, 3rd and 5th respectively where human capital stock variable, and in some sense it as Patna at 101st rank and Raipur at 69th HDI rank represents the outcome of the education process. are relatively at the bottom. The remaining two Hasan Al-Hilani (2012) in HDI as a capitals namely Lucknow and Ranchi (Purbi- Measure of Human Development: A Better Index Singhbhum) rank 22nd and 23rd respectively. than the Income Approach? finds that it has always Correspondent, HindustanTimes (March been contentious how to measure human 22, 2017) under the head India ranked 131 on development. Contrary to simple income approach, Human Development Index, bracketed with multidimensional indices and constructs do provide us Pakistan and Kenyareports that India has ranked a with better insight. One of the most popular indexes is lowly 131 among the 188 countries surveyed for Human Deveopment Index (HDI) that gives us human development. The report said while many information about country’s education, health and people have greater access to education, health and longevity variables in addition to income. It has been sanitation, more focus needs to be paid to who has established that, despite lots of shortcomings and been excluded and why. Titled Human Development critic, HDI has been able to present us with a different for Everyone, the report authored by the Director of perspective to view and analyze development. the Human Development Report Office Selim Jahan, Though, the issues regarding construct and said that one in three people worldwide continue to formulation have been noticeable, HDI has improved live at a low level of human development. Women and a lot on these grounds since its formulation in early girls are systematically excluded by economic, 1990s. It is believed that HDI is a credible index for political, social and cultural barriers, according to the providing us with an alternative view of human report measured by the Human Development Index – 69

P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation a ranking of countries based on strides made with a Objectives of the Study peace -centric model of progress. 1. To take into account the geographical features of JyotiMenaria (2017)’s Skill Development Rajasthan And Employment Generation: Field Experiences 2. To be familiar with the Geographic and From Rajasthan findsthat Skill development has a demographic features of Pratapgarh district of very positive impact on employment generation. Due Rajasthan to skill development people gets employment because 3. To focus the direction of human resource they have some skills like repairing of motorcycle, development in Pratapgarh as a whole computer, electric repairing, tailoring etc. The study 4. To concentrate the direction of human resource suggests that Government must identify the areas development in the Pratapgarh block in the where skill development is necessary which will yield Pratapgarh district the increasing returns in future. Computer proficiency 5. To spot the various fields of human resource is very essential so it is very essential to promote development in the Pratapgarh block computer skills to the people in the tribal areas of 6. To make a geospatial analysis of the level of Rajasthan. There is a need of perfect setup of the human resource development in the Pratapgarh institutes which promotes the skill education in these block in the Pratapgarh district in Rajasthan remote tribal areas. There is an urgent need of 7. To study the levels of health development and to availability of sufficient funds to these institutions produce the picture of an aggregate of the levels which promotes skill education. It will promote them to of health development in the block spread skill education in tribal areas. 8. To study the levels of educational development Kiran Mor and Sarita Devi (2017) in their and to produce the picture of an aggregate of the paper Regional Disparities in Socio-Economic levels of educational development in the block Development in Post Reform Era: A Study of Indian 9. To study the levels of economic development and economy find that there is a convergence of GDP to produce the picture of an aggregate of the growth rates in successive plan periods after post levels of economic development in the block reform period. Interstate disparities in literacy rate are 10. To make an assessment of the human resource also diminishing because of increased investment in development in the Pratapgarh block in the education sector. Disparities in MMR and IMR on Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan interstate level are also going down. Hypothesis Manak Singariya (2018) in the study 1. Pratapgarh is one of the most backward districts Management and Administrative Sciences Review of Rajasthan known for its tribal society Socioeconomic Determinants of Human 2. The development of the district as a whole is slow Development Index in India observes that India has 3. In order to link the tribal people of the district with been characterized as a country with a low level of the main stream, human resource development Human Development Index and there are basic needs to be made variations in the levels and trends of HDI in major 4. Poor health, poor financial status of the triabal states of India. The study explores several people and illiteracy of the people need to be socioeconomic factors associated with human given priority for the development Development Index in major states of India. Using 5. The state under several quantitative secondary data collected from various schemes has made an attempt to make health, databases and regression & principal component economic and educational development of the analysis as statistical methods, study shows that people belonging to all the blocks of the infant mortality rate, incidence of poverty and Pratapgarh district marriage below age eighteen are also playing an 6. The development is still trailing behind the important role in reducing the value of HDI. The two targeted development dimensional plotting of variables show that one group 7. Several other aspects of public life that need to of variables including incidence of poverty, percent be developed are still untouched marriage below age eighteen and households do not Methodology have latrine facility have located in negative quadrant The study is empirical and is primarily explains negative association with HDI and another focused on the primary data collected by the cluster of socioeconomic indicators like per capita researchers to make a geospatial analysis of the level income, literacy, female engaged in salaried work, of human resource development in health, economic share of urban population and household facilities like and educational fields in particular. For the study, both electrification and telephone accessibility, which uplift the primary data and the secondary data were used. the living standards are situated in positive quadrants, The special features of the study include GIS suggesting positive association with HDI in India. methodology, the use of Arc GIS software, SECC Thus policy suggestion is crystal clear that data, population register and survey of the villages. In enlargement of women empowerment and household order to keep up the scientific spirit of the work, all the facilities are essential to enhance the value of HDI in steps of research were rigidly followed. Began with India. There is a cluster of states like Bihar, Madhya the study of the related literature found in the various Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar traditional and modern sources, the study ended with Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal, which is located in the micro geospatial analysis of the levels of human the negative quadrant, suggesting lower status of resource development in the Pratapgarh block of the socioeconomic development. 70

P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan, known for its tribal in growth and poverty reduction in the recent decade, features. while consumption inequality increased only Conclusion & Core-Findings marginally. Health and education outcomes in Rajasthan is basically a rural and agro based Rajasthan have been improving, but progress is slow. state where a huge part of the state falls under hilly There is room for improvement in the areas of infant and desert area. Monsoon always fails in the state mortality, nutrition and sanitation. There are striking and agriculture suffers a lot due to scanty rain. The differences in schooling, jobs and health outcomes people migrate in neighboring areas in search of across social groups in Rajasthan. The Scheduled employment. Therefore, to skill the people to generate Tribes, in particular, stand out for their slow pace of employment opportunities in this region is very poverty reduction and limited access to basic necessary. Government is trying in this direction services. Women in Rajasthan face many barriers. therefore it is important to assess the impact of skill While there has been improvement in schooling and development on the socio-economic development and maternal health, the child sex ratio in the state is quality of life of the people. In the Pratapgarh block of among the lowest in India, and is declining. Women the Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan, much is to be have withdrawn from the labor force in large numbers. done in order to make health, educational and The following representation made through the graphs economic development of the people. The schemes and maps reveals the surface reality of the human meant for the HRD are there, still they are away from resource development in the Pratapgarh block of the the surface reality. Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan.- Rajasthan stands out among the Low- Income states (LIS). The state has outpaced other LIS Aggregate Levels of Health Development

Aggregate Levels of Economic Development

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P: ISSN NO.: 2394-0344 RNI No.UPBIL/2016/67980 VOL-3* ISSUE-8* (Part-1) November- 2018 E: ISSN NO.: 2455-0817 Remarking An Analisation Aggregate Levels of Educational Development

The following map displays the aggregate levels of human resource development in the Pratapgarh block of the Pratapgarh district in Rajasthan- Aggregate Levels of Human Resourch Development in Pratapgarh Block

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