A Review on Fretting Wear Mechanisms, Models and Numerical Analyses
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Two-Dimensional Fretting Contact of Piezoelectric Materials Under a Rigid Conducting Cylindrical Punch
Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures TWO-DIMENSIONAL FRETTING CONTACT OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS UNDER A RIGID CONDUCTING CYLINDRICAL PUNCH Jie Su, Liao-Liang Ke and Yue-Sheng Wang Volume 11, No. 5 December 2016 msp JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES Vol. 11, No. 5, 2016 dx.doi.org/10.2140/jomms.2016.11.535 msp TWO-DIMENSIONAL FRETTING CONTACT OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS UNDER A RIGID CONDUCTING CYLINDRICAL PUNCH JIE SU, LIAO-LIANG KE AND YUE-SHENG WANG This paper investigates the fretting contact between a transversely isotropic piezoelectric half-plane and a rigid cylindrical punch in a plane strain state. It is assumed that the punch is a perfect conductor with a constant electric potential within the contact region. Since the fretting contact problem is frictional and history dependent, the two bodies are brought into contact first by a monotonically increasing normal load, and then by a cyclic tangential load, which is less than that necessary to cause complete sliding. It is assumed that the contact region contains an inner stick region and two outer slip regions in which Coulomb’s friction law is applied. With the use of the superposition principle and Fourier integral transform technique, the problem is reduced to a set of coupled Cauchy singular integral equations. An iterative method is used to determine the unknown stick/slip region, normal contact pressure, electric charge and tangential traction. The effects of the friction coefficient, electric load and conductivity of the punch on the surface electromechanical fields are discussed during different loading phases. 1. Introduction Piezoelectric materials are important smart materials and have been widely used in various electrome- chanical devices such as actuators, sensors, transducers and micropower generators. -
Influence of Surface Topography on Torsional Fretting Wear Under Flat-On-Flat Contact
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Huddersfield Repository Influence of surface topography on torsional fretting wear under flat-on-flat contact Wenlong Lu1, Po Zhang1,*, Xiaojun Liu1,Wenzheng Zhai1,Mingzhuo Zhou1,Jian Luo1,Wenhan Zeng2,Xiangqian Jiang2 1The State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China 2EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Advanced Metrology, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK Abstract: Influence of surface topography on torsional fretting under flat-on-flat contact were investigated. Contact surfaces of the lower specimens were prepared by milling with different initial surface roughness while the upper specimens were polished. Results indicate that with the increase of surface roughness, friction torque and accumulated dissipated energy present a first increase and then decrease tendency and are higher when the texture is perpendicular to the relative movement direction. The wear volume and wear rate present increasing and decreasing tendencies separately for textures parallel and perpendicular to the relative movement direction, and they are higher when the texture is parallel to the relative movement direction. The results can provide guidance for the initial surface design to reduce fretting wear. Keywords: surface roughness; texture direction; torsional fretting; friction and wear 1. Introduction Surface topography is the local deviation of a surface from a perfectly flat plane, and it has become increasingly important in many fields, such as materials, tribology and machine condition monitoring [1-2]. In many industrial applications the fretting degradation process is inevitable. -
THE PAIN of FRETTING CORROSION by David P
THE PAIN OF FRETTING CORROSION By David P. Scopelliti INTRODUCTION: The following paper is intended to inform on the subject at hand and is based on years of laboratory observations. Fretting motion, fretting wear, fretting corrosion … what does it all mean and can it be prevented or at least mitigated? WHAT IS FRETTING? Photo courtesy of Samtec Photo courtesy of Samtec Photo 1 Photo 2 The science is called Tribology, the study of moving, contacting surfaces, wear, friction, lubrication, etc. You may or may not remember studying Triboelectric charge in school (the electricity created by rubbing materials together). Our interest is in the phenomena known as Fretting Corrosion (and fretting motion, the driving force behind fretting corrosion). How is this different from normal plain old wear? The big difference is that fretting is a micro- motion issue typically less than 0.005” of movement. Just about any material that oxidizes is in danger of fretting corrosion under the right conditions. Everyone who has ever ridden a bicycle has seen the black residue on the chain and sprockets. It is not the macro-motion of the chain around the sprocket that causes fretting; it is the “jittering” of the chain against the sprocket and the rubbing of the individual chain components as well. The tiny vibrations set up by the chain/sprocket interaction along with the vibration generated as the bike travels is what we are talking about. As the surfaces of the chain and sprocket grind together, pulverized metal particles are frictionally heated and react with the moisture and oxygen in the air and any number of other corrosive gases or liquids in the ambient environment. -
Issue 18: the Difference Between True and False Brinelling
Issue 18: The Difference Between True and False Brinelling Note from Author: I wrote this article back in 2012 and it was only seen by those receiving our mailings. Now that we have gone digital with email and posting on our website we felt it was time to roll out all of my older articles. They are still relevant and I hope you enjoy! --Bud In my years of dealing with bearing failure I have heard the term brinelling used over and over with the relationship of being true or false. It’s not a question of whether or not the dent mark exists; the word true or false is defining if the dent mark is a result of the materials elastic limit being exceeded. In this short article I will try my best using as few as possible engineering terms to explain. First we need to review what these terms mean: Brinell Mark is the mark left in metal which is created by another piece of metal (or hard object.) Brinell Hardness is a scale designed to define the hardness of a material. This is measured by pressing a hardnened ball into a material and measuring the brinell mark. Pic 1: Concept of Brinell Hardness Brinelling is the term that refers to the indentation caused by impact or contact with a hard object. So then what is True Brinelling? True brinelling is a dent or brinell mark caused by contact stress that is above the allowable material limit. The estimated amount of pressure to leave a dent that is 0.0001 times the size of the rolling element is 609,000 psi in ball bearings and 580,000 psi in roller bearings. -
Wear – Materials, Mechanisms and Practice
WEAR – MATERIALS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICE Edited by Gwidon W. Stachowiak WEAR – MATERIALS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICE Editors: M.J. Neale, T.A. Polak and M. Priest Guide to Wear Problems and Testing for Industry M.J. Neale and M. Gee Handbook of Surface Treatment and Coatings M. Neale, T.A. Polak, and M. Priest (Eds) Lubrication and Lubricant Selection – A Practical Guide, 3rd Edition A.R. Lansdown Rolling Contacts T.A. Stolarski and S. Tobe Total Tribology – Towards an integrated approach I. Sherrington, B. Rowe and R. Wood (Eds) Tribology – Lubrication, Friction and Wear I.V. Kragelsky, V.V. Alisin, N.K. Myshkin and M.I. Petrokovets Wear – Materials, Mechanisms and Practice G. Stachowiak (Ed.) WEAR – MATERIALS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICE Edited by Gwidon W. Stachowiak Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Chapter 1 Copyright © I.M. Hutchings Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com Reprinted with corrections May 2006 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. -
UNIT-2: “WEAR &Types of WEAR”
UNIT-2: “WEAR &TYPEs of WEAR” Lecture by Dr. Mukund Dutt Sharma, Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Srinagar – 190 006 (J & K) India E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://nitsri.ac.in/ Instructional Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to understand: • Classification of Wear, • Theories of adhesive, abrasive, surface fatigue and corrosives wear, erosive, cavitation and fretting wear. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SRINAGAR, J&K, INDIA 11 April 2020 2 Wear INTRODUCTION Wear is defined as the undesirable but inevitable removal of material from the rubbing surfaces. Though the removal of material from the surface is small, it leads to a reduction in operating efficiency. The more frequent replacement or repair of worn components and overhauling of the machinery may cost enormously in terms of labour, machine down-time and energy in the manufacture of spares. The term wear is used to describe the progressive deterioration of the surface with loss of shape often accompanied by loss of weight and the creation of debris. Through, at the outset wear appears to be simple, the actual process of removal of material is very complex. This is because of a large number of factors which influence wear. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SRINAGAR, J&K, INDIA 11 April 2020 3 Wear (Cont..) INTRODUCTION The major factors influencing wear are given below: Variable connected with metallurgy. Hardness. Toughness. Constitution and structure. Chemical composition. Variables connected with service. Contacting materials. Pressure. Speed. Temperature. Other contributing factors. Lubrication. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF Corrosion. TECHNOLOGY, SRINAGAR, J&K, INDIA 11 April 2020 4 Wear (Cont..) INTRODUCTION Wear is a process of gradual removal of a material from surfaces of solids subject to contact and sliding. -
3Rd Edition A.R
WEAR – MATERIALS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICE Editors: M.J. Neale, T.A. Polak and M. Priest Guide to Wear Problems and Testing for Industry M.J. Neale and M. Gee Handbook of Surface Treatment and Coatings M. Neale, T.A. Polak, and M. Priest (Eds) Lubrication and Lubricant Selection – A Practical Guide, 3rd Edition A.R. Lansdown Rolling Contacts T.A. Stolarski and S. Tobe Total Tribology – Towards an integrated approach I. Sherrington, B. Rowe and R. Wood (Eds) Tribology – Lubrication, Friction and Wear I.V. Kragelsky, V.V. Alisin, N.K. Myshkin and M.I. Petrokovets Wear – Materials, Mechanisms and Practice G. Stachowiak (Ed.) WEAR – MATERIALS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICE Edited by Gwidon W. Stachowiak Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Chapter 1 Copyright © I.M. Hutchings Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com Reprinted with corrections May 2006 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to [email protected], or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. -
Contact Mechanics and Tribology Match
FEATURE ARTICLE Jeanna Van Rensselar / Contributing Editor Beneath the Why contact mechanics and tribology are a natural match KEY CONCEPTCONCEPTSS • CoContacntact mechanics iiss a sometimes oveoverlookedrlooked bbutut ccriticalritical asaspectpect of ttribology.ribology. • FriFrictionction rereductionduction iiss maximizmaximizeded by lleveragingeveraging the dydynaminamic bbetweenetween ssurfaceurface mmaterialaterial gengineeringg aandnd lublubricationrication genengineering. gineering. g. ••A Atetexturedxtured bbearinbearingg susurfacrface acts ass a lublubricantricant ,reservoirreservoir,, sstoringtoring daandnd ddispens-ispens- ing ththee llubricantubricant directly taatt ththee ppotinintt of ccontactontact wherwheree iitt makes mmostost ssense.ense. 52 • JULY 2015 TRIBOLOGY & LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY WWW.STLE.ORG surface: Leveraging both disciplines together can yield results neither can achieve alone. WHEN THE THEORY OF CONTACT MECHANICS WAS FIRST DEVELOPED IN 1882, lubricants were not factored into the equation at all. Experts say that may be due to the lack of powerful ana- lytical and numerical tools that necessitated simplicity.1 The omission of lubrication from contact mechanics theory was resolved four years later when Osborne Reynolds developed what is now known as the Reynolds Equation. It describes the pressure distribution in nearly any type of fluid film bearing. WWW.STLE.ORG TRIBOLOGY & LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY JULY 2015 • 53 Even with that breakthrough, how- WHY IS IT THE STRIBECK CURVE?4 ever, it was decades later before -
STUDY of ROTATIONAL FRETTING of QUENCHED and TEMPERED 4340 STEEL a Thesis Presented to the Academic Faculty by Paul Mathew in Pa
STUDY OF ROTATIONAL FRETTING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED 4340 STEEL A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty By Paul Mathew In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2013 Copyright © Paul Mathew 2013 STUDY OF ROTATIONAL FRETTING OF QUENCHED AND TEMPERED 4340 STEEL Approved by: Dr. Richard W. Neu, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jeffrey L. Streator, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Shreyes N. Melkote, Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: June 28, 2013 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Dr. Richard W. Neu for giving me the opportunity to carry out this thesis work under his guidance. His high level of patience and critical insights has resulted in the successful completion of this work. I would like to thank my co-advisor Dr. Ramkumar Oruganti from GE, for his constant guidance and support in defining and shaping this work and for being a good mentor. His inputs at critical junctures helped me stay the course. I would also like to thank Dr. K Anand for motivating me, by opening an avenue to carry out this work at GE and for sharing his initial thoughts on this subject. I would like to thank and acknowledge the experimental and characterization support received from Biju Dasan, T. Vishwanath and T. Shalini. Special thanks to Dr. -
Experimental Study and Verification of Wear for Glassreinforced Polymer
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: A Mechanical and Mechanics Engineering Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Experimental Study and Verification of Wear for Glass Reinforced Polymer using ANSYS By P. Prabhu, M. Suresh Kumar, Ajit Pal Singh & K. Siva Defence University, Ethiopia Abstract- The current design/manufacturing field looking for value added/engineering projects. In this study, an attempt has been aimed to predict the wear of the sliding surfaces in the development stage it self which will be results in the increase of durability of the components. The wear for a polymer-polymer sliding surface contact in dry condition can be obtained by creating simulation. There are two inputs required for determining the wear volume loss over its usage time. One is the nodal pressure value at the contact area for small sliding steps which can be calculated by subjecting the geometrical model to the finite element analysis. ANSYS was used as finite element tool. Another one is the friction coefficient which can be obtained by custom designed experiments. For the calculation of friction coefficient, prototype to be subjected to unlubricated pin-on-disc experimental setup. The wear rate can be calculated by graph by plotting between pressure and cycles. Swiveling of mirror over the base resulted in the wear. By the above techniques, the wear loss and reliability of the rear mirror can be predicted. Keywords: glass reinforced polymer, wear, sliding contact, CATIA and ANSYS. -
Fretting Fatigue Strength and Life Estimation Considering the Fretting Wear Process
Computer Methods and Experimental Measurements for Surface Effects and Contact Mechanics VII 81 Fretting fatigue strength and life estimation considering the fretting wear process T. Hattori, M. Yamashita & N. Nishimura Department of Mechanical and System Engineering, Gifu University, Japan Abstract In this paper we present the estimation methods of fretting wear process and fretting fatigue life using this wear process. Firstly the fretting-wear process was estimated using contact pressure and relative slippage. And then the stress intensity factor for cracking due to fretting fatigue was calculated by using contact pressure and frictional stress distributions, which were analyzed by the finite element method. The S-N curves of fretting fatigue were predicted by using the relationship between the calculated stress intensity factor range (∆K) with the threshold stress intensity factor range (∆Kth) and the crack propagation rate (da/dN) obtained using CT specimens of the material. Finally fretting fatigue tests were conducted on Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel specimens. The S-N curves of our experimental results were in good agreement with the analytical results obtained by considering fretting wear process. Using these estimation methods we can explain many fretting troubles in industrial fields. Key words: fretting fatigue, fretting wear, contact pressure, fracture mechanics, threshold stress intensity factor range, crack propagation rate, crack initiation, stress singularity parameters. 1 Introduction Fretting can occur when a pair of structural elements are in contact under a normal load while cyclic stress and relative displacement are forced along the contact surface. This condition can be seen in bolted or riveted joints [1,2], in the shrink-fitted shafts [3,4], in the blade dovetail region of turbo machinery [5,6], etc. -
Contact Mechanics
International Journal of Solids and Structures 37 (2000) 29±43 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijsolstr Contact mechanics J.R. Barber a,*, M. Ciavarella b, 1 aDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA bDepartment of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK Abstract Contact problems are central to Solid Mechanics, because contact is the principal method of applying loads to a deformable body and the resulting stress concentration is often the most critical point in the body. Contact is characterized by unilateral inequalities, describing the physical impossibility of tensile contact tractions (except under special circumstances) and of material interpenetration. Additional inequalities and/or non-linearities are introduced when friction laws are taken into account. These complex boundary conditions can lead to problems with existence and uniqueness of quasi-static solution and to lack of convergence of numerical algorithms. In frictional problems, there can also be lack of stability, leading to stick±slip motion and frictional vibrations. If the material is non-linear, the solution of contact problems is greatly complicated, but recent work has shown that indentation of a power-law material by a power law punch is self-similar, even in the presence of friction, so that the complete history of loading in such cases can be described by the (usually numerical) solution of a single problem. Real contacting surfaces are rough, leading to the concentration of contact in a cluster of microscopic actual contact areas. This aects the conduction of heat and electricity across the interface as well as the mechanical contact process.