DOCSLIB.ORG

Faith and the State: a History of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Faith and the State: a History of Islamic Philanthropy in Indonesia FAITH AND THE STATE: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC PHILANTHROPY IN INDONESIA Amelia Fauzia Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2008 The Asia Institute The University of Melbourne ABSTRACT Zakat (almsgiving), sedekah (donation, giving) and waqf (religious endowment) are forms of philanthropy Muslims in Indonesia, as well as in other parts of the world practice. This thesis examines the historical development of Islamic philanthropy and questions how Islamic philanthropic activities have affected the relationship between faith and the state. It discusses a contestation between the state and Muslim civil society in managing Islamic philanthropy. The thesis shows that the history of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia is one of rivalry between faith and the state: between efforts to involve the state in managing philanthropic activities and efforts to keep them under the control of Muslim civil society which uses Islamic philanthropy to empower itself and to promote social change. Activities and efforts to modernise Islamic philanthropic practices have mostly been supported by Reformist Muslims in their aim to Islamise society and by Islamists who aim to Islamise the state. The interrelation between Muslim civil society and the state in the history of Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia is dynamic. It demonstrates a contested balance between private faith and the public realm, or between Muslim civil society and the state. From the time of the Islamic monarchs, through the period of Dutch colonialism and up to contemporary Indonesia, there have been different levels of development and interest in Islamic philanthropy, either from the rulers or from Muslim civil society. Philanthropy is an indication of the strength of civil society. Throughout Islamic Indonesian history, there has been a balance between the efforts to either keep philanthropy under the control of Muslims or to institutionalise it under state control. When the state was weak, philanthropy developed powerfully and was used to challenge the state. When the state was strong and powerful, Muslim civil society tended to weaken but still found ways to use philanthropic practices in the public sphere to promote social change. In modern-day Indonesia this pehomenon is very much still the practice. While state imposition of philanthropic practices, in particular zakat, has been contested, philanthropy remains a firm basis of civility. The thesis argues that although political circumstances influence the development of Islamic philanthropy, the state‘s i capacity to control it is sharply limited because Muslim philanthropic practice is generated by the altruistic and reciprocal nature of people. For the most part, Islamic philanthropy remains in the hands of Muslim civil society, irrespective of the political nature of the state. ii DECLARATION This is to certify that: • The thesis comprises only my original work towards the Ph.D. • Due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other materials used. • The thesis is less than 100,000 words in length, exclusive of tables, figures and bibliographies. Amelia Fauzia iii This thesis is dedicated to Amir, Elkana, and Farhan iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would not have been accomplished without the assistance of many people to whom I would like to extend my deep appreciation. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Prof. M.C. Ricklefs for his critical and thorough comments, enlightenment and guidance throughout my doctoral studies. I am greatly in debt to his generosity and to his passion to assist me even though he had left the University of Melbourne by the time of the confirmation of my PhD in January 2005. I am fortunate to have had a valuable opportunity to learn from his expertise. I am also indebted to my supervisors Associate Prof. Sander Adelaar, Prof. Arief Budiman, and Prof. Michael Leigh from the Asia Institute, the University of Melbourne, who provided great support and assistance in my study. Prof. Arief Budiman helped me to enrich my thesis through a sociological perspective; Prof. Leigh offered valuable comments on the first draft; and Associate Prof. Adelaar assisted my readings of Dutch materials and corrected the thesis draft in a thorough way. I am grateful to Dr. Adelaar for encouraging me to keep writing and for providing all possible research facilities to help me to finish the thesis. I would like to offer my sincere thanks to Prof. Tim Lindsey from the Law School of the University of Melbourne. Prof. Lindsey helped me to sharpen the argument of the thesis and commented on a few chapters. There are several people who in some way helped with my research and the writing of this thesis. I would like to gratefully acknowledge: Prof. Virginia Hooker, Prof. Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim, and Prof. Muhammad Khalid Mas‘ud who each commented on one of the chapters; Prof. Karel Steenbrink, Prof. Martin van Bruinessen, and Dr. Nico Kaptein who provided valuable discussions, advice and resource materials especially when I undertook my research in the Netherlands; Associate Prof. Michael Feener who provided valuable feedback and discussion at the 2007 Postgraduate Conference held by the Center for Islamic Law and Society; Prof. Anthony Reid who provided valuable analysis regarding the originality of a manuscript that relates to the thesis; Dr. Greg Fealy, Prof. Barry Hooker, Dr. Kathryn Robinson, Dr. Kate McGregor, and Prof. Azyumardi Azra all gave valuable comments and insight into my research; and Prof. Kathleen McCarthy from the Center of Philanthropy Indiana University for the inspiration. My study would not have been possible without support from my home institution, the State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Special thanks to Prof. Azra, previous Rector of UIN Jakarta, and Drs. Murni Djamal, MA, previous Director of the Center for Language and Culture (now Center for the Study of Religion and Culture--CSRC), for their encouragement and for allowing me to take four years‘ leave to pursue my PhD study. This study was also made possible due to generous financial support from various institutions. I would like to acknowledge: the Australian Development Scholarship which gave me a scholarship for the whole period of my doctoral study at the University of Melbourne; The Ford Foundation which awarded me funding for the research in the v Netherlands; the Asia Institute and Arts Faculty of the University of Melbourne which awarded me funding for research in Indonesia. The International Institute of Asian Studies (IIAS) Leiden and CSRC both provided me with facilities and generous assistance during my research in the Netherlands and Indonesia. I would like to extend my gratitude to all my colleagues in the center, in particular Karlina Helmanita and Chaider S. Bamualim, for their friendship and assistance. My fieldwork and data collection were enjoyable because of the assistance of many people: Idris Hemay (Jakarta), Eneng Solihah (Bandung), Siti Hidayah (Purworedjo and Yogyakarta), Masita Ilma (Jombang), and Nur Fitriatin (Surabaya) all offered generous help during my field research. Additional data after my fieldwork have been provided with the assistance of Idris Hemay, to whom I really appreciated. Special gratitude is extended to PhD colleagues in Leiden, Yuniyanti Chuzaifah, Moch Nur Ichwan, and Noorhaidi Hasan who not only assisted my stay in the Netherlands, but also gave valuable resources for my research. Staff of the University of Melbourne, including Prof. Abdullah Saeed (Director of Asia Institute), Lucia Wong (AusAid Liason Officer), Linda Poskitt, and Nadine Blair helped me to deal with various matters related to administration and study. Special thanks to Aline Scott-Maxwell, librarian at University of Melbourne and Monash University, the librarians at the inter-library loans desk at the University of Melbourne, at Monash University, and KITLV who were very helpful in obtaining materials for my study. My four year period of study at the Asia Institute was made more enjoyable because of the warm friendship and exchanges with other Postgraduate colleagues and friends: Nur Hidayah, Suaidi As‘ary, Masdar Hilmy, Marianne Lessels, Andi Ali Amiruddin, Anisa Buckley, Imran K. Lum, Correy Bell, Nina Nurmila, Arskal Salim, Luenne Choa, Irma Halim, Dina Afrianti, Dong Dong, Luthfi Asyyaukani, Dirk Tomsa, Anthony Garnaut, and Ludiro Madu. I would like to extend my appreciation to Corey Bell and Marianne Lessels for useful comments on a few chapters. My friends from De Carle Street and the Bugis group indeed gave colourful and happy memories of living in Melbourne. I would like to extend my gratitude to my parents, Prof. Dr. H. Ridlo Masduki and Hj. Thoyyibah, parents in law, Hj. Sokhimah and the late Kyai H. Mahbub, and all family members for their support and prayers. Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my husband, Amir Maruf, and my two wonderful boys, Elkana Alifi Maruf and Farhan Erucakra Maruf for their endless support, understanding and love. I am particularly indebted to Amir‘s vision, advice, and comments on my work, to Elkana‘s encouragement to finish my work and not lose hope and Farhan‘s cheerful and thoughtful support. Wa bihi nasta‘in ala umur al-dunya wa al-din. Melbourne, September 2008 Amelia Fauzia vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ____________________________________________________________ i DECLARATION _______________________________________________________ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS _________________________________________________
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Sustainability of Neighbourhood Masjid Development in Malaysia
    SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NEIGHBOURHOOD MASJID DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA TASSADUQ ABBAS MALIK UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NEIGHBOURHOOD MASJID DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA TASSADUQ ABBAS MALIK A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Architecture) Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia AUGUST 2017 iii DEDICATION “TO HUMANITY” iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many thanks and gratitude goes to Allah Subhanwataalah, The Almighty who gave me the will, courage and means for this endeavour. After the salutations to prophet Muhammad Sallallahu allaihiwassalam, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisor, Professor Dr. Mohd Hamdan Ahmad, whose advice, guidance and understanding in all situations ensured the completion of this study. I also appreciate the help and assistance of my research colleague, Samalia Adamu who always helped in keeping me on track. My doa and gratitude also goes to my parents whose training, discipline and doa made me the person who I am today. My heartfelt doa for my late wife, Dr Hajjah Zaliha Ismail, may Allah grant her high place in Jannatul Firdaus, without whom I wouldn’t be here today. I particularly appreciate the help, patience, tolerance and understanding of my wife Hajjah Noraini Hamzah, you made this thesis materialise. I thank and love you my children, Abu Turab and Dr Zille Zahra, my daughter in law Dr Nik Nurul Zilal and my granddaughter Naylaa Az Zahra, you all are my world. v FORWARD This researcher is deeply thankful and appreciates the respondents whose consent and permission to take photographs and publish it in this thesis have remarkably assisted in enriching the research findings by providing a true representation of the research.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—House H2113
    March 19, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H2113 a Support Our Troops rally or a reserv- government. And one can just project, through the ceiling. So it is obvious ist center and say, ‘‘Congressman, I if we continue to spend two and three that sooner or later, and I hope sooner will take my $90,000 tax cut now, and I and sometimes four times the rate of for the sake of our children and our don’t care if veterans have to stand in inflation, then government takes over; grandchildren, that we have to bring longer lines, have shortages of beds or and instead of empowering people in our spending into line so that this can’t get into VA hospitals tomorrow.’’ the United States, instead of empow- curve does not continue to keep going We all want to engage in shared sac- ering businesses to encourage them to up and up and up and soak up more and rifice. We are at a critical time in our expand and develop and offer better more of our gross domestic product. Nation’s history. Our first obligation and more jobs, government has been at has to be to our seniors and those the feeding trough to use more of those Now, I would like to for a few mo- fighting for our freedom in Iraq and dollars by increasing taxes across the ments turn our attention to another other dangerous places in the world. country. curve, another set of curves, and these We cannot cut their beds, their budg- How do we deal with a situation curves are just some detail-building on ets; we cannot balance tax cuts on where we have made our taxes so pro- the curve that the gentleman showed their backs.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic Violence in Papua New Guinea
    - ;. ..,. DOl11estic . Violence In··,~ Papua New Guinea PAPUA NEWGUINEA Monogroph No.! ~l ------~-------------~~I I ! DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN ![ P APUA NEW GUINEA i Monograph No. 3 I DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA Edited by SUSAN TOFT Law Reform Commission of Papua New Guinea Monograph No. 3 1 v For the women, and men, of l'apua New Guinea Copyright © 1985 by the Law Reform Commission and the several authors, each in respect of the paper contributed by him/her. See the table of contents for the full list of such copyright owners and the papers in respect of which they are the copyright owners. ISBN 9980 55 001 5 published by the Papua New Guinea Law Reform Commission, Port Moresby. Printed by Colorcraft Ltd., Hong Kong. Cover by Edwin Kouvali, National Arts School, incorporating a design of figures by Alphonse Miai previously published in Asimba by the Expressive Arts Department of Sogeri National High School, 1975. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA PREFACE /IL;\iW"kEFORM COMMISSION OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA COMMISSIONERS In response to a Reference from the Minister for Justice, the Law Reform J oseph Faupugu Aisa, Acting Chairman Commission has investigated the problem of dc.mestic violence in Papua New Guinea. Two extensive surveys, one rural and the other urban, have been Roy Tiden completed and results published in Occasional Papers Nos. 18 and 19. The Lepani Watson Immaculata Kereku survey reports contain mainly quantitative material, so the papers in this Robert Lak monograph, which bring a qualitative aspect to the collection and analysis of AlIan Marat data, add depth and enable a broader perspective on the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo
    JMSNI (Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration), 3 (2), 71-79 | E-ISSN: 2579-9215 Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo Yety Rochwulaningsih,*1 Noor Naelil Masruroh,2 Fanada Sholihah3 1Master and Doctoral Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of History Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University, Indonesia 3Center for Asian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v3i2.6291 Abstract This article examines the triumph of the maritime world of South Borneo and Received: the construction of a cosmopolitan society as a result of the trade diaspora and November 8, 2019 the mobility of nations from various regions. A “liquid” situation has placed Banjarmasin as a maritime emporium in the archipelago which influenced in Accepted: the 17th century. In fact, the expansion of Islam in the 16th to 17th centuries December 8, 2019 in Southeast Asia directly impacted the strengthening of the existing emporium. Thus, for a long time, Banjarmasin people have interacted and even Corresponding Author: integrated with various types of outsiders who came, for example, Javanese, [email protected] Malays, Indians, Bugis, Chinese, Persians, Arabs, British and Dutch. In the context of the maritime world, the people of South Borneo are not only objects of the entry of foreign traders, but are able to become important subjects in trading activities, especially in the pepper trade. The Banjar Sultanate was even able to respond to the needs of pepper at the global level through intensification of pepper cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tradition Concept in Kauman Yogyakarta Settlement As a Representation of Javanese Cultural Values
    Arts and Design Studies www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-6061 (Paper) ISSN 2225-059X (Online) Vol.21, 2014 Tradition Concept in Kauman Yogyakarta Settlement As A Representation of Javanese Cultural Values Cama Juli Rianingrum 1* Dr. AgusSachari, MSn 2. Dr. Pribadi Widodo, MSn. 3 1. Lecturer: Faculty of Arts and Design of Trisakti University, Jakarta-Indoneisa, PO Box 11440 Jakarta - Indonesia 2. Faculty of Arts and Design of Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung-Indonesia 3. Faculty of Arts and Design of Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung-Indonesia *E-mail of the corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The Kauman settlement in Yogyakarta is an urban village settlement that is almost three centuries old and located at the heart of the Yogyakarta business and tourism center. The settlement was founded in 1775 by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I as housing facility for the abdi dalem (palace employees) on religious affairs. The settlement has undergone many changes influenced by politics, power and globalization that eventually brought modernization to the settlement. Starting from 1912, the settlement began to be strongly influenced by Muhammadiyah organization. Even though the Kauman settlement is now an open community and no longer part of the palace bureaucracy, its people still practice the way of life based on Javanese cultural values supported by piety in practicing Islamic rules in daily life from generation to generation. The Kauman settlement today exist authentically as both a Muslim society and part of the Javanese traditional culture. This authenticity is visible in the settlement layout and the buildings within, which reflect a calm and cozy urban village settlement with its own characteristics amidst the business and tourism center of Yogyakarta.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microrilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9427765 Urban family structure in late antiquity as evidenced by John Chrysostom O'Roark, Douglaa Alan, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1994 Copyright ©1994 by O'Roark, Douglas Alan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literature of Kita Morio DISSERTATION Presented In
    Insignificance Given Meaning: The Literature of Kita Morio DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Masako Inamoto Graduate Program in East Asian Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Professor Richard Edgar Torrance Professor Naomi Fukumori Professor Shelley Fenno Quinn Copyright by Masako Inamoto 2010 Abstract Kita Morio (1927-), also known as his literary persona Dokutoru Manbô, is one of the most popular and prolific postwar writers in Japan. He is also one of the few Japanese writers who have simultaneously and successfully produced humorous, comical fiction and essays as well as serious literary works. He has worked in a variety of genres. For example, The House of Nire (Nireke no hitobito), his most prominent work, is a long family saga informed by history and Dr. Manbô at Sea (Dokutoru Manbô kôkaiki) is a humorous travelogue. He has also produced in other genres such as children‟s stories and science fiction. This study provides an introduction to Kita Morio‟s fiction and essays, in particular, his versatile writing styles. Also, through the examination of Kita‟s representative works in each genre, the study examines some overarching traits in his writing. For this reason, I have approached his large body of works by according a chapter to each genre. Chapter one provides a biographical overview of Kita Morio‟s life up to the present. The chapter also gives a brief biographical sketch of Kita‟s father, Saitô Mokichi (1882-1953), who is one of the most prominent tanka poets in modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • More Than 50 Years of Trade Rule Discrimination on Taxation: How Trade with China Is Affected
    MORE THAN 50 YEARS OF TRADE RULE DISCRIMINATION ON TAXATION: HOW TRADE WITH CHINA IS AFFECTED Trade Lawyers Advisory Group Terence P. Stewart, Esq. Eric P. Salonen, Esq. Patrick J. McDonough, Esq. Stewart and Stewart August 2007 Copyright © 2007 by The Trade Lawyers Advisory Group LLC This project is funded by a grant from the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). SBA’s funding should not be construed as an endorsement of any products, opinions or services. All SBA-funded projects are extended to the public on a nondiscriminatory basis. MORE THAN 50 YEARS OF TRADE RULE DISCRIMINATION ON TAXATION: HOW TRADE WITH CHINA IS AFFECTED TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 I. U.S. EXPORTERS AND PRODUCERS ARE COMPETITIVELY DISADVANTAGED BY THE DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE .............................................. 2 II. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT OF INDIRECT AND DIRECT TAXES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE WITH RESPECT TO BORDER ADJUSTABILITY................................................................. 21 A. Border Adjustability of Taxes ................................................................. 21 B. 18th and 19th Century Examples of the Application of Border Tax Adjustments .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor: Hk.01.07/Menkes/44/2019 Tentang Tim Kesehatan Haji Indonesia Tahun 1440 H/2019 M
    KEPUTUSAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR: HK.01.07/MENKES/44/2019 TENTANG TIM KESEHATAN HAJI INDONESIA TAHUN 1440 H/2019 M DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA, Menimbang : bahwa dalam rangka pelaksanaan tugas pembinaan, pelayanan, dan perlindungan kesehatan bagi jemaah haji di kelompok terbang (kloter), perlu menetapkan Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan tentang Penetapan Tim Kesehatan Haji Indonesia Tahun 1440 H/2019 M. Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 116, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4431); 2. Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 60, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4845) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 2009 tentang Penetapan Paraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2009 tentang Perubahan atas - 2 - Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji menjadi Undang-Undang (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 110, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5036); 3. Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 144, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5063); 4. Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2014 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 298, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Jamalie, Reviewing Religious Classic Manuscript PJAEE, 17 (2) (2020) REVIEWING RELIGIOUS CLASSIC MANUSCRIPT FROM INDONESIAN SOUTH BORNEO PERSPECTIVE Zulfa Jamalie Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari, Jl. A. Yani Km. 4,5 Banjarmsin, South Kalimantan 70235, Indonesia. [email protected] Zulfa Jamalie. Reviewing Religious Classic Manuscript from Indonesian South Borneo Perspective. – Palarch’s Journal of Archaralogy of Egypt/Egyptogy 17(2), 90-97. ISSN 1567-214X Keywords: Manuscripts, Islamic scholars, Nur Muhammad contribution, Sheikh Ahmad Syamsuddin al- Banjari. ABSTRACT This paper reviews a highly valued, original, classic religious reading text, written by Islamic scholars in Indonesia, South Borneo. The existence of the manuscript reflects the intellectual capacity of Indonesian Islamic scholars in the past and also the tradition of knowledge transmission. The religious written work has been a significant material to be examined, in order to study the history, influence, and contributions to the present Islamic knowledge. One of the manuscripts is Nur Muhammad’s Story, the classic one written by a Banjarese Islamic scholar named Sheikh Ahmad Syamsuddin al-Banjari (1618-1680). This manuscript described scientifically the ways of thinking and the development of Islamic studies in South Borneo (Banjarmasin). Besides Aceh, Palembang and Banten, Banjarmasin is also an important point of reference where the birth of religious works took place in the 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries, respectively. Banjamasin has since then become an important reference for understanding the development of Islamic studies in Indonesia. Unfortunately, limited data, contrived codification efforts, and small number of studies related to religious readings in this region have resulted in the poor spread of publications on this important information.
    [Show full text]
  • DIVIDENDS-2018-01-Hidden Taxes
    Dividend Newsletter Vaughn Warrington CFP, FMA / 905-309-9990 2018-01 Hidden Taxes One aspect I love about my career is the constant flow of information and the changes that occur, sometimes daily. Honestly, I wish that some of the daily stuff would be more like weekly; but all in all it makes life very interesting. The US came off a great year for equities as represented by the S&P500 index, up +21.83%. As we finish the first month of January, it was up +5.7% already. The Canadian index, represented by the TSX Composite was negative -1.6%. This all in the face of oil climbing into US$64/barrel. The reality of the per barrel price is not really true for Canadian oil as it is so expensive to transport said oil (not enough pipelines), so firms in Canada are seeing US$27.70/barrel for Western Canadian Select - March contracts. I have done a 50% re-write to my 7 year old Dividends Rule ebook, using up to date data, revised charts and commentary. All can be found on my website or by clicking here. The really big news...Dividend growing companies continue to rule the roost. I have updated the international side of the book as well as the incorporation of “Alternatives” into the discussion. Take a peak and at least read up to the first 5 rules. I think you will find it insightful. Staying on this US domination, I focus on the Hidden Taxes and their impacts upon companies in the article below.
    [Show full text]
  • STATES and LOCAL LEGAL CULTURES in MEDIEVAL ISLAM a Comparative Study of Akbar’S Mughal Rule and Sultan Agung’S Mataram in 16Th and 17Th Century1
    Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies - ISSN: 0126-012X (p); 2356-0912 (e) Vol. 54, no. 1 (2016), pp. 33-57, doi: 10.14421/ajis.2016.541.33-57 STATES AND LOCAL LEGAL CULTURES IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM A Comparative Study of Akbar’s Mughal Rule and Sultan Agung’s Mataram in 16th and 17th Century1 Noor Achmad;* Nanang Nurcholis** *, ** Wahid Hasyim University, Semarang, Indonesia email: [email protected] Abstract This study seeks to expand the horizon of existing literatures on the dialectic of religion, legal culture and local dynamics by comparing two great Muslim rulers in two different parts of the world in the first Islamic millennium: Mughal Emperor Akbar and Mataram’s Sultan Agung. It specifically aims to analyze historical accounts on the dynamic relations between Islamic norms and local culture with corresponding results of distinctive ways of ruling by these two great rulers. While both rulers Akbar and Sultan Agung shared similar concerns in political imagination, their difference was particularly shown in the representation of religion in the courts’ political and legal culture, with the latter was heavily determined by different challenges they faced during their rule. This paper argues that a comparative overview of these two great figures, who ruled in different parts of the world and at rather successive periods, would be beneficial for the studies of religion-culture relations in flagging the 1 This article is an elaboration of our previous research on “Dialectic of Religion and Culture: A Comparison of Emperor Akbar’s Spiritualism Din-i-Ilahi and Sultan Agung’s Manunggaling Kawula Gusti that we conducted with Prof.
    [Show full text]