Journal of Information and Computational Science ISSN: 1548-7741

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE WHOLE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE HUMILIS L.

1Kavitha A and 2Mary Kensa V

1. Reg. No: 17223152142006, P.G. Department of Botany and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil- 629002. M.S. University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627012, Tamil Nadu, India. Email.id: [email protected]. 2. PG and Research Department of Botany, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil – 629 002, Tamil Nadu. Email Id: surejkensa @gmail.com.

Abstract

The present study is carried out to explore the phytoconstituents present in the ethanolic extract of the whole plant R. humilis by GC-MS analysis method. The compounds are identified by the Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In this study R. humilis confirms the presence of 30 compounds. The most prevailing compounds are 3- (prop-2-enolyoxy) dodecane, benzene, 1, 4-dichloro, indene, 1-methylene, 3 tetradecene, caffeine, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-nonade canone 2,4, octadecanoic acid, oleic acid, eicosyl ester etc. The presence of phytoconstituents reveals the presence of medicinal value. The results of this study offer a platform of using R. humilis as herbal alternative for various diseases. This study forms a basis for the biological characterization and importance of the compounds identified.

Keywords:

Biological, Gas chromatography, phytoconstituents, Rivina humilis and medicinal value.

Introduction

During the twentieth century, when exploring the natural environmental, man has made great discoveries that have enabled him to use a considerable number of natural resources (Takhi et al., 2014). Herbal medicines are predominant ingredient derived from diverse parts of the with miscellaneous applications in pharmaceutical and herbal industry (Sheik et al., 2017). Medicinal plants are valuable therapeutic agents; both in modern and traditional medicine. (Krentz and Bailey, 2005) plants play a role in prevention and treatment of diseases and reduce the adverse effects of treatments (Bachrach, 2012). Throughout the world, they

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have been widely employed in all cultures, for the prevention and treatment of diseases (Huie, 2002). Tagboto and Townson, 2001; Evan, 2000, Cragg and Snadde., 2003). Plants are richest

sources of secondary metabolites with varying biological activities (Kumari et al., 2016). GC/MS can also be used in airport security to detect substances in luggage or on human beings ( Kensa and Neelamegam,2016).

There are numerous reports on the GCMS analysis studies on many plants and plant parts. These studies were undertaken to ascertain the presence of active biomolecules which have therapeutic activities (Jayapriya and Gricilda., 2015; Kanthal et al., 2014). Plants provide us with rich sources of natural antioxidants (Biswas et al. 2005) and so the phytochemical investigation on the extract of their main phytocompounds is very vital. Extraction is the main step for the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials, before component analysis (Karimi and Jaafar 2011).

Materials and Methods Collection of plant sample

Rivina humilis was collected from Nagercoil, Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India and authenticated by Botanist Dr. R. Murugan, BSI, Southern circle, Kovai. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of the Botanical survey of India Coimbatore: Herbarium code No. BSI/SRC/18/710-17/Tech.

Plant sample extraction

The whole plants were cleaned, shade dried and pulverized to powder in a mechanical grinder. Required quantity of powder was weighted and transferred to stoppered flask and treated with ethanol until the powder is fully immersed. The flask was shaken every hour for the first 6 hours and then it was kept aside and again shaken after 24 hours. This process was repeated for 3 days and then the extract was filtered. The final residue obtained was then subjected to GC-MS analysis (Sathiyabalan et al., 2014).

GC-MS Analysis

Gas chromatography (GC) analysis was carried out using Perkin Elmer clarus. SQSC gas chromatography equipped with capillary PTV injector. The chromatograph was fitted with

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DB.5 MS capillary standard nonpolar column (30 m  0.25 mm idos) film thickness 0.25 m). The injector temperature was set at 250C and the oven temperature was initially set at 70C.

Helium was used in carrier gas with the flow rate of 1 ml/min. One microliter of sample diluted with 1:4 injected in the split mode in the ratio of 1:12. The extract was identified based on the comparison of Retention time (RT) and their obtained mass spectra to NISI library data of the GC-MS system and literature data.

Interpretation on mass spectrum GC-MS was conducted using the database of National Institute of standard and Technology (NIST) having more than 62,000 paterns (Selvamangai and Bhaskar, 2012).

Results and Discussion

GC-MS is one of the best techniques to identify the constituents in plants. The GC-MS analysis of R. humilis stem revealed the presence of various compounds which have been listed in table 1 and figure 1.

Fig. 1:

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Table 1:

SI. Peak Compound name RT Activity No. area % 3-(Prop-2- 1 3.013 1.683 Antibacterial enoloxy)dodecane 2 Benzene,1,4-dichloro 4.404 0.424 Insecticide Antimicrobial, Antitumor 3 1H-Indene,1-methylene 6.970 0.724 anticoagulant 4 3-Tetradecene, € 9.781 0.435 Antioxidant

5 Myo-inositol,4-c-methyl 14.853 3.565 Antimicrobial Act as a central nervous system 6 Caffeine 18.660 1.357 stimulant, manage drowsiness headache Antifungal, antioxidant, 7 n-Hexadecanoic acid 21.145 9.603 hypocholesterolemic, nematicide, antimalarial, antifungal activity 8 Octadecanoic acid 24.897 10.204 Antioxidant Cyclohexane, 1,3,5- 9 21.826 0.881 Antioxidant activity trimethyl-2-octadecyl 10 Cis-13-octadecanoic acid 24.432 7.784 Antimicrobial activity Antiinflammatory activities, 11 9-Hexadeconic acid 30.139 0.432 anticancer effects, and antioxidant properties 12 9-octadecenyl ester (Z, Z) 30.239 0.432 Antioxidant, anticancer Hexadecanoic acid, 13 1(hydroxymethyl)-1,2- 30.724 0.457 Antibacterial, antifungal activity ethanedyl ester 7,8-Epoxylanostan-11-ol,3- 14 30.889 2.590 Antimicrobial activity acetoxy Antibacterial activity, Flavouring 15 Oleic acid, eicosyl ester 31.134 0.858 agents and surfactants hypolipidemic

The phytochemical compounds was confirmed based on the peak area, retention time. The results shows 3-(pro-2-enoloxy)dodecane, Benzene,14-Dichloro, 1H-Indene, 1- methylene, 3-Tetradecane (E), Myo-Inositol, 4-c-methyl, caffeine, n-Hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, cyclohexane, 1,3,4-trimethyl-2-octadecyl,cis-13-octadecanoic acid, 9-

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Hexadeconoic acid, 9-octadecenyl ester, (z,z)-, Hexadeconoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2- ethanediyl ester, 7,8-Epoxylanostan-11-ol, 3-acetoxy, oleic acid eicosyl ester.

Among the identified compound reported to have antimicrobial property were 1H-Indene, 1-methylene, Myo-inositol, 4-C-methyl, Cis-13-Octadecanoic acid, 7,8- Epoxylanostan-11-ol and 3-acetoxy compound. Benzene, 1,4-dichloro act as Insecticide. Caffeine reported to have an act as a central nervous system stimulant, manage drowsiness, headache. N-Hexadecanoicterolemic, nematicide, antifungal activity.Hexadecanoic acid has the property of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities (Bodoprost and Rosemeyer 2007) andlarvicidal effect (Falodun et al., 2009). In this present study related to AmzadHossain et al., (2013) reported the prescence of Hexadecanoic acid in the methanolic extract of of Thymus vulgaris. Investigation of ethanolic extract whole plant of Rivinahumilis has added a great deal in the field of phytochemistry with regard to its availability of phytochemical components and antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, nematicide, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activity, flavouring agents and surfactants Hypolipidemic activity.

Conclusion

Due to high cost of modern medicine and its side effects, there is a huge demand for herbal medicines. This study was focused on characterization of bioactive compounds of R. humilis by GC-MS analysis (Sridhar et al., 2016). However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting it to the biological activity will definitely give rich results. Therefore, it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.

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