Ammonits De L¶Apti¬ Inferior De La Penënsula Ibêrica

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Ammonits De L¶Apti¬ Inferior De La Penënsula Ibêrica O P !"RH%!&&!" ! (")&+,) & &% &+ "R! (!" - . /) + 0 " # 12-2 AMMONITS DE L’APTIÀ INFERIOR DE LA PENÍNSULA IBÈRICA. BIOSTRATIGRAFIA I APORTACIONS A L’ESTUDI DEL OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT 1a Josep Anton Moreno-Bedmar Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica Programa de doctorat “Ciències de la Terra” Universitat de Barcelona $%&'()*R$'H'&-) '% ()*$)&&*$ ' '$'% $'0 $-'$'$% $'%&$ *R)('()* 1 3 $ 4 ( 0 %(' )% %(' )% " # 5 5 %(' )% 5 O P A la memòria del meu oncle: Benito Moreno Arbalat Voltava l’any 1993 quan el Beni va realitzar una troballa “extraordinària”, algú va llençar –en una zona on s’havia de construir una plaça– tot un conjunt de roques amb motlles de gasteròpodes i bivalves fòssils, que molt posteriorment vaig poder atribuir al miocè marí tarragoní. El meu oncle va avisar el meu pare, ens va mostrar el seu “descobriment” i vam recollir aquestes roques. Aquesta va ser la primera vegada que vaig tenir contacte amb fòssils, sorgint-ne després una autèntica passió per la paleontologia. Ammonits de l’Aptià inferior de la península Ibèrica. Biostratigrafia i aportacions a l’estudi de l’OAE 1a ÍNDEX 1. INTRODUCCIÓ _______________________________________________ 1 1.1. Objectius ______________________________________________________ 2 1.2. Problemàtica ___________________________________________________ 3 2. MARC GEOLÒGIC I ESTRATIGRÀFIC ____________________________ 7 2.1. Marc geològic __________________________________________________ 7 2.2. Marc estratigràfic _______________________________________________ 8 3. LA CONCA DEL MAESTRAT ___________________________________ 11 4. EL DOMINI PREBÈTIC ________________________________________ 13 5. LA CONCA DE SALOU-GARRAF _______________________________ 14 6. LA CONCA BASCO-CANTÀBRICA ______________________________ 15 7. LA CONCA D’ORGANYÀ ______________________________________ 17 8. RESULTATS PER A CADA ÀREA ESTUDIADA ____________________ 18 8.1. La Conca del Maestrat __________________________________________ 18 8.2. Domini Prebètic _______________________________________________ 22 8.3. Conca de Salou-Garraf __________________________________________ 24 8.4. Conca Basco-Cantàbrica_________________________________________ 26 8.4.1 Sector Basc ________________________________________________ 26 8.4.2 Sector Cantàbric ____________________________________________ 29 8.5. Conca d’Organyà ______________________________________________ 34 9. RESULTATS GLOBALS _______________________________________ 43 9.1 Biostratigrafia _________________________________________________ 43 9.2 Cronostratigrafia _______________________________________________ 44 9.3 Estratigrafia isotòpica ___________________________________________ 44 10. DISCUSSIÓ ________________________________________________ 45 10.1 Biostratigrafia ________________________________________________ 45 10.2 Cronostratigrafia ______________________________________________ 47 10.3 Estratigrafia isotòpica __________________________________________ 48 11. CONCLUSIONS ____________________________________________ 50 12. ABREVIATURES ____________________________________________ 51 13. AGRAÏMENTS ______________________________________________ 52 14. BIBLIOGRAFIA _____________________________________________ 57 15. Annex 1 15.1 Article 1 15.2 Article 2 15.3 Article 3 16. Annex 2 16.1 Altres articles 17. Annex 3 17.1 Resums de presentacions de congresos i un informe Ammonits de l’Aptià inferior de la península Ibèrica. Biostratigrafia i aportacions a l’estudi de l’OAE 1a ÍNDEX DE FIGURES Figura 1. Correlació de la biozonació boreal i mediterrània ............................... 4 Figura 2. Figura presa de Menegatti et al. (1998) de la secció de Roter Sattel on mostren els intervals des del C1 fins al C8. ................................................ 5 Figura 3. Variació de l’edat de l’OAE 1a segons diversos autors ....................... 6 Figura 4. Zones objecte d’estudi durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. ........................................................................................................... 8 Figura 5. Estratigrafia sintètica de totes les zones estudiades ......................... 10 Figura 6. Conca del Maestrat durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. ......................................................................................................... 11 Figura 7. Domini Prebètic durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. .................................................................................................................. 13 Figura 8. Conca de Salou-Garraf durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. .................................................................................................... 14 Figura 9. Conca Basco-Cantàbrica durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. .................................................................................................... 15 Figura 10. Conca d’Organyà durant l’Aptià inferior, modificat de Masse et al. 2000. ......................................................................................................... 17 Figura 11. Biozonació mediterrània estàndard i boreal versus la biozonació per la Conca del Maestrat ............................................................................... 18 Figura 12. Dufrenoyia sp., exemplar VP-A6. .................................................... 19 Figura 13. Estratigrafia de l’Aptià inferior de la Conca del Maestrat i de les seves subconques. ................................................................................... 20 Figura 14. Estratigrafia del Domini Prebètic ..................................................... 22 Figura 15. Biozonació regional per a la Conca de Salou-Garraf versus la biozonació boreal. ..................................................................................... 24 Figura 16. Estratigrafia de la Conca de Salou-Garraf ....................................... 25 Figura 17. Ammonits de la secció de Madotz. .................................................. 27 Figura 18. Estratigrafia del sector Basc de la Conca Basco-Cantàbrica .......... 28 Figura 19. Ammonits de la secció de Cuchía. .................................................. 31 Figura 20. Estratigrafia del sector cantàbric de la Conca Basco-Cantàbrica. ... 33 Figura 21. Secció de la Borda de la Torre. ....................................................... 35 Figura 22. Secció de Cabó. .............................................................................. 36 Figura 23. Ammonits de les seccions de la Borda de la Torre i de Cabó. ........ 37 Figura 24. Ammonit heteromorf de la secció de la Borda de la Torre .............. 39 Figura 25. Ammonits de la secció de Cabó. ..................................................... 40 Figura 26. Estratigrafia de la Conca d’Organyà ................................................ 42 Figura 27. Biozonació per a la península Ibèrica versus la biozonació mediterrània estàndard ............................................................................. 43 Figura 28. Estratigrafia sintètica de l’Aptià inferior de les àrees estudiades de la península Ibèrica, en gris més fosc situació de l’OAE 1a .......................... 44 Figura 29. Biozonació per a la península Ibèrica versus la biozonació mediterrània i la boreal. ............................................................................. 47 J.A. Moreno-Bedmar 1. Introducció La present tesi doctoral tracta de l’estudi del registre d’ammonits de l’Aptià inferior (Cretaci inferior) de la península Ibèrica essencialment des d’un punt de vista biostratigràfic. Durant l’Aptià inferior va tenir lloc un dels Esdeveniments Anòxics Oceànics –d’ara endavant OAE 1a– del Cretaci més ben extensament representat geogràficament, millor definit i més ben conegut, perquè en els darrers anys ha estat, i és, àmpliament estudiat. L’OAE 1a és el primer esdeveniment de gran magnitud del Cretaci amb un efecte clarament global (Jenkyns, 2003). Durant aquest esdeveniment es va produir un escalfament global, pertorbacions en el cicle del carboni, desenvolupament d’anòxia en els fons marins, crisi en la producció de carbonats, acidificació de les aigües i extincions en massa. L’OAE 1a s’ha caracteritzat en algunes de les àrees treballades en aquesta tesi, i s’ha emprat el registre d’ammonits per datar-lo amb precisió. Simultàniament a la realització d’aquesta tesi, quatre doctorands tracten l’OAE 1a en les seves respectives tesis, tres doctorandes l’estudien i el caracteritzen a la Conca Basco-Cantàbrica –María Najarro, María Isabel Millán i Tatiana Gaona Narvaez– i un darrer doctorand a la Conca del Maestrat, Telm Bover Arnal. S’ha col·laborat amb tres dels quatre doctorands realitzant, bàsicament, el calibratge biostratigràfic amb ammonits. La tesi doctoral que es presenta s’ha dut a terme a la Conca del Maestrat, al Domini Prebètic, a la Conca de Salou-Garraf, a la Conca Basco-Cantàbrica i a la Conca d’Organyà. Aquesta tesi es construeix sobre tres articles, un d’ells publicat, un segon acceptat i un darrer enviat, tots ells a revistes indexades de reconegut prestigi internacional (ISI). Aquests articles són: 1. Moreno-Bedmar, J.A., Company, M., Bover-Arnal, T., Salas, R., Delanoy, G., Martínez, R., Grauges, A., 2009. Biostratigraphic characterization by means ammonoids of the lower
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