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Habitat Management Plan for the Proposed Turtle Beach Protected Area

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Habitat Management Plan for the Proposed Turtle Beach Protected Area HABITAT SUITABILITY MODEL Nesting Requisites Functional Processes Suitability Values (impact of environmental stewards) (waste load SI Human Human Impact generated) Impact SIH (beach visitation levels) HSI (availability of open spaces) Conservation Zone (beach SI conservation Zone characteristics ) SIc (beach visitation levels) Habitat Management Plan for the proposed Turtle Beach Protected Area A Framework for Action Edited by Farhan Anwar A Project of Shehri—CBE Funded by the Global Environment Facility Programme under the auspices of the United Nations Development Programme, Pakistan July 2005 Habitat Management Plan for the proposed Turtle Beach Protected Area A Framework for Action (1) CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4 2. PROTECTED AREAS: HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT, ISSUES AND CONCERNS ................................................................................................................................ 5 2.1. PROTECTED AREAS: CONSERVING NATURE ........................................................................ 5 2.2. DEFINING A “PROTECTED AREA” ........................................................................................ 5 2.3. HISTORIC MILESTONES IN PROTECTED AREAS DEVELOPMENT .......................................... 6 2.3.1. Convention on biological diversity ....................................................................... 7 2.3.2. Protected areas and the global environment facility .................................... 8 2.4. PROTECTED AREAS: BENEFITING HUMANITY ..................................................................... 9 2.5. PROTECTED AREAS UNDER THREAT ................................................................................... 11 3. SANDSPIT/HAWKSBAY BEACHES/ADJACENT CREEKS COASTAL ECOSYSTEM: POTENTIAL FOR PROTECTED AREA STATUS ......................... 14 3.1. THE PROPOSED TURTLE BEACH PROTECTED AREA .......................................................... 14 3.1.1. Location ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2. Description of site .................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3. Climatic conditions................................................................................................... 15 3.1.4. Physical features ...................................................................................................... 15 3.1.4.1. Hawksbay beach ........................................................................................................... 15 3.1.4.2. Sandspit beach .............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.5. The Ecosystems – Flora and fauna ................................................................... 17 3.1.5.1. Seashore – beaches and cliffs ................................................................................. 17 3.1.5.2. Backwaters, mangroves and mud flats ................................................................ 17 3.1.5.3. Saltpans and low-lying salt effected areas ......................................................... 18 3.1.5.4. The creek system ......................................................................................................... 18 3.1.6. Socio-economic profile ........................................................................................... 19 3.1.6.1. Permanent human settlement ................................................................................. 19 3.1.6.2. Non-permanent human settlement ....................................................................... 19 3.1.7. Land ownership/management and regulation .............................................. 20 3.1.8. Current land use ....................................................................................................... 21 3.1.8.1. Fishing activities ........................................................................................................... 21 3.1.8.2. Livestock .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.8.3. Agriculture ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.8.4. Salt works ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.9. Recreation ................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.10. Factors affecting the areas ecological character (including changes in land use and development projects) ...................................................... 21 3.1.11. Current scientific research/facilities and conservation education ..... 25 3.1.11.1. Turtle conservation project – SWD ........................................................................ 25 3.1.11.2. Turtle conservation project – WWF Pakistan ..................................................... 25 3.1.11.3. Turtle conservation project – Shehri –CBE ......................................................... 26 3.1.12. Conservation measures proposed but not yet implemented .............. 27 3.1.12.1. Karachi Coastal Recreation Development Plan (1990-2000) ....................... 28 3.1.12.2. General Standard: Coastline recreation development: The Karachi Building and Town Planning Regulations 2002.................................................. 29 4. ARGUING THE CASE: TURTLE BEACH PROTECTED AREA ............................. 30 4.1. PRESENTING THE CASE ...................................................................................................... 30 4.2. THE PROPOSED PROTECTED AREA: A GLOBALLY IMPORTANT GREEN TURTLE NESTING HABITAT ............................................................................................................................... 30 4.2.1. Green turtles – Distribution and habitat ......................................................... 30 4.2.2. Sea turtles in Pakistan – The status ................................................................. 31 4.2.2.1. Sea turtle nesting sites in Pakistan ....................................................................... 31 4.2.2.2. Sandspit/Hawksbay green turtle nesting site .................................................... 32 4.2.3. A globally recognized coastal wetland ............................................................. 32 Habitat Management Plan for the proposed Turtle Beach Protected Area A Framework for Action (2) 4.3. EVALUATING THE CASE ...................................................................................................... 33 4.3.1. Functions and values of the TBPA: Applying the de.Groot method ...... 33 4.3.1.1. Total Socio-economic and capital value of the protected area ................... 36 o Ecological value ....................................................................................................................... 36 Conservation value ....................................................................................................... 36 Existence value .............................................................................................................. 36 o Social values ................................................................................................................... 37 Human health ................................................................................................................. 37 Option value.................................................................................................................... 37 o Economic values ............................................................................................................ 37 CONSUMPTIVE VALUES ............................................................................................................ 37 Productive values .......................................................................................................... 38 EMPLOYMENT VALUES ............................................................................................................. 38 4.4. THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ................................................................... 39 4.5. OPTIONS FOR PROTECTED AREA DESIGNATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ................ 40 4.5.1. Nationally designated protected area .............................................................. 40 4.5.2. Ramsar site ................................................................................................................ 41 4.5.3. Nature reserve .......................................................................................................... 42 5. TOWARDS A PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................... 44 5.1. MANAGING A PROTECTED AREA: ISSUES AND CONCERNS .............................................. 44 5.2. DESIGNATING AND MANAGING A PROTECTED AREA......................................................... 44 5.2.1. Management effectiveness evaluation ............................................................. 45 5.2.2. Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) Methodology - WWF ........................................................................... 45 5.2.3. The IUCN World Commission
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