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Home , Ahilyabai Holkar, Dewas Junior, Dewas Senior, Holkar, Indore State, Malhar Rao Holkar

“ DYNASTY”

‘Gyaan Marg’ is going to introduce a new fully revised edition of absolutely according to new syllabus with many more things. In between Gyaan Marg is catering you some glimpses.

So today’s chapter is–

‘HOLKAR DYNASTY’

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HOLKAR DYNASTY

The dynasty was founded by , who joined the service of the of the Empire in 1721 and quickly rouse to the rank of Subedar.

In 1726, Ranoji Rao (founder of Gwalior house) along with Malhar Rao Holkar and the Pawars (founder of the house of Junior and ) were authorized by the Baji Rao Ballad to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in . In 1726-30, Malhar Rao led Maratha armies in Malwa region and in 1733 he was granted 9 parganas in the vicinity of Indore by the Peshwa. The township of Indore had already existed as an independent principality established by Nandlal Mandloi of Kampel.  Did You Know –

Nandlal Mandloi was the chief of zamidars of Kampel (Indore). He was the one who controlled the Indore area in early 18th Century with his people and an army, numbering about 2000.

He established and developed Indore as a group of villages, the place was then known as Indrapuri (after the name of Lord Indreshwar Mahadev Temple) renamed as Indrapur. The city subsequently been called as Indur during the Maratha period and later as Indore during the British Era.

In 1733-34, Nandlal Mandloi was defeated by Maratha forces and allowed them to camp across the Kahan River. In 1734, Malhar Rao Holkar established a camp later called Malhar Ganj. In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace, the . It was completed in 1766. This seven storied structure exhibits the blend of Maratha styles. By the time of his death in 1766, he ruled much of Malwa and was acknowledged as one of the five virtually independent rulers of Maratha confederacy.

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Rajwada Palace

 Khanderao Holkar He was the only son of Malhar Rao and he was heir apparent to his father from 1734. He had 10 wives including , and had one son Malerao Holkar. In 1754, on the behest of Mughal Emperor Ahmed Shah, Khanderao laid the seize of Kumbher Fort () of Jat of . Khanderao was inspecting his troops on an open palanquin in the Battle of Khumber when was hit and killed by Cannonball from the Jat army. In Khanderao’s honour, Jat Maharaja Surajmal built a Chattri on his cremation spot at Kumbher near . After his death in 1754, 9 of his 10 wives committed but his father Malhar Rao prevented his first wife Ahilya bai from committing sati. Malhar Rao died in 1766 then his grandson Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore under the regentship of Ahilya bai, but he was mentally unwell and died of his illness within few months in 1767, then Ahilya bai became the ruler of Indore.

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 Ahilya Bai Holkar (1767-1795) Ahilya Bai petitioned the Peshwa to take over the administration herself. Some in Malwa objected to her assumption of rule but Holkar army supported her leadership. The Peshwa granted her permission in Dec. 1767. Then she started ruling Malwa with his trusted commander Tukoji Rao Holkar, also a grand nephew and adopted son of Malhar Rao Holkar. She moved the capital to and proceeded to rule Malwa in most enlightened manner. She daily met public and was accessible to anyone who needed her. Along with it, she also did lot of construction at Maheshwar. Even outside the Malwa, she built dozens of temples, and rest houses. In 1770, she re-established Indore from a township to a prosperous and beautiful city. Gradually she got fame and people gave her name Lokmata Rajmata. To honour the memory of Ahilya Bai Holkar, in 1996 Madhya Pradesh govt. instituted an award in her name. Notable works –  Ahilya at .  Ahilya Fort at Maheshwar  Ahilya Temple or Ahilyeshwar temple at Maheshwar.  River front ghats at Maheshwar.  Maheshwar fort and Royal Palace of Maheshwar.

Maheshwar Fort

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 Mausoleum of Ahilya bai is also situated at Maheshwar.

Note : State Govt. has constructed a memorial of Devi Ahilya Bai at Indore.

Devi Ahilya Bai Memorial

 Some part and alteration of the , and Vishnupad Temple in Gaya were done by Ahilya Bai.

Note : Former Lok Sabha Speaker and Padma Bhushan laureate wrote a book Matoshree as a life sketch of Lok Mata Ahilya Bai.

Ahilya bai died in 1795, her age is remembered as a golden age in the history of Malwa. Ahilya Bai was succeeded by her commander and nephew Tukoji Rao Holkar. He was grand nephew of Malhar Rao Holkar who was adopted by him. After the demise of Ahilya Bai Holkar, Tokoji Rao was the only suitable person who could preserve the splendor of Holkar Kingdom intact. He became the ruler of Kingdom for a short period and protected the province as a courageous soldier. The credit of all triumphant that Devi Ahilya enjoyed during her regime actually goes to Tukoji Rao Holkar. After the defeat of Holkar rulers in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, an agreement was signed on 6th of Jan 1818 with British and the became British . The Holkar dynasty was able to continue to rule Indore as a . The capital was moved from Maheshwar to Indore on 3rd of Nov. 1818 and the Indore residency was established in the city as a capital.

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 Yashwant Rao Holkar-II (1926 to 28th of May 1948) He was the last maharaja of Holkar State. On 11th of August 1947, he signed the to . Indore state was included in the Union of on 28th of May 1948. He served as a second Rajpramukh until 31st of Oct. 1956, when the state was merged into Madhya Pradesh.

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