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A Comprehensive Review on Maerua Oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich

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A Comprehensive Review on Maerua Oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org A Comprehensive Review on Maerua Oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. Bhalakiya Hetal laxmichand1, Dr. Nainesh Rajendra Modi 2 1 Ph.D. Reaserch scholar, 2Associate Professer (Botany) 1, 2 Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate change impacts Management school of science Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahemdabad-380009, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Murva is a significant ayurvedic drug used as one of the ingredients in many Ayurvedic preparations. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. (Capparaceae) is one of the botanical sources of the Ayurvedic drug Murva. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. is an important ayurvedic drug used in many Ayurvedic preparations. It is locally known as Orapa, belong to Capparaceae family. Traditionally Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. is used to treat various diseases such as fever, stomach ache, skin infections, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and abdominal colic. In present paper detailed taxonomic description, photographs, Botanical characters and its phytochemical inside are discuss. Keywords: Phytochemicals, Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich, Drug. 1. INTRODUCTION: source of antimicrobial agents. However, many of the Murva is an important ayurvedic drug use as one of the plant materials used in traditional medicine are readily ingredient in many Ayurvedic preparations. Maerua available in rural areas at relatively cheaper than oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. (Capparaceae) is one of modern medicine.[5] India is able with a rich biological the botanical sources of the Ayurvedic drug Murva. The heritage and possesses more than 53 million tribal accepted botanical source is Marsdenia people belonging to 300 tribal community, constituting tenacissima(Roxb.) Moon. Ethanomedical survey about 8% of the total population of the country.[6] In reveals that Murva is used to cure various diseases such India, the Ayurvedic systems of medicine has been as fever, stomach ache, skin infections, urinary calculii, existing for over three thousand years, Charaka and diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, pruritis, rigidity in lower Sushruta, two of the earliest Indian scholars had enough limbs, and abdominal colic. In India, the Ayurvedic knowledge of the properties of the Indian medicinal systems of medicine has been existing for over three plant life. The Vedas are the epic poems, which contain thousand years, Charaka and Sushruta, two of the most rich material on the herbal medicine of that time People primitive Indian scholars had sufficient knowledge of living in tribal localities and in villages are using local the properties of the Indian medicinal plants. The Vedas plants as medicines from long ago because this are the epic poems, which contain rich material on the knowledge reach to them through generation to herbal medicine of that time [1].The medicinal treatises generation, and is based on experience [7,8]. One of the like the Charakasamhita and Sushrutasamhita are significant medicinal plant is Maerua oblongifolia esteemed even to this day as the treasures of literature (Forsk.) A. Rich. (Capparaceae) is locally known as on indigenous medicine [2] . Murva is a notorious drug. Orapa in Rajasthan. It is a endangered plant in the area. Amongst the many synonyms of this plant, one is Plant is woody climber and climbs over Prosopis „Dhanurgunopayogya‟ meaning „the plant whose bark is cineraria, Maytenus emarginata, Tecomella undulata, being used for the bow-strings‟. These synonyms have Salvadora spp. and resembles Cocculus species. Plants also contributes to the existing confusion. The plant produce fragrant flowers during summers. The ripe which has tough fibres is the Murva? There are many fruits are sugar rich, sweet with high calorific value and such fiber yielding plants are found in the vegetable are rarely seen as these are eaten by squirrels and birds. kingdom. Murva is an important controversial drug used Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich due to its eye- in diseases like anaemia (pandu); fever (jwara); diabetes catching aromatic flowers can be developed as garden (prameha); stomach disorder (udara roga); typhoid and ornamental plant. Murva is an important ayurvedic (visama jwara); urinary infection (asmari) and cough drug use as one of the ingredient in many Ayurvedic (ksaya) [3] . The third world nations of Asia are rich in preparations. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. biodiversity and original knowledge particularly (Capparaceae) is one of the botanical sources of the ethnomedicinal practices.[4] The researchers all over Ayurvedic drug Murva. The accepted botanical source the world are functioning in drug discovery explore is Marsdenia tenacissima(Roxb.) Moon. Ethanomedical from medicinal plants which are on behalf of a rich survey reveals that Murva is used to cure various 721 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org diseases such as fever, stomach ache, skin infections, in association with some specific tree species, as the urinary calculii, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, pruritis, population of these trees is decreasing day by day due to rigidity in lower limbs, and abdominal colic. In India, their over exploitation for fodder, food, timber and for the Ayurvedic systems of medicine has been existing for medicinal purposes the plant of Maerua oblongifolia over three thousand years, Charaka and Sushruta, two of (Forsk.) A. Rich is also facing threat of extinction. the most primitive Indian scholars had sufficient Moreover, the plant propagates in nature through seeds. knowledge of the properties of the Indian medicinal The viability of these seeds is less and most of the seeds plants. One of the significant medicinal plant is Maerua are eaten up by the rodents. [10] So, there is an urgent oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich. (Capparaceae) is locally need for the conservation of this valuable plant. known as Orapa in Rajasthan. It is a endangered plant in the area. Plant is woody climber and climbs over 2. TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION Prosopis cineraria, Maytenus emarginata, Tecomella Kingdom: Plantae undulata, Salvadora spp. and resembles Cocculus Order: Brassicales species. Plants produce fragrant flowers during Family: Capparaceae summers. The ripe fruits are sugar rich, sweet with high Genus: Maerua calorific value and are rarely seen as these are eaten by Species: M. oblongifolia squirrels and birds. Maerua oblongifolia (Forsk.) A. Rich due to its eye-catching aromatic flowers can be 2.1 The plant is named in different vernacular developed as garden and ornamental plant. M. languages. oblongifolia is highly drought and high temperature Unani: Harasingaar. resistant therefore it can be a potential target for gene Hindi: Hemkand, Potiakand, Wagboti prospecting. Plant provides shelter and food to birds and Tamil: Bhumichakkarai animals [9]. It is used to cure various diseases such as Gujrat: Hemkand, Kala-pinjola fever, stomach ache, skin infections, urinary calculii, Punjab: Pilwani diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, pruritis, rigidity in lower Rajasthan: Orapa limbs, and abdominal colic [10]. This plant always grow (2) Flowering part (1) Whole plant (3) Leaves part (4) Fruit part Fig 1: Images of Maerua oblongifolia Plant 722 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637 Available online at www.ijrat.org 2.2 Botanical characters: seeded. This plant exhibit wide variation in fruit size A large woody climbing shrub, unarmed, often and morphology [11]. scandent with pale brown and smooth bark. Leaves petiolate, from time to time clustered on shortened 3. PHYTOCHEMICALS PRESENT IN THE lateral shoots, simple or 1 - 3 foliolate, stipules minute, Maerua oblongifolia (FORSK.) A. RICH - THE subulate. Flowering in February to March. Flowers CONCERNS OF RESEARCHERS: greenish white, corymbs, sometimes 1 - 4 in axils of The phytoconstituents reported in Maerua oblongifolia upper leaves. Sepals 4, rarely 3, valvate, united at base, (FORSK.) A. RICH caducous, calyx forming 4-6 mm long tube, sharply compounds like lupine triterpenoid, betulin and lined by receptacle. Petals 3 - 4, hardly ever absent, betulinaldehyde have been found [12] Preliminary equal, smaller than calyx, inserted at throat of calyx- phytochemical studies of the roots of Maerua tube, mostly caducous. Receptacle cylindrical, oblongifolia (FORSK.) A. RICH contained alkaloids, campanulate or infundibular, inner margin formed into a carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, saponins, lobed or toothed disc. Stamens many, exert, close to the proteins and amino acids Maerua oblongifolia (FORSK.) A. RICH stem bark possesses wound-healing middle of torus, filaments free, or basally connate with activity [13, 14] and is used to treat toothache and gynophore. Gynophore long exceeding stamens, ovary intestinal disorders [15]. Three lupane triterpenoid were cylindric to ellipsoid, 1- 2 - locular, stigma subsessile, isolated and characterized from Maerua oblongifolia capitate, parietal placentae. Fruits are pale-brown, 8 to (FORSK.) A. RICH by one and two dimensional NMR, 12 cm long, tight between the seeds, forming an MS and IR spectra, as lup-20(29) - 30-diol [16, 17]. elongated, twisted and knotted berry; each knot is one- Figure 2: Lupane triterpenoid structure 723 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.7, No.4, April 2019 E-ISSN: 2321-9637
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