DOCSLIB.ORG

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Online)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antibiotic Resistance Genes Online) Resistomics: detection of resistance genes by massive sequencing Jordi Vila © by author Hospital Clinic ESCMIDBarcelona, OnlineSpain Lecture Library Synthesis of folic acid Synthesis of nucleic acids Sulfonamides Metronidazole Trimeth oprim Quinolones Rifampicin PABA DNA DNA gyrase DHFA Topo IV THFA RNA polimerase mRNA Purines/Pyrimidines/Amino acids © by author Cellular wall Synthesis of proteins β-lactams Tetracyclines Glycopeptides Aminoglycosides FosfomycinESCMID Online Lecture Chloramphenicol Library Macrolides, streptogramins Clindamycin Polimixin (membrana externa BGN) Oxazolidinones Daptomycin (GPB) How do bacteria show resistance to antimicrobial agents? © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library OM = Outer Membrana pe = Periplasmic space Α OM Β IM = Inner Membrane pe pe IM IM Gram - Efflux pump Gram + Α Β 1 = ANTIBIOTIC 4 3 © by author 2 ESCMID Online Lecture Library How do bacteria become resistance to antimicrobial agents? © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library ACQUISITION OF RESISTANCE • MUTATIONS. • TRANSFERENCE OF GENETIC MATERIAL© by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library TRANSFERABLES GENETIC ELEMENTS • PLASMIDS • TRANSPOSONS • INTEGRONS© by author • RESISTANT ISLANDS ESCMID Online Lecture Library Transposon classe I IS Resistance Gene IS Transposon classe II Resistance gene Plasmid SIR Resistance Gene SIR MOBILOME Integron Resistance gene © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library MECHANISMS OF TRANSFERENCE OF RESISTENCE GENES A = Transformation B = Conjugation © by author C = Transduction ESCMID Online Lecture Library Resistance gen • Spread of multiresistant bacteria • Spread of resistance genes © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library How do ARB and ARG spread? © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Antibiotics in Antibiotics in animals / food developing countries Antibiotics in the community © by author Health care associated infections ESCMID Online Lecture Library Antibiotics in Hospitals © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Fish farms Rivers and streams Wildlife (Birds, Rodents, Insects) Sea / Drinking water Lakes Ground Water Wastewater Industrial Soil Treatment plants Sewage Farm effluents and Fruits and vegetables manure spreading Commercial abattoirs© by / author Food chain Processing plants - Hospitalized Farm animals Humans - Community ESCMIDDirect Online contact Lecture Library Pets Environmental (Dust, Waste) SELECTIVE PRESSURE ANTIBIOTIC ANTIBIOTIC Mutation Susceptible bacterial © by author Resistant bacterial population population ESCMID Online Lecture Library Selection pressure is particularly acute in human waste streams, where resistance are shed, mixed with high concentrations of antibiotics and other slective agents. Definition of resistome • Professor Gerry Wright of McMaster University has coined the term ‘‘antibiotic resistome’’ to describe the collection of antibiotic genes in the environment.© by author Taken as a consideration the role that environmental ESCMID microorganisms Online play as reservoirsLecture of resistance Library genes Nature Review of Microbiology (2007) 5: 175 Definition of resistome • A collection of all the antibiotic resistance GLOBAL genes and their precursors in pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. SPECIFIC NICHE • Antibiotic resistance© by genes author from the pathogens are only a tiny fraction from the resistome •ESCMIDResistome however Online can Lecturebe defined in Library a multiple levels BACTERIA What is the origin of the antibiotic resistant genes? © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library D’Costa, et al: Antibiotic resistance is ancient. Nature 2011; 457:477 • Metagenomic analyses of rigorously authenticated ancient DNA from 30,000-year-old Beringian permafrost sediments and the identification of a highly diverse collection of genes encoding resistance to b-lactam, tetracycline and glycopeptide antibiotics. • Genes related to vanX, tetM and bla were found. • These results show© conclusively by author that antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that predates the modern selective ESCMIDpressure of clinical Online antibiotic Lecture use. Library Evolution of antimicrobial resistance • Microorganisms producing antibiotics are potential sources of clinical resistance. For instance the functional relationship between aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside producers has been established. • Vancomycin resist©an byce: anauthor elaborate resistance strategy (Nature Reviews in Microbiology (2007)5:175 ESCMID Online Lecture Library Vancomycin resistance • Binds to a ubiquitous cell-wall polymer and not to a protein target – No mutations in the target • They are effective at the exterior of the cell and are not susceptible to efflux or influx resistance mechanisms – Prediction that i was unlikely that resistance to vancomycin© by author would occur • The arrangement of genes is conserved between ESCMIDVRE and vancomycin Online-producing Lecture bacteria, Library which might indicate that antibiotic producers were the origins of vancomycin resistance Evolution of antimicrobial resistance • Microorganisms producing antibiotics are potential sources of clinical resistance. For instance the functional relationship between aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside producers has been established • Antibiotic resistance proteins evolve from proteins with alternative biochemical functions that function as precursors to resistance© by elements author • This can occur either through the evolution of resistance ESCMIDmechanisms in Online the microbial Lecture neighbour, or byLibrary horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes from other bacterial species. What is the origin of the clinically relevant resistant genes? © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Model of ESBL emergence and dissemination Emerging model Chromosomal ß-lactamases (Kluyvera sp.) Integration within gene capture units CTX-M-ESBL © by author ESBL Dispersion of genetic elements ESCMID Online Lecture Library Clonal selection? Other examples emergence and dissemination • Qnr - Shewanella algae - Acuatic environment (JAC 2005; 56:1118) • OXA -23 – Acinetobacter radioresistens - Soil environment (AAC 2008; 52:1252) • NDM - Erythrobacter© by author litoralis - Acuatic environment (Protein Cell 2011; 2: 250) ESCMID Online Lecture Library D’Costa, et al: Sampling the antibiotic resistome Science 2006; 311:304 • The soil resistome – Isolate sporing forming bacteria (actinomycetes), ientified by 16S rRNA as belonging to the genus Streptomyces from soil samples (urban, agricultural and forest) – Library of 480 ©strains by screenedauthor against 21 antibacterial agents ThisESCMID study offered Online an informative Lecture sampling of theLibrary resistance burden in the environment outside the clinic and demonstrated that antibiotic resistance is widespread in environmental bacteria. Bhullar K, et al: Antibiotic resistance is prevalent in an isolated cave microbiome. PLoS one 2012; 7 • 93 bacterial strains (31 Gram+ve and 62 Gram-ve) isolated from cultures resembling the carbon sources available in the cave • Four strains of Paenibacillus lautus inactivated daptomycin probably via a metalloesterase that hydrolytically opens the ring structure. © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Walsh F and Duffi B: The culturable soil antibiotic resistome: A community of multidrug resistant bacteria PLoS one 2013; 8:e65567 • 412 antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from agricultural, urban and pristine soils • All isolates were multidrug resistant with 80% resistant to 16-23 antibiotics • Mobile genetic elements© by carrying author ESBL, PMQR or NDM were not found, meanwhile efflux seems to play an important role ESCMIDin the soil resistome. Online Lecture Library Kristiansson, et al: Pyrosequencing of antibiotic- contaminated river sediments reveals high levesl of resistance and gene transfer elements PLoS one 2011; 6:e17038 • Microbial communities in river upstream and downstream from a waste water treatment plant in Sweden and India • Sequence done in Roche Genome Sequencer FLX Titanium • Analysis: © by author – All sequencing reads were compared against the non- ESCMIDredundant databaseOnline (nt) Lectureat NCBI GenBank Library Blast 2.2.18 – Taxonomic affilitation – NCBI Taxonomy database – Functional annotation – Clusters of orthologous genes (COGs) and TIGRFAMS databases using RPSBlast Kristiansson, et al: Pyrosequencing of antibiotic- contaminated river sediments reveals high levesl of resistance and gene transfer elements PLoS one 2011; 6:e17038 • Analysis: – Detection of integrases – INTEGRAll – Detection of insertion sequences – ISFinder – Plasmid analysis: Reads wer aligned with • Plasmid sequences available in the NCBI Ref.Seq database (2138 sequences) © by author • Sequences in GenBank nucleotide database annotated as plasmid – De novo plasmids was performed by concatenating ESCMIDoverlapping Online in a step-wise Lecture fashion until Library the fragment was found to be circular. – Antibiotic Resistance database Szczepanowski, et al: Detection of 140 clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in the plasmid metagenome of wastewater treatment plant bacteria showing reduced susceptibility to selected antibiotics. Microbiology 2009; 155:2306 • Source: sludge or effluent of the wastewater treatment plant • Methodology: 1 liter of sample centrifuged and pellet resuspended in 5 ml of LB broth and 100 mcl spread onto antibiotic selective ©media by author • Plasmid DNA were obtained from isolated resistant colonies with Nucleobond kit (40 to 180 kb) ESCMID• 192 resistance
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mobile Genetic Elements in Streptococci
    Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. (2019) 32: 123-166. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.123 Mobile Genetic Elements in Streptococci Miao Lu#, Tao Gong#, Anqi Zhang, Boyu Tang, Jiamin Chen, Zhong Zhang, Yuqing Li*, Xuedong Zhou* State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China. #Miao Lu and Tao Gong contributed equally to this work. *Address correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Streptococci are a group of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the family Streptococcaceae, which are responsible of multiple diseases. Some of these species can cause invasive infection that may result in life-threatening illness. Moreover, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are considerably increasing, thus imposing a global consideration. One of the main causes of this resistance is the horizontal gene transfer (HGT), associated to gene transfer agents including transposons, integrons, plasmids and bacteriophages. These agents, which are called mobile genetic elements (MGEs), encode proteins able to mediate DNA movements. This review briefly describes MGEs in streptococci, focusing on their structure and properties related to HGT and antibiotic resistance. caister.com/cimb 123 Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. (2019) Vol. 32 Mobile Genetic Elements Lu et al Introduction Streptococci are a group of Gram-positive bacteria widely distributed across human and animals. Unlike the Staphylococcus species, streptococci are catalase negative and are subclassified into the three subspecies alpha, beta and gamma according to the partial, complete or absent hemolysis induced, respectively. The beta hemolytic streptococci species are further classified by the cell wall carbohydrate composition (Lancefield, 1933) and according to human diseases in Lancefield groups A, B, C and G.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistome and Mobilome Structure of Planctomycetes from Gemmataceae Family
    sustainability Article Exploring Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistome and Mobilome Structure of Planctomycetes from Gemmataceae Family Anastasia A. Ivanova *, Kirill K. Miroshnikov and Igor Y. Oshkin Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, 119071 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (K.K.M.); [email protected] (I.Y.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The family Gemmataceae accomodates aerobic, chemoorganotrophic planctomycetes with large genome sizes, is mostly distributed in freshwater and terrestrial environments. However, these bacteria have recently also been found in locations relevant to human health. Since the antimi- crobial resistance genes (AMR) from environmental resistome have the potential to be transferred to pathogens, it is essential to explore the resistant capabilities of environmental bacteria. In this study, the reconstruction of in silico resistome was performed for all nine available gemmata genomes. Furthermore, the genome of the newly isolated yet-undescribed strain G18 was sequenced and added to all analyses steps. Selected genomes were screened for the presence of mobile genetic elements. The flanking location of mobilizable genomic milieu around the AMR genes was of particular in- terest since such colocalization may appear to promote the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. Moreover the antibiotic susceptibility profile of six phylogenetically distinct strains of Gemmataceae planctomycetes was determined. Citation: Ivanova, A.A.; Keywords: planctomycetes; Gemmataceae; antibiotic resistance profile; resistome; mobilome Miroshnikov, K.K.; Oshkin, I.Y. Exploring Antibiotic Susceptibility, Resistome and Mobilome Structure of Planctomycetes from Gemmataceae 1. Introduction Family. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5031. Several decades ago humanity faced the global issue of growing antibiotic resistance https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095031 of bacterial pathogens in clinic [1–5].
    [Show full text]
  • The Resistome of Common Human Pathogens
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/140194; this version posted May 25, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The resistome of common human pathogens Christian Munck, Mostafa M. Hashim Ellabaan, Michael Schantz Klausen, Morten O.A. Sommer* The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark *[email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/140194; this version posted May 25, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract Genes capable of conferring resistance to clinically used antibiotics have been found in many different natural environments. However, a concise overview of the resistance genes found in common human bacterial pathogens is lacking, which complicates risk ranking of environmental reservoirs. Here, we present an analysis of potential antibiotic resistance genes in the 17 most common bacterial pathogens isolated from humans. We analyzed more than 20,000 bacterial genomes and defined a clinical resistome as the set of resistance genes found across these genomes. Using this database, we uncovered the co-occurrence frequencies of the resistance gene clusters within each species enabling identification of co-dissemination and co-selection patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking the Resistome and Plasmidome to the Microbiome
    The ISME Journal (2019) 13:2437–2446 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-019-0446-4 ARTICLE Linking the resistome and plasmidome to the microbiome 1,2 3 3 3 1,2 Thibault Stalder ● Maximilian O. Press ● Shawn Sullivan ● Ivan Liachko ● Eva M. Top Received: 15 February 2019 / Revised: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 10 May 2019 / Published online: 30 May 2019 © The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access Abstract The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is a serious human health threat. While a range of environments have been identified as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), we lack understanding of the origins of these ARGs and their spread from environment to clinic. This is partly due to our inability to identify the natural bacterial hosts of ARGs and the mobile genetic elements that mediate this spread, such as plasmids and integrons. Here we demonstrate that the in vivo proximity-ligation method Hi-C can reconstruct a known plasmid-host association from a wastewater community, and identify the in situ host range of ARGs, plasmids, and integrons by physically linking them to their host chromosomes. Hi-C detected both previously known and novel associations between ARGs, mobile genetic elements and host genomes, thus validating this method. We showed that IncQ plasmids and class 1 integrons had the broadest host range in this wastewater, and identified bacteria belonging to Moraxellaceae, Bacteroides,andPrevotella, and 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: especially Aeromonadaceae as the most likely reservoirs of ARGs in this community. A better identification of the natural carriers of ARGs will aid the development of strategies to limit resistance spread to pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Florfenicol on the Microbiota Landscape and Resistome As Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis Qifan Zeng1,2, Chao Liao1,3, Jeffery Terhune4 and Luxin Wang1,3*
    Zeng et al. Microbiome (2019) 7:155 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0773-8 RESEARCH Open Access Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis Qifan Zeng1,2, Chao Liao1,3, Jeffery Terhune4 and Luxin Wang1,3* Abstract Background: Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated. Results: Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems Through Horizontal Gene Transfer
    REVIEW published: 19 February 2016 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00173 Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microbial Ecosystems through Horizontal Gene Transfer Christian J. H. von Wintersdorff 1, John Penders 1, 2, Julius M. van Niekerk 2, Nathan D. Mills 1, Snehali Majumder 2, Lieke B. van Alphen 2, Paul H. M. Savelkoul 1, 2, 3 and Petra F. G. Wolffs 1, 2* 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands, 3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has been a rising problem for public health in recent decades. It is becoming increasingly recognized that not only antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encountered in clinical pathogens are of relevance, but rather, all pathogenic, commensal as well as Edited by: Gilberto Igrejas, environmental bacteria—and also mobile genetic elements and bacteriophages—form University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto a reservoir of ARGs (the resistome) from which pathogenic bacteria can acquire Douro, Portugal resistance via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT has caused antibiotic resistance to Reviewed by: spread from commensal and environmental species to pathogenic ones, as has been Jose Luis Balcazar, Catalan Institute for Water Research, shown for some clinically important ARGs. Of the three canonical mechanisms of HGT, Spain conjugation is thought to have the greatest influence on the dissemination of ARGs.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistome from the One-Health Perspective: Understanding and Controlling Antimicrobial Resistance Transmission Dae-Wi Kim1 and Chang-Jun Cha2
    Kim and Cha Experimental & Molecular Medicine (2021) 53:301–309 https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-021-00569-z Experimental & Molecular Medicine REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Antibiotic resistome from the One-Health perspective: understanding and controlling antimicrobial resistance transmission Dae-Wi Kim1 and Chang-Jun Cha2 Abstract The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the important findings from each One-Health sector considering this concept, thereby emphasizing the significance of the One-Health approach in understanding ARG transmission. Cutting-edge research methodologies are essential for deciphering the complex resistome structure in the microbiomes of humans, animals, and the environment. Based on the recent achievements of resistome studies in multiple One-Health sectors, future directions for resistome research have been suggested to improve the understanding and control of ARG transmission: (1) ranking the critical ARGs and their hosts; (2) understanding ARG transmission at the interfaces of One-Health sectors; (3) identifying selective pressures affecting the emergence, transmission, and evolution of ARGs; and (4) elucidating the mechanisms that allow an organism to overcome taxonomic barriers in ARG transmission. 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,; 1234567890():,;
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Probiotics
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.04.442546; this version posted May 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Mobile antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotics Adrienn Greta´ Toth´ 1, Istvan´ Csabai2, Maura Fiona Judge3, Gergely Maroti´ 4,5, Agnes´ Becsei2,Sandor´ Spisak´ 5, and Norbert Solymosi3* 1Semmelweis University, Health Services Management Training Centre, 1125 Budapest, Hungary 2Eotv¨ os¨ Lorand´ University, Department of Phyisics of Complex Systems, 1117 Budapest, Hungary 3University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Centre for Bioinformatics, 1078 Budapest, Hungary 4Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary 5University of Public Service, Faculty of Water Sciences, 6500 Baja, Hungary 6Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 02115 Boston, MA, USA *[email protected] ABSTRACT Even though people around the world tend to consume probiotic products for their beneficial health effects on a daily basis, recently, concerns were outlined regarding the uptake and potential intestinal colonisation of the bacteria that they transfer. These bacteria are capable of executing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which facilitates the movement of various genes, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), among the donor and recipient bacterial populations. Within our study, 47 shotgun sequencing datasets deriving from various probiotic samples (isolated strains and metagenomes) were bioinformatically analysed. We detected more than 70 ARGs, out of which rpoB, tet(W/N/W) and potentially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) coding TEM-116 were the most common.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Florfenicol on the Microbiota Landscape and Resistome As Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis Qifan Zeng1,2, Chao Liao1,3, Jeffery Terhune4 and Luxin Wang1,3*
    Zeng et al. Microbiome (2019) 7:155 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-019-0773-8 RESEARCH Open Access Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis Qifan Zeng1,2, Chao Liao1,3, Jeffery Terhune4 and Luxin Wang1,3* Abstract Background: Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated. Results: Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of a New Resistance-Mediating Plasmid Chimera in a Blaoxa-48-Positive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strain at a German University Hospital
    microorganisms Article Detection of a New Resistance-Mediating Plasmid Chimera in a blaOXA-48-Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain at a German University Hospital Julian Schwanbeck 1,† , Wolfgang Bohne 1,†, Ufuk Hasdemir 2 , Uwe Groß 1, Yvonne Pfeifer 3, Boyke Bunk 4, Thomas Riedel 4,5, Cathrin Spröer 4, Jörg Overmann 4,5, Hagen Frickmann 6,7,‡ and Andreas E. Zautner 1,*,‡ 1 Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (W.B.); [email protected] (U.G.) 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Robert Koch Institute, FG13 Nosocomial Infections and Antibiotic Resistance, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany; [email protected] 4 Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (T.R.); [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (J.O.) 5 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 6 Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected] Citation: Schwanbeck, J.; Bohne, W.; 7 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Hasdemir, U.; Groß, U.; Pfeifer, Y.; 18057 Rostock, Germany Bunk, B.; Riedel, T.; Spröer, C.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-551-39-65927 Overmann, J.; Frickmann, H.; et al. † These authors contributed equally to this work. Detection of a New ‡ These authors contributed equally to this work. Resistance-Mediating Plasmid Chimera in a blaOXA-48-Positive Abstract: Mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain at a genes in Enterobacterales.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resistome of Important Human Pathogens 10 11 12 13 14 Christian Munck, Mostafa Ellabaan, Michael Schantz Klausen, Morten O.A
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/140194; this version posted May 19, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The resistome of important human pathogens 10 11 12 13 14 Christian Munck, Mostafa EllaBaan, Michael Schantz Klausen, Morten O.A. 15 Sommer* 16 17 The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainaBility 18 Technical University of Denmark 19 Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark 20 *[email protected] 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/140194; this version posted May 19, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 38 Abstract 39 Genes capaBle of conferring resistance to clinically used antibiotics have been 40 found in many different natural environments. However, a concise overview of 41 the resistance genes found in common human Bacterial pathogens is lacking, 42 which complicates risk ranking of environmental reservoirs. Here, we present an 43 analysis of potential antibiotic resistance genes in the 17 most common bacterial 44 pathogens isolated from humans. We analyzed more than 20,000 bacterial 45 genomes and defined a clinical resistome as the set of resistance genes found 46 across these genomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Swine Growth Promotion with Antibiotics Or Alternatives Can Increase Antibiotic Resistance Gene Mobility Potential Johanna Muurinen1*, Jacob Richert2,3, Carmen L
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Swine growth promotion with antibiotics or alternatives can increase antibiotic resistance gene mobility potential Johanna Muurinen1*, Jacob Richert2,3, Carmen L. Wickware1, Brian Richert1 & Timothy A. Johnson1* Even though the use of antibiotics for food-producing animals may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics are still used as growth promoters. Due to consumer and regulatory pressures, the use of alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters is increasing, thus more information is needed on their capability to disseminate antimicrobial resistance compared to antibiotics. We investigated the impacts of carbadox (antibiotic), copper sulfate and zinc oxide (metals) and mushroom powder (natural product) on the pig fecal resistome and microbiome. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) abundances were measured using a high-throughput qPCR array with 382 primer pairs. Bacterial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. More ARGs co-occurred with MGEs in the growth promoter group samples than in the control group samples. Community composition could not be linked to resistome in the growth promoter group samples, indicating a potential decoupling of ARGs and phylogeny. Additionally, machine-learning methods aided in defning the community and resistome diferences in response to treatments. Since increased ARG mobility potential was the primary response to the dietary additives used in this study, we suggest that ARG mobility
    [Show full text]