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Sikhs - Tracking the Journey

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Sikhs - Tracking the Journey Sikhs - Tracking the Journey Flourishment & Contribution in Birmingham & the Black Country #SikhHeritage My Story, Our Journey: Contents The Sikh Migration Project Sikhs by nature are Using additional research, we charted: how Sikhs: An Introduction... 4 the community established roots within visionary, courageous Britain; integrated as active members of Global Migration Map of the Sikhs: Since the 15th Century 6 explorers. Their hard work, society; overcame discrimination; and Maharaja Duleep Singh: The First Recorded Sikh Migrant 8 formally protected the Sikh identity. adaptability and discipline Princess Sophia: A First 1st Generation Sikh 9 led many to become Migration is an important theme for Physical Migration: Causes of Migration 10 Sikhs. We believe that we are all spiritual Physical Migration: Journey to the UK 11 assets in the world wars, migrants on this planet. Having travelled supporting the Allies to through a cycle of many births and deaths, Migration Timeline 12 we are navigating ourselves back home victory. Sikhs: Work and Professions 14 to our Creator. This project was helpful in They later went on to settle in the UK and allowing us to ponder on these reflections, Rivers of Blood...: An Era of Acceptable Discrimination 16 and appreciate how to respect the contributed to industrial development. Malcolm X: Support and Solidarity 17 Over the last 100 years, they have challenges, struggles and sacrifices that flourished. Today, Sikhs can be found all form part of this journey. Discrimination: Workplace 18 over the world and in all spheres of society, Obstacles + Support = Success: Purchasing a Gurudwara for the Community 19 From medicine, business and politics, to This project has been funded by the music, art and culture. Heritage Lottery Fund. We are indebted The Integration Process: Becoming British 20 to them for allowing us this opportunity Faith Reconnection: Practicing the Sikh Faith 21 to explore, and permanently record our “My Story, Our Journey” heritage. Empowerment: Protecting the Dastar (Turban) 22 is a project focused on Flourishment: Education and Recognition in the UK 23 We also acknowledge the extensive tracing the heritage of contributions of our volunteers, without Gurudwara: Spirituality and Worship 24 Sikh communities in whom we could not have achieved so The Sikh Home: Early Migrants Redefining Roles 28 Birmingham and the Black much in such little time. Our volunteers and contributors have added value and The Sikh Home: Family Life 29 Country. expertise to this project, that would not Sikh Women: Overcoming Male Pride 30 have been possible with the funding alone. Sikh Women: What A Difference A Few Decades Make 31 In this project we explored the journey from being humble migrants to becoming This booklet accompanies an exhibition, Holding onto Values: Story of a 1st Generation Sikh 32 successful, active participants and website and an educational toolkit. Holding onto Values: Where Are We Going? 33 contributors in the UK. The project The archives of this project will also be engaged first and second generation deposited in the Library of Birmingham, Building the Future: Life-enriching Values 34 Sikh migrants to record their life stories Sandwell Community History & Archives, and lessons learnt. We asked about and Dudley Archives. Lessons to be Learned: Experiences, Knowledge and Inspiration 36 their childhoods, their journeys and the Glossary 40 struggles they experienced on arrival into We take pride in the Sikh journey. the UK. We explored their motivations, Thank you to all of our contributors and References 41 strengths, values and how they established volunteers for helping us to preserve this Acknowledgements 42 themselves in a new country. unique element of our Sikh heritage. 2 3 required to wear the 5 Kakars (commonly In the UK, this was challenging, due to known as 5 Ks), (Kara, Kes, Kanga, the discrimination the Sikhs faced in Kachhera, and the Kirpan). Males (and early 1950s Britain. As we will explore some females) wear a ‘Dastar’ (turban). later, Sikhs had to fight for the protection These words are explained in our of their distinctive identity. glossary. The Sikh community originated around This identity was formalised to help Sikhs the state of Punjab in India. Whilst many remember their faith values, and also Sikhs came directly from these areas to ensure that Sikhs are visible within to the UK, others were twice migrants crowds, in order to support anyone in through Kenya, Uganda, Afghanistan and Sikhs - An Introduction need. other countries. Sikhs are not just a religious or faith These Sikhs had a mixture of educational The Sikh Dharam (faith or disciplined human life, in the presence of God. As group. They are described as an ethno- backgrounds. On arrival in the UK, way of life) was founded in 1469 by Sikhs, we are expected to continuously religious group because as a community however, many joined factories and Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first in a line pray, and serve God’s creation. We they share a common: history; cultural foundaries, engaging in manual labour of 10 consecutive Sikh Gurus who must be forgiving, loving, content, traditions; geographic origin; language and becoming part of the UK’s industrial established the faith. The faith teaches compassionate, humble, accountable and literature; are a minority within most labour workforce. that there is one God from whom we and generous to others. parts of the world. have all originated. Those who came with qualifications had A Sikh’s true identity is considered to Therefore, when Sikhs arrived in the to prove themselves, often starting from Practically the Sikh (or “learner”) is a be formed by the values and virtues by UK, the preservation of their language, the ground up. disciple of the Guru (spiritual teacher). which he or she lives. The values named cultural traditions, faith and literature In 1708, after the line of 10 Gurus ended, above reflect the kind of practices that was essential, along with their religious the Guruship was passed down to the Sikhs endeavoured to bring over to the UK practices and identity. sacred Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib as part of their heritage. The lessons of Ji. This scripture is revered as the eternal unity and interdependance are some of Guru of the Sikhs and can be found in the foundations for modern Sikhs in the “No matter where you go in the world, people every Gurudwara (Sikh place of worship). UK today. can steal your money A key teaching is the importance of Sikhs initiated into their faith have - but they can’t steal your education!” living an honest, honourable and worthy a distinct outward identity. They are Dr Jaswant Singh Sohal 4 5 Global Migration Map of the Sikhs Since the 15th Century Canada England USA Punjab, India East Africa Australia Guru Nanak Dev Ji travelled extensively during the Indian over to the UK in 1614, which suggests there the people of western side recognize their duty of large, long-standing, developed Sikh diasporas late 15th & early 16th centuries to spread teachings was trading between India and the UK. towards Thee.” around the world. to uplift humanity. The figure of Guru Nanak Dev Ji A verse written by Guru Gobind Singh Ji (the tenth This suggests that there may have been The purple threads are representative of the first making his journeys inspires Sikhs to reach out to, Sikh Guru), in praise of God, references the British opportunities for Sikhs from India to travel to known wave of mass migration. The blue threads and engage with people from different walks of life. and French & suggests awareness of European England around this time. are representative of the second wave of migration, His four known journeys are marked on this map by countries. mainly consisting of double migrants. the red thread, and four distinct styles of stitching. The 19th and 20th centuries saw the main waves “The people of France and England revere Thee, the of Sikh migration. The migration that took place The East India Company brought the first recorded inhabitants of Kandhaar and Quraishis know Thee; in these centuries has resulted in the formation 6 7 Maharaja Duleep Singh Princess Sophia The First Recorded Sikh Migrant A First 1st Generation Sikh Maharaja Duleep Singh, also known as Princess Sophia Alexandra Duleep After the war she joined the Suffragette Dalip Singh and later in life nicknamed Singh, was the daughter of Maharaja Fellowship led by Mrs Pankhurst. Sophia the Black Prince of Perthshire, was the Duleep Singh. She was one of the first, was a very active campaigner. After last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. He 1st generation Sikhs recorded in the Mrs Pankhurst’s death in 1928, she was was Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s youngest UK. Her godmother was Queen Victoria. appointed President of the Committee. son, the only child of Maharani Jind Princess Sophia remained a member of Kaur. She was born on the 8th August 1876 at the Suffragette Fellowship to the end of Belgravia in Suffolk. She could have had her life. Duleep Singh was exiled by the East India an easy life and spent her time enjoying Company to Britain in 1849, at the age of luxury. After returning to the UK with her father, 14, following the end of the 2nd Anglo- she wanted to support Sikhs who had Sikh war. However, on a trip to India she discovered fought in the wars. She helped them the legacy of her grandfather, Maharaja settle in the UK, find places to live and Duleep Singh was befriended by Queen Ranjit Singh, ‘the lion of Punjab’, who was helped them heal from the war. She Victoria who wrote to him, persuading beloved by all members of his kingdom. helped with war efforts, along with many him to come to live in Britain.
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