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Research Report THE GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS OF GOODS: SIGNIFICANCE, IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AND NEEDED INITIATIVES FOR BANGLADESH RESEARCH REPORT DR. MOHAMMAD ABU YUSUF SEIKH RUKSANA BURHAN OCTOBER, 2015 Disclaimer: This Paper Represents the opinion of the authors, and is the product of an academic research. It is not meant to represent the position or opinions of the BFTI. The authors remain responsible for any errors or omissions. Contents Geographical Indication of Goods: Significance, Implementation Challenges and Needed Initiatives for Bangladesh .................................................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Background of the Study................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 Objective and Scope of the Study ................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Organization of the Study ............................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS ........................................................... 14 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Article 22 of TRIPs: General Standard of Protection for All GIs ................................................. 18 2.2.2 Article 23 of TRIPs: Additional Protection for GIs of Wines and Spirits ..................................... 19 2.2.3 Extension of the ambit of Article 23 .......................................................................................... 20 2.2.4 Article 24 of TRIPs: International Negotiations and Exceptions ................................................ 21 2.2.5 Exceptions to GI (Article 24)....................................................................................................... 23 2.3 GI as a concept- GI versus Trademark ........................................................................................... 23 2.3.1 Resolution of Conflict between GI and Trade Mark .................................................................. 24 2.3.2 Protection of GI under Trade Mark ............................................................................................ 25 2.4. When plant or animal are not eligible for GI ................................................................................ 25 2.5 GI v. Appellations of Origin (AO) .................................................................................................... 26 2.6 International Conventions Regarding GI and AO.......................................................................... 26 2.7 Homonymous GI/Joint GI ............................................................................................................... 28 2.7. 1 The PISCO Wine GI opposition resolved in India (Case on Homonymous GI!) ......................... 29 2.8 Different positions of Countries on GI issue.................................................................................. 30 2.9 Legal perspective of GI: EU Versus Others .................................................................................... 32 2.10 Proponents and opponents of GI ................................................................................................. 32 2.11 US versus EU interest in GI ........................................................................................................... 32 2.12 GI as a Tool of Development ......................................................................................................... 33 2.13 Problem Statement and Research Questions .............................................................................. 35 2.14 Rationale/Significance of the Study ............................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 3 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................. 38 3.1 Why qualitative research design .................................................................................................... 38 1 3.2 Sources of data ................................................................................................................................ 38 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS (GI AND BANGLADESH) ........................................................................................... 41 4.1 List of potential GI products and duration of GI registration ...................................................... 41 4.2 Economic rationale/Benefits of GI ................................................................................................. 50 4.2.1 GI helps to attract investments in rural areas ........................................................................... 51 4.3 Costs of GI/ General Costs to establish and operate a GI ............................................................. 52 4.3.1 Cost of GI registration ................................................................................................................ 53 4.4 GI and Bangladesh perspective ...................................................................................................... 55 4. 5 Problems in implementing GI law ................................................................................................. 57 4.6 Role of producers (growers)/private sector associations in GI registration, protection and quality control ....................................................................................................................................... 57 4.7 Role of DPDT in the implementation of GI Act, 2013 ................................................................... 59 4.8 Should producer associations opt for GI registration?................................................................. 61 4.9 Specification, Quality and Reputation, of Selected Potential GI goods of Bangladesh ............... 61 4.10 Management challenges in the implementations of GI Act, 2013 ............................................. 76 4.10.1 Challenge for Government and producers/growers/processor .............................................. 77 4.10.2 Monitoring of product - whether products meet specifications ............................................. 78 CHAPTER 5: CHALLENGES IN PROMOTING GI PRODUCTS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS .......................... 80 5.1 GI registration internationally ....................................................................................................... 80 5.2 Protection of Bangladeshi GIs abroad ........................................................................................... 80 5.3 What about Jamdani, Nakshikantha and Fazlee Aam already registered by India .................... 80 5.4 Should Bangladesh become a Signatory to Lisbon Agreement? .................................................. 81 5.5 Setting Bangladesh Position in the GI Extension Debate ............................................................. 83 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION LIMITATIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS ....................................................... 84 6.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................................ 84 6.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 84 6.3 Limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 89 6.4 Policy Implications .......................................................................................................................... 90 References ................................................................................................................................................... 92 List of Annexes ............................................................................................................................................ 98 Annex 1: Report on the Focus Group Discussion on Geographical Indication in Bangladesh ........ 98 Annex 2 Application for International Registration ......................................................................... 101 2 Annex 3: Steps Taken By India at International Level to Get Protection for Darjeeling Tea ........ 102 Annex 4: Role of Producer/Grower Organisations in the Guarantee System ................................ 104 Annex 5: Scotch whisky Case ............................................................................................................. 105 Annex 6: The Different Verification Systems .................................................................................... 108 Annex 7. Budweiser and Bud Beer Case ............................................................................................ 109 Annex 8: Method and Contents of A GI Delimitation Report .......................................................... 111 Annex 9: GI for FDI and Market Access: Phu Quoc (Fish
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