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Podoces 2 2 Large White-Headed Gulls in Iran2

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Podoces 2 2 Large White-Headed Gulls in Iran2 Podoces, 2007, 2(2): 143–145 Short Communication A Note on Large White-headed Gulls in Iran DEREK A. SCOTT Castletownbere Post Office, Castletownbere, Co. Cork, Ireland. Email: [email protected] Received 21 January 2007; accepted 31 October 2007 ﻛﺎﻛﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻛﺎﻳﻲ ﭘـﺸﺖ ﺳـﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﭼـﻚ Larus fuscus ، ﻛﺎﻛـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﻣﻨـﻲ L. armenicus ، ﻛﺎﻛـﺎﻳﻲ ﭘـﺎﺯﺭﺩ L. cachinnans ﻭ ﻛﺎﻛﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮﻱ L. heuglini ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻛﺎﻛﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻘﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ L. argentatus ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ، ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ , ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺛﻖ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ . Taxonomic treatment In the Persian edition of A Guide to the The Birds of Iran published in Persian in 1975 Fauna of Iran, Firouz (2000) followed Porter et (Scott et al. 1975) recognised only two common al. (1996) in recognising Armenian Gull L. species of large white-headed gull in Iran, armenicus and Yellow-egged Gull L. Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus and cachinnans as separate species and including Herring Gull L. argentatus , following Vaurie heuglini and the weakly defined taimyrensis in (1965) and Hüe & Etchécopar (1970), two of Lesser Black-backed Gull L. fuscus . However, the principal reference works in use in the in his Field Guide to the Birds of Iran published Middle East at that time. These authors in Persian in 2001, Mansoori (2001) continued restricted Lesser Black-backed Gull to the two to use the name Herring Gull L. argentatus for very dark mantled forms breeding in Europe, the pale-backed forms armenicus and nominate fuscus and graellsii , and included all cachinnans , although he followed Porter et al. the paler mantled west Asian forms, including (1996) in including heuglini and taimyrensis armenicus , cachinnans , heuglini and within L. fuscus . In the revised edition of taimyrensis , in the Herring Gull ( argentatus ) Firouz’s book published in English in 2005 complex. Thus, when the waterbird counts of (Firouz 2005), separate treatment was given to the Iran Department of the Environment were the dark-mantled form heuglini to give four expanded to include gulls in the early 1970s, all common species of large white-headed gull in large white-headed gulls were identified as Iran: Lesser Black-backed Gull L. fuscus , either Herring Gulls or Lesser Black-backed Armenian Gull L. armenicus , Yellow-legged Gulls. Birds with pale mantles ( cachinnans , Gull L. cachinnans , and Heuglin’s (or Siberian) armenicus and taimyrensis ) were listed under Gull L. heuglini . This was the treatment that the name ‘Herring Gull’, and birds with very was adopted by Scott & Adhami (2006) in their dark, almost black mantles ( fuscus ) were recent checklist of the birds of Iran. In this confidently assigned to ‘Lesser Black-backed treatment, Lesser Black-backed Gull is confined Gull’, but intermediate birds with dark grey to nominate fuscus from the Baltic and mantles (comparable to the grey of graellsii ) Scandinavia (often known as Baltic Gull), were problematical. These birds, now assumed Yellow-legged Gull (or Caspian Gull) includes to be heuglini , were often assigned to ‘Lesser nominate cachinnans and barabensis , and Black-backed Gull’ and account for the Heuglin’s Gull (or Siberian Gull) includes relatively high counts of this species in Iran in nominate heuglini and taimyrensis . Given the the 1970s. It was clear, however, that the difficulty in separating barabensis from nominate form of the Lesser Black-backed cachinnans and taimyrensis from heuglini in the Gull, with its almost black mantle, was a very field, this would seem to be the most useful scarce bird in Iran. treatment of the large white-headed gulls in Iran at the present time. However, it would be more 143 Short Communications appropriate to use the name Caspian Gull for L. birds were recovered in Mazandaran in the cachinnans , as many modern authors use the southeast Caspian and the other two in Tehran name Yellow-legged Gull for the Province and central Khorasan, respectively. michahellis/atlantis group (which is very Raffael Aye (pers. comm.) found only nominate unlikely to occur in Iran). cachinnans in the southeast Caspian in The name ‘Pontic Gull’ has recently been February/March 2001, and of 1,133 large white- used for L. cachinnans , but this name is best headed gulls recorded in this area during the used for the weakly defined form ‘ ponticus ’, mid-winter waterbird counts in January 2004, which is confined as a breeding species to the 1,122 were thought to be nominate cachinnans Black Sea. Rudenko (2006) has recently and only 11 were heuglini (Meininger P.L. & reviewed the ringing recoveries of Pontic Gulls M. Zekhuis unpubl. data). ringed in the Crimea and has shown that the The first ornithologist to look closely at great majority of adults and most juveniles wintering gulls in southern Iran on the basis of remain in the Black Sea throughout the year. the modern taxonomy was probably C. Most of those birds that do migrate move Richardson who looked at the large gulls on southwest to the eastern Mediterranean or Qeshm Island in December 1999 (C. northwest towards the North Sea. There have Richardson pers. comm.). He recorded 50+ been only two recoveries of Crimean Pontic Heuglin’s Gulls L. heuglini , 220+ Caspian Gulls in the Caspian region, and these were in Gulls L. cachinnans , including many of the Astrakhan (Rudenko 2006). Thus it seems form barabensis , and a few dark-backed birds unlikely that Pontic Gulls occur with any believed to be Lesser Black-backed Gulls L. regularity in Iran. fuscus of the nominate form (Baltic Gull). Keijl et al. (2001) identified 168 Caspian Gulls, 51 Status of species in Iran Heuglin’s Gulls and two possible Armenian The only large white-headed gulls that are Gulls on the south coast of Iran in known to breed in Iran are those breeding on January/February 2000, and thought that these islands in Lake Urumiyeh in Azerbaijan. These were the only large white-headed gulls present. are now known to be Armenian Gulls L. However, Dubois (2003), who visited the armenicus – a form that was only recognised as Persian Gulf and Baluchestan in a full species in the 1980s (Grant 1987) and February/March 2001, concluded that most of which is confined as a breeding species to a the Caspian Gulls wintering on the south coast small number of lakes in Armenia, Georgia, of Iran were of the form barabensis rather than eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran. The total nominate cachinnans . Of 180 ‘light grey- breeding population at Lake Urumiyeh was backed gulls’ checked carefully, 157 were estimated at 4,000–5,000 pairs in the early thought to be barabensis and only 23 were 1970s (Scott 1995). Most of these birds vacate thought to be nominate cachinnans . Two of the the breeding grounds in autumn and are thought latter were considered to be of the western form to winter mainly in the east Mediterranean and ‘ponticus ’. In addition, Dubois found about 300 perhaps northern Red Sea, with a few birds also Heuglin’s Gulls including some relatively light- reaching the Persian Gulf (Snow & Perrins backed individuals which were close to 1998). A bird ringed as a chick at the Lake taimyrensis . Over 7,500 large white-headed Urumiyeh colony was recovered in winter in gulls were identified on the south coast of Iran Mesopotamia, Iraq (Butti 1978). during the very comprehensive mid-winter There can be little doubt that most of the waterbird counts in January 2004 (Hornman M. gulls wintering in the south Caspian region are & H. van Diek unpubl. data, van Winden E. & nominate cachinnans (Caspian Gull). By the B. Oosterbaan unpubl. data, Willems F. & R. end of 1975 there had been at least 33 Felix unpubl. data). These included 33 recoveries in Iran of ‘Herring Gulls’ that had Armenian Gulls (mostly in Khuzestan), 4,957 been ringed abroad (Argyle 1975, 1976). All Caspian Gulls (mostly in the Persian Gulf), had been ringed at breeding colonies of 2,538 Heuglin’s Gulls (the commonest gull in nominate cachinnans : 30 at colonies on the southern Baluchestan), and only five Lesser Caspian coast in the Republic of Azerbaijan and Black-backed (Baltic) Gulls (all in Hormuzgan three at Tengiz Lake in Kazakhstan. Thirty-one Province). 144 Podoces, 2007, 2(2): 143–145 This recent work on the south coast of Iran REFERENCES agrees reasonably well with the findings of Yésou & Hirschfeld (1997) in Bahrain in Argyle F.B. 1975. Report on Bird-Ringing in Iran December 1992. These authors were able to 1970 to 1974. Department of the Environment, identify about 1,300 birds to subspecies, and Tehran, 78 pp. Argyle F.B. 1976. Report on Bird Ringing in Iran found about 1,000 nominate cachinnans , 166 1975. Department of the Environment, Tehran, probable barabensis , 35 heuglini , 80 52pp. ‘taimyrensis ’, one possible armenicus and Butti S.G. 1978. Recoveries of Bird Rings from Iraq. seven or eight nominate fuscus . Bulletin of Natural History Research Centre 7(2): 27–28. Conclusion Dubois P.J. 2003. On the Large Gulls of the To sum up, the Armenian Gull L. armenicus Southern Coast of Iran. Sandgrouse 25(2): 144– breeds commonly in the Urumiyeh basin in 145. northwestern Iran and winters largely outside Firouz E. 2000. A Guide to the Fauna of Iran . Iran Iran although a few birds have been recorded University Press, Tehran, 491 pp. [In Persian]. Firouz E. 2005. The Complete Fauna of Iran . I.B. along the Persian Gulf coast in winter.
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